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Abou-Taleb HA, Mohamed MS, Zayed GM, Abdelaty LN, Makki MA, Abdel-Aleem HL, El-Mokhtar MA, Hetta HF, Abdullah N, Saddik MS. HPMC-Zein Film-forming Gel Loaded with 5-Fluorouracil Coupled with CO 2 Laser Dermabrasion for Managing Stable Vitiligo. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:225. [PMID: 39327349 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a significant dermatological challenge affecting 0.5 to 2% of the global population. Despite the various existing medical approaches, current vitiligo treatments are far from ideal. The present study aimed to prepare and evaluate a film-forming gel of 5 fluorouracil (5FU) using different ratios of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Zein for treating vitiligo. The prepared film-forming gels were fully characterized in terms of morphology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, drug content, pH, drying time, in-vitro drug release, and clinical investigation. A 32-full factorial design was used to study the impact of varying concentrations of HPMC (X1) and Zein (X2) on the percentage of 5FU released (Y1) from the prepared film-forming gels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a cross-linked network structure between polymers. An increase in HPMC concentration (2-4%) correlated with higher 5FU release, whereas increased Zein concentration (1-2%) resulted in reduced 5FU release. Furthermore, patients treated with 5FU film-forming gel after dermabrasion with fractional CO2 (FCO2) laser exhibited a significant decrease in JAK3 gene expression and higher effectiveness than those treated with FCO2 laser alone. Our results suggest that the film-forming gel of 5FU is promising as an effective formulation for treating vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Abou-Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University (MUE), Sohag, 82755, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Gamal M Zayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa N Abdelaty
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Makki
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hazem L Abdel-Aleem
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidaa Abdullah
- Department of Medical Sterilization, Ohoud Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Saddik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq.
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Saddik MS, Al-Hakkani MF, Abu-Dief AM, Mohamed MS, Al-Fattah IA, Makki M, El-Mokhtar MA, Sabet MA, Amin M, Ahmed HA, Al-Ghamdi K, Mohammad MK, Hassan MH. Formulation and evaluation of azithromycin-loaded silver nanoparticles for the treatment of infected wounds. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100245. [PMID: 38633410 PMCID: PMC11021372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Infected wounds pose a significant challenge in healthcare, requiring innovative therapeutic strategies. Therefore, there is a critical need for innovative pharmaceutical materials to improve wound healing and combat bacterial growth. This study examined the efficacy of azithromycin-loaded silver nanoparticles (AZM-AgNPs) in treating infected wounds. AgNPs synthesized using a green method with Quinoa seed extract were loaded with AZM. Characterization techniques, including X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Uv-Vis analysis were utilized. The agar diffusion assay and determination of the MIC were used to assess the initial antibacterial impact of the formulations on both MRSA and E. coli. In addition, the antimicrobial, wound-healing effects and histological changes following treatment with the AZM-AgNPs were assessed using an infected rat model. The nanoparticles had size of 24.9 ± 15.2 nm for AgNPs and 34.7 ± 9.7 nm for AZM-AgNPs. The Langmuir model accurately characterized the adsorption of AZM onto the AgNP surface, indicating a maximum loading capacity of 162.73 mg/g. AZM-AgNPs exhibited superior antibacterial properties in vivo and in vitro compared to controls. Using the agar diffusion technique, AZM-AgNPs showed enhanced zones of inhibition against E. coli and MRSA, which was coupled with decreased MIC levels. In addition, in vivo studies showed that AZM-AgNP treated rats had the best outcome characterized by improved healing process, lower bacterial counts and superior epithelialization, compared to the control group. In conclusion, AZM-AgNPs can be synthesized using a green method with Quinoa seed with successful loading of azithromycin onto silver nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest the promising use of AZM-AgNPs as an effective therapeutic agent for infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Saddik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, P.O. Box 82524, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mostafa F. Al-Hakkani
- Department of Research, Development, and Stability, UP Pharma, Industrial Zone, Arab El Awamer, Abnoub, 76, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abu-Dief
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Islam A. Al-Fattah
- Department of Research, Development, and Stability, UP Pharma, Industrial Zone, Arab El Awamer, Abnoub, 76, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Makki
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine [Assiut], Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Sabet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New-Assiut 71684, Egypt
| | - M.S. Amin
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Khalaf Al-Ghamdi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa K. Mohammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Assiut, New Nasser City, West of Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammad H.A. Hassan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Higher Technological Institute for Applied Health Sciences in Minya, Minya, Egypt
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Moussa SG, El Hoffy NM, Mouselhy YY, Mubarak R, Attia RT, Khalil N, Amer SA. Sustainable Treatment of Oral Traumatic Ulcers with Licorice Containing Hydrogels: Integrating Computational Modeling, Quality by Design, Green Synthesis, and Molecular Biological Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2734. [PMID: 38140075 PMCID: PMC10748055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The urge to implement innovative approaches that align with eco-friendly practices and hold promise for enhancing oral health while promoting environmental sustainability has been increasing. This current work aims to develop a sustainable treatment for oral traumatic ulcers using licorice-based hydrogels (LHGs) containing hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as the green gelling agent. Licorice root aqueous extract was phytochemically profiled using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Forty-three compounds were detected, with Glycyrrhizic acid being the major component of the extract (34.85 ± 2.77%). By implementing a Quality by Design (QbD) approach, the study investigates the effects of different licorice extract and HEC concentrations on key variables such as pH and viscosity of the prepared formulations, ulcer and wound healing scores, and tissue growth factors via a Full Factorial Experimental Design. The LHGs exhibited desirable consistency, spreadability, and clarity. Statistical analysis, employing an ANOVA test, revealed the high significance of the constructed models with the licorice concentration being the key independent factor affecting all dependent outputs. The pH as well as the viscosity of the prepared LHGs were positively influenced by licorice extract concentration, with higher concentrations leading to increased alkalinity and viscosity. Rheological behavior analysis revealed a pseudoplastic flow with demonstrated thixotropy which is advantageous for application and prolongation of residence time. The wound healing process was assessed through ulcer size, traumatic ulcer healing score (UHS), collagen-1 expression (COL-1), growth factors (EGF, VEGF), pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α), wound healing score (WHS). LHGs prepared using higher levels of both factors, 30% dried licorice root extract and 4% HEC, demonstrated enhanced wound healing, elevated growth factor expression of 66.67% and 23.24%, respectively, and 88% reduced inflammation compared to the control group, indicating their potential in expediting oral ulcer recovery. Overall, these findings highlight the promising role of green licorice-based hydrogels in promoting sustainable oral mucosal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G. Moussa
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (S.G.M.); (R.M.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Nada M. El Hoffy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Yara Y. Mouselhy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Ramy Mubarak
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (S.G.M.); (R.M.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Reem T. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Noha Khalil
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Sherif A. Amer
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (S.G.M.); (R.M.); (S.A.A.)
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Hussein NN, Al-Azawi K, Sulaiman GM, Albukhaty S, Al-Majeed RM, Jabir M, Al-Dulimi AG, Mohammed HA, Akhtar N, Alawaji R, A Alshammari AA, Khan RA. Silver-cored Ziziphus spina-christi extract-loaded antimicrobial nanosuspension: overcoming multidrug resistance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1839-1854. [PMID: 37982771 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To synthesize a silver-cored nanosuspension utilizing Ziziphus spina-christi fresh-leaf extract and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogenic microbes. Materials and Methods: The prepared nanosuspension was analyzed by spectro-analytical techniques and tested for antimicrobial activity and resistance to biofilm formation. The leaf extract and nanosuspension were tested separately and together as a mixture. Results: Constituent nanoparticles were average-sized (∼34 nm) and were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes and yeast. Candida albicans showed a 24.50 ± 1.50 mm inhibition zone, followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Increased bioactivity with the highest multifold increments, 150%, for erythromycin against all tested microbes was observed. Carbenicillin and trimethoprim showed 166%- and 300%-fold increments for antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Conclusion: The nanosuspension exhibited strong potential as an antimicrobial agent and overcame multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehia N Hussein
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Khalida Al-Azawi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Ghassan M Sulaiman
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, 62001, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Reem Ma Al-Majeed
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Majid Jabir
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Ali G Al-Dulimi
- Department of Dentistry, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala, 32001, Iraq
| | - Hamdoon A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Naseem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, P.O. Box 31717, Buraydah 51418, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Alawaji
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Salman Medical City, Maternity and Children Hospital, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Arif A Alshammari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Graduate Student
| | - Riaz A Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Hosny S, El-Baki RFA, El-Wahab ZHA, Gouda GA, Saddik MS, Aljuhani A, Abu-Dief AM. Development of Novel Nano-Sized Imine Complexes Using Coriandrum sativum Extract: Structural Elucidation, Non-Isothermal Kinetic Study, Theoretical Investigation and Pharmaceutical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14259. [PMID: 37762562 PMCID: PMC10531680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new Schiff base (H2L) generated from sulfamethazine (SMT), as well as its novel micro- and nanocomplexes with Ni(II) and Cd(II) metal ions, have been synthesized. The proposed structures of all isolated solid compounds were identified with physicochemical, spectral, and thermal techniques. Molar conductance studies confirmed that the metal complexes are not electrolytic. The molecular geometry located at the central metal ion was found to be square planar for the NiL2 and tetrahedral for the CdL2 complexes. The kinetic and thermal parameters were obtained using the Coats and Redfern approach. Coriandrum sativum (CS) in ethanol was used to create the eco-friendly Ni and Cd nanocomplexes. The size of the obtained nanoparticles was examined using PXRD and TEM, and found to be in the sub-nano range (3.07-4.61 nm). Furthermore, the TEM micrograph demonstrated a uniform and homogeneous surface morphology. The chemistry of the prepared nanocomplexes was studied using TGA and TEM techniques. The effect of temperature on the prepared nanocomplexes' size revealed a decrease in size by heating. Furthermore, the nanocomplexes' antimicrobial and anticancer properties were evaluated. The outcomes demonstrated that the nanocomplexes exhibited better antimicrobial properties. Moreover, the antitumor results showed that after heating, the Ni nanocomplex exhibited a substantial antitumor activity (IC50 = 1.280 g/mL), which was higher than the activity of cis-platin (IC50 = 1.714 g/mL). Finally, molecular-docking studies were performed to understand the evaluated compounds' ability to bind to methionine adenosyl-transferases (PDB ID: 5A19) in liver cancer and COVID-19 main protease (PDB ID: 6lu7) cell-proteins. The findings reveal that [NiL2]·1.5H2O2 has a higher binding energy of -37.5 kcal/mol with (PDB ID: 5A19) cell protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Hosny
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Alkharga 72511, Egypt;
| | - Randa F. Abd El-Baki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Alkharga 72511, Egypt;
| | - Zeinab H. Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girl’s), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt;
| | - Gamal A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed S. Saddik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, P.O. Box 82524, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Ateyatallah Aljuhani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. Abu-Dief
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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Namulinda T, Bao LL, Kwetegyeka J, Gumula I, Yan YJ, Chen ZL. Antibacterial and anticancer activities of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Photinia glabra fruit extract. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:987-1002. [PMID: 37584549 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: We prepared Photinia glabra (PG) aqueous fruit extract, utilized it to synthesize silver nanoparticles (PG-Ag NPs) and evaluated the antibacterial and anticancer activities of the nanoparticles (NPs). Materials & methods: Silver nitrate aqueous solution was reduced to PG-Ag NPs using aqueous PG fruit extract. NP shape, size, composition and functionalization were determined using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared and x-ray diffraction. Results & conclusions: PG-Ag NPs were spherical, approximately 39-77 nm-sized, functionalized surfaces with notable antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with an MIC <30 ug/ml and cytotoxicity toward esophageal cancer cells, with IC50 values less than 20 ug/ml. PG-Ag@rt NPs have been shown to be a potent antibacterial and anticancer agent, and their enriched particle surfaces can be conjugated with other compounds for multibiomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabbisa Namulinda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Biology & Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lei-Lei Bao
- Dongfang Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Justus Kwetegyeka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ivan Gumula
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Biology & Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Hosen ME, Rahman MS, Faruqe MO, Khalekuzzaman M, Islam MA, Acharjee UK, Zaman R. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation approach of Camellia sinensis leaf extract derived compounds as potential cholinesterase inhibitors. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:14. [PMID: 37255739 PMCID: PMC10225450 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) belongs to the family Theaceae and contains many phytochemicals that are effective against various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we aimed to characterize the phytochemicals present in the methanolic and n-hexane leaf extracts of C. sinensis using GC-MS, FTIR, and UV-visible analysis. We detected a total of 19 compounds of different chemical classes. We also performed molecular docking studies using the GC-MS detected phytochemicals, targeting acetylcholinesterase (AChE, PBD ID: 4BDT) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, PDB ID: 6QAB), which are responsible for the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). This breakdown leads to dementia and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients. The compounds Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol, (3.beta.,5.alpha.,22E)- and Benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) showed better binding affinity against AChE, while dl-.alpha.-Tocopherol and Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol, (3.beta.,5.alpha.,22E)- showed better binding affinity against BChE. We determined the stability and rigidity of these best docked complexes through molecular dynamics simulation for a period of 100 ns. All complexes showed stability in terms of SASA, Rg, and hydrogen bonds, but some variations were found in the RMSD values. Our ADMET analysis revealed that all lead compounds are non-toxic. Therefore, these compounds could be potential inhibitors of AChE and BChE. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Eram Hosen
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sojiur Rahman
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruqe
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Khalekuzzaman
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asadul Islam
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Uzzal Kumar Acharjee
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Rashed Zaman
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
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