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Martínez-Olivo AO, Zamora-Gasga VM, Medina-Torres L, Pérez-Larios A, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Sánchez-Burgos JA. Biofunctionalization of natural extracts, trends in biological activity and kinetic release. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102938. [PMID: 37329675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits provided by plant matrices is due to the presence of certain compounds that, in studies carried out in vitro and in vivo, have shown to have biological activity in certain conditions, not only as a natural treatment against various conditions, but also for the quality of preventing chronic diseases, these compounds, already identified and studied, they can increase their biological function by undergoing structural chemical modifications or by being incorporated into polymer matrices that allow, in the first instance, to protect said compound and increase its bioaccessibility, as well as to preserve or increase the biological effects. Although the stabilization of compounds is an important aspect, it is also the study of the kinetic parameters of the system that contains them, since, due to these studies, the potential application to these systems can be designated. In this review we will address some of the work focused on obtaining compounds with biological activity from plant sources, the functionalization of extracts through double emulsions and nanoemulsions, as well as their toxicity and finally the pharmacokinetic aspects of entrapment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Osiris Martínez-Olivo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Zamora-Gasga
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Luis Medina-Torres
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Larios
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de los Altos, División de Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierías, Laboratorio de Materiales, Agua y Energía, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, C.P. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Sánchez-Burgos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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O’Mahony L, O’Shea E, O’Connor EM, Tierney A, Harkin M, Harrington J, Kennelly S, Arendt E, O’Toole PW, Timmons S. Older adults and healthcare professionals have limited awareness of the link between the Mediterranean diet and the gut microbiome for healthy aging. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1104238. [PMID: 36776602 PMCID: PMC9911522 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Strategies to improve the gut microbiome through consuming an improved diet, including adopting the Mediterranean Diet (MD), may promote healthy aging. We explored older adults' and healthcare professionals' (HCPs) perspectives of the MD, gut health, and microbiome for their role in healthy aging. Design Phenomenological qualitative. Setting Community-dwelling older adults and HCPs in primary and secondary care in Ireland. Participants Older adults (aged 55 + years), recruited through social, retirement and disease-support groups. HCPs recruited through researcher networks and professional associations. Measurements Semi-structured 1:1 interviews and focus groups (FGs) conducted remotely with older adults and HCPs separately. Interviews/FGs were recorded, transcribed, and coded using inductive thematic analysis. Results Forty-seven older adults were recruited (50% male; 49% aged 60-69 years; 28% 70 +), and 26 HCPs including dietitians (n = 8); geriatricians (n = 6); clinical therapists (n = 4); nurses, pharmacists, catering managers, and meal-delivery service coordinators (n = 2 each). Older adults considered the MD "a nice way to enjoy food," good for cardiovascular health and longevity, but with accessibility and acceptability challenges (increased salads/fish, different food environments, socio-cultural differences). HCPs felt the MD is included in healthy eating advice, but not overtly, mostly through the promotion of mixed-fiber intake. Older adults considered "live" yogurt and probiotics, and to a lesser extent fiber, to maintain a "healthy gut," suggesting the gut has "something to do with" cognitive and digestive health. Overall, microbiota-health effects were considered "not common knowledge" among most older adults, but becoming more topical among both professionals and the public with advancing scientific communication. Conclusion While "gut health" was considered important, specific effects of the MD on gut microbiota, and the significance of this for healthy aging, was under-recognized. Future efforts should explain the importance to older adults of maintaining the gut microbiota through diet, while appreciating perspectives of probiotic products and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren O’Mahony
- Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emma O’Shea
- Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eibhlís M. O’Connor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Audrey Tierney
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,Health Implementation Science and Technology Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | - Sharon Kennelly
- National Primary Care Strategy and Planning, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elke Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Timmons
- Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,*Correspondence: Suzanne Timmons,
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Londoño-Cañola C, Serral G, Díez J, Martínez-García A, Franco M, Artazcoz L, Ariza C. Retail Food Environment around Schools in Barcelona by Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status: Implications for Local Food Policy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:649. [PMID: 36612971 PMCID: PMC9819657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a relevant public health problem. The school food environment has been identified as an important factor for promoting healthy eating behaviors. This study assessed the availability of and proximity to unhealthy food stores around schools (n = 22) in the city of Barcelona and its association with neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES). We conducted this cross-sectional study between 2019 and 2020. First, we identified all food retailers (n = 153) within a 400-m buffer around each school and identified those selling unhealthy food products. Then, we used Poison regression models to measure the association between NSES and the healthy food availability index (HFAI), adjusting for population density and distance. A total of 95% of the food establishments studied were classified as unhealthy (n = 146). In all, 90% of schools that had, at least, two unhealthy retailers in their proximity. There were significant differences in the mean distance to unhealthy establishments according to neighborhood SES and population density (p < 0.05). We found a positive association between schools located in higher SES neighborhoods and a higher availability and affordability of healthy food products (IIR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.45−1.91 p = 0.000). We found strong social inequalities in the supply of healthy foods in Barcelona. Local food policy interventions addressing retail food environment around schools should consider socioeconomic inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Londoño-Cañola
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Public Health Agency, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Serral
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Public Health Agency, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Díez
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Martínez-García
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lucía Artazcoz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Public Health Agency, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ariza
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Public Health Agency, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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Marshall Q, Fanzo J, Barrett CB, Jones AD, Herforth A, McLaren R. Building a Global Food Systems Typology: A New Tool for Reducing Complexity in Food Systems Analysis. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.746512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food systems have a profound impact on diets, nutrition, health, economic development, and environmental sustainability. Yet their complexity poses a persistent challenge in identifying the policy actions that are needed to improve human and planetary health outcomes. Typologies are a useful classification tool to identify similarities and differences among food systems, while reducing this analytical complexity. This study presents a new food system typology, implemented at the country level using parsimonious data that characterize food supply chains, food environments, consumer-related factors, and key outcomes, including dietary intake, nutritional status, health, and environmental impacts. Five food system types are identified: rural and traditional; informal and expanding; emerging and diversifying; modernizing and formalizing; and industrial and consolidated. Patterns across the five system types in key outcome variables align with narratives provided by the food systems and nutrition transition literature, demonstrating the usefulness of this classification method. Substantial heterogeneity nonetheless still exists within individual food system types. Therefore, the recommended use of the typology is in early stages of hypothesis generation, to identify potential risk factors or constraints in the food system that can be explored further at national and sub-national levels.
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Agurto HS, Alcantara-Diaz AL, Espinet-Coll E, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ. Eating habits, lifestyle behaviors and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among Peruvian adults. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11431. [PMID: 34026366 PMCID: PMC8121059 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has led to an unprecedented public health crisis. In Peru, although the quarantine is no longer mandatory, it was during the first months of 2020. To date, no studies have assessed the impact of the COVID-19 on the eating patterns and lifestyle context in the country. We aimed to describe the eating habits, lifestyle behaviors and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among Peruvian adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study. We used an online survey to collect information regarding eating habits, self-perceived stress and sedentary lifestyle among adults over 18 years of age residing in Lima-Peru and who complied with strict home quarantine. We presented our data according to the weight variation of the participants. RESULTS A total of 686 were finally included in the study. The 82.9% were female, the median BMI was 25.97 kg/m2 (IQR: 23.37-29.41) and 68.2% reported a significant variation in their weight (38.9% increased and 29.3% lost weight). All bad habits were significantly associated with weight gain, except for prolonged fasting. Additionally, a sitting time longer than usual (p = 0.001), being in front of a screen for more than five hours in the last week (p = 0.002), and most of the stressful scenarios were significantly associated with weight gain. CONCLUSION Almost four out of ten participants gained weight during the quarantine. This was associated with unhealthy eating habits, physical inactivity, and stressful scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana L. Alcantara-Diaz
- SCIEMVE, Sociedad Científica Veritas, Chiclayo, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Clínica Avendaño, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Clínica Avendaño, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
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Fernández-López J, Botella-Martínez C, Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera C, Sayas-Barberá ME, Viuda-Martos M, Sánchez-Zapata E, Pérez-Álvarez JA. Vegetable Soups and Creams: Raw Materials, Processing, Health Benefits, and Innovation Trends. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121769. [PMID: 33327480 PMCID: PMC7764940 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable soups and creams have gained popularity among consumers worldwide due to the wide variety of raw materials (vegetable fruits, tubers, bulbs, leafy vegetables, and legumes) that can be used in their formulation which has been recognized as a healthy source of nutrients (mainly proteins, dietary fiber, other carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals) and bioactive compounds that could help maintain the body’s health and wellbeing. In addition, they are cheap and easy to preserve and prepare at home, ready to eat, so in consequence they are very useful in the modern life rhythms that modify the habits of current consumption and that reclaim foods elaborated with natural ingredients, ecologic, vegans, less invasive production processes, agroindustry coproducts valorization, and exploring new flavors and textures. This review focuses on the nutritional and healthy properties of vegetable soups and creams (depending on the raw materials used in their production) highlighting their content in bioactive compounds and their antioxidant properties. Apart from the effect that some processing steps could have on these compounds, innovation trends for the development of healthier soups and creams adapted to specific consumer requirements have also been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Fernández-López
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Carmen Botella-Martínez
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Casilda Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - María Estrella Sayas-Barberá
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Manuel Viuda-Martos
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Elena Sánchez-Zapata
- Research & Development Pre-Cooked Convenience Food, Surinver El Grupo S.Coop, 03191 Alicante, Spain;
| | - José Angel Pérez-Álvarez
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +94-96-674-9739
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Cheikh Ismail L, Osaili TM, Mohamad MN, Al Marzouqi A, Jarrar AH, Abu Jamous DO, Magriplis E, Ali HI, Al Sabbah H, Hasan H, AlMarzooqi LMR, Stojanovska L, Hashim M, Shaker Obaid RR, Saleh ST, Al Dhaheri AS. Eating Habits and Lifestyle during COVID-19 Lockdown in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3314. [PMID: 33137947 PMCID: PMC7693610 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease is still spreading in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with subsequent lockdowns and social distancing measures being enforced by the government. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the lockdown on eating habits and lifestyle behaviors among residents of the UAE. A cross-sectional study among adults in the UAE was conducted using an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. A total of 1012 subjects participated in the study. During the pandemic, 31% reported weight gain and 72.2% had less than eight cups of water per day. Furthermore, the dietary habits of the participants were distanced from the Mediterranean diet principles and closer to "unhealthy" dietary patterns. Moreover, 38.5% did not engage in physical activity and 36.2% spent over five hours per day on screens for entertainment. A significantly higher percentage of participants reported physical exhaustion, emotional exhaustion, irritability, and tension "all the time" during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic (p < 0.001). Sleep disturbances were prevalent among 60.8% of the participants during the pandemic. Although lockdowns are an important safety measure to protect public health, results indicate that they might cause a variety of lifestyle changes, physical inactivity, and psychological problems among adults in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (T.M.O.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (R.R.S.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Tareq M. Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (T.M.O.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (R.R.S.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Maysm N. Mohamad
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (M.N.M.); (A.H.J.); (H.I.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.A.D.)
| | - Amina Al Marzouqi
- Department of Health Services Administration, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Amjad H. Jarrar
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (M.N.M.); (A.H.J.); (H.I.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.A.D.)
| | - Dima O. Abu Jamous
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Emmanuella Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Habiba I. Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (M.N.M.); (A.H.J.); (H.I.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.A.D.)
| | - Haleama Al Sabbah
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai 19282, UAE;
| | - Hayder Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (T.M.O.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (R.R.S.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | | | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (M.N.M.); (A.H.J.); (H.I.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.A.D.)
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 14428, Australia
| | - Mona Hashim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (T.M.O.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (R.R.S.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Reyad R. Shaker Obaid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (T.M.O.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (R.R.S.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Sheima T. Saleh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (T.M.O.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (R.R.S.O.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (M.N.M.); (A.H.J.); (H.I.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.A.D.)
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Martínez-García A, Trescastro-López EM, Galiana-Sánchez ME, Llorens-Ivorra C, Pereyra-Zamora P. Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey to the Mediterranean Spanish Context (NEMS-P-MED). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113257. [PMID: 33114384 PMCID: PMC7693738 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals’ perceptions of their food environments are a mediator between exposure to the environment and people’s interaction with it. The Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys (NEMS) are valid and reliable measures to assess food environments. In Spain, there is no adapted instrument to measure the perceived obesogenic environment. This article aims to adapt and evaluate the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for a Spanish context (NEMS-P-MED). The Spanish version has 32 questions to measure the perception about availability, accessibility and marketing of 3 types of environment: home, shops and restaurants. We assess feasibility, construct validity and internal consistency reliability through a sample of 95 individuals. The internal consistency was acceptable for most items (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients range from 0.6 to 0.9), similar to that of the original scale. The NEMS-P-MED has been shown to be valid and, on certain items reliable, and was useful to assess the population’s perceptions of the food environment in the home, restaurants and food stores in a Spanish context. Adapting standardized measurement tools to specific contexts to assess the perceived and observed characteristics of food environments may facilitate the development of effective policy interventions to reduce excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez-García
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.E.G.-S.); (C.L.-I.); (P.P.-Z.)
| | - Eva María Trescastro-López
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.E.G.-S.); (C.L.-I.); (P.P.-Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-590-34-00 (ext. 3834)
| | - María Eugenia Galiana-Sánchez
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.E.G.-S.); (C.L.-I.); (P.P.-Z.)
| | - Cristóbal Llorens-Ivorra
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.E.G.-S.); (C.L.-I.); (P.P.-Z.)
- Public Health Center of Dénia (Alicante), Valencian Community, 03700 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pamela Pereyra-Zamora
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.E.G.-S.); (C.L.-I.); (P.P.-Z.)
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Rivera-Navarro J, Conde P, Díez J, Gutiérrez-Sastre M, González-Salgado I, Sandín M, Gittelsohn J, Franco M. Urban environment and dietary behaviours as perceived by residents living in socioeconomically diverse neighbourhoods: A qualitative study in a Mediterranean context. Appetite 2020; 157:104983. [PMID: 33045303 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Scholars have determined that low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with unhealthy dietary behaviours and that local food environments shape food inequality. Less is known about how residents' perceptions of their food environment affect their dietary behaviours. We conducted 37 semistructured interviews and 29 focus groups in three socioeconomically distinct neighbourhoods in Madrid. We identified the following main categories related to social and physical food environments: (a) perceptions of healthy and unhealthy dietary behaviours, (b) children's relationships with food, (c) precariousness and (d) residential food retailer types. Older adults were perceived as healthier consumers, whereas younger people were identified as fast-food consumers. In the low- and middle-SES neighbourhoods, residents saw home-cooked legume-based stews as healthy food. In the high-SES neighbourhood, television cooking programs were highlighted as a positive influence. In the low- and middle-SES neighbourhoods, grandparents played an essential role in the transmission of healthy eating habits to their grandchildren. In the high-SES neighbourhood, children's diets at home were determined by school menus. In the low- and middle-SES neighbourhoods, participants talked about a black market where food could be purchased. Food retailers with low-quality foods were also highlighted. In all neighbourhoods, residents missed traditional food stores, and in the low- and middle-SES neighbourhoods, immigrant-run food stores were not well accepted. Our study presents the concepts shaping how neighbourhood SES differences affect dietary behaviours according to residents of a large Mediterranean city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rivera-Navarro
- Sociology and Communication Department, Social Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Paloma Conde
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Díez
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Gutiérrez-Sastre
- Sociology and Communication Department, Social Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio González-Salgado
- Sociology and Communication Department, Social Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Sandín
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Surgery and Medical and Social Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Publica Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Manuel Franco
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Surgery and Medical and Social Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Martínez-García A, Díez J, Fernández-Escobar C, Trescastro-López EM, Pereyra-Zamora P, Ariza C, Bilal U, Franco M. Adaptation and Evaluation of the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores to Assess Mediterranean Food Environments (NEMS-S-MED). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7031. [PMID: 32992984 PMCID: PMC7579010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys are valid and reliable measures of community and consumer food environments. This article describes the adaptation and evaluation of the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) for Mediterranean urban contexts (NEMS-S-MED). Trained raters used the adapted NEMS-S-MED tool to observe and rate food outlets in 21 census tracts and 43 food stores across the city of Madrid, Spain. We evaluated inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities, construct validity, and the tool's ability to discriminate between store types and between stores by area-level Socio-Economic Status (SES). Overall, the mean NEMS-S-MED score was 20.7 (SD = 9.8), which ranged from 7 to 43. Most food items displayed substantial or almost perfect inter-rater and intra-rater agreements; the percentage agreement across availability items was almost perfect and kappa statistics were also very high (median κ = 1.00 for inter-rater; κ = 0.92 for intra-rater). Furthermore, the NEMS-S-MED tool was able to discriminate between store types and census tracts of different SES. The adapted NEMS-S-MED instrument is a reliable and valid audit tool to assess the consumer food environment in Mediterranean urban contexts. Well-constructed measurement tools, such as the NEMS-S-MED, may facilitate the development of effective policy interventions to increase healthy food access and affordability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez-García
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (E.M.T.-L.); (P.P.-Z.)
| | - Julia Díez
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-E.); (U.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Carlos Fernández-Escobar
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-E.); (U.B.); (M.F.)
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Trescastro-López
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (E.M.T.-L.); (P.P.-Z.)
| | - Pamela Pereyra-Zamora
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (E.M.T.-L.); (P.P.-Z.)
| | - Carles Ariza
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency Barcelona), 08023 Barcelona, Spain;
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Usama Bilal
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-E.); (U.B.); (M.F.)
- Urban Health Collaborative and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manuel Franco
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-E.); (U.B.); (M.F.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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11
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Scarmozzino F, Visioli F. Covid-19 and the Subsequent Lockdown Modified Dietary Habits of Almost Half the Population in an Italian Sample. Foods 2020; 9:E675. [PMID: 32466106 PMCID: PMC7278864 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in several parts of the world and, hence, changed some daily habits, including social interactions, the ability to perform sports, and-possibly-diet. The Italian government established and promulgated lockdown policies on 9 March 2020. We aim at assessing the effects of Covid-19-induced confinement policies on self-reported food consumption of self-selected Italians by means of a questionnaire that was created and diffused by the Internet. Nearly half, i.e., 49.6% of responders did not substantially modify their diet during the lockdown; however, 46.1% of them reported that they were eating more during confinement, and 19.5% gained weight. In particular, we report an increase in "comfort food" consumption, notably chocolate, ice-cream, and desserts (42.5%) and salty snacks (23.5%). In addition, 42.7% percent of this cohort attributed this increase to higher anxiety levels. Related to this, 36.8% of responders reported a decrease in alcohol consumption, even though 10.1% of them reported an increase. Interestingly, 21.2% of responders increased their consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables. Only 33.5% of those who declared decreased consumption attributed this change of diet to lower availability and ease of purchasing such items. Equally interesting, over half of responders, i.e., 56.2%, admitted that fruit and vegetables did not appeal to them while in lockdown. Purchases of ready-made meals were reduced by nearly 50%. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken worldwide and will help public health authorities shape their reactions to future, unavoidable pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Scarmozzino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Paknahad Z, Sheklabadi E, Moravejolahkami AR, Chitsaz A, Hassanzadeh A. The effects of Mediterranean diet on severity of disease and serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in patients with Parkinson's disease: a single center, randomized controlled trial. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:313-320. [PMID: 32319358 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1751509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) as one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders may be affected by healthy dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Mediterranean Diet (MeD) on serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and disease severity in PD patients.Materials & Methods: In this single-center randomized clinical trial, patients with idiopathic PD (n = 80) were selected randomly allocated to either MeD or control group (Iranian traditional diet); an individualized dietary plan based on the MeD was designed. Serum TAC and the motor & non-motor disease aspects using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were evaluated in two groups. Statistical Analysis of data was performed using SPSS 24.Results: 70 PD patients with a mean age of 58.96 ± 8.7 and UDPRS of 41.66 ± 20.19 were analyzed in this study. MeD significantly increased serum TAC (P < 0.001). UPDRS score was also lowered in MeD group (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Mediterranean diet seems to have some benefits in PD. as well, TAC levels can also be affected by MeD. Anyway, further studies are needed to confirm the mentioned outcomes.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20141108019853N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamzam Paknahad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Sheklabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Moravejolahkami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Chitsaz
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Assessing the Retail Food Environment in Madrid: An Evaluation of Administrative Data against Ground Truthing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193538. [PMID: 31546670 PMCID: PMC6801710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that European settings face unique food environment issues; however, retail food environments (RFE) outside Anglo-Saxon contexts remain understudied. We assessed the completeness and accuracy of an administrative dataset against ground truthing, using the example of Madrid (Spain). Further, we tested whether its completeness differed by its area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and population density. First, we collected data on the RFE through the ground truthing of 42 census tracts. Second, we retrieved data on the RFE from an administrative dataset covering the entire city (n = 2412 census tracts), and matched outlets using location matching and location/name matching. Third, we validated the administrative dataset against the gold standard of ground truthing. Using location matching, the administrative dataset had a high sensitivity (0.95; [95% CI = 0.89, 0.98]) and positive predictive values (PPV) (0.79; [95% CI = 0.70, 0.85]), while these values were substantially lower using location/name matching (0.55 and 0.45, respectively). Accuracy was slightly higher using location/name matching (k = 0.71 vs 0.62). We found some evidence for systematic differences in PPV by area-level SES using location matching, and in both sensitivity and PPV by population density using location/name matching. Administrative datasets may offer a reliable and cost-effective source to measure retail food access; however, their accuracy needs to be evaluated before using them for research purposes.
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14
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Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Retail Food Environment around Schools in a Southern European Context. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071511. [PMID: 31277242 PMCID: PMC6683257 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Across Europe, excess body weight rates are particularly high among children and adolescents living in Southern European contexts. In Spain, current food policies appeal to voluntary self-regulation of the food industry and parents’ responsibility. However, there is no research (within Spain) assessing the food environment surrounding schools. We examined the association between neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (NSES) and the spatial access to an unhealthy food environment around schools using both counts and distance measures, across the city of Madrid. We conducted a cross-sectional study citywide (n = 2443 census tracts). In 2017, we identified all schools (n = 1321) and all food retailers offering unhealthy food and beverages surrounding them (n = 6530) using publicly available data. We examined both the counts of retailers (within 400 m) and the distance (in meters) from the schools to the closest retailer. We used multilevel regressions to model the association of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (NSES) with both measures, adjusting both models for population density. Almost all schools (95%) were surrounded by unhealthy retailers within 400 m (median = 17 retailers; interquartile range = 8–34). After adjusting for population density, NSES remained inversely associated with unhealthy food availability. Schools located in low-NSES areas (two lowest quintiles) showed, on average, 29% (IRR (Incidence Rate Ratio) = 1.29; 95% CI (Confidence Interval) = 1.12, 1.50) and 62% (IRR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.35, 1.95) more counts of unhealthy retailers compared with schools in middle-NSES areas (ref.). Schools in high-NSES areas were farther from unhealthy food sources than those schools located in middle-NSES areas (β = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.14, 0.47). Regulating the school food environment (within and beyond school boundaries) may be a promising direction to prevent and reduce childhood obesity.
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15
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Sandín Vázquez M, Rivera J, Conde P, Gutiérrez M, Díez J, Gittelsohn J, Franco M. Social Norms Influencing the Local Food Environment as Perceived by Residents and Food Traders: The Heart Healthy Hoods Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E502. [PMID: 30754690 PMCID: PMC6388162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exploring subjective elements of the food environment remains key to understand why and how residents purchase food. Our aim was to explore and describe the social norms relating to the local food environment and food purchasing behaviors, as perceived by residents and food traders in Madrid, Spain. This qualitative study took place in a middle socioeconomic status neighborhood of Madrid between January 2015 and May 2016. We conducted 35 semi-structured interviews. We used stratified purposive sampling to recruit residents, neighborhood workers (N = 20) and food traders (N = 15) representing different levels of involvement with food purchasing behaviors. We analyzed these data using an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Participants highlighted social aspects of the food environment in relation to food purchasing behaviors. First, interpersonal and relational food environment elements were emphasized, including trust and tradition. Participants also identified generational demographic trends in relation to changes in the way residents purchased food: the new pace of life and the lack of time to buy fresh food and to cook at home. All these elements were influenced by the economic crisis. Food environment interventions aiming to improve food purchasing behaviors and residents' diets should consider intermediate social aspects of the food environment like trust and tradition and the fast pace of life of younger generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sandín Vázquez
- Surgery and Medical and Social Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Rivera
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
- Sociology and Communication Department, Social Sciences Faculty, Salamanca University, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Paloma Conde
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Gutiérrez
- Sociology and Communication Department, Social Sciences Faculty, Salamanca University, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Julia Díez
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Center for Human Nutrition and Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Manuel Franco
- Surgery and Medical and Social Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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