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Mendes MM, Araújo MM, Botelho PB, de Carvalho KMB. Seasonal and sex-related variation in vitamin D status and its association with other biochemical markers in young individuals: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298862. [PMID: 38551916 PMCID: PMC10980231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While several studies have investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and biochemical parameters, the results are still inconsistent and mostly overlook seasonal variations. This study explored the relationships between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, biochemical markers, and seasonal variation among young males and females. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 individuals aged 18-24 years of both sexes residing in Brasilia, Brazil (latitude: 15°S). Sociodemographic variables, season of blood collection, and serum levels of 25(OH)D, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, and alkaline phosphatase were included. Descriptive statistics and differences among groups, correlations, and linear regression tests were performed. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 21.17±1.7 years, and the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 25.76±7.0 ng/mL. Of the participants, 50.7% had vitamin D insufficiency (20 to 29.9 ng/mL), and 23.2% were vitamin D deficient (≤20 ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was higher in the spring (53.2%) and among females (29.5%). In young men with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (≤29.9 ng/mL) (n = 49), 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with HOMA-β (r = -0.234, p = 0.032) and triglyceride (r = -0.415, p = 0.003) levels. However, there were no significant correlations between 25(OH)D concentrations and biochemical markers among women with insufficient and deficient vitamin D levels. CONCLUSION This study found a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency among young individuals living in Brasília, Brazil, particularly women and during the spring season. Our findings suggest that lower 25(OH)D levels (≤29.9 ng/mL) may be associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in young men studied. However, further studies with larger representative samples are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between vitamin D and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Moraes Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiania/GO, Brazil
| | - Maísa Miranda Araújo
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Tsiglopoulos J, Pearson N, Mifsud N, Castagnini E, Allott K, Thompson A, Killackey E, McGorry P, O'Donoghue B. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:237-242. [PMID: 37700506 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in people with established psychotic disorders, but less is known about vitamin D levels in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in people with FEP and identify the factors associated with vitamin D status. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study nested within a randomized controlled trial, which included 37 young people with an FEP with minimal antipsychotic medication exposure. RESULTS Twenty-four percent of participants were vitamin D deficient, and a further 30% were vitamin D insufficient. There was no association between vitamin D and demographic factors or clinical symptoms (positive, negative, general psychopathology and depressive symptoms) or cognition and functioning. However, vitamin D levels were associated with season of sampling. CONCLUSIONS Considering the longer-term adverse effects associated with vitamin D deficiency, it is warranted to ensure this clinical population receives supplementation if indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tsiglopoulos
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Pearson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Mifsud
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Castagnini
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eoin Killackey
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Hu C, Yang M. Trends of serum 25(OH) vitamin D and association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: from NHANES survey cycles 2001-2018. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1328136. [PMID: 38371503 PMCID: PMC10869563 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1328136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The focus of this survey is on survey data for adults aged 20 and above, covering nine survey cycles from 2001 to 2018. Additionally, the present study explored the correlation between vitamin D concentrations and both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Objective The objectives of this study were to evaluate the trend of changes in the serum 25(OH)D concentration changes in US adults during the survey period, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and the current status of vitamin D dietary intake and supplementation. Methods In-home health interviews were performed using meticulously designed questionnaires that gathered information on demographic details, socioeconomic conditions, dietary patterns, and overall health status. Health assessments were conducted in specially designed mobile centers. Results Survey data from 2001 to 2018 revealed a rise in serum 25(OH)D levels, from a weighted mean (95% CI) of 65.6 (63.8-67.4) nmol/L during 2001-2002 to 73.5 (70.4-76.5) nmol/L during 2017-2018, among US adults, while overall vitamin D deficiency rates remained stable (p = 0.152). Notably, in adults aged 20-39, 25(OH)D levels decreased (p = 0.002 for trend), and 25(OH)D deficiency increased (p = 0.003 for trend), especially among those with low incomes (deficiency >30%). Upon multivariable adjustment, an L-shaped relationship was found between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and both CVD and all-cause mortality (p < 0.001 for nonlinearity), as corroborated by sensitivity analyses. Conclusion From 2001 to 2018, US adults experienced a significant increase in their serum 25(OH) D concentration. However, subgroups of individuals, including young adults and individuals with lower socioeconomic status, exhibited a heightened risk of 25(OH)D deficiency. Furthermore, an L-shaped relationship was found between 25(OH)D concentration and both all-cause and CVD mortality among US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chongqing Nanan District Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Ota K, Mitsui J, Katsumata S, Takayanagi Y, Nako Y, Tajima M, Komiya A, Takahashi T, Kawai K. Seasonal Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Level and Reproductive or Immune Markers in Reproductive-Aged Women with Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study in East Japan. Nutrients 2023; 15:5059. [PMID: 38140317 PMCID: PMC10745323 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that vitamin D may modify human reproductive functions; however, the results are conflicting. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate serum vitamin D levels and examine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and ovarian reserve markers, and immune markers of implantation, in reproductive-aged Japanese women with infertility.in reproductive-aged women with infertility. This cross-sectional, single-center study included reproductive-aged women who underwent preconception screening for fertility. Serum vitamin D levels and reproductive and immune markers were measured. Standard and advanced statistical techniques were used. We observed a statistically significant difference in the seasonal and monthly 25(OH) vitamin D levels; the 25(OH) vitamin D level during winter was the lowest among all seasons. However, there was no linear correlation between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and ovarian reserve markers, such as follicle-stimulating hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone, or the Th1/Th2 cell ratio, which is used as an implantation-related immunological marker. In this large-scale study, we evaluated the serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentration in reproductive-aged women with infertility in Japan; however, there was no association between reproductive function and vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Ota
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Japan Labor Health and Safety Organization, 4-13-21 Ohmori-minami, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143-0013, Japan
- Reproductive Medicine, Kameda IVF Clinic Makuhari, Makuhari Techno Garden D3F, 1-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City 261-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.K.); (Y.T.); (Y.N.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Junichiro Mitsui
- Reproductive Medicine, Kameda IVF Clinic Makuhari, Makuhari Techno Garden D3F, 1-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City 261-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.K.); (Y.T.); (Y.N.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shoko Katsumata
- Reproductive Medicine, Kameda IVF Clinic Makuhari, Makuhari Techno Garden D3F, 1-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City 261-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.K.); (Y.T.); (Y.N.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yuko Takayanagi
- Reproductive Medicine, Kameda IVF Clinic Makuhari, Makuhari Techno Garden D3F, 1-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City 261-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.K.); (Y.T.); (Y.N.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Yurie Nako
- Reproductive Medicine, Kameda IVF Clinic Makuhari, Makuhari Techno Garden D3F, 1-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City 261-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.K.); (Y.T.); (Y.N.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Makiko Tajima
- Reproductive Medicine, Kameda IVF Clinic Makuhari, Makuhari Techno Garden D3F, 1-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City 261-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.K.); (Y.T.); (Y.N.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Akira Komiya
- Reproductive Medicine, Kameda IVF Clinic Makuhari, Makuhari Techno Garden D3F, 1-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City 261-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.K.); (Y.T.); (Y.N.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Toshifumi Takahashi
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
| | - Kiyotaka Kawai
- Reproductive Medicine, Kameda IVF Clinic Makuhari, Makuhari Techno Garden D3F, 1-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City 261-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.K.); (Y.T.); (Y.N.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Sasidharan Pillai S, Topor LS. Symptomatic Hypocalcemia due to Nutritional Vitamin D Deficiency in Three Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Case Rep Pediatr 2023; 2023:3588196. [PMID: 37901796 PMCID: PMC10602705 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3588196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Symptomatic hypocalcemia secondary to vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is rare among adolescents without underlying medical disorders, but its prevalence is higher in known risk populations. We report on three adolescent males with low nutritional intake of vitamin D and calcium and limited sun exposure who presented with hypocalcemic tetany and muscle cramps due to VDD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Case Reports. Three adolescent males (age range 14 to 16 years) presented with symptomatic hypocalcemia: paresthesia, carpopedal spasms, and muscle cramps. All reported limited dairy intake and sun exposure. Laboratory studies showed mean ionized calcium (iCa) 2.73 mg/dl (range 2.69-2.8), mean phosphorus 4.17 mg/dl (range, 3-5.4), mean parathyroid hormone (PTH) 431.67 pg/mL (range, 320-527), and mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) 7.37 ng/mL (range 5.3-10.8). All the patients presented during the COVID-19 pandemic, and one had COVID-19 infection. All were treated with oral calcium and high dose ergocalciferol. Patients 2 and 3 were also treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion and oral calcitriol. Conclusion Severe VDD with symptomatic hypocalcemia can occur among adolescents without underlying medical diagnoses due to dietary and behavioral habits that limit nutritional intake and sun exposure. Risk factors of the patients may have been potentiated by pandemic-related behaviors such as more time indoors at home related to social distancing, as well as diets with limited nutrient intake. Adolescents presenting with nonspecific musculoskeletal symptoms should be screened for VDD and hypocalcemia. Appropriate treatment and preventive measures can stop immediate and long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitha Sasidharan Pillai
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Lisa Swartz Topor
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
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Dunlop E, Pham NM, Van Hoang D, Kalmpourtzidou A, Black LJ. Vitamin D status in healthy populations worldwide: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2023; 21:1888-1895. [PMID: 37014734 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-22-00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review is to report on circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and the prevalence of 25(OH)D concentrations below commonly used cut points for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency in healthy populations worldwide. INTRODUCTION Vitamin D sufficiency is important for optimal bone health and has been identified as being protective against a range of adverse health outcomes. Poor vitamin D status is considered a global public health concern. This review will provide up-to-date data on 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy populations worldwide. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider data from publications that include measurements of circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy people of all ages across all global geographical regions. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus will be searched for relevant studies published from March 1, 2011. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts using Research Screener, review relevant full-text articles for quality and eligibility, and extract data. Studies will, where possible, be pooled with statistical meta-analysis, while heterogeneity will be statistically tested. If relevant data are available, subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to investigate latitude, sex, age, season of blood collection, supplement use, 25(OH)D assay used (and whether it's certified to Reference Measurement Procedures developed under the Vitamin D Standardization Program), as well as study quality. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021242466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Dunlop
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dong Van Hoang
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aliki Kalmpourtzidou
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Cremona, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Gnoli M, Brizola E, Tremosini M, Di Cecco A, Sangiorgi L. Vitamin D and Bone fragility in Individuals with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119416. [PMID: 37298368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D affects several body functions, and thus general health, due to its pleiotropic activity. It plays a key role in bone metabolism, and its deficiency impacts bone development, leading to bone fragility. In osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a group of hereditary connective tissue disorders characterized by bone fragility, additional factors, such as vitamin D deficiency, can affect the expression of the phenotype and aggravate the disorder. The aim of this scoping review was to assess the incidence of vitamin D deficit in OI patients and the association between vitamin D status and supplementation in individuals affected by OI. We searched the PubMed Central and Embase databases and included studies published between January/2000 and October/2022 evaluating vitamin D measurement and status (normal, insufficiency, deficiency) and supplementation for OI. A total of 263 articles were identified, of which 45 were screened by title and abstract, and 10 were included after a full-text review. The review showed that low levels of vitamin D was a frequent finding in OI patients. Vitamin D supplementation was mainly indicated along with drug therapy and calcium intake. Even if widely used in clinical practice, vitamin D supplementation for OI individuals still needs a better characterization and harmonized frame for its use in the clinical setting, as well as further studies focusing on its effect on bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gnoli
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Evelise Brizola
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Morena Tremosini
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Cecco
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40100 Bologna, Italy
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Araújo MM, Mendes MM, Costa LM, Lima RM, Lanham-New SA, Baiocchi de Carvalho KM, Botelho PB. Determinant factors of bone health after long-term of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2023; 108:111937. [PMID: 36640632 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate bone health and the potential influencing factors of bone metabolism disorders in adults ≥5 y after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients who were ≥5 y post-RYGB were invited. Bone health considered as bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in this study was assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry. We also assessed 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations, individual ultraviolet B radiation levels, serum ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid, anthropometric, and body composition. RESULTS The study evaluated 104 adults (90% women; 49.6 ± 9.1 y old; postoperative period 8.7 ± 2.2 y). Lumbar and femoral BMC and BMD were positively correlated to body mass index (BMI), appendicular lean mass (ALM), and negatively to %excess of weight loss (EWL). Femoral BMD was negatively correlated to age, and both femoral BMD and BMC were positively correlated to weekly exposed body part score. Sex, age, BMI, ALM, and weekly exposed body part score explained 35% and 54% of the total variance of femoral BMD and BMC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggested that older age, lower BMI, higher %EWL, lower ALM, and lower weekly body part exposure score are important determinants in lowering BMD and BMC parameters in long-term post-bariatric surgery individuals, rather than serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Morais Costa
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Moreno Lima
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Susan A Lanham-New
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Liao L, Wei X, Liu M, Gao Y, Yin Y, Zhou R. The Association Between Season and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:787-801. [PMID: 35764856 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing and inconsistent evidence of a relationship between hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) and season of delivery or conception. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the association between season and HDPs. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021285539). Four databases, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, were searched until September 29th, 2021. Two authors extracted data independently and used the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) to evaluate study quality. A random effects model and the Mantel-Haenszel method were used to calculate pooled Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to find the source of heterogeneity and Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for the risk of publication bias. Finally, twenty articles were included in the systematic review, and 11 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The quantitative analysis of the association between delivery season and HDPs showed that the odds of HDPs was higher in women who delivered in winter than in those who delivered in summer (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.38, P < 0.001) and all other seasons (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.03-1.34, P < 0.001). In the qualitative analysis of the association between conception season and HDPs, four of seven studies suggested that women who conceived in summer had a higher risk of HDPs than those who conceived in other seasons. Based on the evidence to date, we found weakly positive relationships between HDPs and summer conception and winter delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yijie Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangxue Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Dunlop E, Boorman JL, Hambridge TL, McNeill J, James AP, Kiely M, Nowson CA, Rangan A, Cunningham J, Adorno P, Atyeo P, Black LJ. Evidence of low vitamin D intakes in the Australian population points to a need for data-driven nutrition policy for improving population vitamin D status. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:203-215. [PMID: 35253289 PMCID: PMC10946753 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly one in four Australian adults is vitamin D deficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] < 50 nmol L-1 ) and current vitamin D intakes in the Australian population are unknown. Internationally, vitamin D intakes are commonly below recommendations, although estimates generally rely on food composition data that do not include 25(OH)D. We aimed to estimate usual vitamin D intakes in the Australian population. METHODS Nationally representative food consumption data were collected for Australians aged ≥ 2 years (n = 12,153) as part of the cross-sectional 2011-2013 Australian Health Survey (AHS). New analytical vitamin D food composition data for vitamin D3 , 25(OH)D3 , vitamin D2 and 25(OH)D2 were mapped to foods and beverages that were commonly consumed by AHS participants. Usual vitamin D intakes (µg day-1 ) by sex and age group were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. RESULTS Assuming a 25(OH)D bioactivity factor of 1, mean daily intakes of vitamin D ranged between 1.84 and 3.25 µg day-1 . Compared to the estimated average requirement of 10 µg day-1 recommended by the Institute of Medicine, more than 95% of people had inadequate vitamin D intakes. We estimated that no participant exceeded the Institute of Medicine's Upper Level of Intake (63-100 µg day-1 , depending on age group). CONCLUSIONS Usual vitamin D intakes in Australia are low. This evidence, paired with the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Australia, suggests that data-driven nutrition policy is required to safely increase dietary intakes of vitamin D and improve vitamin D status at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Dunlop
- Curtin School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityBentleyWAAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Anthony P. James
- Curtin School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityBentleyWAAustralia
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Caryl A. Nowson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition ResearchDeakin UniversityBurwoodVICAustralia
| | - Anna Rangan
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Judy Cunningham
- Curtin School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityBentleyWAAustralia
| | - Paul Adorno
- National Measurement InstitutePort MelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Paul Atyeo
- Australian Bureau of StatisticsBelconnenACTAustralia
| | - Lucinda J. Black
- Curtin School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityBentleyWAAustralia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI)Curtin UniversityBentleyWAAustralia
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11
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Clark KM, James AP, Ip HI, Dunlop E, Cunningham J, Adorno P, Dabos G, Black LJ. Comparison of measured and declared vitamin D concentrations in Australian fortified foods. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Effect of air-drying on the generation of vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 by pulsed UV irradiation in button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Khadilkar A, Kajale N, Oza C, Oke R, Gondhalekar K, Patwardhan V, Khadilkar V, Mughal Z, Padidela R. Vitamin D status and determinants in Indian children and adolescents: a multicentre study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16790. [PMID: 36202910 PMCID: PMC9537341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies performed on Indian children to assess vitamin-D status have been on small sample sizes, limited to specific geographical locations and used non-standard methods to measure 25(OH)D3. This multicentre study assessed 25(OH)D3 concentrations from dried blood spots (DBS) in 5–18-year-old Indian children and adolescents using a standardized protocol and identified factors contributing towards vitamin D deficiency. Cross-sectional, observational school-based study was conducted by multi-stage stratified random sampling. A city and nearby village were selected from 6 Indian states covering wide geographical areas. Demography, anthropometry, body-composition, dietary-intakes and DBS samples were collected. 25(OH)D3 was assessed from DBS using Liquid chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometry. Vitamin-D status was assessed in 2500 children; with additional data collected on a subset (n = 669) to assess predictors. Mean vitamin-D concentration was 45.8 ± 23.9 nmol/L, 36.8% of subjects had sufficient vitamin-D (> 50 nmol/L); rural subjects and boys had higher concentrations (p < 0.05). On regression analysis, younger age, female-gender, overweight and urban residence significantly contributed to deficiency. More than half the Indian children/adolescents were vitamin-D deficient or insufficient. Our study reinforces vitamin-D deficiency as a major public health problem and the need for supplementation, food fortification and educating the population as initiatives required to improve sufficiency status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Khadilkar
- Department of Growth and Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune, 411 001, India. .,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule University, Pune, India.
| | - Neha Kajale
- Department of Growth and Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune, 411 001, India.,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule University, Pune, India
| | - Chirantap Oza
- Department of Growth and Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune, 411 001, India
| | - Rashmi Oke
- Department of Growth and Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune, 411 001, India
| | - Ketan Gondhalekar
- Department of Growth and Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune, 411 001, India
| | - Vivek Patwardhan
- Department of Growth and Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune, 411 001, India
| | - Vaman Khadilkar
- Department of Growth and Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune, 411 001, India.,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule University, Pune, India
| | - Zulf Mughal
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Raja Padidela
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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14
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Kashinskaya TS, Shakhova NV, Lobanov YF, Kamaltynova EM. Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency/Deficiency and Their Role in Atopic Dermatitis Development and Course in Children. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v21i4.2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Various conclusive evidence on the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been obtained in recent decades. Many studies have shown that patients with AD have low concentration of 25(OH)D in blood associated with high concentration of allergen specific IgE (according to several reports). The analysis of low 25(OH)D concentration prevalence, association of vitamin D deficiency with AD severity and sensitization to allergens, and association of vitamin D disorders with risk of AD development is presented.
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15
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Cashman KD, Kehoe L, Kearney J, McNulty B, Walton J, Flynn A. Adequacy of calcium and vitamin D nutritional status in a nationally representative sample of Irish teenagers aged 13-18 years. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4001-4014. [PMID: 35780425 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND PURPOSE In light of the key roles of vitamin D and calcium in adolescent bone health, there is a critical need for representative data on nutritional status for both micronutrients in teenagers. The present work used data from the recent representative National Teens' Food Survey II (2019-2020) to assess calcium and vitamin D intakes of teenagers in Ireland, including adequacy of such intakes, as well as, for the first time, to characterise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and their determinants. METHODS Usual calcium and vitamin D intake estimates were generated using food intake data (via 4-day weighed food records) from a nationally representative sample of teenagers aged 13-18 years in Ireland (n 428). Serum 25(OH)D was measured (via LC-MS/MS) in the 57.5% (n 246) who provided a blood sample. RESULTS Sixty-seven and 94% of Irish teenagers had intakes of calcium and vitamin D below the respective Estimated Average Requirements values, reflecting a high degree of inadequacy of intake for both micronutrients (and higher in girls than boys; P < 0.001). In addition, 21.7% and 33.1% of teenagers had serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L (risk of vitamin D deficiency) and 30-49.9 nmol/L (inadequacy), respectively. Extended winter sampling, being aged 16-18 years, low total vitamin D intake, being overweight/obese or being of non-white skin type were significant (P < 0.05) predictors of serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of inadequacy of intake of calcium and vitamin D in Irish teenagers, and a fifth were at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Laura Kehoe
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Kearney
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breige McNulty
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Science Centre - South, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Influences of Vitamin D and Iron Status on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132717. [PMID: 35807896 PMCID: PMC9268405 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence of the roles vitamin D and iron have in isolation and combined in relation to muscle health. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the current literature on the roles that vitamin D and iron have on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function and how these nutrients are associated with skeletal muscle health in specific populations. Secondary purposes include exploring if low vitamin D and iron status are interrelated with skeletal muscle health and chronic inflammation and reviewing the influence of animal-source foods rich in these nutrients on health and performance. PubMed, Scopus, SPORT Discus, EMBAE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched to determine eligible studies. There was a positive effect of vitamin D on muscle mass, particularly in older adults. There was a positive effect of iron on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Studies reported mixed results for both vitamin D and iron on muscle strength and function. While vitamin D and iron deficiency commonly occur in combination, few studies examined effects on skeletal muscle health and inflammation. Isolated nutrients such as iron and vitamin D may have positive outcomes; however, nutrients within food sources may be most effective in improving skeletal muscle health.
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17
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Vitamin D status and associations with diet, objectively measured physical activity patterns and background characteristics among adolescents in a representative national cross-sectional survey. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1427-1437. [PMID: 35067271 PMCID: PMC9991641 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on vitamin D status, measured as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D), the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, and to explore associations between vitamin D status and background characteristics. DESIGN Data were collected in a National Dietary Survey, Riksmaten adolescents 2016-2017. The participants completed dietary assessments and questionnaires on the web and wore accelerometers. (25(OH)D) was measured with a MS method. SETTING Representative survey conducted in schools throughout Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Participants attended school years 5 (Y5, mean age 12. 5 years), 8 (Y8, mean age 14. 5 years) and 11 (Y11, mean age 18 years), and included 1100 participants. RESULTS Overall, there was no difference in plasma 25(OH)D between girls and boys. Vitamin D insufficiency differed between the three school years. The prevalence of insufficiency in Y5 was 32 (boys) and 48 (girls) percent, while in Y11 62 (boys) and 43 (girls) percent. The prevalence of deficiency in Y11 was 16 and 15 % in boys and girls, respectively. Being born outside of Sweden was associated with a 10-fold increased risk of being vitamin D deficient. Deficiency was also associated with longer time spent in sedentary intensity, a lower consumption of fortified dairy products and fats and oils. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was most common in the oldest age group and being born outside of Sweden increased the risk of being deficient. The present study will form a baseline for future follow-up studies of the implementation of a new mandatory vitamin D fortification policy in 2018.
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18
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Dunlop E, James AP, Cunningham J, Rangan A, Daly A, Kiely M, Nowson CA, Adorno P, Atyeo P, Black LJ. Vitamin D Fortification of Milk Would Increase Vitamin D Intakes in the Australian Population, but a More Comprehensive Strategy Is Required. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091369. [PMID: 35564091 PMCID: PMC9102334 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration < 50 nmol/L) is prevalent in Australia, ranging between 15% and 32% in the adolescent and adult populations. Vitamin D intakes are also low across the population and were recently estimated at 1.8−3.2 µg/day on average, assuming equal bioactivity of the D vitamers. In combination, these findings strongly suggest that data-driven nutrition policy is needed to increase vitamin D intake and improve status in the Australian population. Food fortification is a potential strategy. We used up-to-date vitamin D food composition data for vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, vitamin D2, and 25(OH)D2, and nationally representative food and supplement consumption data from the 2011−2013 Australian Health Survey, to model a fortification scenario of 0.8 µg/100 mL vitamin D for fluid dairy milks and alternatives. Under the modelled fortification scenario, the mean vitamin D intake increased by ~2 µg/day from baseline to 4.9 µg/day from food only (7.2 µg/day including supplements). Almost all individual intakes remained substantially below 10 µg/day, which is the Estimated Average Requirement in North America. In conclusion, this modelling showed that fortification of fluid milks/alternatives with vitamin D at the current permitted level would produce a meaningful increase in vitamin D intake, which could be of potential benefit to those with a low vitamin D status. However, this initial step would be insufficient to ensure that most of the population achieves the North American EAR for vitamin D intake. This approach could be included as an effective component of a more comprehensive strategy that includes vitamin D fortification of a range of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Dunlop
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (E.D.); (A.P.J.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Anthony P. James
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (E.D.); (A.P.J.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Judy Cunningham
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (E.D.); (A.P.J.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna Rangan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Alison Daly
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (E.D.); (A.P.J.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Caryl A. Nowson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
| | - Paul Adorno
- National Measurement Institute, 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia;
| | - Paul Atyeo
- Australian Bureau of Statistics, 45 Benjamin Way, Belconnen, ACT 2617, Australia;
| | - Lucinda J. Black
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (E.D.); (A.P.J.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Anouti FA, Ahmed LA, Riaz A, Grant WB, Shah N, Ali R, Alkaabi J, Shah SM. Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Associated Factors among Female Migrants in the United Arab Emirates. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051074. [PMID: 35268048 PMCID: PMC8912400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is important for bone health, and vitamin D deficiency could be linked to noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among female migrants from Philippines, Arab, and South Asian countries residing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We used a cross-sectional study to recruit a random sample (N = 550) of female migrants aged 18 years and over in the city of Al Ain, UAE. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ≤20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. The mean age of participants was 35 years (SD ± 10). The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 67% (95% CI 60-73%), with the highest rate seen in Arabs (87%), followed by South Asians (83%) and the lowest in Filipinas (15%). Multivariate analyses showed that low physical activity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.59; 95% CI 1.98, 10.63), having more than 5 years duration of residence in the UAE (aOR = 4.65; 95% CI: 1.31, 16.53) and being obese (aOR = 3.56; 95% CI 1.04, 12.20) were independently associated with vitamin D deficiency, after controlling for age and nationality. In summary, vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among female migrants, especially Arabs and South Asians. It is crucial that health professionals in the UAE become aware of this situation among this vulnerable subpopulation and provide intervention strategies aiming to rectify vitamin D deficiency by focusing more on sun exposure, physical activity, and supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Luai A. Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Azmat Riaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajman University, Ajman 20550, United Arab Emirates;
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA;
| | - Nadir Shah
- Planning and Development Division, Government of Gilgit Baltistan, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan;
| | - Raghib Ali
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Juma Alkaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Syed M. Shah
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 3500, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-971-3-713-7458
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21
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Cashman KD. Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: a review of the data. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0282. [PMID: 34860171 PMCID: PMC8789021 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, concern has been repeatedly raised about the little notable progress in the collection, analysis and use of population micronutrient status and deficiency data globally. The need for representative status and intake data for vitamin D has been highlighted as a research priority for well over a decade. AIM AND METHODS A narrative review which aims to provide a summary and assessment of vitamin D nutritional status data globally. This review divides the world into the Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO) major regions: the Americas, Europe, Oceania, Africa and Asia. Emphasis was placed on published data on the prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 25/30 and <50 nmol/L (reflecting vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy, respectively) as well as vitamin D intake, where possible from nationally representative surveys. RESULTS Collating data from the limited number of available representative surveys from individual countries might suggest a relatively low overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in South America, Oceania and North America, whereas there is more moderate prevalence in Europe and Asia, and possibly Africa. Overall, the prevalence of serum 25(OH)D < 25/30 and <50 nmol/L ranges from ~5 to 18% and 24 to 49%, respectively, depending on FAO world region. Usual intakes of vitamin D can also vary by FAO world region, but in general, with a few exceptions, there are very high levels of inadequacy of vitamin D intake. CONCLUSIONS While the burden of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy varies by world regions and not just by UVB availability, the global burden overall translates into enormous numbers of individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence should be addressed to K D Cashman:
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Ghelani D, Alesi S, Mousa A. Vitamin D and COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10559. [PMID: 34638897 PMCID: PMC8509048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has progressed rapidly from an outbreak to a global pandemic, with new variants rapidly emerging. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, can lead to multiorgan damage. Due to the extremely contagious and fatal nature of the virus, it has been a priority of medical research to find effective means of treatment. Amid this search, the role of vitamin D in modulating various aspects of the innate and adaptive immune system has been discussed. This review aims to consolidate the research surrounding the role of vitamin D in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. While there are some conflicting results reported, the consensus is that vitamin D has a host of immunomodulatory effects which may be beneficial in the context of COVID-19 and that low levels of vitamin D can result in dysfunction of crucial antimicrobial effects, potentially contributing to poor prognosis. Studies also show that the effects of low vitamin D can be mitigated via supplementation, although the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of COVID-19 remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.G.); (S.A.)
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