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Verney J, Lambert C, Isacco L, Beraud D, Boscaro A, Pereira B, Costes F, Rannou F, Julian V, Duclos M, Boirie Y, Thivel D, Bailly M. Similar maximal aerobic capacity but lower energy efficiency during low-to-moderate exercise in women with constitutional thinness: new results from the NUTRILEAN study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05540-0. [PMID: 38904774 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with constitutional thinness have been presented with a lower muscular energy metabolism at the cellular level but their effective aerobic capacities and exercise-related energy efficiency remains unexplored. The present study compares maximal and sub-maximal aerobic capacities between subjects with constitutional thinness and age-matched normal-weight ones. METHODS Anthropometric measures, body composition (Dual-X-ray absorptiometry), physical activity and sedentary time (GT3x actigraphs), and maximal aerobic capacities (cyclingV ˙ O 2peak test) were assessed in 18 constitutionally thin (CT-body mass index < 17.5 kg m-2) and 17 normal-weight (NW-body mass index between 20 and 25 kg m-2) women. Energy efficiency was assessed during a submaximal cycling test and a walking exercise. RESULTS CT had a lower body mass and body mass index compared to NW. Absolute peak oxygen uptake and maximal aerobic power were lower in CT subjects compared to NW (ES: - 1.63 [- 2.40; - 0.86] and - 1.32 [- 2.05; - 0.58], p < 0.001).V ˙ O 2peak related to body mass was not different between groups. Gross and net efficiency (ES: - 0.78 [- 1.48; - 0.06], p = 0.03 and ES: - 0.73 [- 1.43; - 0.01], p = 0.05) were lower in CT compared to NW during the submaximal cycling exercise. The gross energy cost of walking related to body mass was lower in subjects with CT (ES: - 1.80 [- 2.60; - 0.97, p = 0.05), with no difference for the net one. Perceived exertion was similar between groups in responses to both submaximal exercises. CONCLUSION Constitutionally thin women do not show impaired aerobic capacities at moderate to maximal intensities despite lower energy efficiency while cycling and walking at low-to-moderate intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Verney
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CS 60026, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France.
| | - Céline Lambert
- Biostatistics Unit, DRCI, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurie Isacco
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CS 60026, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Duane Beraud
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CS 60026, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Audrey Boscaro
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CS 60026, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, DRCI, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Rannou
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CS 60026, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Mélina Bailly
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CS 60026, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France
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Bailly M, Beraud D, Lambert C, Garnier YM, Pereira B, Duclos M, Boirie Y, Isacco L, Thivel D, Verney J. Constitutional thinness might be characterized by physiologically adapted and not impaired muscle function and architecture: new results from the NUTRILEAN study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05539-7. [PMID: 38900200 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While muscle mass and skeletal muscle fibers phenotype have been shown atypical in constitutional thinness (CT), force production capacities and its architectural determinants have never been explored. The present study compared muscle functionality and architecture between participants with CT and their normal-weight (NW) counterparts. METHODS Anthropometry, body composition (Dual-X-ray Absorptiometry), physical activity/sedentary behavior (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT), ultrasound recording of the Vastus Lateralis (2D-ultrasound system), and functional capacities at maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary contractions (MVCISO and MVCCON) during knee extension (isokinetic dynamometer chair Biodex) have been measured in 18 women with CT (body mass index < 17.5 kg/m2) and 17 NW women. RESULTS A lower fat-free mass (ES: -1.94, 95%CI: -2.76 to -1.11, p < 0.001), a higher sedentary time, and a trend for a lower time spent at low-intensity physical activity, were observed in CT vs NW participants. While absolute MVCISO, MVCCON, rate of torque development (RTD), and torque work were all markedly lower in CT, these differences disappeared when normalized to body or muscle mass. Muscle thickness and fascicle length were found lower in CT (ES: -1.29, 95%CI: -2.03 to -0.52, p < 0.001; and ES: -0.87, 95%CI: -1.58 to -0.15, p = 0.02, respectively), while pennation angle was found similar. CONCLUSION Despite lower absolute strength capacities observed in CT, present findings support the hypothesis of physiological adaptations to the low body and muscle mass than to some intrinsic contractile impairments. These results call for further studies exploring hypertrophy-targeted strategies in the management of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Bailly
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Duane Beraud
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Lambert
- Biostatistics Unit, DRCI, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoann M Garnier
- Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, EA3920, Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, DRCI, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurie Isacco
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Verney
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Boscaro A, Bailly M, Pereira B, Beraud D, Costes F, Julian V, Duclos M, Finlayson G, Thivel D, Boirie Y, Verney J. Post-exercise energy replacement might lead to reduced subsequent energy intake in women with constitutional thinness: Exploratory results from the NUTRILEAN project. Appetite 2024; 195:107203. [PMID: 38232805 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
While people with Constitutional Thinness (CT) declare a deep willingness to gain weight, there appetitive responses to energy balance manipulations remain unclear. The present work compares the effect of an acute exercise combined or not with an energy replacement load, on subsequent energy intake, appetite and food reward, between normal weight and women with CT. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (Dual X-ray absorptiometry-DXA) and aerobic capacity (VO2max) were assessed in 10 normal-weight (Body Mass Index-BMI): 20-25 kg/m2) and 10 C T (BMI<17.5 kg/m2) women (18-30 years). They randomly performed i) a resting session (CON); ii) an exercise session (EX); iii) an exercise session with energy replacement (EX + R). Their subsequent ad libitum intake, appetite feelings and food reward were evaluated (Leeds-Food-Preference-Questionnaire). CT showed a lower weight (p < 0,001), BMI(p < 0,001), Fat-Mass (%) (p = 0,003) and Fat-Free Mass (kg) (p < 0,001). CT showed a lower ad libitum energy intake on EX + R compared with CON (p = 0,008) and a higher Relative Energy Intake (REI) on CON compared with EX (p = 0,007) and EX + R (p < 0,001). A lower was observed during EX and EX + R compared with CON (p = 0,006,p = 0,009 respectively) in CT. No condition nor group effect was found for hunger. NW only showed a higher pre-meal fullness on EX + R compared to CON and EX (p < 0,001). Choice (p = 0,030), Explicit Liking (p = 0,016), Explicit Wanting (p = 0,004) and Implicit Wanting (p = 0,035) for taste were higher on EX + R than CON and EX. The decreased EI observed in CT when the exercise-induced energy expenditure is compensated by the ingestion of an equivalent energy load, might contribute to explain the difficulty to increase their energy balance and then induce weight gain. Further studies are needed to better understand their energy balance regulation to propose adapted weight gain strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Boscaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Mélina Bailly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Duane Beraud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
| | - David Thivel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julien Verney
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Boscaro A, Verney J, Tremblay A, King JA, Pereira B, Costes F, Julian V, Duclos M, Boirie Y, Thivel D, Bailly M. Challenges of considering both extremities of the weight status spectrum to better understand obesity: insights from the NUTRILEAN project in constitutionally thin individuals. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1171-1177. [PMID: 37553452 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES While the physiology of obesity has been so extensively investigated to date, only an extremely small number of studies (less than 50) have focused on the other extremity of the weight spectrum: constitutional thinness. Yet, this important state of underweight in the absence of any eating disorders provides a mirror model of obesity that might be particularly insightful in understanding obesity. Nevertheless, important methodological and recruitment-related issues appear when it comes to this complex constitutionally thin phenotype, as experienced by our research group with the realization of the ongoing NUTRILEAN clinical trial. To face this challenge, the present paper aims at identifying, analyzing, and discussing the quality of such recruitment processes in publications about constitutional thinness. METHODS In this order, a group of experts collectively created a new grading system to assess the level of rigour and quality achieved by each study based on different criteria. RESULTS The main results were that (i) metabolic-related biasing criteria were poorly observed despite being crucial, (ii) recruitment processes were not detailed enough and with sufficient explicitness, and (iii) recruiting among already identified patients would be associated with both higher sample sizes and better scores of quality. CONCLUSIONS The present work encourages investigators to adopt a high level of rigour despite the complexity and duration of recruitment processes for this specific population, and readers to pay close attention to the quality of recruitment when interpreting the data. To better understand obesity and its physiological adaptations, it seems essential not only to compare it to normal-weight conditions, but also to the other extremity of the weight status spectrum represented by constitutional thinness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Boscaro
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), UPR 3533, CRNH Auvergne, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julien Verney
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), UPR 3533, CRNH Auvergne, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - James A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), UPR 3533, CRNH Auvergne, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélina Bailly
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), UPR 3533, CRNH Auvergne, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zhao S, Xu X, You H, Ge J, Wu Q. Healthcare costs attributable to abnormal weight in China: evidence based on a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1927. [PMID: 37798694 PMCID: PMC10552200 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of abnormal weight is on the rise, presenting serious health risks and socioeconomic problems. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies on the medical cost savings that can be attained through the mitigation of abnormal weight. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of abnormal weight on healthcare costs in China. METHODS The study employed a 4-wave panel data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) between 2012 and 2018 (11,209 participants in each wave). Inpatient, non-inpatient and total healthcare costs were outcome variables. Abnormal weight is categorized based on body mass index (BMI). Initially, the two-part model was employed to investigate the impact of overweight/obesity and underweight on healthcare utilisation and costs, respectively. Subsequently, the estimated results were utilised to calculate the overweight/obesity attributable fraction (OAF) and the underweight attributable fraction (UAF). RESULTS In 2018, healthcare costs per person for overweight and obese population were estimated to be $607.51 and $639.28, respectively, and the underweight population was $755.55. In comparison to people of normal weight, individuals who were overweight/obese (OR = 1.067, p < 0.05) was more likely to utilise healthcare services. Overweight/obesity attributable fraction (OAF) was 3.90% of total healthcare costs and 4.31% of non-inpatient costs. Overweight/obesity does not result in additional healthcare expenditures for young people but increases healthcare costs for middle-aged adults (OAF = 7.28%) and older adults (OAF = 6.48%). The non-inpatient cost of underweight population was significantly higher than that of normal weight population (β = 0.060,p < 0.1), but the non-inpatient health service utilisation was not significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal weight imposes a huge economic burden on individuals, households and the society. Abnormal weight in Chinese adults significantly increased healthcare utilisation and costs, particular in non-inpatient care. It is recommended that government and relevant social agencies provide a better social environment to enhance individual self-perception and promote healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xinpeng Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
- Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hua You
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
- Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinjin Ge
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Wu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Garber AK, Bennett JP, Wong MC, Tian IY, Maskarinec G, Kennedy SF, McCarthy C, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Machen VI, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd JA. Cross-sectional assessment of body composition and detection of malnutrition risk in participants with low body mass index and eating disorders using 3D optical surface scans. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:812-821. [PMID: 37598747 PMCID: PMC10797509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New recommendations for the assessment of malnutrition and sarcopenia include body composition, specifically reduced muscle mass. Three-dimensional optical imaging (3DO) is a validated, accessible, and affordable alternative to dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). OBJECTIVE Identify strengths and weaknesses of 3DO for identification of malnutrition in participants with low body mass index (BMI) and eating disorders. DESIGN Participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional Shape Up! Adults and Kids studies of body shape, metabolic risk, and functional assessment and had BMI of <20 kg/m2 in adults or <85% of median BMI (mBMI) in children and adolescents. A subset was referred for eating disorders evaluation. Anthropometrics, scans, strength testing, and questionnaires were completed in clinical research centers. Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) assessed agreement between 3DO and DXA; multivariate linear regression analysis examined associations between weight history and body composition. RESULTS Among 95 participants, mean ± SD BMI was 18.3 ± 1.4 kg/m2 in adult women (N = 56), 19.0 ± 0.6 in men (N = 14), and 84.2% ± 4.1% mBMI in children (N = 25). Concordance was excellent for fat-free mass (FFM, CCC = 0.97) and strong for appendicular lean mass (ALM, CCC = 0.86) and fat mass (FM, CCC = 0.87). By DXA, 80% of adults met the low FFM index criterion for malnutrition, and 44% met low ALM for sarcopenia; 52% of children and adolescents were <-2 z-score for FM. 3DO identified 95% of these cases. In the subset, greater weight loss predicted lower FFM, FM, and ALM by both methods; a greater percentage of weight regained predicted a higher percentage of body fat. CONCLUSIONS 3DO can accurately estimate body composition in participants with low BMI and identify criteria for malnutrition and sarcopenia. In a subset, 3DO detected changes in body composition expected with weight loss and regain secondary to eating disorders. These findings support the utility of 3DO for body composition assessment in patients with low BMI, including those with eating disorders. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03637855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Garber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Jonathan P Bennett
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Hawai'i Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael C Wong
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Isaac Y Tian
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Samantha F Kennedy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Cassidy McCarthy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Nisa N Kelly
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yong E Liu
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vanessa I Machen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - John A Shepherd
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Fricke C, Voderholzer U. Endocrinology of Underweight and Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2023; 15:3509. [PMID: 37630700 PMCID: PMC10458831 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
More than any other mental illness, the course, prognosis, and therapy of anorexia nervosa are shaped by the physical changes associated with being underweight. This article provides an overview of the endocrine changes associated with malnutrition and underweight. This overview serves as a basis for understanding the other articles in this special issue, which deal with the health risks associated with being underweight. In this context, the differences between underweight in anorexia nervosa and in constitutional thinness are of particular importance in assessing the impact of intentional weight loss. In this context, the regulation of hunger and satiety deserves special interest, as this is the area in which the intentional influence on body weight comes into play. Clinical consequences on, for example, fertility, bone metabolism, the homeostasis of, for example, serum glucose levels, or body temperature have been observed for a long time; nonetheless, the medical responses, apart from vitamin supplementations and advice to gain weight, are still limited. Therefore, emphasis was placed on the potential improvement of outcomes through the administration of central or peripheral hormones. Studies were identified on PubMed via a selection of relevant keywords; original texts that were cited in reviews were studied where it was advantageous. This review found some promising data on bone health and the administration of transdermal oestrogen, which is not yet widely used, as well as distinct hormonal markers to differentiate between CT and AN. We concluded that the continuous efforts to investigate the role of endocrinology in underweight and/or anorexia nervosa lead to outcome benefits and that more and higher-powered studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- Schoen Klinik Roseneck, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany;
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Trends in Food Group Intake According to Body Size among Young Japanese Women: The 2001-2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194078. [PMID: 36235730 PMCID: PMC9572232 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike in many industrialised countries, the high proportion of young women who are underweight in Japan has been a long-term problem. We evaluated trends in food group intake according to body size among young Japanese women using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001-2019. Overall, 13,771 Japanese women aged 20-39 years were included. A 1-day household-based dietary record was used to estimate food intake. Foods were classified into 34 groups based on the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan. The trend of food group intake was analysed using the Joinpoint Regression Program. The proportion of young women who were underweight was consistently around 20%, while obesity among young women increased between 2001 (10%) and 2019 (13%). A decreased trend in fish and shellfish and seaweed intake and an increased trend in meat and soft drink intake were observed among young women. Decreased trends in the intake of fruit and dairy products were observed in young women who were not obese. An increased trend in the intake of confectionaries was observed in young women who were obese. This study suggests that the types of unhealthy eating habits may differ according to body size among young Japanese women.
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