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Ashaat EA, Ahmed HA, Elaraby NM, Fayez A, Metwally AM, Mekkawy MK, Hussen DF, Ashaat NA, Elhossini RM, ElAwady HA, Abdelgawad RHA, Gammal ME, Al Kersh MA, Saleh DA. The Diagnostic Value of Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Spectrum of Rare Neurological Disorders Associated with Cerebellar Atrophy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4949-4961. [PMID: 38153683 PMCID: PMC11249754 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Several neurological disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders have a genetic element with various clinical presentations ranging from mild to severe presentation. Neurological disorders are rare multifactorial disorders characterized by dysfunction and degeneration of synapses, neurons, and glial cells which are essential for movement, coordination, muscle strength, sensation, and cognition. The cerebellum might be involved at any time, either during development and maturation or later in life. Herein, we describe a spectrum of NDDs and NDs in seven patients from six Egyptian families. The core clinical and radiological features of our patients included dysmorphic features, neurodevelopmental delay or regression, gait abnormalities, skeletal deformities, visual impairment, seizures, and cerebellar atrophy. Previously unreported clinical phenotypic findings were recorded. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed followed by an in silico analysis of the detected genetic variants' effect on the protein structure. Three novel variants were identified in three genes MFSD8, AGTPBP1, and APTX, and other previously reported three variants have been detected in "TPP1, AGTPBP1, and PCDHGC4" genes. In this cohort, we described the detailed unique phenotypic characteristics given the identified genetic profile in patients with neurological "neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative disorders" disorders associated with cerebellar atrophy, hence expanding the mutational spectrum of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hoda A Ahmed
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesma M Elaraby
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaaeldin Fayez
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ammal M Metwally
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona K Mekkawy
- Human Cytogenetic Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Farouk Hussen
- Human Cytogenetic Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha M Elhossini
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mona El Gammal
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Dina Amin Saleh
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Chen J, Zehr EA, Gruschus JM, Szyk A, Liu Y, Tanner ME, Tjandra N, Roll-Mecak A. Tubulin code eraser CCP5 binds branch glutamates by substrate deformation. Nature 2024; 631:905-912. [PMID: 39020174 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Microtubule function is modulated by the tubulin code, diverse posttranslational modifications that are altered dynamically by writer and eraser enzymes1. Glutamylation-the addition of branched (isopeptide-linked) glutamate chains-is the most evolutionarily widespread tubulin modification2. It is introduced by tubulin tyrosine ligase-like enzymes and erased by carboxypeptidases of the cytosolic carboxypeptidase (CCP) family1. Glutamylation homeostasis, achieved through the balance of writers and erasers, is critical for normal cell function3-9, and mutations in CCPs lead to human disease10-13. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of the glutamylation eraser CCP5 in complex with the microtubule, and X-ray structures in complex with transition-state analogues. Combined with NMR analysis, these analyses show that CCP5 deforms the tubulin main chain into a unique turn that enables lock-and-key recognition of the branch glutamate in a cationic pocket that is unique to CCP family proteins. CCP5 binding of the sequences flanking the branch point primarily through peptide backbone atoms enables processing of diverse tubulin isotypes and non-tubulin substrates. Unexpectedly, CCP5 exhibits inefficient processing of an abundant β-tubulin isotype in the brain. This work provides an atomistic view into glutamate branch recognition and resolution, and sheds light on homeostasis of the tubulin glutamylation syntax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elena A Zehr
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James M Gruschus
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agnieszka Szyk
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Mahalingan KK, Grotjahn DA, Li Y, Lander GC, Zehr EA, Roll-Mecak A. Structural basis for α-tubulin-specific and modification state-dependent glutamylation. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01599-0. [PMID: 38658656 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Microtubules have spatiotemporally complex posttranslational modification patterns. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) enzymes introduce the most prevalent modifications on α-tubulin and β-tubulin. How TTLLs specialize for specific substrate recognition and ultimately modification-pattern generation is largely unknown. TTLL6, a glutamylase implicated in ciliopathies, preferentially modifies tubulin α-tails in microtubules. Cryo-electron microscopy, kinetic analysis and single-molecule biochemistry reveal an unprecedented quadrivalent recognition that ensures simultaneous readout of microtubule geometry and posttranslational modification status. By binding to a β-tubulin subunit, TTLL6 modifies the α-tail of the longitudinally adjacent tubulin dimer. Spanning two tubulin dimers along and across protofilaments (PFs) ensures fidelity of recognition of both the α-tail and the microtubule. Moreover, TTLL6 reads out and is stimulated by glutamylation of the β-tail of the laterally adjacent tubulin dimer, mediating crosstalk between α-tail and β-tail. This positive feedback loop can generate localized microtubule glutamylation patterns. Our work uncovers general principles that generate tubulin chemical and topographic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Mahalingan
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle A Grotjahn
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel C Lander
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elena A Zehr
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Biochemistry & Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Lin Y, Wang Y, Lai T, Teng J, Lin C, Ke C, Yu I, Lee H, Chan C, Tung C, Conrad DF, O'Bryan MK, Lin Y. Deleterious genetic changes in AGTPBP1 result in teratozoospermia with sperm head and flagella defects. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18031. [PMID: 37937809 PMCID: PMC10826451 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10%-15% of couples worldwide are infertile, and male factors account for approximately half of these cases. Teratozoospermia is a major cause of male infertility. Although various mutations have been identified in teratozoospermia, these can vary among ethnic groups. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing to identify genetic changes potentially causative of teratozoospermia. Out of seven genes identified, one, ATP/GTP Binding Protein 1 (AGTPBP1), was characterized, and three missense changes were identified in two patients (Affected A: p.Glu423Asp and p.Pro631Leu; Affected B: p.Arg811His). In those two cases, severe sperm head and tail defects were observed. Moreover, AGTPBP1 localization showed a fragmented pattern compared to control participants, with specific localization in the neck and annulus regions. Using murine models, we found that AGTPBP1 is localized in the manchette structure, which is essential for sperm structure formation. Additionally, in Agtpbp1-null mice, we observed sperm head and tail defects similar to those in sperm from AGTPBP1-mutated cases, along with abnormal polyglutamylation tubulin and decreasing △-2 tubulin levels. In this study, we established a link between genetic changes in AGTPBP1 and human teratozoospermia for the first time and identified the role of AGTPBP1 in deglutamination, which is crucial for sperm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hua Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryCardinal Tien HospitalNew TaipeiTaiwan
- Department of ChemistryFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Ya‐Yun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Hsuan Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCathay General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Jih‐Lung Teng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Chun Ke
- Department of UrologyEn Chu Kong HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - I‐Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Ling Lee
- Department of ChemistryFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chying‐Chyuan Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTaipei City Hospital, Zhongxing Branch and Branch for Women and ChildrenTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Hua Tung
- Program of Artificial Intelligence & Information SecurityFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Donald F. Conrad
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research CenterBeavertonOregonUSA
| | - Moira K. O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ying‐Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
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5
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McKenna ED, Sarbanes SL, Cummings SW, Roll-Mecak A. The Tubulin Code, from Molecules to Health and Disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2023; 39:331-361. [PMID: 37843925 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-030123-032748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential dynamic polymers composed of α/β-tubulin heterodimers. They support intracellular trafficking, cell division, cellular motility, and other essential cellular processes. In many species, both α-tubulin and β-tubulin are encoded by multiple genes with distinct expression profiles and functionality. Microtubules are further diversified through abundant posttranslational modifications, which are added and removed by a suite of enzymes to form complex, stereotyped cellular arrays. The genetic and chemical diversity of tubulin constitute a tubulin code that regulates intrinsic microtubule properties and is read by cellular effectors, such as molecular motors and microtubule-associated proteins, to provide spatial and temporal specificity to microtubules in cells. In this review, we synthesize the rapidly expanding tubulin code literature and highlight limitations and opportunities for the field. As complex microtubule arrays underlie essential physiological processes, a better understanding of how cells employ the tubulin code has important implications for human disease ranging from cancer to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D McKenna
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Stephanie L Sarbanes
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Steven W Cummings
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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6
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Pérez-Martín E, Pérez-Revuelta L, Barahona-López C, Pérez-Boyero D, Alonso JR, Díaz D, Weruaga E. Oleoylethanolamide Treatment Modulates Both Neuroinflammation and Microgliosis, and Prevents Massive Leukocyte Infiltration to the Cerebellum in a Mouse Model of Neuronal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119691. [PMID: 37298639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve an exacerbated neuroinflammatory response led by microglia that triggers cytokine storm and leukocyte infiltration into the brain. PPARα agonists partially dampen this neuroinflammation in some models of brain insult, but neuronal loss was not the triggering cause in any of them. This study examines the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of the PPARα agonist oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mouse, which exhibits striking neuroinflammation caused by aggressive loss of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining, we quantified changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, microglial density and marker-based phenotype, and overall leukocyte recruitment at different time points after OEA administration. OEA was found to modulate cerebellar neuroinflammation by increasing the gene expression of proinflammatory mediators at the onset of neurodegeneration and decreasing it over time. OEA also enhanced the expression of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factors and the Pparα gene. Regarding microgliosis, OEA reduced microglial density-especially in regions where it is preferentially located in PCD mice-and shifted the microglial phenotype towards an anti-inflammatory state. Finally, OEA prevented massive leukocyte infiltration into the cerebellum. Overall, our findings suggest that OEA may change the environment to protect neurons from degeneration caused by exacerbated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Pérez-Martín
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Revuelta
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Barahona-López
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Boyero
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José R Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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7
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Chen J, Roll-Mecak A. Glutamylation is a negative regulator of microtubule growth. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar70. [PMID: 37074962 PMCID: PMC10295482 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are noncovalent polymers built from αβ-tubulin dimers. The disordered C-terminal tubulin tails are functionalized with multiple glutamate chains of variable lengths added and removed by tubulin tyrosine ligases (TTLLs) and carboxypeptidases (CCPs). Glutamylation is abundant on stable microtubule arrays such as in axonemes and axons, and its dysregulation leads to human pathologies. Despite this, the effects of glutamylation on intrinsic microtubule dynamics are unclear. Here we generate tubulin with short and long glutamate chains and show that glutamylation slows the rate of microtubule growth and increases catastrophes as a function of glutamylation levels. This implies that the higher stability of glutamylated microtubules in cells is due to effectors. Interestingly, EB1 is minimally affected by glutamylation and thus can report on the growth rates of both unmodified and glutamylated microtubules. Finally, we show that glutamate removal by CCP1 and 5 is synergistic and occurs preferentially on soluble tubulin, unlike TTLL enzymes that prefer microtubules. This substrate preference establishes an asymmetry whereby once the microtubule depolymerizes, the released tubulin is reset to a less-modified state, while polymerized tubulin accumulates the glutamylation mark. Our work shows that a modification on the disordered tubulin tails can directly affect microtubule dynamics and furthers our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the tubulin code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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8
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CCP1, a Regulator of Tubulin Post-Translational Modifications, Potentially Plays an Essential Role in Cerebellar Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065335. [PMID: 36982413 PMCID: PMC10049023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic carboxypeptidase (CCP) 1 protein, encoded by CCP1, is expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). The dysfunction of CCP1 protein (caused by CCP1 point mutation) and the deletion of CCP1 protein (caused by CCP1 gene knockout) all lead to the degeneration of cerebellar PCs, which leads to cerebellar ataxia. Thus, two CCP1 mutants (i.e., Ataxia and Male Sterility [AMS] mice and Nna1 knockout [KO] mice) are used as disease models. We investigated the cerebellar CCP1 distribution in wild-type (WT), AMS and Nna1 KO mice on postnatal days (P) 7–28 to investigate the differential effects of CCP protein deficiency and disorder on cerebellar development. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies revealed significant differences in the cerebellar CCP1 expression in WT and mutant mice of P7 and P15, but no significant difference between AMS and Nna1 KO mice. Electron microscopy showed slight abnormality in the nuclear membrane structure of PCs in the AMS and Nna1 KO mice at P15 and significant abnormality with depolymerization and fragmentation of microtubule structure at P21. Using two CCP1 mutant mice strains, we revealed the morphological changes of PCs at postnatal stages and indicated that CCP1 played an important role in cerebellar development, most likely via polyglutamylation.
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Samur MB, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Gümüş H, Ali GG, Baykan B, Caglayan AO, Per H. Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration with Cerebellar Atrophy Syndrome: Severe Neuronal Degeneration and Cardiomyopathy with Loss of Tubulin Deglutamylase Cytosolic Carboxypeptidase 1. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a dynamic filamentous network with various cellular and developmental functions. The loss of cytosolic carboxypeptidase 1 (CCP1) causes neuronal death. Childhood-onset neurodegeneration with cerebellar atrophy (CONDCA, OMIM no.: 618276) is an extremely rare disease caused by ATP/GTP binding protein 1 (AGTPBP1) gene-related CCP1 dysfunction of microtubules affecting the cerebellum, spinal motor neurons, and peripheral nerves. Also, possible problems are expected in tissues where the cytoskeleton plays a dynamic role, such as cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we report a novel homozygous missense (NM_015239: c.2447A > C, p. Gln816Pro) variant in the AGTPBP1 gene that c.2447A > C variant has never been reported in a homozygous state in the Genome Aggregation (gnomAD; v2.1.1) database, identified by whole-exome sequencing in a patient with a seizure, dystonia, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-accompanying atrophy of caudate nuclei, putamen, and cerebellum. Unlike other cases in the literature, we expand the phenotype associated with AGTPBP1 variants to include dysmorphic features, idiopathic DCM which could be reversed with supportive treatments, seizure patterns, and radiological findings. These findings expanded the spectrum of the AGTPBP1 gene mutations and associated possible manifestations. Our study may help establish appropriate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for undiagnosed neurodegenerative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B. Samur
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - A. Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Hakan Gümüş
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Gumus Ali
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Baykan Baykan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Okay Caglayan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Per
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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10
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Disruption of tubulin-alpha4a polyglutamylation prevents aggregation of hyper-phosphorylated tau and microglia activation in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4192. [PMID: 35858909 PMCID: PMC9300677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissociation of hyper-phosphorylated Tau from neuronal microtubules and its pathological aggregates, are hallmarks in the etiology of tauopathies. The Tau-microtubule interface is subject to polyglutamylation, a reversible posttranslational modification, increasing negative charge at tubulin C-terminal tails. Here, we asked whether tubulin polyglutamylation may contribute to Tau pathology in vivo. Since polyglutamylases modify various proteins other than tubulin, we generated a knock-in mouse carrying gene mutations to abolish Tuba4a polyglutamylation in a substrate-specific manner. We found that Tuba4a lacking C-terminal polyglutamylation prevents the binding of Tau and GSK3 kinase to neuronal microtubules, thereby strongly reducing phospho-Tau levels. Notably, crossbreeding of the Tuba4a knock-in mouse with the hTau tauopathy model, expressing a human Tau transgene, reversed hyper-phosphorylation and oligomerization of Tau and normalized microglia activation in brain. Our data highlight tubulin polyglutamylation as a potential therapeutic strategy in fighting tauopathies. Pathologic oligomerization of hyper-phosphorylated Tau is a hallmark of tauopathies. Here the authors show that the loss of tubulin a4 polyglutamylation reverses tau hyperphosphorylation, oligomerization and microglia activation in a tauopathy mouse.
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11
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Bushart DD, Shakkottai VG. Vulnerability of Human Cerebellar Neurons to Degeneration in Ataxia-Causing Channelopathies. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:908569. [PMID: 35757096 PMCID: PMC9219590 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.908569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ion channel genes underlie a number of human neurological diseases. Historically, human mutations in ion channel genes, the so-called channelopathies, have been identified to cause episodic disorders. In the last decade, however, mutations in ion channel genes have been demonstrated to result in progressive neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, particularly with ion channels that are enriched in the cerebellum. This was unexpected given prior rodent ion channel knock-out models that almost never display neurodegeneration. Human ataxia-causing channelopathies that result in even haploinsufficiency can result in cerebellar atrophy and cerebellar Purkinje neuron loss. Rodent neurons with ion channel loss-of-function appear to, therefore, be significantly more resistant to neurodegeneration compared to human neurons. Fundamental differences in susceptibility of human and rodent cerebellar neurons in ataxia-causing channelopathies must therefore be present. In this review, we explore the properties of human neurons that may contribute to their vulnerability to cerebellar degeneration secondary to ion channel loss-of-function mutations. We present a model taking into account the known allometric scaling of neuronal ion channel density in humans and other mammals that may explain the preferential vulnerability of human cerebellar neurons to degeneration in ataxia-causing channelopathies. We also speculate on the vulnerability of cerebellar neurons to degeneration in mouse models of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) where ion channel transcript dysregulation has recently been implicated in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Bushart
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Vikram G. Shakkottai,
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12
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Lalonde R, Strazielle C. The AGTPBP1 gene in neurobiology. Gene 2022; 809:146001. [PMID: 34637898 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The function of the Agtpbp1 gene has mainly been delineated by studying Agtpbp1pcd (pcd) mutant mice, characterized by losses in cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells along with degeneration of retinal photoreceptors, mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, thalamic neurons, and alpha-motoneurons. As a result of cerebellar degeneration, cerebellar GABA and glutamate concentrations in Agtpbp1pcd mutants decreased while monoamine concentrations increased. The salient behavioral phenotypes include cerebellar ataxia, a loss in motor coordination, and cognitive deficits. Similar neuropathogical and behavioral profiles have been described in childhood-onset human subjects with biallelic variants of AGTPBP1, including cerebellar ataxia and hypotonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- University of Rouen, Dept Psychology, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), University of Lorraine Medical School, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
| | - Catherine Strazielle
- Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), University of Lorraine Medical School, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
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13
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Huang Z, Zhang H, Xing C, Zhang L, Zhu H, Deng Z, Yin L, Dong E, Wang C, Peng H. Identification and validation of CALCRL-associated prognostic genes in acute myeloid leukemia. Gene 2022; 809:146009. [PMID: 34655717 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, several advances have been made in the field of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), especially in the development of novel drugs. However, the overall survival rate remains particularly disappointing due to a high rate of chemotherapy resistance and relapse. The calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CALCRL) is a novel promising therapeutic target of AML and has been indicated to be strongly correlated with chemotherapy resistance and relapse driven by leukemic stem cells. Nevertheless, the CALCRL downstream genes associated with the drug resistance and relapse of AML remain to be elucidated. Within this study, we used multiple gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and cBioPortal to explore the candidate CALCRL-associated genes that could potentially mediate the chemoresistance and relapse of AML. Then, we investigated the prognostic value, coexpression relationship with CALCRL, and expression characteristics of these genes using independent data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Eventually, three genes were screened out as CALCRL-associated prognostic genes. The expression of AGTPBP1 and LYST was negatively correlated with CALCRL, high expression of which was associated with favorable prognosis in AML. In contrast, the expression of ETS2 was positively correlated with CALCRL, high expression of which was associated with poor prognosis in AML. The results indicated that the three prognostic genes are potential CALCRL downstream genes that mediate drug resistance and relapse in AML. This study helps to further explore the role and molecular pathways of CALCRL in mediating drug resistance and relapse of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineng Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Cheng Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Zeyu Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Le Yin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - En Dong
- Blood Center, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Canfei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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14
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Smith BJ, Carregari VC. Post-Translational Modifications During Brain Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1382:29-38. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05460-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Del Pilar C, Lebrón-Galán R, Pérez-Martín E, Pérez-Revuelta L, Ávila-Zarza CA, Alonso JR, Clemente D, Weruaga E, Díaz D. The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:773696. [PMID: 34916910 PMCID: PMC8671039 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.773696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of neurodegenerative diseases is reciprocally associated with impairments in peripheral immune responses. We investigated different contexts of selective neurodegeneration to identify specific alterations of peripheral immune cells and, at the same time, discover potential biomarkers associated to this pathological condition. Consequently, a model of human cerebellar degeneration and ataxia -the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mouse- has been employed, as it allows the study of different processes of selective neuronal death in the same animal, i.e., Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Infiltrated leukocytes were studied in both brain areas and compared with those from other standardized neuroinflammatory models obtained by administering either gamma radiation or lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, both myeloid and lymphoid splenic populations were analyzed by flow cytometry, focusing on markers of functional maturity and antigen presentation. The severity and type of neural damage and inflammation affected immune cell infiltration. Leukocytes were more numerous in the cerebellum of PCD mice, being located predominantly within those cerebellar layers mostly affected by neurodegeneration, in a completely different manner than the typical models of induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the milder degeneration of the olfactory bulb did not foster leukocyte attraction. Concerning the splenic analysis, in PCD mice we found: (1) a decreased percentage of several myeloid cell subsets, and (2) a reduced mean fluorescence intensity in those myeloid markers related to both antigen presentation and functional maturity. In conclusion, the selective degeneration of Purkinje cells triggers a specific effect on peripheral immune cells, fostering both attraction and functional changes. This fact endorses the employment of peripheral immune cell populations as concrete biomarkers for monitoring different neuronal death processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Pilar
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Lebrón-Galán
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.,SESCAM (Servicio de Salud de Castile-La-Mancha), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Ester Pérez-Martín
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Revuelta
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza
- IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Applied Statistics Group, Department of Statistics, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.,SESCAM (Servicio de Salud de Castile-La-Mancha), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- INCyL, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Baltanás FC, Berciano MT, Santos E, Lafarga M. The Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration with Cerebellar Atrophy (CONDCA) Disease Caused by AGTPBP1 Gene Mutations: The Purkinje Cell Degeneration Mouse as an Animal Model for the Study of this Human Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091157. [PMID: 34572343 PMCID: PMC8464709 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have identified rare, biallelic damaging variants of the AGTPBP1 gene that cause a novel and documented human disease known as childhood-onset neurodegeneration with cerebellar atrophy (CONDCA), linking loss of function of the AGTPBP1 protein to human neurodegenerative diseases. CONDCA patients exhibit progressive cognitive decline, ataxia, hypotonia or muscle weakness among other clinical features that may be fatal. Loss of AGTPBP1 in humans recapitulates the neurodegenerative course reported in a well-characterised murine animal model harbouring loss-of-function mutations in the AGTPBP1 gene. In particular, in the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mouse model, mutations in AGTPBP1 lead to early cerebellar ataxia, which correlates with the massive loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. In addition, neurodegeneration in the olfactory bulb, retina, thalamus and spinal cord were also reported. In addition to neurodegeneration, pcd mice show behavioural deficits such as cognitive decline. Here, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the structure and functional role of AGTPBP1 and discuss the various alterations in AGTPBP1 that cause neurodegeneration in the pcd mutant mouse and humans with CONDCA. The sequence of neuropathological events that occur in pcd mice and the mechanisms governing these neurodegenerative processes are also reported. Finally, we describe the therapeutic strategies that were applied in pcd mice and focus on the potential usefulness of pcd mice as a promising model for the development of new therapeutic strategies for clinical trials in humans, which may offer potential beneficial options for patients with AGTPBP1 mutation-related CONDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C. Baltanás
- Lab.1, CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca-CSIC and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923294801
| | - María T. Berciano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Lab.1, CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca-CSIC and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain;
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17
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Pérez-Martín E, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Moutin MJ, Ávila-Zarza CA, Muñoz-Castañeda JM, Del Pilar C, Alonso JR, Andrieux A, Díaz D, Weruaga E. Oleoylethanolamide Delays the Dysfunction and Death of Purkinje Cells and Ameliorates Behavioral Defects in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1748-1767. [PMID: 33829414 PMCID: PMC8609004 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endocannabinoid that has been proposed to prevent neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of OEA on the disruption of both cerebellar structure and physiology and on the behavior of Purkinje cell degeneration (PCD) mutant mice. These mice exhibit cerebellar degeneration, displaying microtubule alterations that trigger the selective loss of Purkinje cells and consequent behavioral impairments. The effects of different doses (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and administration schedules (chronic and acute) of OEA were assessed at the behavioral, histological, cellular, and molecular levels to determine the most effective OEA treatment regimen. Our in vivo results demonstrated that OEA treatment prior to the onset of the preneurodegenerative phase prevented morphological alterations in Purkinje neurons (the somata and dendritic arbors) and decreased Purkinje cell death. This effect followed an inverted U-shaped time-response curve, with acute administration on postnatal day 12 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) being the most effective treatment regimen tested. Indeed, PCD mice that received this specific OEA treatment regimen showed improvements in motor, cognitive and social functions, which were impaired in these mice. Moreover, these in vivo neuroprotective effects of OEA were mediated by the PPARα receptor, as pretreatment with the PPARα antagonist GW6471 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished them. Finally, our in vitro results suggested that the molecular effect of OEA was related to microtubule stability and structure since OEA administration normalized some alterations in microtubule features in PCD-like cells. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the use of OEA as a pharmacological agent to limit severe cerebellar neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Pérez-Martín
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- GIN, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Inserm, U121638000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carmelo A Ávila-Zarza
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Muñoz-Castañeda
- Department of Theoretical, Atomic and Optical Physics, University of Valladolid, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pilar
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José R Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Annie Andrieux
- GIN, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Inserm, U121638000, Grenoble, France
| | - David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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18
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Türay S, Eröz R, Başak AN. A novel pathogenic variant in the 3' end of the AGTPBP1 gene gives rise to neurodegeneration without cerebellar atrophy: an expansion of the disease phenotype? Neurogenetics 2021; 22:127-132. [PMID: 33909173 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-021-00643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Childhood-onset neurodegeneration with cerebellar atrophy (CONDCA) is a recently described form of the large group of infantile hereditary lower motor neuron diseases (Teoh et al. 2017), resulting from biallelic damaging variants in the AGTPBP1 gene, first described by Shashi et al. in EMBO J 37(23):e100540, 2018. AGTPBP-related neurodegeneration is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that progresses with global developmental delay and intellectual disability, often accompanied with peripheral nerve damage and lower motor degeneration and a fatal course in the early years of life. The encoded protein is ATP/GTP-Binding Protein1, also known as cytosolic carboxypeptidase 1 (CCP1) or nervous system nuclear protein induced by axotomy (NNA1). Here we report a consanguineous family with four offspring, two of whom are affected. The index patient is a 21-month-old male with global developmental delay and hypotonia. The proband's 17-year-old sister, diagnosed with cerebral palsy, had severe hypotonia accompanied by motor and cognitive retardation. WES analysis revealed a novel homozygous c.3293G > A variant in the AGTPBP1 gene with high pathogenicity scores. Targeted Sanger sequencing confirmed the variant in both affected children and in heterozygous form in the parents. The affected siblings present with hypotonia and motor and cognitive retardation, in line with the studies previously reported. However, in our patients, no signs of cerebellar atrophy in cranial MRI were present, so the acronym CONDCA is not applicable; lower motor neuron findings were also absent. The matching and distinguishing aspects of our patients will add to the present literature and expand our understanding of this rare genetic neurodegenerative disease of early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Türay
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Düzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, 81820, Turkey.
| | - Recep Eröz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Düzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey
| | - A Nazlı Başak
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, NDAL-KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Bodakuntla S, Janke C, Magiera MM. Tubulin polyglutamylation, a regulator of microtubule functions, can cause neurodegeneration. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135656. [PMID: 33482309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases lead to a progressive demise of neuronal functions that ultimately results in neuronal death. Besides a large variety of molecular pathways that have been linked to the degeneration of neurons, dysfunctions of the microtubule cytoskeleton are common features of many human neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, it is unclear whether microtubule dysfunctions are causative, or mere bystanders in the disease progression. A so-far little explored regulatory mechanism of the microtubule cytoskeleton, the posttranslational modifications of tubulin, emerge as candidate mechanisms involved in neuronal dysfunction, and thus, degeneration. Here we review the role of tubulin polyglutamylation, a prominent modification of neuronal microtubules. We discuss the current understanding of how polyglutamylation controls microtubule functions in healthy neurons, and how deregulation of this modification leads to neurodegeneration in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France.
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France.
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20
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Cirak S, Daimagüler HS, Moawia A, Koy A, Yis U. On the differential diagnosis of neuropathy in neurogenetic disorders. MED GENET-BERLIN 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2020-2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Neuropathy might be the presenting or accompanying sign in many neurogenetic and metabolic disorders apart from the classical-peripheral neuropathies or motor-neuron diseases. This causes a diagnostic challenge which is of particular relevance since a number of the underlying diseases could be treated. Thus, we attempt to give a clinical overview on the most common genetic diseases with clinically manifesting neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahattin Cirak
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Hülya-Sevcan Daimagüler
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Abubakar Moawia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Anne Koy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Uluc Yis
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
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21
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Moutin MJ, Bosc C, Peris L, Andrieux A. Tubulin post-translational modifications control neuronal development and functions. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:253-272. [PMID: 33325152 PMCID: PMC8246997 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are an essential component of the neuronal cytoskeleton; they are involved in various aspects of neuron development, maintenance, and functions including polarization, synaptic plasticity, and transport. Neuronal MTs are highly heterogeneous due to the presence of multiple tubulin isotypes and extensive post‐translational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs—most notably detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation—have emerged as important regulators of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. With this review, we summarize what is currently known about the impact of tubulin PTMs on microtubule dynamics, neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and transport as well as on brain function in normal and pathological conditions, in particular during neuro‐degeneration. The main therapeutic approaches to neuro‐diseases based on the modulation of tubulin PTMs are also summarized. Overall, the review indicates how tubulin PTMs can generate a large number of functionally specialized microtubule sub‐networks, each of which is crucial to specific neuronal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jo Moutin
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
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22
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The tubulin code and its role in controlling microtubule properties and functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:307-326. [PMID: 32107477 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are core components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton with essential roles in cell division, shaping, motility and intracellular transport. Despite their functional heterogeneity, microtubules have a highly conserved structure made from almost identical molecular building blocks: the tubulin proteins. Alternative tubulin isotypes and a variety of post-translational modifications control the properties and functions of the microtubule cytoskeleton, a concept known as the 'tubulin code'. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular components of the tubulin code and how they impact microtubule properties and functions. We discuss how tubulin isotypes and post-translational modifications control microtubule behaviour at the molecular level and how this translates into physiological functions at the cellular and organism levels. We then go on to show how fine-tuning of microtubule function by some tubulin modifications can affect homeostasis and how perturbation of this fine-tuning can lead to a range of dysfunctions, many of which are linked to human disease.
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23
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Bodakuntla S, Schnitzler A, Villablanca C, Gonzalez-Billault C, Bieche I, Janke C, Magiera MM. Tubulin polyglutamylation is a general traffic-control mechanism in hippocampal neurons. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs241802. [PMID: 31932508 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly complex cells that heavily rely on intracellular transport to distribute a range of functionally essential cargoes within the cell. Post-translational modifications of tubulin are emerging as mechanisms for regulating microtubule functions, but their impact on neuronal transport is only marginally understood. Here, we have systematically studied the impact of post-translational polyglutamylation on axonal transport. In cultured hippocampal neurons, deletion of a single deglutamylase, CCP1 (also known as AGTPBP1), is sufficient to induce abnormal accumulation of polyglutamylation, i.e. hyperglutamylation. We next investigated how hyperglutamylation affects axonal transport of a range of functionally different neuronal cargoes: mitochondria, lysosomes, LAMP1 endosomes and BDNF vesicles. Strikingly, we found a reduced motility for all these cargoes, suggesting that polyglutamylation could act as a regulator of cargo transport in neurons. This, together with the recent discovery that hyperglutamylation induces neurodegeneration, makes it likely that perturbed neuronal trafficking could be one of the central molecular causes underlying this novel type of degeneration.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne Schnitzler
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Genetics, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Cristopher Villablanca
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Genetics, F-75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Díaz D, Del Pilar C, Carretero J, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. Daily bone marrow cell transplantations for the management of fast neurodegenerative processes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1702-1711. [PMID: 31272136 DOI: 10.1002/term.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has been proven to be a promising treatment for fighting neurodegenerative diseases. As neuronal replacement presents undeniable complications, the neuroprotection of live neurons arises as the most suitable therapeutic approach. Accordingly, the earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the prognosis. However, these diseases are commonly diagnosed when symptoms have already progressed towards an irreversible degenerative stage. This problem is especially dramatic when neurodegeneration is aggressive and rapidly progresses. One of the most interesting approaches for neuroprotection is the fusion between healthy bone marrow-derived cells and neurons, as the former can provide the latter with regular/protective genes without harming brain parenchyma. So far, this phenomenon has only been identified in Purkinje cells, whose death is the cause of different diseases like cerebellar ataxias. Here we have employed a model of aggressive cerebellar neurodegeneration, the Purkinje Cell Degeneration mouse, to optimize a cell therapy based on bone marrow-derived cell and cell fusion. Our findings show that the substitution of bone marrow in diseased animals by healthy bone marrow, even prior to the onset of neurodegeneration, is not fast enough to stop neuronal loss in time. Conversely, avoiding bone marrow replacement and ensuring a regular supply of healthy cells through continuous, daily transplants, the neurodegenerative milieu of PCD is enough to attract those transplanted elements. Furthermore, in the most affected cerebellar regions, more than a half of surviving neurons undergo a process of cell fusion. Therefore, this method deserves consideration as a means to impede neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pilar
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Carretero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
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