1
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Lai R, Rummey C, Amlang CJ, Lin CR, Chen TX, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann JD, Paulson H, Ying SH, Onyike CU, Zesiewicz TA, Bushara KO, Geschwind MD, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Subramony SH, Burns MR, Opal P, Duquette A, Ashizawa T, Hamedani AG, Davis MY, Srinivasan SR, Moore LR, Shakkottai VG, Rosenthal LS, Kuo S. Fatigue Impacts Quality of Life in People with Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:496-503. [PMID: 38419568 PMCID: PMC11078491 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a prevalent and debilitating symptom in neurological disorders, including spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). However, the risk factors of fatigue in the SCAs as well as its impact have not been well investigated. OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of fatigue in SCAs, the factors contributing to fatigue, and the influence of fatigue on quality of life. METHODS Fatigue was assessed in 418 participants with SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6 from the Clinical Research Consortium for the Study of Cerebellar Ataxia using the Fatigue Severity Scale. We conducted multi-variable linear regression models to examine the factors contributing to fatigue as well as the association between fatigue and quality of life. RESULTS Fatigue was most prevalent in SCA3 (52.6%), followed by SCA1 (36.7%), SCA6 (35.7%), and SCA2 (35.6%). SCA cases with fatigue had more severe ataxia and worse depressive symptoms. In SCA3, those with fatigue had a longer disease duration and longer pathological CAG repeat numbers. In multi-variable models, depressive symptoms, but not ataxia severity, were associated with more severe fatigue. Fatigue, independent of ataxia and depression, contributed to worse quality of life in SCA3 and SCA6 at baseline, and fatigue continued affecting quality of life throughout the disease course in all types of SCA. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue is a common symptom in SCAs and is closely related to depression. Fatigue significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Therefore, screening for fatigue should be considered a part of standard clinical care for SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo‐Yah Lai
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and TremorColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Christian J. Amlang
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and TremorColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologySUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklyn, New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Chi‐Ying R. Lin
- Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Centers, Department of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Tiffany X. Chen
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and TremorColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of NeurologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Jeremy D. Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Sarah H. Ying
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Chiadi U. Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Khalaf O. Bushara
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Michael D. Geschwind
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Stefan M. Pulst
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Sub H. Subramony
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Matthew R. Burns
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Antoine Duquette
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
| | | | - Ali G. Hamedani
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and Epidemiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Marie Y. Davis
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Neurology DivisionVA Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUnited States
| | | | | | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | | | - Sheng‐Han Kuo
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and TremorColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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2
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Tejwani L, Ravindra NG, Lee C, Cheng Y, Nguyen B, Luttik K, Ni L, Zhang S, Morrison LM, Gionco J, Xiang Y, Yoon J, Ro H, Haidery F, Grijalva RM, Bae E, Kim K, Martuscello RT, Orr HT, Zoghbi HY, McLoughlin HS, Ranum LPW, Shakkottai VG, Faust PL, Wang S, van Dijk D, Lim J. Longitudinal single-cell transcriptional dynamics throughout neurodegeneration in SCA1. Neuron 2024; 112:362-383.e15. [PMID: 38016472 PMCID: PMC10922326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a protracted process involving progressive changes in myriad cell types that ultimately results in the death of vulnerable neuronal populations. To dissect how individual cell types within a heterogeneous tissue contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of a neurodegenerative disorder, we performed longitudinal single-nucleus RNA sequencing of mouse and human spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) cerebellar tissue, establishing continuous dynamic trajectories of each cell population. Importantly, we defined the precise transcriptional changes that precede loss of Purkinje cells and, for the first time, identified robust early transcriptional dysregulation in unipolar brush cells and oligodendroglia. Finally, we applied a deep learning method to predict disease state accurately and identified specific features that enable accurate distinction of wild-type and SCA1 cells. Together, this work reveals new roles for diverse cerebellar cell types in SCA1 and provides a generalizable analysis framework for studying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Tejwani
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Neal G Ravindra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Changwoo Lee
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yubao Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Billy Nguyen
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kimberly Luttik
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Luhan Ni
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shupei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Logan M Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Gionco
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yangfei Xiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Hannah Ro
- Yale College, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Rosalie M Grijalva
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Kristen Kim
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Regina T Martuscello
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hayley S McLoughlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Laura P W Ranum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, College of Medicine, Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - David van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Janghoo Lim
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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3
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Selvadurai LP, Perlman SL, Ashizawa T, Wilmot GR, Onyike CU, Rosenthal LS, Shakkottai VG, Paulson HL, Subramony SH, Bushara KO, Kuo SH, Dietiker C, Geschwind MD, Nelson AB, Gomez CM, Opal P, Zesiewicz TA, Hawkins T, Yacoubian TA, Nopoulos PC, Sha SJ, Morrison PE, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Schmahmann JD. The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome Scale in Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Cerebellum 2024:10.1007/s12311-023-01651-0. [PMID: 38165578 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome (CCAS) manifests as impaired executive control, linguistic processing, visual spatial function, and affect regulation. The CCAS has been described in the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), but its prevalence is unknown. We analyzed results of the CCAS/Schmahmann Scale (CCAS-S), developed to detect and quantify CCAS, in two natural history studies of 309 individuals Symptomatic for SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, or SCA8, 26 individuals Pre-symptomatic for SCA1 or SCA3, and 37 Controls. We compared total raw scores, domain scores, and total fail scores between Symptomatic, Pre-symptomatic, and Control cohorts, and between SCA types. We calculated scale sensitivity and selectivity based on CCAS category designation among Symptomatic individuals and Controls, and correlated CCAS-S performance against age and education, and in Symptomatic patients, against genetic repeat length, onset age, disease duration, motor ataxia, depression, and fatigue. Definite CCAS was identified in 46% of the Symptomatic group. False positive rate among Controls was 5.4%. Symptomatic individuals had poorer global CCAS-S performance than Controls, accounting for age and education. The domains of semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, and category switching that tap executive function and linguistic processing consistently separated Symptomatic individuals from Controls. CCAS-S scores correlated most closely with motor ataxia. Controls were similar to Pre-symptomatic individuals whose nearness to symptom onset was unknown. The use of the CCAS-S identifies a high CCAS prevalence in a large cohort of SCA patients, underscoring the utility of the scale and the notion that the CCAS is the third cornerstone of clinical ataxiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa P Selvadurai
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Susan L Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George R Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sub H Subramony
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf O Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cameron Dietiker
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Puneet Opal
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theresa A Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida Ataxia Research Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Trevor Hawkins
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Talene A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peggy C Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sharon J Sha
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter E Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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4
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Tidball AM, Niu W, Ma Q, Takla TN, Walker JC, Margolis JL, Mojica-Perez SP, Sudyk R, Deng L, Moore SJ, Chopra R, Shakkottai VG, Murphy GG, Yuan Y, Isom LL, Li JZ, Parent JM. Deriving early single-rosette brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2498-2514. [PMID: 37995702 PMCID: PMC10724074 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain organoid methods are complicated by multiple rosette structures and morphological variability. We have developed a human brain organoid technique that generates self-organizing, single-rosette cortical organoids (SOSR-COs) with reproducible size and structure at early timepoints. Rather than patterning a 3-dimensional embryoid body, we initiate brain organoid formation from a 2-dimensional monolayer of human pluripotent stem cells patterned with small molecules into neuroepithelium and differentiated to cells of the developing dorsal cerebral cortex. This approach recapitulates the 2D to 3D developmental transition from neural plate to neural tube. Most monolayer fragments form spheres with a single central lumen. Over time, the SOSR-COs develop appropriate progenitor and cortical laminar cell types as shown by immunocytochemistry and single-cell RNA sequencing. At early time points, this method demonstrates robust structural phenotypes after chemical teratogen exposure or when modeling a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, and should prove useful for studies of human brain development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Tidball
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Taylor N Takla
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Clayton Walker
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua L Margolis
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Roksolana Sudyk
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shannon J Moore
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ravi Chopra
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yukun Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lori L Isom
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Morrison LM, Huang H, Handler HP, Fu M, Bushart DD, Pappas SS, Orr HT, Shakkottai VG. Increased intrinsic membrane excitability is associated with hypertrophic olivary degeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.23.563657. [PMID: 37961407 PMCID: PMC10634770 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the characteristic areas of brainstem degeneration across multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) is the inferior olive (IO), a medullary nucleus that plays a key role in motor learning. In addition to its vulnerability in SCAs, the IO is also susceptible to a distinct pathology known as hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD). Clinically, HOD has been exclusively observed after lesions in the brainstem disrupt inhibitory afferents to the IO. Here, for the first time, we describe HOD in another context: spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Using the genetically-precise SCA1 knock-in mouse model (SCA1-KI; both sexes used), we assessed SCA1-associated changes in IO neuron structure and function. Concurrent with degeneration, we found that SCA1-KI IO neurons are hypertrophic, exhibiting early dendrite lengthening and later somatic expansion. Unlike in previous descriptions of HOD, we observed no clear loss of IO inhibitory innervation; nevertheless, patch-clamp recordings from brainstem slices reveal that SCA1-KI IO neurons are hyperexcitable. Rather than synaptic disinhibition, we identify increases in intrinsic membrane excitability as the more likely mechanism underlying this novel SCA1 phenotype. Specifically, transcriptome analysis indicates that SCA1-KI IO hyperexcitability is associated with a reduced medullary expression of ion channels responsible for spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in IO neurons - a result that has a functional consequence, as SCA1-KI IO neuron spikes exhibit a diminished AHP. These results reveal membrane excitability as a potential link between disparate causes of IO degeneration, suggesting that HOD can result from any cause, intrinsic or extrinsic, that increases excitability of the IO neuron membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M. Morrison
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Haoran Huang
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Hillary P. Handler
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Minnesota Fairview Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Min Fu
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David D. Bushart
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Samuel S. Pappas
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Harry T. Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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6
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Selvadurai LP, Perlman SL, Wilmot GR, Subramony SH, Gomez CM, Ashizawa T, Paulson HL, Onyike CU, Rosenthal LS, Sair HI, Kuo SH, Ratai EM, Zesiewicz TA, Bushara KO, Öz G, Dietiker C, Geschwind MD, Nelson AB, Opal P, Yacoubian TA, Nopoulos PC, Shakkottai VG, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Morrison PE, Schmahmann JD. The S-Factor, a New Measure of Disease Severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Findings and Implications. Cerebellum 2023; 22:790-809. [PMID: 35962273 PMCID: PMC10363993 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders, but there is no metric that predicts disease severity over time. We hypothesized that by developing a new metric, the Severity Factor (S-Factor) using immutable disease parameters, it would be possible to capture disease severity independent of clinical rating scales. Extracting data from the CRC-SCA and READISCA natural history studies, we calculated the S-Factor for 438 participants with symptomatic SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6, as follows: ((length of CAG repeat expansion - maximum normal repeat length) /maximum normal repeat length) × (current age - age at disease onset) × 10). Within each SCA type, the S-Factor at the first Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) visit (baseline) was correlated against scores on SARA and other motor and cognitive assessments. In 281 participants with longitudinal data, the slope of the S-Factor over time was correlated against slopes of scores on SARA and other motor rating scales. At baseline, the S-Factor showed moderate-to-strong correlations with SARA and other motor rating scales at the group level, but not with cognitive performance. Longitudinally the S-Factor slope showed no consistent association with the slope of performance on motor scales. Approximately 30% of SARA slopes reflected a trend of non-progression in motor symptoms. The S-Factor is an observer-independent metric of disease burden in SCAs. It may be useful at the group level to compare cohorts at baseline in clinical studies. Derivation and examination of the S-factor highlighted challenges in the use of clinical rating scales in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa P Selvadurai
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George R Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sub H Subramony
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haris I Sair
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Ratai
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theresa A Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf O Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cameron Dietiker
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Talene A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peggy C Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter E Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Huang H, Shakkottai VG. Targeting Ion Channels and Purkinje Neuron Intrinsic Membrane Excitability as a Therapeutic Strategy for Cerebellar Ataxia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1350. [PMID: 37374132 DOI: 10.3390/life13061350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In degenerative neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, a convergence of widely varying insults results in a loss of dopaminergic neurons and, thus, the motor symptoms of the disease. Dopamine replacement therapy with agents such as levodopa is a mainstay of therapy. Cerebellar ataxias, a heterogeneous group of currently untreatable conditions, have not been identified to have a shared physiology that is a target of therapy. In this review, we propose that perturbations in cerebellar Purkinje neuron intrinsic membrane excitability, a result of ion channel dysregulation, is a common pathophysiologic mechanism that drives motor impairment and vulnerability to degeneration in cerebellar ataxias of widely differing genetic etiologies. We further propose that treatments aimed at restoring Purkinje neuron intrinsic membrane excitability have the potential to be a shared therapy in cerebellar ataxia akin to levodopa for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Huang
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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8
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Malik AM, Wu JJ, Gillies CA, Doctrove QA, Li X, Huang H, Tank EHM, Shakkottai VG, Barmada S. Neuronal activity regulates Matrin 3 abundance and function in a calcium-dependent manner through calpain-mediated cleavage and calmodulin binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206217120. [PMID: 37011198 PMCID: PMC10104577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206217120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein (RBP) dysfunction is a fundamental hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related neuromuscular disorders. Abnormal neuronal excitability is also a conserved feature in ALS patients and disease models, yet little is known about how activity-dependent processes regulate RBP levels and functions. Mutations in the gene encoding the RBP Matrin 3 (MATR3) cause familial disease, and MATR3 pathology has also been observed in sporadic ALS, suggesting a key role for MATR3 in disease pathogenesis. Here, we show that glutamatergic activity drives MATR3 degradation through an NMDA receptor-, Ca2+-, and calpain-dependent mechanism. The most common pathogenic MATR3 mutation renders it resistant to calpain degradation, suggesting a link between activity-dependent MATR3 regulation and disease. We also demonstrate that Ca2+ regulates MATR3 through a nondegradative process involving the binding of Ca2+/calmodulin to MATR3 and inhibition of its RNA-binding ability. These findings indicate that neuronal activity impacts both the abundance and function of MATR3, underscoring the effect of activity on RBPs and providing a foundation for further study of Ca2+-coupled regulation of RBPs implicated in ALS and related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Malik
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Josephine J. Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Christie A. Gillies
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Quinlan A. Doctrove
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Postbac Research Education Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Xingli Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Haoran Huang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | | | - Sami Barmada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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9
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Srinivasan SR, Huang H, Chang WC, Nasburg JA, Nguyen HM, Strassmaier T, Wulff H, Shakkottai VG. Discovery of Novel Activators of Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels for the Treatment of Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 102:438-449. [PMID: 35489717 PMCID: PMC9341255 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cerebellar Purkinje neuron firing resulting from reduced expression of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels is a consistent feature in models of inherited neurodegenerative spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). Restoring BK channel expression improves motor function and delays cerebellar degeneration, indicating that BK channels are an attractive therapeutic target. Current BK channel activators lack specificity and potency and are therefore poor templates for future drug development. We implemented an automated patch clamp platform for high-throughput drug discovery of BK channel activators using the Nanion SyncroPatch 384PE system. We screened over 15,000 compounds for their ability to increase BK channel current amplitude under conditions of lower intracellular calcium that is present in disease. We identified several novel BK channel activators that were then retested on the SyncroPatch 384PE to generate concentration-response curves (CRCs). Compounds with favorable CRCs were subsequently tested for their ability to improve irregular cerebellar Purkinje neuron spiking, characteristic of BK channel dysfunction in SCA1 mice. We identified a novel BK channel activator, 4-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-cyanophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonamide (herein renamed BK-20), that exhibited a more potent half-maximal activation of BK current (pAC50 = 4.64) than NS-1619 (pAC50 = 3.7) at a free internal calcium concentration of 270 nM in a heterologous expression system and improved spiking regularity in SCA1 Purkinje neurons. BK-20 had no activity on small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK)1-3 channels but interestingly was a potent blocker of the T-type calcium channel, Cav3.1 (IC50 = 1.05 μM). Our work describes both a novel compound for further drug development in disorders with irregular Purkinje spiking and a unique platform for drug discovery in degenerative ataxias. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Motor impairment associated with altered Purkinje cell spiking due to dysregulation of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel expression and function is a shared feature of disease in many degenerative ataxias. BK channel activators represent an outstanding therapeutic agent for ataxia. We have developed a high-throughput platform to screen for BK channel activators and identified a novel compound that can serve as a template for future drug development for the treatment of these disabling disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan R Srinivasan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts (S.R.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Dallas, Texas (H.H., V.G.S.); University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.R.S., W.-C.C.); University of California, Davis, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, California (J.A.N., H.M.N., H.W.); and Nanion Technologies, Munich, Germany (T.S.)
| | - Haoran Huang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts (S.R.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Dallas, Texas (H.H., V.G.S.); University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.R.S., W.-C.C.); University of California, Davis, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, California (J.A.N., H.M.N., H.W.); and Nanion Technologies, Munich, Germany (T.S.)
| | - Wei-Chih Chang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts (S.R.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Dallas, Texas (H.H., V.G.S.); University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.R.S., W.-C.C.); University of California, Davis, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, California (J.A.N., H.M.N., H.W.); and Nanion Technologies, Munich, Germany (T.S.)
| | - Joshua A Nasburg
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts (S.R.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Dallas, Texas (H.H., V.G.S.); University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.R.S., W.-C.C.); University of California, Davis, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, California (J.A.N., H.M.N., H.W.); and Nanion Technologies, Munich, Germany (T.S.)
| | - Hai M Nguyen
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts (S.R.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Dallas, Texas (H.H., V.G.S.); University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.R.S., W.-C.C.); University of California, Davis, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, California (J.A.N., H.M.N., H.W.); and Nanion Technologies, Munich, Germany (T.S.)
| | - Tim Strassmaier
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts (S.R.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Dallas, Texas (H.H., V.G.S.); University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.R.S., W.-C.C.); University of California, Davis, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, California (J.A.N., H.M.N., H.W.); and Nanion Technologies, Munich, Germany (T.S.)
| | - Heike Wulff
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts (S.R.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Dallas, Texas (H.H., V.G.S.); University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.R.S., W.-C.C.); University of California, Davis, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, California (J.A.N., H.M.N., H.W.); and Nanion Technologies, Munich, Germany (T.S.)
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts (S.R.S.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Dallas, Texas (H.H., V.G.S.); University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.R.S., W.-C.C.); University of California, Davis, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, California (J.A.N., H.M.N., H.W.); and Nanion Technologies, Munich, Germany (T.S.)
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10
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Bushart DD, Shakkottai VG. Vulnerability of Human Cerebellar Neurons to Degeneration in Ataxia-Causing Channelopathies. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:908569. [PMID: 35757096 PMCID: PMC9219590 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.908569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ion channel genes underlie a number of human neurological diseases. Historically, human mutations in ion channel genes, the so-called channelopathies, have been identified to cause episodic disorders. In the last decade, however, mutations in ion channel genes have been demonstrated to result in progressive neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, particularly with ion channels that are enriched in the cerebellum. This was unexpected given prior rodent ion channel knock-out models that almost never display neurodegeneration. Human ataxia-causing channelopathies that result in even haploinsufficiency can result in cerebellar atrophy and cerebellar Purkinje neuron loss. Rodent neurons with ion channel loss-of-function appear to, therefore, be significantly more resistant to neurodegeneration compared to human neurons. Fundamental differences in susceptibility of human and rodent cerebellar neurons in ataxia-causing channelopathies must therefore be present. In this review, we explore the properties of human neurons that may contribute to their vulnerability to cerebellar degeneration secondary to ion channel loss-of-function mutations. We present a model taking into account the known allometric scaling of neuronal ion channel density in humans and other mammals that may explain the preferential vulnerability of human cerebellar neurons to degeneration in ataxia-causing channelopathies. We also speculate on the vulnerability of cerebellar neurons to degeneration in mouse models of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) where ion channel transcript dysregulation has recently been implicated in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Bushart
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Vikram G. Shakkottai,
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11
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Jabri S, Bushart DD, Kinnaird C, Bao T, Bu A, Shakkottai VG, Sienko KH. Preliminary Study of Vibrotactile Feedback during Home-Based Balance and Coordination Training in Individuals with Cerebellar Ataxia. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22093512. [PMID: 35591203 PMCID: PMC9103288 DOI: 10.3390/s22093512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Intensive balance and coordination training is the mainstay of treatment for symptoms of impaired balance and mobility in individuals with hereditary cerebellar ataxia. In this study, we compared the effects of home-based balance and coordination training with and without vibrotactile SA for individuals with hereditary cerebellar ataxia. Ten participants (five males, five females; 47 ± 12 years) with inherited forms of cerebellar ataxia were recruited to participate in a 12-week crossover study during which they completed two six-week blocks of balance and coordination training with and without vibrotactile SA. Participants were instructed to perform balance and coordination exercises five times per week using smartphone balance trainers that provided written, graphic, and video guidance and measured trunk sway. The pre-, per-, and post-training performance were assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), SARAposture&gait sub-scores, Dynamic Gait Index, modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance, Timed Up and Go performed with and without a cup of water, and multiple kinematic measures of postural sway measured with a single inertial measurement unit placed on the participants’ trunks. To explore the effects of training with and without vibrotactile SA, we compared the changes in performance achieved after participants completed each six-week block of training. Among the seven participants who completed both blocks of training, the change in the SARA scores and SARAposture&gait sub-scores following training with vibrotactile SA was not significantly different from the change achieved following training without SA (p>0.05). However, a trend toward improved SARA scores and SARAposture&gait sub-scores was observed following training with vibrotactile SA; compared to their pre-vibrotacile SA training scores, participants significantly improved their SARA scores (mean=−1.21, p=0.02) and SARAposture&gait sub-scores (mean=−1.00, p=0.01). In contrast, no significant changes in SARA scores and SARAposture&gait sub-scores were observed following the six weeks of training without SA compared to their pre-training scores immediately preceding the training block without vibrotactile SA (p>0.05). No significant changes in trunk kinematic sway parameters were observed as a result of training (p>0.05). Based on the findings from this preliminary study, balance and coordination training improved the participants’ motor performance, as captured through the SARA. Vibrotactile SA may be a beneficial addition to training regimens for individuals with hereditary cerebellar ataxia, but additional research with larger sample sizes is needed to assess the significance and generalizability of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Jabri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.J.); (C.K.); (T.B.); (A.B.)
| | - David D. Bushart
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Catherine Kinnaird
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.J.); (C.K.); (T.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Tian Bao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.J.); (C.K.); (T.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Angel Bu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.J.); (C.K.); (T.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: (V.G.S.); (K.H.S.)
| | - Kathleen H. Sienko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.J.); (C.K.); (T.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.S.); (K.H.S.)
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12
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Chia R, Sabir MS, Bandres-Ciga S, Saez-Atienzar S, Reynolds RH, Gustavsson E, Walton RL, Ahmed S, Viollet C, Ding J, Makarious MB, Diez-Fairen M, Portley MK, Shah Z, Abramzon Y, Hernandez DG, Blauwendraat C, Stone DJ, Eicher J, Parkkinen L, Ansorge O, Clark L, Honig LS, Marder K, Lemstra A, St George-Hyslop P, Londos E, Morgan K, Lashley T, Warner TT, Jaunmuktane Z, Galasko D, Santana I, Tienari PJ, Myllykangas L, Oinas M, Cairns NJ, Morris JC, Halliday GM, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Grassano M, Calvo A, Mora G, Canosa A, Floris G, Bohannan RC, Brett F, Gan-Or Z, Geiger JT, Moore A, May P, Krüger R, Goldstein DS, Lopez G, Tayebi N, Sidransky E, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Palma JA, Kaufmann H, Shakkottai VG, Perkins M, Newell KL, Gasser T, Schulte C, Landi F, Salvi E, Cusi D, Masliah E, Kim RC, Caraway CA, Monuki ES, Brunetti M, Dawson TM, Rosenthal LS, Albert MS, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Flanagan ME, Mao Q, Bigio EH, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Infante J, Lage C, González-Aramburu I, Sanchez-Juan P, Ghetti B, Keith J, Black SE, Masellis M, Rogaeva E, Duyckaerts C, Brice A, Lesage S, Xiromerisiou G, Barrett MJ, Tilley BS, Gentleman S, Logroscino G, Serrano GE, Beach TG, McKeith IG, Thomas AJ, Attems J, Morris CM, Palmer L, Love S, Troakes C, Al-Sarraj S, Hodges AK, Aarsland D, Klein G, Kaiser SM, Woltjer R, Pastor P, Bekris LM, Leverenz JB, Besser LM, Kuzma A, Renton AE, Goate A, Bennett DA, Scherzer CR, Morris HR, Ferrari R, Albani D, Pickering-Brown S, Faber K, Kukull WA, Morenas-Rodriguez E, Lleó A, Fortea J, Alcolea D, Clarimon J, Nalls MA, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM, Tanaka T, Foroud TM, Graff-Radford NR, Wszolek ZK, Ferman T, Boeve BF, Hardy JA, Topol EJ, Torkamani A, Singleton AB, Ryten M, Dickson DW, Chiò A, Ross OA, Gibbs JR, Dalgard CL, Traynor BJ, Scholz SW. Genome sequencing analysis identifies new loci associated with Lewy body dementia and provides insights into its genetic architecture. Nat Genet 2021; 53:294-303. [PMID: 33589841 PMCID: PMC7946812 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis of Lewy body dementia (LBD) is not well understood. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing in large cohorts of LBD cases and neurologically healthy controls to study the genetic architecture of this understudied form of dementia, and to generate a resource for the scientific community. Genome-wide association analysis identified five independent risk loci, whereas genome-wide gene-aggregation tests implicated mutations in the gene GBA. Genetic risk scores demonstrate that LBD shares risk profiles and pathways with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, providing a deeper molecular understanding of the complex genetic architecture of this age-related neurodegenerative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Chia
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marya S Sabir
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Regina H Reynolds
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emil Gustavsson
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Coralie Viollet
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Memory and Movement Disorders Units, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Makayla K Portley
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zalak Shah
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Abramzon
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John Eicher
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorraine Clark
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, G. H. Sergievsky Center and Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Marder
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, G. H. Sergievsky Center and Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afina Lemstra
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisabet Londos
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Service, University of Coimbra Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pentti J Tienari
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Oinas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maurizio Grassano
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mora
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Floris
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ryan C Bohannan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Brett
- Dublin Brain Bank, Neuropathology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joshua T Geiger
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anni Moore
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grisel Lopez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jose-Alberto Palma
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew Perkins
- Michigan Brain Bank, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Bio4Dreams-Business Nursery for Life, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald C Kim
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chad A Caraway
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Edwin S Monuki
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maura Brunetti
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eloy Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Aramburu
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Pascual Sanchez-Juan
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia Keith
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Department of Neuropathology Escourolle, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Georgia Xiromerisiou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthew J Barrett
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bension S Tilley
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Steve Gentleman
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medicine Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain - Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari at 'Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico' Hospital Tricase (Le), Bari, Italy
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Ian G McKeith
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Palmer
- South West Dementia Brain Bank, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology and London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College Hospital and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angela K Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gregory Klein
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott M Kaiser
- Department of Neuropathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Randy Woltjer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Memory and Movement Disorders Units, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lynn M Bekris
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Cleveland Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lilah M Besser
- Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Amanda Kuzma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alan E Renton
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Precision Neurology Program, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelley Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez
- Biomedizinisches Centrum, Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München & Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Munich, Germany
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Tanis Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - John A Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute of UCL, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric J Topol
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, C.N.R., Rome, Italy
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Bushart DD, Zalon AJ, Zhang H, Morrison LM, Guan Y, Paulson HL, Shakkottai VG, McLoughlin HS. Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy Targeted Against ATXN3 Improves Potassium Channel-Mediated Purkinje Neuron Dysfunction in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Cerebellum 2021; 20:41-53. [PMID: 32789747 PMCID: PMC7930886 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the second-most common CAG repeat disease, caused by a glutamine-encoding expansion in the ATXN3 protein. SCA3 is characterized by spinocerebellar degeneration leading to progressive motor incoordination and early death. Previous studies suggest that potassium channel dysfunction underlies early abnormalities in cerebellar cortical Purkinje neuron firing in SCA3. However, cerebellar cortical degeneration is often modest both in the human disease and mouse models of SCA3, raising uncertainty about the role of cerebellar dysfunction in SCA3. Here, we address this question by investigating Purkinje neuron excitability in SCA3. In early-stage SCA3 mice, we confirm a previously identified increase in excitability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons and associate this excitability with reduced transcripts of two voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels, Kcna6 and Kcnc3, as well as motor impairment. Intracerebroventricular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) to reduce mutant ATXN3 restores normal excitability to SCA3 Purkinje neurons and rescues transcript levels of Kcna6 and Kcnc3. Interestingly, while an even broader range of KV channel transcripts shows reduced levels in late-stage SCA3 mice, cerebellar Purkinje neuron physiology was not further altered despite continued worsening of motor impairment. These results suggest the progressive motor phenotype observed in SCA3 may not reflect ongoing changes in the cerebellar cortex but instead dysfunction of other neuronal structures within and beyond the cerebellum. Nevertheless, the early rescue of both KV channel expression and neuronal excitability by ASO treatment suggests that cerebellar cortical dysfunction contributes meaningfully to motor dysfunction in SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Bushart
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Annie J. Zalon
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Hongjiu Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Microsoft, Inc. Bellevue, WA 98004
| | - Logan M. Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yuanfang Guan
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Henry L. Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Address correspondence to: Vikram G. Shakkottai, 4009 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, ; Hayley S. McLoughlin, 4017 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
| | - Hayley S. McLoughlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Address correspondence to: Vikram G. Shakkottai, 4009 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, ; Hayley S. McLoughlin, 4017 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
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14
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Chopra R, Bushart DD, Cooper JP, Yellajoshyula D, Morrison LM, Huang H, Handler HP, Man LJ, Dansithong W, Scoles DR, Pulst SM, Orr HT, Shakkottai VG. Altered Capicua expression drives regional Purkinje neuron vulnerability through ion channel gene dysregulation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3249-3265. [PMID: 32964235 PMCID: PMC7689299 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative disease is poorly understood. Using the ATXN1[82Q] model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), we explored the hypothesis that regional differences in Purkinje neuron degeneration could provide novel insights into selective vulnerability. ATXN1[82Q] Purkinje neurons from the anterior cerebellum were found to degenerate earlier than those from the nodular zone, and this early degeneration was associated with selective dysregulation of ion channel transcripts and altered Purkinje neuron spiking. Efforts to understand the basis for selective dysregulation of channel transcripts revealed modestly increased expression of the ATXN1 co-repressor Capicua (Cic) in anterior cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Importantly, disrupting the association between ATXN1 and Cic rescued the levels of these ion channel transcripts, and lentiviral overexpression of Cic in the nodular zone accelerated both aberrant Purkinje neuron spiking and neurodegeneration. These findings reinforce the central role for Cic in SCA1 cerebellar pathophysiology and suggest that only modest reductions in Cic are needed to have profound therapeutic impact in SCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chopra
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David D Bushart
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P Cooper
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Logan M Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haoran Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hillary P Handler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Luke J Man
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Warunee Dansithong
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Daniel R Scoles
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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15
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Bushart DD, Huang H, Man LJ, Morrison LM, Shakkottai VG. A Chlorzoxazone-Baclofen Combination Improves Cerebellar Impairment in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Mov Disord 2020; 36:622-631. [PMID: 33151010 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of central muscle relaxants, chlorzoxazone and baclofen (chlorzoxazone-baclofen), has been proposed for treatment of cerebellar symptoms in human spinocerebellar ataxia. However, central muscle relaxants can worsen balance. The optimal dose for target engagement without toxicity remains unknown. Using the genetically precise Atxn1154Q/2Q model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, we aimed to determine the role of cerebellar dysfunction in motor impairment. We also aimed to identify appropriate concentrations of chlorzoxazone-baclofen needed for target engagement without toxicity to plan for human clinical trials. METHODS We use patch clamp electrophysiology in acute cerebellar slices and immunostaining to identify the specific ion channels targeted by chlorzoxazone-baclofen. Behavioral assays for coordination and grip strength are used to determine specificity of chlorzoxazone-baclofen for improving cerebellar dysfunction without off-target effects in Atxn1154Q/2Q mice. RESULTS We identify irregular Purkinje neuron firing in association with reduced expression of ion channels Kcnma1 and Cacna1g in Atxn1154Q/2Q mice. Using in vitro electrophysiology in brain slices, we identified concentrations of chlorzoxazone-baclofen that improve Purkinje neuron spike regularity without reducing firing frequency. At a disease stage in Atxn1154Q/2Q mice when motor impairment is due to cerebellar dysfunction, orally administered chlorzoxazone-baclofen improves motor performance without affecting muscle strength. CONCLUSION We identify a tight relationship between baclofen-chlorzoxazone concentrations needed to engage target and levels above which cerebellar function will be compromised. We propose to use this information for a novel clinical trial design, using sequential dose escalation within each subject, to identify dose levels that are likely to improve ataxia symptoms while minimizing toxicity. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Bushart
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Haoran Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luke J Man
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Logan M Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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16
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Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase gene, AARS2, have been reported to cause leukoencephalopathy associated with early ovarian failure, a clinical presentation described as "ovarioleukodystrophy." We present a sibling pair: one with cerebellar ataxia and one with vision loss and cognitive impairment in addition to ataxia. Neither shows evidence of leukoencephalopathy on MRI imaging. Exome sequencing revealed that both siblings are compound heterozygous for AARS2 variants (p.Phe131del and p.Ile328Met). Yeast complementation assays indicate that p.Phe131del AARS2 dramatically impairs gene function and that p.Ile328Met AARS2 is a hypomorphic allele. This work expands the phenotypic spectrum of AARS2-associated disease to include ataxia without leukoencephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Kuo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Medical Science II, 3710A, 1241 E. Catherine St. SPC 5618, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,BSRB, 4009, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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17
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Costa MDC, Radzwion M, McLoughlin HS, Ashraf NS, Fischer S, Shakkottai VG, Maciel P, Paulson HL, Öz G. In Vivo Molecular Signatures of Cerebellar Pathology in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1774-1786. [PMID: 32621646 PMCID: PMC7572607 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No treatment exists for the most common dominantly inherited ataxia Machado-Joseph disease, or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). Successful evaluation of candidate therapeutics will be facilitated by validated noninvasive biomarkers of disease pathology recapitulated by animal models. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify shared in vivo neurochemical signatures in two mouse models of SCA3 that reflect the human disease pathology. METHODS Cerebellar neurochemical concentrations in homozygous YACMJD84.2 (Q84/Q84) and hemizygous CMVMJD135 (Q135) mice were measured by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla. To validate the neurochemical biomarkers, levels of neurofilament medium (NFL; indicator of neuroaxonal integrity) and myelin basic protein (MBP; indicator of myelination) were measured in cerebellar lysates from a subset of mice and patients with SCA3. Finally, NFL and MBP levels were measured in the cerebellar extracts of Q84/Q84 mice upon silencing of the mutant ATXN3 gene. RESULTS Both Q84/Q84 and Q135 mice displayed lower N-acetylaspartate than wild-type littermates, indicating neuroaxonal loss/dysfunction, and lower myo-inositol and total choline, indicating disturbances in phospholipid membrane metabolism and demyelination. Cerebellar NFL and MBP levels were accordingly lower in both models as well as in the cerebellar cortex of patients with SCA3 than controls. Importantly, N-acetylaspartate and total choline correlated with NFL and MPB, respectively, in Q135 mice. Long-term sustained RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated reduction of ATXN3 levels increased NFL and MBP in Q84/Q84 cerebella. CONCLUSIONS N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol, and total choline levels in the cerebellum are candidate biomarkers of neuroaxonal and oligodendrocyte pathology in SCA3, aspects of pathology that are reversible by RNAi therapy. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Radzwion
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Naila S. Ashraf
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Svetlana Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Henry L. Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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18
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Conway KS, Camelo-Piragua S, Fisher-Hubbard A, Perry WR, Shakkottai VG, Venneti S. Multiple system atrophy pathology is associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138619. [PMID: 32644976 PMCID: PMC7455075 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to investigate whether primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is associated with multiple system atrophy (MSA). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study assessing (a) rates of MSA in a cohort of patients with pSS and (b) rates of pSS in a cohort of patients with MSA. These data were compared with rates in respective control groups. We additionally reviewed the neuropathologic findings in 2 patients with pSS, cerebellar degeneration, parkinsonism, and autonomic dysfunction. RESULTS Our cohort of 308 patients with pSS had a greater incidence of MSA compared with 4 large population-based studies and had a significantly higher prevalence of at least probable MSA (1% vs. 0%, P = 0.02) compared with 776 patients in a control cohort of patients with other autoimmune disorders. Our cohort of 26 autopsy-proven patients with MSA had a significantly higher prevalence of pSS compared with a cohort of 115 patients with other autopsy-proven neurodegenerative disorders (8% vs. 0%, P = 0.03). The 2 patients we described with pSS and progressive neurodegenerative disease showed classic MSA pathology at autopsy. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence for an association between MSA and pSS that is specific to both pSS, among autoimmune disorders, and MSA, among neurodegenerative disorders. The 2 cases we describe of autopsy-proven MSA support that MSA pathology can explain neurologic disease in a subset of patients with pSS. These findings together support the hypothesis that systemic autoimmune disease plays a role in neurodegeneration. FUNDING The Michigan Brain Bank is supported in part through NIH grant P30AG053760. This single-center retrospective cohort study shows an association between primary Sjogren’s syndrome and multiple system atrophy pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Conway
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sandra Camelo-Piragua
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda Fisher-Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - William R Perry
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Yang CY, Lai RY, Amokrane N, Lin CY, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann JD, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Rosenthal LS, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind M, Xia G, Subramony S, Ashizawa T, Troche MS, Kuo SH. Dysphagia in spinocerebellar ataxias type 1, 2, 3 and 6. J Neurol Sci 2020; 415:116878. [PMID: 32454319 PMCID: PMC10150947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysphagia is a common symptom and may be a cause of death in patients with spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). However, little is known about at which disease stage dysphagia becomes clinically relevant. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the prevalence of dysphagia in different disease stages of SCA 1, 2, 3 and 6. METHODS We studied 237 genetically confirmed patients with SCA 1, 2, 3, 6 from the Clinical Research Consortium for SCAs and investigated the prevalence of self-reported dysphagia and the association between dysphagia and other clinical characteristics. We further stratified ataxia severity and studied the prevalence of dysphagia at each disease stage. RESULTS Dysphagia was present in 59.9% of SCA patients. Patients with dysphagia had a longer disease duration and more severe ataxia than patients without dysphagia (patients with dysphagia vs. without dysphagia, disease duration (years): 14.51 ± 8.91 vs. 11.22 ± 7.82, p = .001, scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia [SARA]: 17.90 ± 7.74 vs. 13.04 ± 7.51, p = .000). Dysphagia was most common in SCA1, followed by SCA3, SCA 6, and SCA 2. Dysphagia in SCA1 and 3 was associated robustly with ataxia severity, whereas this association was less obvious in SCA2 and 6, demonstrating genotype-specific clinical variation. CONCLUSION Dysphagia is a common clinical symptom in SCAs, especially in the severe disease stage. Understanding dysphagia in SCA patients can improve the care of these patients and advance knowledge on the roles of the cerebellum and brainstem control in swallowing.
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20
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Gan SR, Figueroa KP, Xu HL, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann J, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind MD, Xia G, Subramony SH, Rosenthal L, Ashizawa T, Pulst SM, Wang N, Kuo SH. The impact of ethnicity on the clinical presentations of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 72:37-43. [PMID: 32105964 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a variety of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it is well-established that ethnicity does affect the disease phenotypes. However, how ethnicity contributes to the clinical symptoms and disease progressions in monogenetic disorders, such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), remains less studied. METHODS We used multivariable linear and logistical regression models in 257 molecularly-confirmed SCA3 patients (66 Caucasians, 43 African Americans, and 148 Asians [composed of 131 Chinese and 17 Asian Americans]) to explore the influence of ethnicity on age at onset (AAO), ataxia severity, and non-ataxia symptoms (i.e. depression, tremor, and dystonia). RESULTS We found that Asians had significantly later AAO, compared to Caucasians (β = 4.75, p = 0.000) and to African Americans (β = 6.64, p = 0.000) after adjusting for the pathological CAG repeat numbers in ATXN3. African Americans exhibited the most severe ataxia as compared to Caucasians (β = 3.81, p = 0.004) and Asians (β = 4.39, p = 0.001) after taking into consideration of the pathological CAG repeat numbers in ATXN3 and disease duration. Caucasians had a higher prevalence of depression than African Americans (β = 1.23, p = 0.040). Ethnicity had no influence on tremor or dystonia. CONCLUSIONS Ethnicity plays an important role in clinical presentations of SCA3 patients, which could merit further clinical studies and public health consideration. These results highlight the role of ethnicity in monogenetic, neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hao-Ling Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liana Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Caglayan AO, Gumus H, Sandford E, Kubisiak TL, Ma Q, Ozel AB, Per H, Li JZ, Shakkottai VG, Burmeister M. COQ4 Mutation Leads to Childhood-Onset Ataxia Improved by CoQ10 Administration. Cerebellum 2019; 18:665-669. [PMID: 30847826 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Okay Caglayan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, 34394, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gumus
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erin Sandford
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 5061 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Thomas L Kubisiak
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 5061 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Bilge Ozel
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huseyin Per
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Jun Z Li
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 5061 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA. .,Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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22
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Lai RY, Tomishon D, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann JD, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind M, Xia G, Subramony SH, Ashizawa T, Kuo SH. Tremor in the Degenerative Cerebellum: Towards the Understanding of Brain Circuitry for Tremor. Cerebellum 2019; 18:519-526. [PMID: 30830673 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar degenerative pathology has been identified in tremor patients; however, how the degenerative pathology could contribute to tremor remains unclear. If the cerebellar degenerative pathology can directly drive tremor, one would hypothesize that tremor is likely to occur in the diseases of cerebellar ataxia and follows the disease progression in such disorders. To further test this hypothesis, we studied the occurrence of tremor in different disease stages of classical cerebellar degenerative disorders: spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). We further separately analyzed postural tremor and rest tremor, two forms of tremor that both involve the cerebellum. We also explored tremor in different subtypes of SCAs. We found that 18.1% of SCA patients have tremor. Interestingly, SCA patients with tremor have worse ataxia than those without tremor. When stratifying patients into mild, moderate, and severe disease stages according to the severity of ataxia, moderate and severe SCA patients more commonly have tremor than those with mild ataxia, the effect most prominently observed in postural tremor of SCA3 and SCA6 patients. Finally, tremor can independently contribute to worse functional status in SCA2 patients, even after adjusting for ataxia severity. Tremor is more likely to occur in the severe stage of cerebellar degeneration when compared to mild stages. Our results partially support the cerebellar degenerative model of tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yah Lai
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darya Tomishon
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Schultz ML, Fawaz MV, Azaria RD, Hollon TC, Liu EA, Kunkel TJ, Halseth TA, Krus KL, Ming R, Morin EE, McLoughlin HS, Bushart DD, Paulson HL, Shakkottai VG, Orringer DA, Schwendeman AS, Lieberman AP. Synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles for the treatment of Niemann-Pick diseases. BMC Med 2019; 17:200. [PMID: 31711490 PMCID: PMC6849328 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C is a fatal and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in late endosomes and lysosomes. We sought to develop new therapeutics for this disorder by harnessing the body's endogenous cholesterol scavenging particle, high-density lipoprotein (HDL). METHODS Here we design, optimize, and define the mechanism of action of synthetic HDL (sHDL) nanoparticles. RESULTS We demonstrate a dose-dependent rescue of cholesterol storage that is sensitive to sHDL lipid and peptide composition, enabling the identification of compounds with a range of therapeutic potency. Peripheral administration of sHDL to Npc1 I1061T homozygous mice mobilizes cholesterol, reduces serum bilirubin, reduces liver macrophage size, and corrects body weight deficits. Additionally, a single intraventricular injection into adult Npc1 I1061T brains significantly reduces cholesterol storage in Purkinje neurons. Since endogenous HDL is also a carrier of sphingomyelin, we tested the same sHDL formulation in the sphingomyelin storage disease Niemann-Pick type A. Utilizing stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to detect endogenous unlabeled lipids, we show significant rescue of Niemann-Pick type A lipid storage. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data establish that sHDL nanoparticles are a potential new therapeutic avenue for Niemann-Pick diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maria V Fawaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ruth D Azaria
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Todd C Hollon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Elaine A Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thaddeus J Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Troy A Halseth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kelsey L Krus
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ran Ming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, B20-102W NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emily E Morin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, B20-102W NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hayley S McLoughlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David D Bushart
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel A Orringer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anna S Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, B20-102W NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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24
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Srinivasan SR, Shakkottai VG. Moving Towards Therapy in SCA1: Insights from Molecular Mechanisms, Identification of Novel Targets, and Planning for Human Trials. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:999-1008. [PMID: 31338702 PMCID: PMC6985354 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The SCAs result in progressive gait imbalance, incoordination of the limbs, speech changes, and oculomotor dysfunction, among other symptoms. Over the past few decades, significant strides have been made in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these diseases. Although multiple efforts using a combination of genetics and pharmacology with small molecules have been made towards developing new therapeutics, no FDA approved treatment currently exists. In this review, we focus on SCA1, a common SCA subtype, in which some of the greatest advances have been made in understanding disease biology, and consequently potential therapeutic targets. Understanding of the underlying basic biology and targets of therapy in SCA1 is likely to give insight into treatment strategies in other SCAs. The diversity of the biology in the SCAs, and insight from SCA1 suggests, however, that both shared treatment strategies and specific approaches tailored to treat distinct genetic causes of SCA are likely needed for this group of devastating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 4009 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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25
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Chopra R, Wasserman AH, Pulst SM, De Zeeuw CI, Shakkottai VG. Protein kinase C activity is a protective modifier of Purkinje neuron degeneration in cerebellar ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1396-1410. [PMID: 29432535 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many types of neurons expressing protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes, cerebellar Purkinje neurons are particularly reliant on appropriate PKC activity for maintaining homeostasis. The importance of PKC enzymes in Purkinje neuron health is apparent as mutations in PRKCG (encoding PKCγ) cause cerebellar ataxia. PRKCG has also been identified as an important node in ataxia gene networks more broadly, but the functional role of PKC in other forms of ataxia remains unexplored, and the mechanisms by which PKC isozymes regulate Purkinje neuron health are not well understood. Here, we investigated how PKC activity influences neurodegeneration in inherited ataxia. Using mouse models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and 2 (SCA2) we identify an increase in PKC-mediated substrate phosphorylation in two different forms of inherited cerebellar ataxia. Normalizing PKC substrate phosphorylation in SCA1 and SCA2 mice accelerates degeneration, suggesting that the increased activity observed in these models is neuroprotective. We also find that increased phosphorylation of PKC targets limits Purkinje neuron membrane excitability, suggesting that PKC activity may support Purkinje neuron health by moderating excitability. These data suggest a functional role for PKC enzymes in ataxia gene networks, and demonstrate that increased PKC activity is a protective modifier of degeneration in inherited cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chopra
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aaron H Wasserman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1105 CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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26
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Abstract
Among the age-dependent protein aggregation disorders, nine neurodegenerative diseases are caused by expansions of CAG repeats encoding polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts. We review the clinical, pathological, and biological features of these inherited disorders. We discuss insights into pathogenesis gleaned from studies of model systems and patients, highlighting work that informs efforts to develop effective therapies. An important conclusion from these analyses is that expanded CAG/polyQ domains are the primary drivers of neurodegeneration, with the biology of carrier proteins influencing disease-specific manifestations. Additionally, it has become apparent that CAG/polyQ repeat expansions produce neurodegeneration via multiple downstream mechanisms, involving both gain- and loss-of-function effects. This conclusion indicates that the likelihood of developing effective therapies targeting single nodes is reduced. The evaluation of treatments for premanifest disease will likely require new investigational approaches. We highlight the opportunities and challenges underlying ongoing work and provide recommendations related to the development of symptomatic and disease-modifying therapies and biomarkers that could inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; , .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; , .,Neurology Service and the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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27
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McLoughlin HS, Moore LR, Chopra R, Komlo R, McKenzie M, Blumenstein KG, Zhao H, Kordasiewicz HB, Shakkottai VG, Paulson HL. Oligonucleotide therapy mitigates disease in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 mice. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:64-77. [PMID: 29908063 PMCID: PMC6119475 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease, is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia. Despite advances in understanding this CAG repeat/polyglutamine expansion disease, there are still no therapies to alter its progressive fatal course. Here, we investigate whether an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting the SCA3 disease gene, ATXN3, can prevent molecular, neuropathological, electrophysiological, and behavioral features of the disease in a mouse model of SCA3. METHODS The top ATXN3-targeting ASO from an in vivo screen was injected intracerebroventricularly into early symptomatic transgenic SCA3 mice that express the full human disease gene and recapitulate key disease features. Following a single ASO treatment at 8 weeks of age, mice were evaluated longitudinally for ATXN3 suppression and rescue of disease-associated pathological changes. Mice receiving an additional repeat injection at 21 weeks were evaluated longitudinally up to 29 weeks for motor performance. RESULTS The ATXN3-targeting ASO achieved sustained reduction of polyglutamine-expanded ATXN3 up to 8 weeks after treatment and prevented oligomeric and nuclear accumulation of ATXN3 up to at least 14 weeks after treatment. Longitudinal ASO therapy rescued motor impairment in SCA3 mice, and this rescue was associated with a recovery of defects in Purkinje neuron firing frequency and afterhyperpolarization. INTERPRETATION This preclinical study established efficacy of ATXN3-targeted ASOs as a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for SCA3. These results support further efforts to develop ASOs for human clinical trials in this polyglutamine disease as well as in other dominantly inherited disorders caused by toxic gain of function. Ann Neurol 2018;83:64-77.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren R. Moore
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ravi Chopra
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Robert Komlo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Megan McKenzie
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Kate G. Blumenstein
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Hien Zhao
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | | | | | - Henry L. Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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28
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Luo L, Wang J, Lo RY, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Kuo PH, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann J, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind M, Xia G, Subramony SH, Ashizawa T, Kuo SH. The Initial Symptom and Motor Progression in Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Cerebellum 2018; 16:615-622. [PMID: 27848087 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-016-0836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine whether the initial symptom associates with motor progression in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). SCAs are clinically heterogeneous and the initial presentation may represent different subtypes of SCA with different motor progression. We studied 317 participants with SCAs1, 2, 3, and 6 from the Clinical Research Consortium for SCAs (CRC-SCA) and repeatedly measured the severity of ataxia for 2 years. SCA patients were divided into gait-onset and non-gait-onset (speech, vision, and hand dexterity) groups based on the initial presentation. In addition to demographic comparison, we employed regression models to study ataxia progression in these two groups after adjusting for age, sex, and pathological CAG repeats. The majority of SCA patients had gait abnormality as an initial presentation. The pathological CAG repeat expansions were similar between the gait-onset and non-gait-onset groups. In SCA1, gait-onset group progressed slower than non-gait-onset group, while gait-onset SCA6 group progressed faster than their counterpart. In addition, the disease presented 9 years later for SCA2 gait-onset group than non-gait-onset group. Initial symptoms of SCA3 did not influence age of onset or disease progression. The initial symptom in each SCA has a different influence on age of onset and motor progression. Therefore, gait and non-gait-onset groups of SCAs might represent different subtypes of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Basic and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raymond Y Lo
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Pei-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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29
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Dell'Orco JM, Pulst SM, Shakkottai VG. Potassium channel dysfunction underlies Purkinje neuron spiking abnormalities in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3935-3945. [PMID: 29016852 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in Purkinje neuron firing often accompany ataxia, but the molecular basis for these changes is poorly understood. In a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), a progressive reduction in Purkinje neuron firing frequency accompanies cell atrophy. We investigated the basis for altered Purkinje neuron firing in SCA2. A reduction in the expression of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels and Kv3.3 voltage-gated potassium channels accompanies the inability of Purkinje neurons early in disease to maintain repetitive spiking. In association with prominent Purkinje neuron atrophy, repetitive spiking is restored, although at a greatly reduced firing frequency. In spite of a continued impairment in spike repolarization and a persistently reduced BK channel mediated afterhyperpolarization (AHP), repetitive spiking is maintained, through the increased activity of barium-sensitive potassium channels, most consistent with inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels. Increased activity of Kir channels results in the generation of a novel AHP not seen in wild-type Purkinje neurons that also accounts for the reduced firing frequency late in disease. Homeostatic changes in Purkinje neuron morphology that help to preserve repetitive spiking can also therefore have deleterious consequences for spike frequency. These results suggest that the basis for spiking abnormalities in SCA2 differ depending on disease stage, and interventions targeted towards correcting potassium channel dysfunction in ataxia need to be tailored to the specific stage in the degenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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30
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Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders that result in impaired speech, uncoordinated limb movements, and impaired balance, often ultimately resulting in wheelchair confinement. Motor dysfunction in ataxia can be attributed to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons in the cerebellum and its associated pathways. Recent work has suggested the importance of cerebellar neuronal dysfunction resulting from mutations in specific ion-channels that regulate membrane excitability in the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia in humans. Importantly, even in ataxias not directly due to ion-channel mutations, transcriptional changes resulting in ion-channel dysfunction are tied to motor dysfunction and degeneration in models of disease. In this review, we describe the role that ion-channel dysfunction plays in a variety of cerebellar ataxias, and postulate that a potential therapeutic strategy that targets specific ion-channels exists for cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Bushart
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 4009 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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31
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Bushart DD, Chopra R, Singh V, Murphy GG, Wulff H, Shakkottai VG. Targeting potassium channels to treat cerebellar ataxia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:297-314. [PMID: 29560375 PMCID: PMC5846455 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Purkinje neuron dysfunction is associated with cerebellar ataxia. In a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), reduced potassium channel function contributes to altered membrane excitability resulting in impaired Purkinje neuron spiking. We sought to determine the relationship between altered membrane excitability and motor dysfunction in SCA1 mice. Methods Patch-clamp recordings in acute cerebellar slices and motor phenotype testing were used to identify pharmacologic agents which improve Purkinje neuron physiology and motor performance in SCA1 mice. Additionally, we retrospectively reviewed records of patients with SCA1 and other autosomal-dominant SCAs with prominent Purkinje neuron involvement to determine whether currently approved potassium channel activators were tolerated. Results Activating calcium-activated and subthreshold-activated potassium channels improved Purkinje neuron spiking impairment in SCA1 mice (P < 0.05). Additionally, dendritic hyperexcitability was improved by activating subthreshold-activated potassium channels but not calcium-activated potassium channels (P < 0.01). Improving spiking and dendritic hyperexcitability through a combination of chlorzoxazone and baclofen produced sustained improvements in motor dysfunction in SCA1 mice (P < 0.01). Retrospective review of SCA patient records suggests that co-treatment with chlorzoxazone and baclofen is tolerated. Interpretation Targeting both altered spiking and dendritic membrane excitability is associated with sustained improvements in motor performance in SCA1 mice, while targeting altered spiking alone produces only short-term improvements in motor dysfunction. Potassium channel activators currently in clinical use are well tolerated and may provide benefit in SCA patients. Future clinical trials with potassium channel activators are warranted in cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Bushart
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Ravi Chopra
- Department of Neurology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis California
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan.,Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis California
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan.,Department of Neurology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
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32
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Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a genetically diverse group of dominantly inherited disorders that share clinical features that result from dysfunction and degeneration of the cerebellum and its associated pathways. Although nearly 40 genes are currently recognized to result in SCA, shared mechanisms for disease pathogenesis exist among subsets of the SCAs. The most common SCAs result from a glutamine-encoding CAG repeat in the respective disease genes. This chapter discusses the varied genetic etiology of SCA and attempts to categorize these disorders based on shared mechanisms of disease. We also summarize evaluation and management for the SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mundwiler
- Department of Neurosciences, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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33
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Figueroa KP, Gan SR, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann J, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind M, Xia G, Subramony SH, Ashizawa T, Pulst SM, Kuo SH. C9orf72 repeat expansions as genetic modifiers for depression in spinocerebellar ataxias. Mov Disord 2017; 33:497-498. [PMID: 29193335 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | | | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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34
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Kuo PH, Gan SR, Wang J, Lo RY, Figueroa KP, Tomishon D, Pulst SM, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann JD, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind MD, Xia G, Subramony SH, Ashizawa T, Kuo SH. Dystonia and ataxia progression in spinocerebellar ataxias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 45:75-80. [PMID: 29089256 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia is a common feature in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Whether the presence of dystonia is associated with different rate of ataxia progression is not known. OBJECTIVES To study clinical characteristics and ataxia progression in SCAs with and without dystonia. METHODS We studied 334 participants with SCA 1, 2, 3 and 6 from the Clinical Research Consortium for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (CRC-SCA) and compared the clinical characteristics of SCAs with and without dystonia. We repeatedly measured ataxia progression by the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia every 6 months for 2 years. Regression models were employed to study the association between dystonia and ataxia progression after adjusting for age, sex and pathological CAG repeats. We used logistic regression to analyze the impact of different repeat expansion genes on dystonia in SCAs. RESULTS Dystonia was most commonly observed in SCA3, followed by SCA2, SCA1, and SCA6. Dystonia was associated with longer CAG repeats in SCA3. The CAG repeat number in TBP normal alleles appeared to modify the presence of dystonia in SCA1. The presence of dystonia was associated with higher SARA scores in SCA1, 2, and 3. Although relatively rare in SCA6, the presence of dystonia was associated with slower progression of ataxia. CONCLUSIONS The presence of dystonia is associated with greater severity of ataxia in SCA1, 2, and 3, but predictive of a slower progression in SCA6. Complex genetic interactions among repeat expansion genes can lead to diverse clinical symptoms and progression in SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Raymond Y Lo
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Darya Tomishon
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | | | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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Gan SR, Wang J, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Tomishon D, Lee D, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann J, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind MD, Xia G, Subramony SH, Ashizawa T, Kuo SH. Postural Tremor and Ataxia Progression in Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2017; 7:492. [PMID: 29057148 PMCID: PMC5647398 DOI: 10.7916/d8gm8krh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural tremor can sometimes occur in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). However, the prevalence and clinical characteristics of postural tremor in SCAs are poorly understood, and whether SCA patients with postural tremor have different ataxia progression is not known. METHODS We studied postural tremor in 315 patients with SCA1, 2, 3, and 6 recruited from the Clinical Research Consortium for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (CRC-SCA), which consists of 12 participating centers in the United States, and we evaluated ataxia progression in these patients from January 2010 to August 2012. RESULTS Among 315 SCA patients, postural tremor was most common in SCA2 patients (SCA1, 5.8%; SCA2, 27.5%; SCA3, 12.4%; SCA6, 16.9%; p = 0.007). SCA3 patients with postural tremor had longer CAG repeat expansions than SCA3 patients without postural tremor (73.67 ± 3.12 vs. 70.42 ± 3.96, p = 0.003). Interestingly, SCA1 and SCA6 patients with postural tremor had a slower rate of ataxia progression (SCA1, β = -0.91, p < 0.001; SCA6, β = -1.28, p = 0.025), while SCA2 patients with postural tremor had a faster rate of ataxia progression (β = 1.54, p = 0.034). We also found that the presence of postural tremor in SCA2 patients could be influenced by repeat expansions of ATXN1 (β = -1.53, p = 0.037) and ATXN3 (β = 0.57, p = 0.018), whereas postural tremor in SCA3 was associated with repeat lengths in TBP (β = 0.63, p = 0.041) and PPP2R2B (β = -0.40, p = 0.032). DISCUSSION Postural tremor could be a clinical feature of SCAs, and the presence of postural tremor could be associated with different rates of ataxia progression. Genetic interactions between ataxia genes might influence the brain circuitry and thus affect the clinical presentation of postural tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Basic and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Karla P. Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M. Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Darya Tomishon
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Lee
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah H. Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S. H. Subramony
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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36
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Shakkottai VG, Batla A, Bhatia K, Dauer WT, Dresel C, Niethammer M, Eidelberg D, Raike RS, Smith Y, Jinnah HA, Hess EJ, Meunier S, Hallett M, Fremont R, Khodakhah K, LeDoux MS, Popa T, Gallea C, Lehericy S, Bostan AC, Strick PL. Current Opinions and Areas of Consensus on the Role of the Cerebellum in Dystonia. Cerebellum 2017; 16:577-594. [PMID: 27734238 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-016-0825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A role for the cerebellum in causing ataxia, a disorder characterized by uncoordinated movement, is widely accepted. Recent work has suggested that alterations in activity, connectivity, and structure of the cerebellum are also associated with dystonia, a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal and sustained muscle contractions often leading to abnormal maintained postures. In this manuscript, the authors discuss their views on how the cerebellum may play a role in dystonia. The following topics are discussed: The relationships between neuronal/network dysfunctions and motor abnormalities in rodent models of dystonia. Data about brain structure, cerebellar metabolism, cerebellar connections, and noninvasive cerebellar stimulation that support (or not) a role for the cerebellum in human dystonia. Connections between the cerebellum and motor cortical and sub-cortical structures that could support a role for the cerebellum in dystonia. Overall points of consensus include: Neuronal dysfunction originating in the cerebellum can drive dystonic movements in rodent model systems. Imaging and neurophysiological studies in humans suggest that the cerebellum plays a role in the pathophysiology of dystonia, but do not provide conclusive evidence that the cerebellum is the primary or sole neuroanatomical site of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Room 4009, BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
| | - Amit Batla
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kailash Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London, London, UK
| | - William T Dauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Room 4009, BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christian Dresel
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Martin Niethammer
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Robert S Raike
- Global Research Organization, Medtronic Inc. Neuromodulation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Center and Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ellen J Hess
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR, S 1127, Paris, France.,Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Fremont
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamran Khodakhah
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Traian Popa
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France.,Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Andreea C Bostan
- Systems Neuroscience Institute and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter L Strick
- Systems Neuroscience Institute and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Chung C, Elrick MJ, Dell’Orco JM, Qin ZS, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Chinnaiyan AM, Shakkottai VG, Lieberman AP. Heat Shock Protein Beta-1 Modifies Anterior to Posterior Purkinje Cell Vulnerability in a Mouse Model of Niemann-Pick Type C Disease. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006042. [PMID: 27152617 PMCID: PMC4859571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective neuronal vulnerability is characteristic of most degenerative disorders of the CNS, yet mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly characterized. Many forms of cerebellar degeneration exhibit an anterior-to-posterior gradient of Purkinje cell loss including Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by progressive neurological deficits that often begin in childhood. Here, we sought to identify candidate genes underlying vulnerability of Purkinje cells in anterior cerebellar lobules using data freely available in the Allen Brain Atlas. This approach led to the identification of 16 candidate neuroprotective or susceptibility genes. We demonstrate that one candidate gene, heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), promoted neuronal survival in cellular models of NPC disease through a mechanism that involved inhibition of apoptosis. Additionally, we show that over-expression of wild type HSPB1 or a phosphomimetic mutant in NPC mice slowed the progression of motor impairment and diminished cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. We confirmed the modulatory effect of Hspb1 on Purkinje cell degeneration in vivo, as knockdown by Hspb1 shRNA significantly enhanced neuron loss. These results suggest that strategies to promote HSPB1 activity may slow the rate of cerebellar degeneration in NPC disease and highlight the use of bioinformatics tools to uncover pathways leading to neuronal protection in neurodegenerative disorders. Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder for which there is no effective treatment. Patients develop a clinically heterogeneous phenotype that typically includes childhood onset neurodegeneration and early death. Mice with loss of function mutations in the Npc1 gene model many aspects of the human disease, including cerebellar degeneration that results in marked ataxia. Cerebellar Purkinje cells in mutant mice exhibit striking selective vulnerability, with neuron loss in anterior lobules and preservation in posterior lobules. As this anterior to posterior gradient is reproduced following cell autonomous deletion of Npc1 and is also observed in other forms of cerebellar degeneration, we hypothesized that it is mediated by differential gene expression. To test this notion, we probed the Allen Brain Atlas to identify 16 candidate neuroprotective or susceptibility genes. We confirmed that one of these genes, encoding the small heat shock protein Hspb1, promotes survival in cell culture models of NPC disease. Moreover, we found that modulating Hspb1 expression in NPC mice promoted (following over-expression) or diminished (following knock-down) Purkinje cell survival, confirming its neuroprotective activity. We suggest that this approach may be similarly used in other diseases to uncover pathways that modify selective neuronal vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Chung
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Elrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James M. Dell’Orco
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhaohui S. Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shanker Kalyana-Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jones JM, Dionne L, Dell'Orco J, Parent R, Krueger JN, Cheng X, Dib-Hajj SD, Bunton-Stasyshyn RK, Sharkey LM, Dowling JJ, Murphy GG, Shakkottai VG, Shrager P, Meisler MH. Single amino acid deletion in transmembrane segment D4S6 of sodium channel Scn8a (Nav1.6) in a mouse mutant with a chronic movement disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 89:36-45. [PMID: 26807988 PMCID: PMC4991781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the neuronal sodium channel gene SCN8A are associated with lethal movement disorders in the mouse and with human epileptic encephalopathy. We describe a spontaneous mouse mutation, Scn8a(9J), that is associated with a chronic movement disorder with early onset tremor and adult onset dystonia. Scn8a(9J) homozygotes have a shortened lifespan, with only 50% of mutants surviving beyond 6 months of age. The 3 bp in-frame deletion removes 1 of the 3 adjacent isoleucine residues in transmembrane segment DIVS6 of Nav1.6 (p.Ile1750del). The altered helical orientation of the transmembrane segment displaces pore-lining amino acids with important roles in channel activation and inactivation. The predicted impact on channel activity was confirmed by analysis of cerebellar Purkinje neurons from mutant mice, which lack spontaneous and induced repetitive firing. In a heterologous expression system, the activity of the mutant channel was below the threshold for detection. Observations of decreased nerve conduction velocity and impaired behavior in an open field are also consistent with reduced activity of Nav1.6. The Nav1.6Δ1750 protein is only partially glycosylated. The abundance of mutant Nav1.6 is reduced at nodes of Ranvier and is not detectable at the axon initial segment. Despite a severe reduction in channel activity, the lifespan and motor function of Scn8a(9J/9J) mice are significantly better than null mutants lacking channel protein. The clinical phenotype of this severe hypomorphic mutant expands the spectrum of Scn8a disease to include a recessively inherited, chronic and progressive movement disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Jones
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Louise Dionne
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, United States
| | - James Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rachel Parent
- Department of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jamie N Krueger
- Department of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, United States.
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | | | - Lisa M Sharkey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Peter Shrager
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Bushart DD, Murphy GG, Shakkottai VG. Precision medicine in spinocerebellar ataxias: treatment based on common mechanisms of disease. Ann Transl Med 2016; 4:25. [PMID: 26889478 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogeneous group of dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders affecting the cerebellum and its associated pathways. There are no available symptomatic or disease-modifying therapies available for any of the over 30 known causes of SCA. In order to develop precise treatments for SCAs, two strategies can be employed: (I) the use of gene-targeting strategies to silence disease-causing mutant protein expression; and (II) the identification and targeting of convergent mechanisms of disease across SCAs as a basis for treatment. Gene targeting strategies include RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotides designed to silence mutant genes in order to prevent mutant protein expression. These therapies can be precise, but delivery is difficult and many disease-causing mutations remain unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that several common disease mechanisms may exist across SCAs. Disrupted protein homeostasis, RNA toxicity, abnormal synaptic signaling, altered intracellular calcium handling, and altered Purkinje neuron membrane excitability are all disease mechanisms which are seen in multiple etiologies of SCA and could potentially be targeted for treatment. Clinical trials with drugs such as riluzole, a potassium channel activator, show promise for multiple SCAs and suggest that convergent disease mechanisms do exist and can be targeted. Precise treatment of SCAs may be best achieved through pharmacologic agents targeting specific disrupted pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Bushart
- 1 Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2 Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, 3 Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- 1 Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2 Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, 3 Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- 1 Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2 Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, 3 Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Lo RY, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Lin CY, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann J, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind M, Xia G, Subramony SH, Ashizawa T, Kuo SH. Vascular risk factors and clinical progression in spinocerebellar ataxias. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2015; 5:287. [PMID: 25713748 PMCID: PMC4314609 DOI: 10.7916/d89885s0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background The contributions of vascular risk factors to spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) are not known. Methods We studied 319 participants with SCA 1, 2, 3, and 6 and repeatedly measured clinical severity using the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) for 2 years. Vascular risk factors were summarized by CHA2DS2-VASc scores as the vascular risk factor index. We employed regression models to study the effects of vascular risk factors on ataxia onset and progression after adjusting for age, sex, and pathological CAG repeats. Our secondary analyses took hyperlipidemia into account. Results Nearly 60% of SCA participants were at low vascular risks with CHA2DS2-VASc = 0, and 31% scored 2 or greater. Higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores were not associated with either earlier onset or faster progression of ataxia. These findings were not altered after accounting for hyperlipidemia. Discussion Vascular risks are not common in SCAs and are not associated with earlier onset or faster ataxia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Y Lo
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chi-Ying Lin
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Lo RY, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Lin CY, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez C, Schmahmann J, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying S, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind M, Xia G, Subramony SH, Ashizawa T, Kuo SH. Coenzyme Q10 and spinocerebellar ataxias. Mov Disord 2014; 30:214-20. [PMID: 25449974 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between drug exposure and disease severity in SCA types 1, 2, 3 and 6. The Clinical Research Consortium for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (CRC-SCA) enrolled 319 participants with SCA1, 2, 3, and 6 from 12 medical centers in the United States and repeatedly measured clinical severity by the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale part IV (UHDRS-IV), and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire during July 2009 to May 2012. We employed generalized estimating equations in regression models to study the longitudinal effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), statin, and vitamin E on clinical severity of ataxia after adjusting for age, sex, and pathological CAG repeat number. Cross-sectionally, exposure to CoQ10 was associated with lower SARA and higher UHDRS-IV scores in SCA1 and 3. No association was found between statins, vitamin E, and clinical outcome. Longitudinally, CoQ10, statins, and vitamin E did not change the rates of clinical deterioration indexed by SARA and UHDRS-IV scores within 2 years. CoQ10 is associated with better clinical outcome in SCA1 and 3. These drug exposures did not appear to influence clinical progression within 2 years. Further studies are warranted to confirm the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Y Lo
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Abstract
Polyglutamine diseases are a class of neurodegenerative diseases that share an expansion of a glutamine-encoding CAG tract in the respective disease genes as a central hallmark. In all of these diseases there is progressive degeneration in a select subset of neurons, and the mechanisms behind this degeneration remain unclear. Emerging evidence from animal models of disease has identified abnormalities in synaptic signaling and intrinsic excitability in affected neurons, which coincide with the onset of symptoms and precede apparent neuropathology. The appearance of these early changes suggests that altered neuronal activity might be an important component of network dysfunction and that these alterations in network physiology could contribute to symptoms of disease. Here we review abnormalities in neuronal function that have been identified in both animal models and patients, and highlight ways in which these changes in neuronal activity may contribute to disease symptoms. We then review the literature supporting an emerging role for abnormalities in neuronal activity as a driver of neurodegeneration. Finally, we identify common themes that emerge from studies of neuronal dysfunction in polyglutamine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chopra
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
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Luna-Cancalon K, Sikora KM, Pappas SS, Singh V, Wulff H, Paulson HL, Burmeister M, Shakkottai VG. Alterations in cerebellar physiology are associated with a stiff-legged gait in Atcay(ji-hes) mice. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 67:140-8. [PMID: 24727095 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by sustained involuntary muscle contractions, can be associated with cerebellar abnormalities. The basis for how functional changes in the cerebellum can cause dystonia is poorly understood. Here we identify alterations in physiology in Atcay(ji-hes) mice which in addition to ataxia, have an abnormal gait with hind limb extension and toe walking, reminiscent of human dystonic gait. No morphological abnormalities in the brain accompany the dystonia, but partial cerebellectomy causes resolution of the stiff-legged gait, suggesting that cerebellar dysfunction contributes to the dystonic gait of Atcay(ji-hes) mice. Recordings from Purkinje and deep cerebellar nuclear (DCN) neurons in acute brain slices were used to determine the physiological correlates of dystonia in the Atcay(ji-hes) mice. Approximately 50% of cerebellar Purkinje neurons fail to display the normal repetitive firing characteristic of these cells. In addition, DCN neurons exhibit increased intrinsic firing frequencies with a subset of neurons displaying bursts of action potentials. This increased intrinsic excitability of DCN neurons is accompanied by a reduction in after-hyperpolarization currents mediated by small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels. An activator of SK channels reduces DCN neuron firing frequency in acute cerebellar slices and improves the dystonic gait of Atcay(ji-hes) mice. These results suggest that a combination of reduced Purkinje neuron activity and increased DCN intrinsic excitability can result in a combination of ataxia and a dystonia-like gait in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine M Sikora
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuel S Pappas
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Psychiatry, Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Abstract
The cerebellum is an important structure for accurate control and timing of movement, and Purkinje neurons in the cerebellar cortex are key players in cerebellar motor control. Cerebellar dysfunction can result in ataxia, a disorder characterized by postural instability, gait disturbances and motor incoordination. Cerebellar ataxia is a symptom of a number of conditions, and the emerging evidence that Purkinje neuron dysfunction, in particular, abnormal Purkinje neuron repetitive firing, is a major driver of motor dysfunction in a subset of dominantly inherited ataxias is dicussed. Abnormalities in Purkinje neuron excitability that are observed in mouse models of each of these disorders, and where appropriate describe studies linking particular ion channels to aberrant excitability are also discussed. Common mechanisms of dysfunction and speculate about potential therapeutic targets, suggesting that Purkinje neuron firing abnormalities are a novel target for improving motor dysfunction in patients with some forms of dominantly inherited ataxia are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chopra
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Alfred A Taubman Biomedical Science Research Building, Room 4009, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Alfred A Taubman Biomedical Science Research Building, Room 4009, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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Ashizawa T, Figueroa KP, Perlman SL, Gomez CM, Wilmot GR, Schmahmann JD, Ying SH, Zesiewicz TA, Paulson HL, Shakkottai VG, Bushara KO, Kuo SH, Geschwind MD, Xia G, Mazzoni P, Krischer JP, Cuthbertson D, Holbert AR, Ferguson JH, Pulst SM, Subramony SH. Clinical characteristics of patients with spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 3 and 6 in the US; a prospective observational study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:177. [PMID: 24225362 PMCID: PMC3843578 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background All spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are rare diseases. SCA1, 2, 3 and 6 are the four most common SCAs, all caused by expanded polyglutamine-coding CAG repeats. Their pathomechanisms are becoming increasingly clear and well-designed clinical trials will be needed. Methods To characterize the clinical manifestations of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, 2, 3 and 6 and their natural histories in the United States (US), we conducted a prospective multicenter study utilized a protocol identical to the European consortium study, using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score as the primary outcome, with follow-ups every 6 months up to 2 years. Results We enrolled 345 patients (60 SCA1, 75 SCA2, 138 SCA3 and 72 SCA6) at 12 US centers. SCA6 patients had a significantly later onset, and SCA2 patients showed greater upper-body ataxia than patients with the remaining SCAs. The annual increase of SARA score was greater in SCA1 patients (mean ± SE: 1.61 ± 0.41) than in SCA2 (0.71 ± 0.31), SCA3 (0.65 ± 0.24) and SCA6 (0.87 ± 0.28) patients (p = 0.049). The functional stage also worsened faster in SCA1 than in SCA2, 3 and 6 (p = 0.002). Conclusions The proportions of different SCA patients in US differ from those in the European consortium study, but as in the European patients, SCA1 progress faster than those with SCA2, 3 and 6. Later onset in SCA6 and greater upper body ataxia in SCA2 were noted. We conclude that progression rates of these SCAs were comparable between US and Europe cohorts, suggesting the feasibility of international collaborative clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 S, Newell Dr,, L3-100, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Abstract
The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias are a diverse and clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by degeneration and dysfunction of the cerebellum and its associated pathways. Clinical and diagnostic evaluation can be challenging because of phenotypic overlap among causes, and a stratified and systematic approach is essential. Recent advances include the identification of additional genes causing dominant genetic ataxia, a better understanding of cellular pathogenesis in several disorders, the generation of new disease models that may stimulate development of new therapies, and the use of new DNA sequencing technologies, including whole-exome sequencing, to improve diagnosis.
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Yu T, Shakkottai VG, Chung C, Lieberman AP. Temporal and cell-specific deletion establishes that neuronal Npc1 deficiency is sufficient to mediate neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4440-51. [PMID: 21856732 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. Loss of function mutations in either gene disrupt intracellular lipid trafficking and lead to a clinically heterogeneous phenotype that invariably includes neurological dysfunction and early death. The mechanism by which impaired lipid transport leads to neurodegeneration is poorly understood. Here we used mice with a conditional null allele to establish the timing and cell type that underlie neurodegeneration due to Npc1 deficiency. We show that global deletion of Npc1 in adult mice leads to progressive weight loss, impaired motor function and early death in a time course similar to that resulting from germline deletion. These phenotypes are associated with the occurrence of characteristic neuropathology including patterned Purkinje cell loss, axonal spheroids and reactive gliosis, demonstrating that there is not a significant developmental component to NPC neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we show that these same changes occur when Npc1 is specifically deleted only in neurons, establishing that neuronal deficiency is sufficient to mediate central nervous system (CNS) disease. In contrast, astrocyte-specific deletion does not impact behavioral phenotypes, CNS histopathology or synaptic function. We conclude that defects arising in neurons, but not in astrocytes, are the determining factor in the development of NPC neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Elrick MJ, Pacheco CD, Yu T, Dadgar N, Shakkottai VG, Ware C, Paulson HL, Lieberman AP. Conditional Niemann-Pick C mice demonstrate cell autonomous Purkinje cell neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 19:837-47. [PMID: 20007718 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathways regulating neuronal vulnerability are poorly understood, yet are central to identifying therapeutic targets for degenerative neurological diseases. Here, we characterize mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by impaired cholesterol trafficking. To date, the relative contributions of neuronal and glial defects to neuron loss are poorly defined. Using gene targeting, we generate Npc1 conditional null mutant mice. Deletion of Npc1 in mature cerebellar Purkinje cells leads to an age-dependent impairment in motor tasks, including rotarod and balance beam performance. Surprisingly, these mice did not show the early death or weight loss that are characteristic of global Npc1 null mice, suggesting that Purkinje cell degeneration does not underlie these phenotypes. Histological examination revealed the progressive loss of Purkinje cells in an anterior-to-posterior gradient. This cell autonomous neurodegeneration occurs in a spatiotemporal pattern similar to that of global knockout mice. A subpopulation of Purkinje cells in the posterior cerebellum exhibits marked resistance to cell death despite Npc1 deletion. To explore this selective response, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of vulnerable and susceptible Purkinje cell subpopulations. Unexpectedly, Purkinje cells in both subpopulations displayed no electrophysiological abnormalities prior to degeneration. Our data establish that Npc1 deficiency leads to cell autonomous, selective neurodegeneration and suggest that the ataxic symptoms of NPC disease arise from Purkinje cell death rather than cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Elrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0605, USA
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49
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Abstract
The ataxias constitute a heterogeneous group of diseases in which cerebellar dysfunction typically underlies the major neurologic manifestations. It is increasingly clear that ataxia can result directly from mutations in ion channels or from perturbations in ion channel physiology in the absence of a primary channel defect. Neuronal dysfunction stemming from perturbed channel activity likely explains some motor deficits in episodic and degenerative ataxias. Understanding these pathophysiologic changes may reveal novel therapeutic targets for symptomatic treatment of ataxia.
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50
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Shakkottai VG, Xiao M, Xu L, Wong M, Nerbonne JM, Ornitz DM, Yamada KA. FGF14 regulates the intrinsic excitability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 33:81-8. [PMID: 18930825 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A missense mutation in the fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) gene underlies SCA27, an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia in humans. Mice with a targeted disruption of the Fgf14 locus (Fgf14(-/-)) develop ataxia resembling human SCA27. We tested the hypothesis that loss of FGF14 affects the firing properties of Purkinje neurons, which play an important role in motor control and coordination. Current clamp recordings from Purkinje neurons in cerebellar slices revealed attenuated spontaneous firing in Fgf14(-/-) neurons. Unlike in the wild type animals, more than 80% of Fgf14(-/-) Purkinje neurons were quiescent and failed to fire repetitively in response to depolarizing current injections. Immunohistochemical examination revealed reduced expression of Nav1.6 protein in Fgf14(-/-) Purkinje neurons. Together, these observations suggest that FGF14 is required for normal Nav1.6 expression in Purkinje neurons, and that the loss of FGF14 impairs spontaneous and repetitive firing in Purkinje neurons by altering the expression of Nav1.6 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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