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Li Y, Cui Y, Liu B, Xu R, Shi Y, Lv L, Wang H, Shang Y, Liang W, Ma F, Li C. γ-Aminobutyric acid plays a key role in alleviating Glomerella leaf spot in apples. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:588-601. [PMID: 36932866 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The fungal disease Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) seriously impacts apple production. As a nonprotein amino acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is widely involved in biotic and abiotic stresses. However, it is not clear whether GABA is involved in a plant's response to GLS, nor is its molecular mechanism understood. Here, we found that exogenous GABA could significantly alleviate GLS, reduce lesion lengths, and increase antioxidant capacity. MdGAD1 was identified as a possible key gene for GABA synthesis in apple. Further analysis indicated that MdGAD1 promoted antioxidant capacity to improve apple GLS resistance in transgenic apple calli and leaves. Yeast one-hybrid analysis identified the transcription factor MdWRKY33 upstream of MdGAD1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, β-glucuronidase activity, and luciferase activity further supported that MdWRKY33 bound directly to the promoter of MdGAD1. The content of GABA and the transcription level of MdGAD1 in the MdWRKY33 transgenic calli were higher than that of the wild type. When MdWRKY33 transgenic calli and leaves were inoculated with GLS, MdWKRY33 positively regulated resistance to GLS. These results explained the positive regulatory effects of GABA on apple GLS and provided insight into the metabolic regulatory network of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yinglian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruixuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanjiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lingling Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yueming Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Hassani SB, Latifi M, Aliniaeifard S, Sohrabi Bonab S, Nasiri Almanghadim N, Jafari S, Mohebbifar E, Ahangir A, Seifikalhor M, Rezadoost H, Bosacchi M, Rastogi A, Bernard F. Response to Cadmium Toxicity: Orchestration of Polyamines and microRNAs in Maize Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1991. [PMID: 37653908 PMCID: PMC10223431 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is widely contaminating the environment due to its uses in industries as corrosive reagents, paints, batteries, etc. Cd can easily be absorbed through plant roots and may have serious negative impacts on plant growth. To investigate the mechanisms utilized by plants to cope with Cd toxicity, an experiment was conducted on maize seedlings. We observed that the plant growth and photosynthetic mechanism were negatively influenced during 20 days of Cd stress. The expression levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ORDC) increased in the six seedlings under Cd exposure compared to the control. However, Cd toxicity led to an increase in putrescine (Put) content only on day 15 when compared to the control plants. In fact, with the exception of day 15, the increases in the ORDC transcript levels did not show a direct correlation with the observed increases in Put content. Spermidine and Spermine levels were reduced on day 6 by Cd application, which was parallel with suppressed Spermidine synthase gene. However, an increase in Spermidine and Spermine levels was observed on day 12 along with a significant elevation in Spermidine synthase expression. On day 6, Cd was observed to start accumulating in the root with an increase in the expression of microRNA 528; while on day 15, Cd started to be observed in the shoot part with an increase in microRNA 390 and microRNA 168. These results imply that different miRNAs may regulate polyamines (PAs) in maize under Cd toxicity, suggesting a plant-derived strategy to commit a PAs/miRNA-regulated mechanism/s in different developmental stages (time points) in response to Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Batool Hassani
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran; (S.B.H.)
| | - Mojgan Latifi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran; (S.B.H.)
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Tehran 33916-53755, Iran
| | - Shabnam Sohrabi Bonab
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran; (S.B.H.)
| | - Neda Nasiri Almanghadim
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran; (S.B.H.)
| | - Sara Jafari
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran; (S.B.H.)
| | - Elham Mohebbifar
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran; (S.B.H.)
| | - Anahita Ahangir
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran; (S.B.H.)
| | | | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Massimo Bosacchi
- Park at the Danforth Plant Science Center, KWS Gateway Research Center, LLC, BRDG, Saint Louis, MO 95618, USA
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Françoise Bernard
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran; (S.B.H.)
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Chen X, Li N, Liu C, Wang H, Li Y, Xie Y, Ma F, Liang J, Li C. Exogenous GABA improves the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2563-2577. [PMID: 35972819 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is an important factor limiting apple production. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) exists widely in plants and participates in the response to abiotic stress as a metabolite or signaling molecule. The role of exogenous GABA in apple plants, response to long-term drought stress remains unclear. Our study confirmed that exogenous GABA affects the drought resistance of apple plants under long-term drought stress. We found that 1 mM exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress. The plants showed better growth, less reactive oxygen radical accumulation, less damage to cell membranes and greater active photosynthetic capacity. Under long-term drought stress, exogenous GABA facilitated GABA shunt, resulting in more accumulation of organic acids, namely citric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, in roots and stems of apple seedlings. In addition, exogenous GABA upregulated the expression of cellulose-related genes and lignin-related genes, and activated secondary cell wall-related transcription factors to synthesize more cellulose and lignin. A multiple factorial analysis confirmed that the GABA shunt and the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin substantially contributed to the growth of apple seedlings with the application of exogenous GABA under long-term drought stress. Our results suggested that exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiakai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Ferreira TMM, Ferreira Filho JA, Leão AP, de Sousa CAF, Souza MTJ. Structural and functional analysis of stress-inducible genes and their promoters selected from young oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis) under salt stress. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:735. [PMCID: PMC9620643 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soil salinity is a problem in more than 100 countries across all continents. It is one of the abiotic stress that threatens agriculture the most, negatively affecting crops and reducing productivity. Transcriptomics is a technology applied to characterize the transcriptome in a cell, tissue, or organism at a given time via RNA-Seq, also known as full-transcriptome shotgun sequencing. This technology allows the identification of most genes expressed at a particular stage, and different isoforms are separated and transcript expression levels measured. Once determined by this technology, the expression profile of a gene must undergo validation by another, such as quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study aimed to select, annotate, and validate stress-inducible genes—and their promoters—differentially expressed in the leaves of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plants under saline stress. Results The transcriptome analysis led to the selection of 14 genes that underwent structural and functional annotation, besides having their expression validated using the qRT-PCR technique. When compared, the RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR profiles of those genes resulted in some inconsistencies. The structural and functional annotation analysis of proteins coded by the selected genes showed that some of them are orthologs of genes reported as conferring resistance to salinity in other species. There were those coding for proteins related to the transport of salt into and out of cells, transcriptional regulatory activity, and opening and closing of stomata. The annotation analysis performed on the promoter sequence revealed 22 distinct types of cis-acting elements, and 14 of them are known to be involved in abiotic stress. Conclusion This study has helped validate the process of an accurate selection of genes responsive to salt stress with a specific and predefined expression profile and their promoter sequence. Its results also can be used in molecular-genetics-assisted breeding programs. In addition, using the identified genes is a window of opportunity for strategies trying to relieve the damages arising from the salt stress in many glycophyte crops with economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Massaro Malheiros Ferreira
- grid.411269.90000 0000 8816 9513Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG CP 3037, Brazil
| | - Jaire Alves Ferreira Filho
- grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, 70770-901 Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - André Pereira Leão
- grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, 70770-901 Brasília, DF Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Teixeira Jr. Souza
- grid.411269.90000 0000 8816 9513Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG CP 3037, Brazil ,grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, 70770-901 Brasília, DF Brazil
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Zhang J, Liang L, Xiao J, Xie Y, Zhu L, Xue X, Xu L, Zhou P, Ran J, Huang Z, Sun G, Lai Y, Sun B, Tang Y, Li H. Genome-Wide Identification of Polyamine Oxidase (PAO) Family Genes: Roles of CaPAO2 and CaPAO4 in the Cold Tolerance of Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179999. [PMID: 36077395 PMCID: PMC9456136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine oxidases (PAOs), which are flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes, catalyze polyamine (PA) catabolism, producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Several PAO family members have been identified in plants, but their expression in pepper plants remains unclear. Here, six PAO genes were identified in the ‘Zunla-1’ pepper genome (named CaPAO1–CaPAO6 according to their chromosomal positions). The PAO proteins were divided into four subfamilies according to phylogenetics: CaPAO1 belongs to subfamily I; CaPAO3 and CaPAO5 belong to subfamily III; and CaPAO2, CaPAO4, and CaPAO6 belong to subfamily IV (none belong to subfamily II). CaPAO2, CaPAO4, and CaPAO6 were ubiquitously and highly expressed in all tissues, CaPAO1 was mainly expressed in flowers, whereas CaPAO3 and CaPAO5 were expressed at very low levels in all tissues. RNA-seq analysis revealed that CaPAO2 and CaPAO4 were notably upregulated by cold stress. CaPAO2 and CaPAO4 were localized in the peroxisome, and spermine was the preferred substrate for PA catabolism. CaPAO2 and CaPAO4 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced freezing-stress tolerance by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and decreasing malondialdehyde, H2O2, and superoxide accumulation, accompanied by the upregulation of cold-responsive genes (AtCOR15A, AtRD29A, AtCOR47, and AtKIN1). Thus, we identified candidate PAO genes for breeding cold-stress-tolerant transgenic pepper cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Le Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiachang Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongdong Xie
- Institute for Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinru Xue
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linyu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peihan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianzhao Ran
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunsong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ, Shelp BJ. γ-Aminobutyrate Improves the Postharvest Marketability of Horticultural Commodities: Advances and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884572. [PMID: 35693167 PMCID: PMC9174936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest deterioration can result in qualitative and quantitative changes in the marketability of horticultural commodities, as well as considerable economic loss to the industry. Low temperature and controlled atmosphere conditions (low O2 and elevated CO2) are extensively employed to prolong the postharvest life of these commodities. Nevertheless, they may suffer from chilling injury and other physiological disorders, as well as excessive water loss and bacterial/fungal decay. Research on the postharvest physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of horticultural commodities indicates that low temperature/controlled atmosphere storage is associated with the promotion of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) pathway activity, with or without the accumulation of GABA, delaying senescence, preserving quality and ameliorating chilling injury. Regardless of whether apple fruits are stored under low temperature/controlled atmosphere conditions or room temperature, elevated endogenous GABA or exogenous GABA maintains their quality by stimulating the activity of the GABA shunt (glutamate GABA succinic semialdehyde succinate) and the synthesis of malate, and delaying fruit ripening. This outcome is associated with changes in the genetic and biochemical regulation of key GABA pathway reactions. Flux estimates suggest that the GABA pool is derived primarily from glutamate, rather than polyamines, and that succinic semialdehyde is converted mainly to succinate, rather than γ-hydroxybutyrate. Exogenous GABA is a promising strategy for promoting the level of endogenous GABA and the activity of the GABA shunt in both intact and fresh-cut commodities, which increases carbon flux through respiratory pathways, restores or partially restores redox and energy levels, and improves postharvest marketability. The precise mechanisms whereby GABA interacts with other signaling molecules such as Ca2+, H2O2, polyamines, salicylic acid, nitric oxide and melatonin, or with phytohormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin remain unknown. The occurrence of the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the glutamate/aspartate/GABA exchanger in the tonoplast, respectively, offers prospects for reducing transpirational water in cut flowers and immature green fruit, and for altering the development, flavor and biotic resistance of apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Wu J, Kamanga BM, Zhang W, Xu Y, Xu L. Research progress of aldehyde oxidases in plants. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13119. [PMID: 35356472 PMCID: PMC8958963 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant aldehyde oxidases (AOs) are multi-functional enzymes, and they could oxidize abscisic aldehyde into ABA (abscisic acid) or indole acetaldehyde into IAA (indoleacetic acid) as the last step, respectively. AOs can be divided into four groups based on their biochemical and physiological functions. In this review, we summarized the recent studies about AOs in plants including the motif information, biochemical, and physiological functions. Besides their role in phytohormones biosynthesis and stress response, AOs could also involve in reactive oxygen species homeostasis, aldehyde detoxification and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Blair Moses Kamanga
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Xu
- Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Li Q, You J, Qiao T, Zhong DB, Yu X. Sodium chloride stimulates the biomass and astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis via a two-stage cultivation strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126214. [PMID: 34715336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge facing by astaxanthin industrialization is the low productivity and high production costs. This study established a two-stage cultivation strategy based on the application of NaCl to improve the production of biomass and astaxanthin by Haematococcus pluvialis. During the first growth stage, 12.5 mg L-1 NaCl led to a remarkable enhancement in biomass, which was 1.28 times compared with the control. Moreover, 2 g L-1 NaCl stimulated the astaxanthin content from 12.18 mg g-1 to 25.92 mg g-1 during the second induction stage. Simultaneously, salinity stress application increased the lipids and GABA contents, as well as the levels of Ca2+ and carotenogenic genes' expression, but suppressed the contents of carbohydrate and protein and high-light induced-ROS. This study proposed a simple and convenient strategy for efficient coproduction of biomass and astaxanthin and provides insights into the underlying mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis induced by salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jinkun You
- Kunming Edible Fungi Institute of All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Tengsheng Qiao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Du-Bo Zhong
- Yunnan Yunce Quality Testing Co., Ltd, Kunming 650217, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Shelp BJ. From plant biology research to technology transfer and knowledge extension: improving food quality and mitigating environmental impacts. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic scientists face an unpredictable path from plant biology research to real-life application. Fundamental studies of γ-aminobutyrate and carotenoid metabolism, control of Botrytis infection, and the uptake and distribution of mineral nutrients illustrate that most academic research in plant biology could lead to innovative solutions for food, agriculture, and the environment. The time to application depends on various factors such as the fundamental nature of the scientific questions, the development of enabling technologies, the research priorities of funding agencies, the existence of competitive research, the willingness of researchers to become engaged in commercial activities, and ultimately the insight and creativity of the researchers. Applied research is likely to be adopted more rapidly by industry than basic research, so academic scientists engaged in basic research are less likely to participate in science commercialization. It is argued that the merit of Discovery Grant applications to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada should not be evaluated for their potential impact on policy and (or) technology. Matching industry funds in Canada rarely support the search for knowledge. Therefore, NSERC Discovery Grants should fund basic research in its entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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10
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Shelp BJ, Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ. γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) Regulated Plant Defense: Mechanisms and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34579473 PMCID: PMC8468876 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic stresses reduce respiration and associated energy generation in mitochondria, resulting in the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are employed to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing conditions. Excessive ROS accumulation can contribute to cell damage and death. Production of the non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) is also stimulated, resulting in partial restoration of respiratory processes and energy production. Accumulated GABA can bind directly to the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel, thereby improving drought and hypoxia tolerance, respectively. Genetic manipulation of GABA metabolism and receptors, respectively, reveal positive relationships between GABA levels and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, and between malate efflux from the root and heavy metal tolerance. The application of exogenous GABA is associated with lower ROS levels, enhanced membrane stability, changes in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, and crosstalk among phytohormones. Exogenous GABA may be an effective and sustainable tolerance strategy against multiple stresses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran;
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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Li L, Dou N, Zhang H, Wu C. The versatile GABA in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1862565. [PMID: 33404284 PMCID: PMC7889023 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1862565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a ubiquitous four-carbon, non-protein amino acid. GABA has been widely studied in animal central nervous systems, where it acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. In plants, it is metabolized through the GABA shunt pathway, a bypass of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Additionally, it can be synthesized through the polyamine metabolic pathway. GABA acts as a signal in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated plant gene transformation and in plant development, especially in pollen tube elongation (to enter the ovule), root growth, fruit ripening, and seed germination. It is accumulated during plant responses to environmental stresses and pathogen and insect attacks. A high concentration of GABA elevates plant stress tolerance by improving photosynthesis, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activating antioxidant enzymes, and regulating stomatal opening in drought stress. The transporters of GABA in plants are reviewed in this work. We summarize the recent research on GABA function and transporters with the goal of providing a review of GABA in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
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12
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Sangpong L, Khaksar G, Pinsorn P, Oikawa A, Sasaki R, Erban A, Watanabe M, Wangpaiboon K, Tohge T, Kopka J, Hoefgen R, Saito K, Sirikantaramas S. Assessing Dynamic Changes of Taste-Related Primary Metabolism During Ripening of Durian Pulp Using Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:687799. [PMID: 34220909 PMCID: PMC8250156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Durian is an economically important fruit of Southeast Asia. There is, however, a lack of in-depth information on the alteration of its metabolic networks during ripening. Here, we annotated 94 ripening-associated metabolites from the pulp of durian cv. Monthong fruit at unripe and ripe stages, using capillary electrophoresis- and gas chromatography- time-of-flight mass spectrometry, specifically focusing on taste-related metabolites. During ripening, sucrose content increased. Change in raffinose-family oligosaccharides are reported herein for the first time. The malate and succinate contents increased, while those of citrate, an abundant organic acid, were unchanged. Notably, most amino acids increased, including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, whereas aspartate decreased, and glutamate was unchanged. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis was performed to analyze the dynamic changes in sugar metabolism, glycolysis, TCA cycle, and amino acid pathways to identify key candidate genes. Taken together, our results elucidate the fundamental taste-related metabolism of durian, which can be exploited to develop durian metabolic and genetic markers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalida Sangpong
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gholamreza Khaksar
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pinnapat Pinsorn
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sasaki
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Plant Secondary Metabolism, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Plant Secondary Metabolism, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Sensory Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Supaart Sirikantaramas,
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13
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Li Y, Liu C, Sun X, Liu B, Zhang X, Liang W, Huo L, Wang P, Ma F, Li C. Overexpression of MdATG18a enhances alkaline tolerance and GABA shunt in apple through increased autophagy under alkaline conditions. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1509-1519. [PMID: 32816019 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil alkalization affects apple production in northwest China. Autophagy is a highly conserved degradative protein pathway in eukaryotes. Autophagy in plants can be activated by various abiotic factors. We previously identified the positive role of the autophagy-related gene MdATG18a in drought, nitrogen deficiency and resistance to Diplocarpon mali infection in apple. However, it is still unclear whether ATG18a is related to alkaline stress. In this study, we used hydroponic culture to simulate alkaline stress and found that the overexpression of MdATG18a significantly improved the tolerance of apple to alkaline stress. The overexpression of MdATG18a increased biomass, photosynthetic rate and antioxidant capacity of transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants under alkaline stress. The overexpression of MdATG18a promoted γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt via an increase in glutamate (GABA precursor) and GABA contents and upregulation of GABA shunt-related genes. In addition, the overexpression of MdATG18a significantly upregulated the expression of other core ATG genes and increased the formation of autophagosomes under alkaline stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that the overexpression of MdATG18a in apple enhances alkaline tolerance and the GABA shunt, which may be owing to the increase in autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Liuqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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14
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Gholizadeh F, Mirzaghaderi G. Genome-wide analysis of the polyamine oxidase gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) reveals involvement in temperature stress response. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236226. [PMID: 32866160 PMCID: PMC7458318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine oxidases (AOs) including copper containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) and FAD-dependent polyamine oxidases (PAOs) are associated with polyamine catabolism in the peroxisome, apoplast and cytoplasm and play an essential role in growth and developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we identified PAO genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum), T. urartu and Aegilops tauschii and reported the genome organization, evolutionary features and expression profiles of the wheat PAO genes (TaPAO). Expression analysis using publicly available RNASeq data showed that TaPAO genes are expressed redundantly in various tissues and developmental stages. A large percentage of TaPAOs respond significantly to abiotic stresses, especially temperature (i.e. heat and cold stress). Some TaPAOs were also involved in response to other stresses such as powdery mildew, stripe rust and Fusarium infection. Overall, TaPAOs may have various functions in stress tolerances responses, and play vital roles in different tissues and developmental stages. Our results provided a reference for further functional investigation of TaPAO proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gholizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghader Mirzaghaderi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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15
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Karagiannis E, Michailidis M, Tanou G, Scossa F, Sarrou E, Stamatakis G, Samiotaki M, Martens S, Fernie AR, Molassiotis A. Decoding altitude-activated regulatory mechanisms occurring during apple peel ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:120. [PMID: 32821403 PMCID: PMC7395160 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) is an important fruit crop cultivated in a broad range of environmental conditions. Apple fruit ripening is a physiological process, whose molecular regulatory network response to different environments is still not sufficiently investigated and this is particularly true of the peel tissue. In this study, the influence of environmental conditions associated with low (20 m) and high (750 m) altitude on peel tissue ripening was assessed by physiological measurements combined with metabolomic and proteomic analyses during apple fruit development and ripening. Although apple fruit ripening was itself not affected by the different environmental conditions, several key color parameters, such as redness and color index, were notably induced by high altitude. Consistent with this observation, increased levels of anthocyanin and other phenolic compounds, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, and chlorogenic acid were identified in the peel of apple grown at high altitude. Moreover, the high-altitude environment was characterized by elevated abundance of various carbohydrates (e.g., arabinose, xylose, and sucrose) but decreased levels of glutamic acid and several related proteins, such as glycine hydroxymethyltransferase and glutamate-glyoxylate aminotransferase. Other processes affected by high altitude were the TCA cycle, the synthesis of oxidative/defense enzymes, and the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins. From the obtained data we were able to construct a metabolite-protein network depicting the impact of altitude on peel ripening. The combined analyses presented here provide new insights into physiological processes linking apple peel ripening with the prevailing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001 Greece
| | - Federico Scossa
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1., Potsdam-Golm, 14476 Germany
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Eirini Sarrou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001 Greece
| | - George Stamatakis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, 16672 Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, 16672 Greece
| | - Stefan Martens
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN Italy
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1., Potsdam-Golm, 14476 Germany
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Effects of nitric oxide on the GABA, polyamines, and proline in tea (Camellia sinensis) roots under cold stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12240. [PMID: 32699288 PMCID: PMC7376168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea plant often suffers from low temperature induced damage during its growth. How to improve the cold resistance of tea plant is an urgent problem to be solved. Nitric oxide (NO), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and proline have been proved that can improve the cold resistance of tea plants, and signal transfer and biosynthesis link between them may enhance their function. NO is an important gas signal material in plant growth, but our understanding of the effects of NO on the GABA shunt, proline and NO biosynthesis are limited. In this study, the tea roots were treated with a NO donor (SNAP), NO scavenger (PTIO), and NO synthase inhibitor (L-NNA). SNAP could improve activities of arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, GABA transaminase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and the expression level of related genes during the treatments. The contents of putrescine and spermidine under SNAP treatment were 45.3% and 37.3% higher compared to control at 24 h, and the spermine content under PTIO treatment were 57.6% lower compare to control at 12 h. Accumulation of proline of SNAP and L-NNA treatments was 52.2% and 43.2% higher than control at 48 h, indicating other pathway of NO biosynthesis in tea roots. In addition, the NO accelerated the consumption of GABA during cold storage. These facts indicate that NO enhanced the cold tolerance of tea, which might regulate the metabolism of the GABA shunt and of proline, associated with NO biosynthesis.
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17
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Brizzolara S, Manganaris GA, Fotopoulos V, Watkins CB, Tonutti P. Primary Metabolism in Fresh Fruits During Storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:80. [PMID: 32140162 PMCID: PMC7042374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The extension of commercial life and the reduction of postharvest losses of perishable fruits is mainly based on storage at low temperatures alone or in combination with modified atmospheres (MAs) and controlled atmospheres (CAs), directed primarily at reducing their overall metabolism thus delaying ripening and senescence. Fruits react to postharvest conditions with desirable changes if appropriate protocols are applied, but otherwise can develop negative and unacceptable traits due to the onset of physiological disorders. Extended cold storage periods and/or inappropriate temperatures can result in development of chilling injuries (CIs). The etiology, incidence, and severity of such symptoms vary even within cultivars of the same species, indicating the genotype significance. Carbohydrates and amino acids have protective/regulating roles in CI development. MA/CA storage protocols involve storage under hypoxic conditions and high carbon dioxide concentrations that can maximize quality over extended storage periods but are also affected by the cultivar, exposure time, and storage temperatures. Pyruvate metabolism is highly reactive to changes in oxygen concentration and is greatly affected by the shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Ethylene-induced changes in fruits can also have deleterious effects under cold storage and MA/CA conditions, affecting susceptibility to chilling and carbon dioxide injuries. The availability of the inhibitor of ethylene perception 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has not only resulted in development of a new technology but has also been used to increase understanding of the role of ethylene in ripening of both non-climacteric and climacteric fruits. Temperature, MA/CA, and 1-MCP alter fruit physiology and biochemistry, resulting in compositional changes in carbon- and nitrogen-related metabolisms and compounds. Successful application of these storage technologies to fruits must consider their effects on the metabolism of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George A. Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Christopher B. Watkins
- School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Pietro Tonutti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Tonutti,
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18
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Ding W, Li Q, Han B, Zhao Y, Geng S, Ning D, Ma T, Yu X. Comparative physiological and metabolomic analyses of the hyper-accumulation of astaxanthin and lipids in Haematococcus pluvialis upon treatment with butylated hydroxyanisole. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:122002. [PMID: 31437797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The major goal of this study was to explore the functions of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) combined with abiotic stress on the cultivation of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis for astaxanthin and lipid production. Here, the effect of BHA on astaxanthin and lipid accumulation and physiological and metabolomic profiles was investigated. These results suggested that astaxanthin content was increased by 2.17-fold compared to the control. The lipid content was enhanced by 1.22-fold. BHA treatment simultaneously reduced carbohydrates and protein and delayed the decay of chlorophyll. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis demonstrated that BHA upregulated and activated the bioprocesses involved in cellular basal metabolism and signalling systems, such as glycolysis, the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism and the phosphatidylinositol signalling system, thus enhancing astaxanthin and lipid accumulation. Altogether, this research shows the dramatic effects of BHA on algal metabolism in the regulation of key metabolic nodes and provides novel insights into microalgal regulation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Benyong Han
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Delu Ning
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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19
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Feng K, Liu JX, Xing GM, Sun S, Li S, Duan AQ, Wang F, Li MY, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Selection of appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis under abiotic stress and hormone treatment in celery. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7925. [PMID: 31660275 PMCID: PMC6815649 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Celery is one of the most important vegetable crop and its yield and quality is influenced by many environmental factors. Researches on gene expression not only help to unravel the molecular regulatory mechanism but also identify the key genes in the biological response. RT-qPCR is a commonly used technology to quantify the gene expression. Selecting an appropriate reference gene is an effective approach to improve the accuracy of RT-qPCR assay. To our knowledge, the evaluation of reference genes under different treatments in celery has not been reported yet. In this study, the expression stabilities of eight candidate reference genes (ACTIN, eIF-4α , GAPDH, TBP, TUB-A, UBC, TUB-B, and EF-1α ) under abiotic stresses (heat, cold, drought, and salt) and hormone treatments (SA, MeJA, GA, and ABA) were detected. The expression stabilities of candidate genes were compared and ranked by geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and RefFinder programs. The results calculated by different programs were not completely consistent. Considering the comprehensive analysis results, ACTIN was the most stable reference gene and TUB-B showed the worst expression stabilities under the selected abiotic stress and hormone treatments in celery. The reliability of reference genes was further confirmed by the normalization of CAT1 gene under drought stress. This study presented evidences and basis to select the appropriate reference genes under different treatments in celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie-xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Ming Xing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Sen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Ding W, Cui J, Zhao Y, Han B, Li T, Zhao P, Xu JW, Yu X. Enhancing Haematococcus pluvialis biomass and γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation by two-step cultivation and salt supplementation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121334. [PMID: 30991185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to assess the roles of chemical factors and bioprocess strategies on a mixotrophic culture of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis during γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production. A two-stage strategy was used to increase the biomass and GABA accumulation of H. pluvialis. In stage I, mixotrophic growth of H. pluvialis in the presence of fulvic acid (FA) produced a high biomass (1.84 g L-1) with a GABA content of 25.45 mg g-1. Furthermore, a maximum GABA content of 38.57 mg g-1 was obtained when cells were cultured with 0.4 g L-1 NaCl under photoautotrophic conditions in stage II, whereas the carbohydrate content of cells sharply decreased from 26.68 to 18.22%. In addition, salt stress upregulated the expression of the gad and cam genes. The results of this study demonstrate an efficient strategy to produce GABA from the microalga H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Benyong Han
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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21
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Yu Z, Jia D, Liu T. Polyamine Oxidases Play Various Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E184. [PMID: 31234345 PMCID: PMC6632040 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines not only play roles in plant growth and development, but also adapt to environmental stresses. Polyamines can be oxidized by copper-containing diamine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs). Two types of PAOs exist in the plant kingdom; one type catalyzes the back conversion (BC-type) pathway and the other catalyzes the terminal catabolism (TC-type) pathway. The catabolic features and biological functions of plant PAOs have been investigated in various plants in the past years. In this review, we focus on the advance of PAO studies in rice, Arabidopsis, and tomato, and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8042, USA.
| | - Taibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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22
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Toscano S, Trivellini A, Cocetta G, Bulgari R, Francini A, Romano D, Ferrante A. Effect of Preharvest Abiotic Stresses on the Accumulation of Bioactive Compounds in Horticultural Produce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1212. [PMID: 31636647 PMCID: PMC6788460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The quality of horticultural products is the result of the interaction of different factors, including grower's crop management ability, genotype, and environment. Sub-optimal environmental conditions during plant growth can induce abiotic stresses and reduce the crop performance with yield reduction and quality losses. However, abiotic stresses can induce several physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses in plants, aiming to cope with the stressful conditions. It is well known that these abiotic stresses are also elicitors of the biosynthesis of many metabolites in plants, including a wide range of bioactive compounds, which firstly serve as functional molecules for crop adaptation, but they have also a great interest for their beneficial effects on human health. Nowadays, the consumer is oriented to low-energy foods with low fat content, but at the same time, growing attention is paid to the presence of bioactive molecules, which are recognized as health-related compounds and concur to the nutraceutical value of plant-derived foods. In this context, fruit and vegetables play an important role as sources of bioactive ingredients in the diet. At the cultivation level, the understanding of crop responses to abiotic stresses and how they act in the biosynthesis/accumulation of these bioactive compounds is crucial. In fact, controlled abiotic stresses can be used as tools for improving the nutraceutical value of fruit and vegetables. This review focuses on the quality of vegetables and fruits as affected by preharvest abiotic stressors, with particular attention to the effect on the nutraceutical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toscano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giacomo Cocetta,
| | - Roberta Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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23
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Han S, Nan Y, Qu W, He Y, Ban Q, Lv Y, Rao J. Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid Treatment That Contributes to Regulation of Malate Metabolism and Ethylene Synthesis in Apple Fruit during Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13473-13482. [PMID: 30512945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic acid is an important indicator of fruit quality, and malate is the predominant organic acid in apple fruit. However, the regulation of malate metabolism in postharvest fruit is rarely reported. Here, we found that, compared with a control treatment, a 10 mM γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment remarkably delayed the loss of tiftratable acidity and malate and increased the succinate and oxalate contents in "Cripps Pink" fruit stored in polyethylene bags at room temperature. The higher malate levels in GABA-treated fruit were accompanied by higher activities of cytosolic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent malate dehydrogenase (cyNAD-MDH) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) but lower cytosolic NAD phosphate-dependent malic enzyme (cyNADP-ME) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities than those seen in control fruit. Notably, ethylene production was significantly reduced by GABA treatment, paralleling the downregulation of MdACS, MdACO, and MdERF expression. Meanwhile, GABA treatment also enhanced the activity of the GABA shunt and promoted the accumulation of GABA. This study provides new insights into the regulation of malate metabolism and reports for the first time the possible interplay between GABA and ethylene signaling pathways in apple fruit during postharvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukun Han
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Yuyu Nan
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Wei Qu
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Yiheng He
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Qiuyan Ban
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Yanrong Lv
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Jingping Rao
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
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24
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Flaherty EJ, Lum GB, DeEll JR, Subedi S, Shelp BJ, Bozzo GG. Metabolic Alterations in Postharvest Pear Fruit As Influenced by 1-Methylcyclopropene and Controlled Atmosphere Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12989-12999. [PMID: 30472842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and controlled atmosphere (CA) on the metabolism of targeted amino acids, organic acids, and antioxidants in stored 'AC Harrow Crisp' pears and their relationships to storage disorders. Pears were treated with 0 or 300 nL L-1 1-MCP and stored at 0 °C under ambient air or CA. Spectrophotometric assays demonstrated that glutathione levels fluctuated with storage and were most preserved by 1-MCP under ambient air. HPLC analysis revealed that ascorbate concentrations declined with storage and were little affected by 1-MCP and CA. Citrate, lactate, and fumarate accumulated with storage but were differentially affected by 1-MCP. Aspartate and glutamate concentrations were greater with 1-MCP; γ-aminobutyrate accumulated in disordered fruit. Principal component analysis demonstrated that alterations in citrate and fumarate were, respectively, correlated with internal breakdown and senescent scald. γ-Aminobutyrate and alanine were associated with internal cavities. All disorders were associated with antioxidant depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road E. , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Geoffrey B Lum
- Department of Plant Agriculture , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road E. , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jennifer R DeEll
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs , Box 587, 1283 Blueline Road at Highway 3 , Simcoe , Ontario , Canada N3Y 4N5
| | - Sanjeena Subedi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences , Binghamton University-State University of New York , 4440 Vestal Parkway E., Binghamton, New York 13902 , United States
| | - Barry J Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road E. , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Gale G Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road E. , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
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