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Zhu Y, Ma L, Geng S, Ruan J. Optimization of nutrient management improves productivity, quality and sustainability of albino tea cultivar Baiye-1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1369015. [PMID: 38756965 PMCID: PMC11096497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1369015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Proper nutrient management is crucially important to the sustainable development of tea production. Compared to normal green-leaf cultivars, albino tea cultivars produce green tea of superior quality characterized by high contents of amino acids as a result of the hydrolysis of chloroplast proteins at albinism. However, the advantage of albino tea cultivars was offset by inferior growth and yield performance because of low contents of chlorophylls and limited photosynthesis capacity. Our understanding about the nutrition characteristics of albino tea cultivars was very limited. A four-year field experiment was conducted to develop proper nutrient management for Baiye-1 to overcome its weakness of low productivity without a tradeoff in tea quality and environmental risks. The nutrient management schemes were formulated by optimizing the rate and ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus, potassium and magnesium together with substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic manures. The total amounts of nutrients in the optimized schemes were reduced by 25% compared to the local farmers' practice (FP). Results showed that optimized rates and ratio of nutrients together with partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with rapeseed cake manure more considerably improved albino tea yield, the contents of free amino acids, total polyphenol and catechins relative to FP. Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with commercial livestock manure decreased tea quality, which was likely caused by a dilution effect of increasing tea yield and decreasing N status of tea plants. Full organic substitution of chemical fertilizers by rapeseed cake manure improved tea yield and quality but had relatively low agronomic efficiency and profit. The effect of optimized nutrient management schemes was associated with the improvement of nutritional status in tea plants. The present work demonstrated that the optimization of nutrient management considerably improved albino tea yield, quality and profit while decreased the application rate of fertilizers and the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saipan Geng
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Hu ZH, Zhang N, Qin ZY, Li JW, Tao JP, Yang N, Chen Y, Kong JY, Luo W, Chen X, Li XH, Xiong AS, Zhuang J. Circadian rhythm response and its effect on photosynthetic characteristics of the Lhcb family genes in tea plant. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:333. [PMID: 38664694 PMCID: PMC11044350 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock, also known as the circadian rhythm, is responsible for predicting daily and seasonal changes in the environment, and adjusting various physiological and developmental processes to the appropriate times during plant growth and development. The circadian clock controls the expression of the Lhcb gene, which encodes the chlorophyll a/b binding protein. However, the roles of the Lhcb gene in tea plant remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, a total of 16 CsLhcb genes were identified based on the tea plant genome, which were distributed on 8 chromosomes of the tea plant. The promoter regions of CsLhcb genes have a variety of cis-acting elements including hormonal, abiotic stress responses and light response elements. The CsLhcb family genes are involved in the light response process in tea plant. The photosynthetic parameter of tea leaves showed rhythmic changes during the two photoperiod periods (48 h). Stomata are basically open during the day and closed at night. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that most of the CsLhcb family genes were highly expressed during the day, but were less expressed at night. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that CsLhcb genes were involved in the circadian clock process of tea plant, it also provided potential references for further understanding of the function of CsLhcb gene family in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hang Hu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Qin
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing-Wen Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie-Yu Kong
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing-Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wang Y, Wang T, Qi S, Zhao J, Kong J, Xue Z, Sun W, Zeng W. Genome-wide identification, expression profiling, and protein interaction analysis of the CCoAOMT gene family in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). BMC Genomics 2024; 25:238. [PMID: 38438984 PMCID: PMC10913456 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The caffeoyl-CoA-O methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) family plays a crucial role in the oxidative methylation of phenolic substances and is involved in various plant processes, including growth, development, and stress response. However, there is a limited understanding of the interactions among CCoAOMT protein members in tea plants. RESULTS In this study, we identified 10 members of the CsCCoAOMT family in the genome of Camellia sinensis (cultivar 'HuangDan'), characterized by conserved gene structures and motifs. These CsCCoAOMT members were located on six different chromosomes (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 14). Based on phylogenetic analysis, CsCCoAOMT can be divided into two groups: I and II. Notably, the CsCCoAOMT members of group Ia are likely to be candidate genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Moreover, through the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, we established protein interaction networks for the CsCCoAOMT family, revealing 9 pairs of members with interaction relationships. CONCLUSIONS We identified the CCoAOMT gene family in Camellia sinensis and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their classifications, phylogenetic and synteny relationships, gene structures, protein interactions, tissue-specific expression patterns, and responses to various stresses. Our findings shed light on the evolution and composition of CsCCoAOMT. Notably, the observed interaction among CCoAOMT proteins suggests the potential formation of the O-methyltransferase (OMT) complex during the methylation modification process, expanding our understanding of the functional roles of this gene family in diverse biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyu Qi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiumei Kong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Xue
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350028, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weijiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wen Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
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Chang M, Sun Y, Fang K, Fu M, Ma J, Gao Y, Chen Q, Liu L, Zhang Z, Wan X, Sun J. CsMYB73 negatively regulates theanine accumulation mediated by CsGGT2 and CsGGT4 in tea shoots ( Camellia sinensis). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae012. [PMID: 38464471 PMCID: PMC10923645 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Theanine metabolism is a necessary biological process during the planting and production of tea that determines tea quality. There is currently little knowledge about the transcriptional regulation of theanine metabolism in tea plants. In this study, we demonstrated that γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase CsGGT4, as a homologous protein of the theanine hydrolase CsGGT2, exhibited a higher theanine synthesis catalytic efficiency. Homology modeling and molecular docking showed that differential protein structures between CsGGT2 and CsGGT4 implied their different biological functions in tea plants. Theanine content correlated significantly with the expression of CsGGT2, CsGGT4 and the transcription factor CsMYB73 in tea shoots from different seasons. Additionally, CsMYB73 was confirmed to act as a nucleus-localized transcription factor (TF), directly interacts with the CsGGT2 and CsGGT4 promoters, serving as an activator of CsGGT2 and a suppressor of CsGGT4. Consequently, this leads to a negative association with theanine accumulation in tea shoots. Furthermore, the continuous increase in CsMYB73 produced a significantly increase in CsGGT2 expression and inhibited CsGGT4 expression. The present study reveals that the degradation of theanine has been observed to increase, concomitantly with the inhibition of theanine synthesis, resulting in a significant decline in the accumulation of theanine in tea shoots during the process of seasonal greening in 'Huangkui' leaves. This study contributes to the broader comprehension of the intricate transcriptional regulatory hierarchy that governs the metabolism of theanine in tea shoots, offering novel approaches for managing tea plantations and enhancing tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kangzhi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Maoyin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, China
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5
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Çelik Ş. Bibliometric analysis of horticultural crop secondary metabolism. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26079. [PMID: 38390077 PMCID: PMC10881373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of the study was to examine the trends in recent years by analyzing 750 studies, 3619 authors, and 166 sources with the statement "Horticultural Crop Secondary Metabolism" in the article title published within the scope of SCI-Expanded and "Scopus" journals in between the years 2010 and 2023. In this case, the Web of Science Core Collection database was scanned under the heading "Horticultural Crop Secondary Metabolism", and bibliometric information was gathered. In order to advance research on horticulture crops, current problems and recommend solutions within "Horticultural Crop Secondary Metabolism" were identified in this study. The number of publications, publication kinds, reference analyses, total citations per year, most common words, most often cited local authors, most pertinent affiliations, and most pertinent sources were all examined in relation to the research. According to the findings, Horticulture Research, Frontiers in Plant Science, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry: PPB, Scientific Reports, and BMC Genomics are the journals that publish the most papers on "Horticultural Crop Secondary Metabolism". The phrases "gene expression regulation plant", "transcriptome", and "plant proteins" are used most frequently. Because of this, the increase of bibliometrics study can be very beneficial by serving as a catalyst for horticulture crop research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şenol Çelik
- Biometry Genetics Unit, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
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6
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Yang T, Zhang D, Cai M, Zhang H, Pan X, You J, Zhang X, Xu M, Rao Z. Combining protein and metabolic engineering strategies for high-level production of L-theanine in Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130200. [PMID: 38103752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
L-theanine is a natural non-protein amino acid with wide applications. Thus, a high yield of L-theanine production is required on an industrial scale. Herein, an efficient L-theanine-producing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum was constructed by combining protein and metabolic engineering. Firstly, a γ-glutamylmethylamide synthetase from Paracoccus aminovorans (PaGMAS) was isolated and engineered by computer-aided design, the resulting mutant E179K/N105R improved L-theanine yield by 36.61 %. Subsequently, to increase carbon flux towards L-theanine production, the gene ggt which degrades L-theanine, the gene alaT which participated in L-alanine synthesis, and the gene NCgl1221 which encodes glutamate-exporting protein were deleted. Finally, ppk gene was overexpressed to enhance intracellular ATP production. The reprogramed strain produced 44.12 g/L L-theanine with a yield of 57.11 % and productivity of 1.16 g/L/h, which is the highest L-theanine titer reported by Corynebacterium glutamicum. This study provides an efficient and economical biosynthetic pathway for the industrial production of L-theanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Mengmeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China.
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Zhang W, Ni K, Long L, Ruan J. Nitrogen transport and assimilation in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis): a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1249202. [PMID: 37810380 PMCID: PMC10556680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for tea plants, as it contributes significantly to tea yield and serves as the component of amino acids, which in turn affects the quality of tea produced. To achieve higher yields, excessive amounts of N fertilizers mainly in the form of urea have been applied in tea plantations where N fertilizer is prone to convert to nitrate and be lost by leaching in the acid soils. This usually results in elevated costs and environmental pollution. A comprehensive understanding of N metabolism in tea plants and the underlying mechanisms is necessary to identify the key regulators, characterize the functional phenotypes, and finally improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Tea plants absorb and utilize ammonium as the preferred N source, thus a large amount of nitrate remains activated in soils. The improvement of nitrate utilization by tea plants is going to be an alternative aspect for NUE with great potentiality. In the process of N assimilation, nitrate is reduced to ammonium and subsequently derived to the GS-GOGAT pathway, involving the participation of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Additionally, theanine, a unique amino acid responsible for umami taste, is biosynthesized by the catalysis of theanine synthetase (TS). In this review, we summarize what is known about the regulation and functioning of the enzymes and transporters implicated in N acquisition and metabolism in tea plants and the current methods for assessing NUE in this species. The challenges and prospects to expand our knowledge on N metabolism and related molecular mechanisms in tea plants which could be a model for woody perennial plant used for vegetative harvest are also discussed to provide the theoretical basis for future research to assess NUE traits more precisely among the vast germplasm resources, thus achieving NUE improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Long
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Sun Y, Liu X, Li W, Wang X, Zhong X, Gao Y, Xu H, Hu H, Zhang L, Cheng X, Yan Q. The regulatory metabolic networks of the Brassica campestris L. hairy roots in response to cadmium stress revealed from proteome studies combined with a transcriptome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115214. [PMID: 37413944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Brassica campestris L., a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulating herbaceous plant, is considered as a promising candidate for the bioremediation of Cd pollution. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating these processes remain unclear. The present work, using proteome studies combined with a transcriptome analysis, was carried out to reveal the response mechanisms of the hairy roots of Brassica campestris L. under Cd stress. Significant tissue necrosis and cellular damage occurred, and Cd accumulation was observed in the cell walls and vacuoles of the hairy roots. Through quantitative proteomic profiling, a total of 1424 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, and are known to be enriched in processes including phenylalanine metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, cysteine and methionine metabolism, protein export, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis and flavone biosynthesis. Further studies combined with a transcriptome analysis found that 118 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their corresponding proteins were simultaneously up- or downregulated. Further Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the 118 shared DEGs and DEPs indicated their involvement in calcium, ROS and hormone signaling-mediated response, including regulation of carbohydrate and energy metabolism, biosynthesis of GSH, PCs and phenylpropanoid compounds that play vital roles in the Cd tolerance of Brassica campestris L. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory networks of Brassica campestris L. under Cd stress, as well as provide valuable information on candidate genes (e.g., BrPAL, BrTAT, Br4CL, BrCDPK, BrRBOH, BrCALM, BrABCG1/2, BrVIP, BrGCLC, BrilvE, BrGST12/13/25). These results are of particular importance to the subsequent development of promising transgenic plants that will hyperaccumulate heavy metals and efficient phytoremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xinning Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhong
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Yifan Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Hanli Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Honggang Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Lishu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiyu Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Qiong Yan
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
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9
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Wu J, Yan J, Hua Z, Jia J, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Li J, Zhang J. Identification of molecular signatures in acute myocardial infarction based on integrative analysis of proteomics and transcriptomics. Genomics 2023; 115:110701. [PMID: 37597790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most serious cardiovascular diseases, characterized by a rapid and irreversible decline in myocardial function. Early detection of patients with MI and prolonging the optimal therapeutic window of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are particularly important. This study aimed to identify the diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for acute myocardial infarction. METHOD We generated the AMI mouse models by ligating the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. Six time points-Sham, AMI 10-min, 1-h, 6-h, 24-h, and 72-h-were chosen to examine the molecular changes that occur during the AMI process. RNA-seq and DIA-MS were performed on the infarcted left ventricular tissues of AMI mice at each time point. Co-expression pattern genes were screened from myocardial infarction samples at different time points by time-series analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to examine these genes. Using the Interactive Gene/Protein Retrieval Tool (STRING) database, the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and the hub genes were identified. In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of hub genes, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. An independent data set, GSE163772, confirmed the diagnostic value of hub genes further. RESULT We obtained the expression profiles at different time points after the occurrence of heart failure through high-throughput sequencing, and found 167 genes with similar expression patterns through time series analysis. The immune response and immune-related pathways had the greatest enrichment of these genes. Among them, Itgb2 Syk, Tlr4, Tlr2, Itgax, and Lcp2 may play key roles as hub genes. Combined with the results of proteomic analysis, it was found that the expression of Coro1a in both omics increased with time. The results of external validation showed that TLR2, ITGAX, and LCP2 had good predictive ability for AMI diagnosis. CONCLUSION Itgb2, Syk, Tlr4, Tlr2, Itgax, Lcp2 and Coro1a are considered to be the seven key genes significantly associated with AMI. Our results may provide potential targets for the prevention of adverse ventricular remodeling and the treatment of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Zhang Q, Shi Y, Hu H, Shi Y, Tang D, Ruan J, Fernie AR, Liu MY. Magnesium promotes tea plant growth via enhanced glutamine synthetase-mediated nitrogen assimilation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1321-1337. [PMID: 36879396 PMCID: PMC10231486 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acidic tea (Camellia sinensis) plantation soil usually suffers from magnesium (Mg) deficiency, and as such, application of fertilizer containing Mg can substantially increase tea quality by enhancing the accumulation of nitrogen (N)-containing chemicals such as amino acids in young tea shoots. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the promoting effects of Mg on N assimilation in tea plants remain unclear. Here, both hydroponic and field experiments were conducted to analyze N, Mg, metabolite contents, and gene expression patterns in tea plants. We found that N and amino acids accumulated in tea plant roots under Mg deficiency, while metabolism of N was enhanced by Mg supplementation, especially under a low N fertilizer regime. 15N tracing experiments demonstrated that assimilation of N was induced in tea roots following Mg application. Furthermore, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis of RNA-seq data suggested that genes encoding glutamine synthetase isozymes (CsGSs), key enzymes regulating N assimilation, were markedly regulated by Mg treatment. Overexpression of CsGS1.1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in a more tolerant phenotype under Mg deficiency and increased N assimilation. These results validate our suggestion that Mg transcriptionally regulates CsGS1.1 during the enhanced assimilation of N in tea plant. Moreover, results of a field experiment demonstrated that high Mg and low N had positive effects on tea quality. This study deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactive effects of Mg and N in tea plants while also providing both genetic and agronomic tools for future improvement of tea production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yutao Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Dandan Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mei-Ya Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou 310008, China
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11
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Jia W, Wu X, Liu N, Xia Z, Shi L. Quantitative fusion omics reveals that refrigeration drives methionine degradation through perturbing 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine activity. Food Chem 2023; 409:135322. [PMID: 36584532 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Postharvest senescence and quality deterioration of fresh tea leaves occurred due to the limitation of processing capacity. Refrigerated storage prolongs the shelf life of fresh tea. In this study, quantitative fusion omics delineated the translational landscape of metabolites and proteins in time-series (0-12 days) refrigerated tea by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Accurate quantification results showed the content of amino acids, especially l-theanine, decreased with the lengthening of the storage duration (15.57 mg g-1 to 7.65 mg g-1) driven by theanine synthetase. Downregulation of enzyme 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine methyltransferase expression led to methionine degradation (6.29 µg g-1 to 1.78 µg g-1). Refrigerated storage inhibited serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases activity (59.49 % reduction in 12 days) and induced the polymerization of epicatechin and epigallocatechin and generation of procyanidin dimer and δ-type dehydrodicatechin, causing the manifestation of color deterioration. A predictive model incorporating zero-order reaction and Arrhenius equation was constructed to forecast the storage time of green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xixuan Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zengrun Xia
- Ankang Research and Development Center for Se-enriched Products, Ankang 725000, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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12
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Li JW, Li H, Liu ZW, Wang YX, Chen Y, Yang N, Hu ZH, Li T, Zhuang J. Molecular markers in tea plant (Camellia sinensis): Applications to evolution, genetic identification, and molecular breeding. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107704. [PMID: 37086694 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants have a long cultivation history in the world, and the beverage (tea) made from its leaves is well known in the world. Due to the characteristics of self-incompatibility, long-term natural and artificial hybridization, tea plants have a very complex genetic background, which make the classification of tea plants unclear. Molecular marker, one type of genetic markers, has the advantages of stable inheritance, large amount of information, and high reliability. The development of molecular marker has facilitated the understanding of complex tea germplasm resources. So far, molecular markers had played important roles in the study of the origin and evolution, the preservation and identification of tea germplasms, and the excellent cultivars breeding of tea plants. However, the information is scattered, making it difficult to understand the advance of molecular markers in tea plants. In this paper, we summarized the development process and types of molecular markers in tea plants. In addition, the application advance of these molecular markers in tea plants was reviewed. Perspectives of molecular markers in tea plants were also systematically provided and discussed. The elaboration of molecular markers in this paper should help us to renew understanding of its application in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Liu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Xin Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Hu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Jia M, Zhu SQ, Wang YH, Liu JX, Tan SS, Liu H, Shu S, Tao JP, Xiong AS. Morphological characteristics, anatomical structure, and dynamic change of ascorbic acid under different storage conditions of celery. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:21-33. [PMID: 35396652 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is a crucial antioxidant in vegetables. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a vegetable of Apiaceae and is rich in AsA. Till now, the effects of different storage conditions on celery morphological characteristics, anatomical features, and antioxidant accumulation are unclear. Here, the celery cvs. 'Sijixiaoxiangqin' and 'Liuhehuangxinqin' were selected as experimental materials, and the two celery plants grown for 65 days were harvested from soils and stored in light at room temperature (25 °C), darkness at low temperature (4 °C), and darkness at room temperature (25 °C) for 0, 6, 24, 30, 48, and 54 h, respectively. The results showed that celery in darkness had better water retention capacity than celery in light. Morphological changes in celery mesophyll, leaf veins, and petioles were the least in darkness at low temperature (4 °C). The weight loss rate and wilting degree in darkness at low temperature (4 °C) were the lowest, and the AsA content remained at a high level. The expression patterns of GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (AgGMP) and L-galactose dehydrogenase (AgGalDH) were similar to the change of AsA content. The results indicated that low temperature and dark was the optimized storage condition for 'Sijixiaoxiangqin' and 'Liuhehuangxinqin' celery. AgGMP and AgGalDH genes may play an important role in the accumulation of AsA in celery. This paper will provide potential references for prolonging the shelf life of celery and other horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticultures, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Li J, Xiao Y, Zhou X, Liao Y, Wu S, Chen J, Qian J, Yan Y, Tang J, Zeng L. Characterizing the cultivar-specific mechanisms underlying the accumulation of quality-related metabolites in specific Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis) germplasms to diversify tea products. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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An Y, Xia X, Jing T, Zhang F. Identification of gene family members and a key structural variation reveal important roles of OVATE genes in regulating tea ( Camellia sinensis) leaf development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008408. [PMID: 36212328 PMCID: PMC9539550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OVATE genes are a new class of transcriptional repressors with important regulatory roles in plant growth and development. Through genome-wide analysis of the OVATE gene family of tea plants, 26 and 13 family members were identified in cultivated and ancient tea plants, respectively. Syntenic results showed that OVATE gene family in cultivated tea plants may have experienced a special expansion event. Based on phylogenetic tree analysis, all OVATE genes were divided into four groups, and the third group had the largest number, reaching 16. Transcriptome data from different organs and populations indicated that many OVATE family members were highly expressed in young shoots and leaves, and their expression levels gradually decreased as tea leaves developed. Finally, the expression trends of the six key candidate genes were verified by RT-qPCR, which were consistent with the transcriptome results, indicating that the ovate gene family plays an important role in regulating the process of tea leaf development. In addition, we identified a key structural variation with a length of 184 bp, and the population genotyping showed that it was closely related to the area of tea leaves. Our research provides an important clue for further exploring the function of ovate gene family in tea plants and the development mechanism of tea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin An
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation in Downstream of Huaihe River (Nanjing) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, China
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16
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Xu W, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhao H, Guo F, Wang Y, Wang P, Chen Y, Ni D, Wang M. Metabolome and RNA-seq Analysis of Responses to Nitrogen Deprivation and Resupply in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis) Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:932720. [PMID: 36092416 PMCID: PMC9459018 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.932720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an important contributor in regulating plant growth and development as well as secondary metabolites synthesis, so as to promote the formation of tea quality and flavor. Theanine, polyphenols, and caffeine are important secondary metabolites in tea plant. In this study, the responses of Camellia sinensis roots to N deprivation and resupply were investigated by metabolome and RNA-seq analysis. N deficiency induced content increase for most amino acids (AAs) and reduction for the remaining AAs, polyphenols, and caffeine. After N recovery, the decreased AAs and polyphenols showed a varying degree of recovery in content, but caffeine did not. Meanwhile, theanine increased in content, but its related synthetic genes were down-regulated, probably due to coordination of the whole N starvation regulatory network. Flavonoids-related pathways were relatively active following N stress according to KEGG enrichment analysis. Gene co-expression analysis revealed TCS2, AMT1;1, TAT2, TS, and GOGAT as key genes, and TFs like MYB, bHLH, and NAC were also actively involved in N stress responses in C. sinensis roots. These findings facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism of N regulation in tea roots and provide genetic reference for improving N use efficiency in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenluan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingle Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Isolation and Characterization of an LBD Transcription Factor CsLBD39 from Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) and Its Roles in Modulating Nitrate Content by Regulating Nitrate-Metabolism-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169294. [PMID: 36012559 PMCID: PMC9409460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate nitrogen is an important nitrogen source for tea plants’ growth and development. LBD transcription factors play important roles in response to the presence of nitrate in plants. The functional study of LBD transcription factors in tea plants remains limited. In this study, the LBD family gene CsLBD39 was isolated and characterized from tea plants. Sequence analysis indicated that CsLBD39 contained a highly conserved CX2CX6CX3CX domain. The phylogenetic tree assay showed that CsLBD39 belonged to class II subfamily of the LBD family. CsLBD39 was highly expressed in flowers and root; we determined that its expression could be induced by nitrate treatment. The CsLBD39 protein was located in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Compared with the wild type, overexpression of CsLBD39 gene in Arabidopsis resulted in smaller rosettes, shorter main roots, reduced lateral roots and lower plant weights. The nitrate content and the expression levels of genes related to nitrate transport and regulation were decreased in transgenic Arabidopsis hosting CsLBD39 gene. Compared with the wild type, CsLBD39 overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis had smaller cell structure of leaves, shorter diameter of stem cross section, and slender and compact cell of stem longitudinal section. Under KNO3 treatment, the contents of nitrate, anthocyanins, and chlorophyll in leaves, and the content of nitrate in roots of Arabidopsis overexpressing CsLBD39 were reduced, the expression levels of nitrate transport and regulation related genes were decreased. The results revealed that CsLBD39 may be involved in nitrate signal transduction in tea plants as a negative regulator and laid the groundwork for future studies into the mechanism of nitrate response.
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18
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Zhou Z, Chang N, Lv Y, Jiang H, Yao C, Wan X, Li Y, Zhang X. K-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus) promote theanine synthesis in tea roots (Camellia sinensis) by activating CsTSI activity. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1613-1627. [PMID: 35271713 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theanine is an important quality parameter referring to tea quality. Applying nitrogen fertilizers is one strategy to improve the level of theanine; however, the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on theanine synthesis in tea roots has been less studied. In this study, the bacteria isolated from Qimen County with the maximum potassium (K) solubilization were identified as Bacillus by biochemical and molecular analyses. We show that tartaric and pyruvic acids produced by Bacillus were important components related to K solubilization in vitro. Pot experiments and enzymatic assays in vitro showed that inoculation with Bacillus-secreted organic acids increased the level of available potassium in the soil. The increased K level activated recombinant CsTSI activity (theanine biosynthesis enzyme) and increased ethylamine content (the synthesis precursor of theanine), resulting in promoted theanine synthesis in tea roots. Therefore, our study indicates that Bacillus can be a potential bioinoculant for biofortification of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Na Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yaning Lv
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, NO 329 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Anhui Keemun Black Tea Industry Co., Ltd, Huangshan, Anhui 245600, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yeyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xianchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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19
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Yang N, Han MH, Teng RM, Yang YZ, Wang YH, Xiong AS, Zhuang J. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Photosynthetic Capacity and Related Gene Expression in A Dose-Dependent Manner in the Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126694. [PMID: 35743137 PMCID: PMC9223723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of photosynthesis of tea leaves can increase tea yield. In order to explore the regulation mechanism of exogenous melatonin (MT) on the photosynthetic characteristics of tea plants, tea variety 'Zhongcha 108' was used as the experimental material in this study. The effects of different concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mM) of melatonin on the chlorophyll (Chl) content, stomatal opening, photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and related gene expression of tea plants were detected and analyzed. The results showed that under 0.2-mM MT treatment, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr) improved, accompanied by a decrease in stomata density and increase in stomata area. Zero point two millimolar MT increased Chl fluorescence level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, indicating that MT alleviated PSII inhibition and improved photochemical efficiency. At the same time, 0.2 mM MT induced the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism to varying degrees. The study demonstrated that MT can effectively enhance the photosynthetic capacity of tea plants in a dose-dependent manner. These results may promote a comprehensive understanding of the potential regulatory mechanism of exogenous MT on photosynthesis in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Miao-Hua Han
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Rui-Min Teng
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Ya-Zhuo Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.-H.W.); (A.-S.X.)
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.-H.W.); (A.-S.X.)
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Shen TF, Huang B, Xu M, Zhou PY, Ni ZX, Gong C, Wen Q, Cao FL, Xu LA. The reference genome of camellia chekiangoleosa provides insights into camellia evolution and tea oil biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab083. [PMID: 35039868 PMCID: PMC8789033 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oil extracted from Camellia seeds is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and secondary metabolites beneficial to human health. However, no oil-tea tree genome has yet been published, which is a major obstacle to investigating the heredity improvement of oil-tea trees. Here, using both Illumina and PicBio sequencing technologies, we present the first chromosome-level genome sequence of the oil-tea tree species Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. (CCH). The assembled genome consists of 15 pseudochromosomes with a genome size of 2.73 Gb and a scaffold N50 of 185.30 Mb. At least 2.16 Gb of the genome assembly consists of repetitive sequences, and the rest involves a high-confidence set of 64 608 protein-coding gene models. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the CCH genome underwent a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event shared across the Camellia genus at ~57.48 MYA and a γ-WGT event shared across all core eudicot plants at ~120 MYA. Gene family clustering revealed that the genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis have undergone rapid expansion. Furthermore, we determined the expression patterns of oleic acid accumulation- and terpenoid biosynthesis-associated genes in six tissues. We found that these genes tend to be highly expressed in leaves, pericarp tissues, roots, and seeds. The first chromosome-level genome of oil-tea trees will provide valuable resources for determining Camellia evolution and utilizing the germplasm of this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-fei Shen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Camellia Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng-yan Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhou-xian Ni
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chun Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Camellia Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Camellia Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Fu-liang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Li-An Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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21
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Liu JX, Jiang Q, Tao JP, Feng K, Li T, Duan AQ, Wang H, Xu ZS, Liu H, Xiong AS. Integrative genome, transcriptome, microRNA, and degradome analysis of water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) in response to water stress. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:262. [PMID: 34848704 PMCID: PMC8633011 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Water dropwort (Liyang Baiqin, Oenanthe javanica (BI.) DC.) is an aquatic perennial plant from the Apiaceae family with abundant protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. It usually grows in wet soils and can even grow in water. Here, whole-genome sequencing of O. javanica via HiSeq 2000 sequencing technology was reported for the first time. The genome size was 1.28 Gb, including 42,270 genes, of which 93.92% could be functionally annotated. An online database of the whole-genome sequences of water dropwort, Water dropwortDB, was established to share the results and facilitate further research on O. javanica (database homepage: http://apiaceae.njau.edu.cn/waterdropwortdb ). Water dropwortDB offers whole-genome and transcriptome sequences and a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Comparative analysis with other species showed that the evolutionary relationship between O. javanica and Daucus carota was the closest. Twenty-five gene families of O. javanica were found to be expanded, and some genetic factors (such as genes and miRNAs) related to phenotypic and anatomic differentiation in O. javanica under different water conditions were further investigated. Two miRNA and target gene pairs (miR408 and Oja15472, miR171 and Oja47040) were remarkably regulated by water stress. The obtained reference genome of O. javanica provides important information for future work, thus making in-depth genetic breeding and gene editing possible. The present study also provides a foundation for the understanding of the O. javanica response to water stress, including morphological, anatomical, and genetic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Xiong H, Ma H, Hu B, Zhao H, Wang J, Rennenberg H, Shi X, Zhang Y. Nitrogen fertilization stimulates nitrogen assimilation and modifies nitrogen partitioning in the spring shoot leaves of citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 267:153556. [PMID: 34737128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spring shoot leaves are important sites of nitrogen (N) metabolism in citrus trees. Understanding the physiological and metabolic response of the spring shoot leaves under varying N fertilization is fundamental to the fertilization management in citrus orchards. Thus, the processes affecting N composition, the activities of N metabolism related enzymes, and the expression of relevant genes were explored in spring shoot leaves under four N levels (0, 207, 275, 413 g N tree-1 y-1, as N0, N207, N275, N413). The results showed that, compared with N0, N275 significantly increased total N by 24.81%, which was mainly attributed to enhancement of structural N by 30.92%, free amino acid N by 40.91% and nitrate N by 41.33%. The relative expression of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) under N275 increased by 19.32% and 73.48%, respectively, compared with that under N0 treatment. Compared with N0 treatment, the NR transcription level under N275 treatment increased by 381%. The relative transcription levels of NADP-GDH and GDH1 also increased with increasing N fertilization. However, compared with that under N275, the relative transcription of GDH2 under N413 treatment was inhibited. Therefore, the transcript abundance of NR, NADP-GDH,GDH1 and GDH2 affected the activities of NR and GDH and thereby contributed to the regulation of N composition in the leaves. In addition, the activities of glutamine synthetase and nitrite reductase were largely unaffected or even declined in the N207, N275 and N413 treatments compared with the N0. This study elucidated the mechanism of primary N metabolism and partitioning in citrus leaves and provided a theoretical basis for N management in citrus orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaye Xiong
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Haotian Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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23
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Williams MR, Stedtfeld RD, Stedtfeld TM, Crawford RB, Kuwahara T, Kaminski NE, Tiedje JM, Hashsham SA. MicroRNA-based host response to toxicant exposure is influenced by the presence of gut microbial populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149130. [PMID: 34311349 PMCID: PMC8464502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and Bacteroides fragilis are known to interact with the host immune response through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an environmental toxicant and a high-affinity Ahr ligand has the potential to modify the effect of SFB and B. fragilis. MicroRNAs (miRNA) with their role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally, may potentially be used to observe such interactions between SFB, B. fragilis, and TCDD. However, little is known regarding the impact of gut microbial members on miRNA expression or its modulation in the presence of an environmental toxicant. This information is important in understanding toxicant-mediated dysbiosis in gut microbiome and the resulting human health impacts. In this study, C57BL/6 germ-free (GF) mice were colonized with SFB and B. fragilis and administered 30 μg/kg TCDD every 4 d for 28 d and miRNA were measured. Compared to GF mice, colonization with SFB resulted in an increase in up- and down-regulated Ileal miRNAs. TCDD treatment of this group decreased the number of upregulated miRNA and increased the number of down-regulated miRNAs. Association with SFB and B. fragilis together had a similar but less pronounced effect in response to TCDD treatment. TCDD treatment of GF mice had no miRNA expression response. Immune and inflammatory responses and T-cell differentiation were the key functions impacted by these miRNAs. Overall, these results reveal that the host response to toxicants may also depend on the presence of specific gut microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie R Williams
- School of Engineering & Technology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Robert B Crawford
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tomomi Kuwahara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Norbert E Kaminski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Syed A Hashsham
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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24
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Lin ZH, Chen CS, Zhong QS, Ruan QC, Chen ZH, You XM, Shan RY, Li XL. The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:506. [PMID: 34727870 PMCID: PMC8561955 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly considered as one of the most important limiting factors in the agricultural production. As a result, a large amount of N fertilizer is used to improve the yield in modern tea production. Unfortunately, the large amount of N fertilizer input has led to increased plant nitrogen-tolerance and decreased amplitude of yield improvement, which results in significant N loss, energy waste and environment pollution. However, the effects of N-deficiency on the metabolic profiles of tea leaves and roots are not well understood. RESULTS In this study, seedlings of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze Chunlv 2 were treated with 3 mM NH4NO3 (Control) or without NH4NO3 (N-deficiency) for 4 months by sandy culture. The results suggested that N-deficiency induced tea leaf chlorosis, impaired biomass accumulation, decreased the leaf chlorophyll content and N absorption when they were compared to the Control samples. The untargeted metabolomics based on GC-TOF/MS approach revealed a discrimination of the metabolic profiles between N-deficient tea leaves and roots. The identification and classification of the altered metabolites indicated that N deficiency upregulated the relative abundances of most phenylpropanoids and organic acids, while downregulated the relative abundances of most amino acids in tea leaves. Differentially, N-deficiency induced the accumulation of most carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids in tea roots. The potential biomarkers screened in N-deficient leaves compared to Control implied that N deficiency might reduce the tea quality. Unlike the N-deficient leaves, the potential biomarkers in N-deficient roots indicated an improved stress response might occur in tea roots. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated N deficiency had different effects on the primary and secondary metabolism in tea leaves and roots. The findings of this study will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the N-deficient tea plants and provide a valuable reference for the optimized N nutrient management and the sustainable development in the tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-He Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China.
| | - Chang-Song Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Zhong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Qi-Chun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei You
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Rui-Yang Shan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
| | - Xin-Lei Li
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, 355000, China
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Tang D, Jiao Z, Zhang Q, Liu MY, Ruan J. Glutamate dehydrogenase isogenes CsGDHs cooperate with glutamine synthetase isogenes CsGSs to assimilate ammonium in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111031. [PMID: 34620435 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a central enzyme in nitrogen metabolism, assimilating ammonia into glutamine or deaminating glutamate into α-oxoglutarate. Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants assimilate ammonium efficiently, but the role of CsGDH in ammonium assimilation remains unclear. We confirmed that tea has three GDH isogenes: CsGDH1-3. Bioinformatic analysis showed that CsGDH1 encodes the β-GDH subunit, CsGDH2/3 encode the α-GDH subunit, and their proteins all feature an NADH-specific motif. CsGDH1 is mainly expressed in mature leaves and roots, CsGDH3 is mainly expressed in new shoots and roots, and CsGDH2 has the highest expression level in flowers compared to the other five tissues. Expression patterns of CsGDHs and glutamine synthetase isogenes (CsGSs) under different ammonium concentrations suggested that CsGDHs cooperate with CsGSs to assimilate ammonium, especially under high ammonium conditions. Inhibition of GS and its isogenes resulted in significant induction of CsGDH3 in roots and CsGDH2 in leaves, indicating their potential roles in ammonium assimilation. Moreover, CsGDHs transcripts were highly abundant in chlorotic tea leaves, in constrast to those of CsGSs, suggesting that CsGDHs play a vital role in ammonium assimilation in chlorotic tea mutant. Altogether, our circumstantial evidence that CsGDHs cooperate with CsGSs in ammonium assimilation provides a basis for unveiling their functions in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou, 310008, China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zixin Jiao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou, 310008, China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Mei-Ya Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Ding X, Liu JX, Li T, Duan AQ, Yin L, Wang H, Jia LL, Liu YH, Liu H, Tao JP, Xiong AS. AgZDS, a gene encoding ζ-carotene desaturase, increases lutein and β-carotene contents in transgenic Arabidopsis and celery. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111043. [PMID: 34620441 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ζ-Carotene desaturase (ZDS) is one of the key enzymes regulating carotenoids biosynthesis and accumulation. Celery transgenic efficiency is low and it is difficult to obtain transgenic plants. The study on ZDS was limited in celery. Here, the AgZDS gene was cloned from celery and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and celery to verify its function. The AgZDS has typical characteristic of ZDS protein and is highly conserved in higher plants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AgZDS has the closest evolutionary relationship with ZDSs from Solanum lycopersicum, Capsicum annuum and Tagetes erecta. Overexpression of AgZDS gene in A. thaliana and celery resulted in increased accumulations of lutein and β-carotene and up-regulated the expression levels of the genes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis. The contents of lutein and β-carotene in two lines, AtL1 and AgL5, were the highest in transgenic A. thaliana and celery, respectively. The relative expression levels of 5 genes (AtPDS, AtZISO, AtZEP, AtNCED3, and AtCCD4) were up-regulated compared to the wild type plants. The relative expression levels of most genes in carotenoids biosynthesis pathway, such as AgPDS, AgCRTISO1, and AgZISO, were up-regulated in transgenic celery plants. The antioxidant capacity of A. thaliana and photosynthetic capacity of celery were also enhanced. This research is the first report on the function of structure gene related to carotenoid biosynthesis in transgenic celery plants. The findings in this study demonstrated the roles of AgZDS in regulating carotenoids metabolism of celery, which laid a potential foundation for quality improvement of celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li-Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Li T, Liu JX, Deng YJ, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Overexpression of a carrot BCH gene, DcBCH1, improves tolerance to drought in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:475. [PMID: 34663216 PMCID: PMC8522057 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carrot (Daucus carota L.), an important root vegetable, is very popular among consumers as its taproot is rich in various nutrients. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and low temperature, are the main factors that restrict the growth and development of carrots. Non-heme carotene hydroxylase (BCH) is a key regulatory enzyme in the β-branch of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, upstream of the abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis pathway. RESULTS In this study, we characterized a carrot BCH encoding gene, DcBCH1. The expression of DcBCH1 was induced by drought treatment. The overexpression of DcBCH1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in enhanced tolerance to drought, as demonstrated by higher antioxidant capacity and lower malondialdehyde content after drought treatment. Under drought stress, the endogenous ABA level in transgenic A. thaliana was higher than that in wild-type (WT) plants. Additionally, the contents of lutein and β-carotene in transgenic A. thaliana were lower than those in WT, whereas the expression levels of most endogenous carotenogenic genes were significantly increased after drought treatment. CONCLUSIONS DcBCH1 can increase the antioxidant capacity and promote endogenous ABA levels of plants by regulating the synthesis rate of carotenoids, thereby regulating the drought resistance of plants. These results will help to provide potential candidate genes for plant drought tolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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28
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Sun Y, Xu X, Zhang T, Yang Y, Tong H, Yuan H. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into steviol glycoside synthesis in stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves under nitrogen deficiency. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1709-1722. [PMID: 34129077 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis revealed the potential mechanism of nitrogen regulating steviol glycosides synthesis via shifting of leaf carbon metabolic flux or inducing certain transcription factors. Nitrogen (N) plays key regulatory roles in both stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) growth and the synthesis of its functional metabolite steviol glycosides (SGs), but the mechanism by which this nutrient regulates SGs synthesis remains to be elucidated. To address this question, a pot experiment was performed in a greenhouse where stevia plants fertilized with N (the control as CK plants) and compared with plants without the supply of N. Physiological and biochemical analyses were conducted to test the growth and metabolic responses of plants to N regimes. Our results showed that N deficiency significantly inhibited plant growth and leaf photosynthesis, while increased leaf SGs contents in stevia (49.97, 46.64 and 84.80% respectively for rebaudioside A, stevioside, and rebaudioside C), which may be partly due to "concentration effect". Then, transcriptome analysis was conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms. A total of 535 differentially expressed genes were identified, and carbon metabolism-related events were highlighted by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Many of these genes were significantly upregulated by N-deficiency, including those involved in "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis", "flavonoid biosynthesis" and "starch and sucrose metabolism". Our study also analyzed the expression patterns of SGs synthesis-related genes under two N regimes and the potential transcription factors linking N nutrition and SG metabolism. N-deficiency may promote SGs synthesis by changing the carbon metabolism flux or inducing certain transcription factors. Our results provide deeper insight into the relationship between N nutrition and SGs synthesis in stevia plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongheng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiying Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China.
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Wang Y, Cheng X, Yang T, Su Y, Lin S, Zhang S, Zhang Z. Nitrogen-Regulated Theanine and Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Tea Plant Roots: Protein-Level Regulation Revealed by Multiomics Analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10002-10016. [PMID: 34406741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Theanine and flavonoids (especially proanthocyanidins) are the most important and abundant secondary metabolites synthesized in the roots of tea plants. Nitrogen promotes theanine and represses flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plant roots, but the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Here, we analyzed theanine and flavonoid metabolism in tea plant roots under nitrogen deficiency and explored the regulatory mechanism using proteome and ubiquitylome profiling together with transcriptome data. Differentially expressed proteins responsive to nitrogen deficiency were identified and found to be enriched in flavonoid, nitrogen, and amino acid metabolism pathways. The proteins responding to nitrogen deficiency at the transcriptional level, translational level, and both transcriptional and translational levels were classified. Nitrogen-deficiency-responsive and ubiquitinated proteins were further identified. Our results showed that most genes encoding enzymes in the theanine synthesis pathway, such as CsAlaDC, CsGDH, and CsGOGATs, were repressed by nitrogen deficiency at transcriptional and/or protein level(s). While a large number of enzymes in flavonoid metabolism were upregulated at the transcriptional and/or translational level(s). Importantly, the ubiquitylomic analysis identified important proteins, especially the hub enzymes in theanine and flavonoid biosynthesis, such as CsAlaDC, CsTSI, CsGS, CsPAL, and CsCHS, modified by ubiquitination. This study provided novel insights into the regulation of theanine and flavonoid biosynthesis and will contribute to future studies on the post-translational regulation of secondary metabolism in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunmin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shupei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
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Jiang L, Song C, Zhu X, Yang J. SWEET Transporters and the Potential Functions of These Sequences in Tea ( Camellia sinensis). Front Genet 2021; 12:655843. [PMID: 33868386 PMCID: PMC8044585 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.655843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important economic beverage crop. Its flowers and leaves could be used as healthcare tea for its medicinal value. SWEET proteins were recently identified in plants as sugar transporters, which participate in diverse physiological processes, including pathogen nutrition, seed filling, nectar secretion, and phloem loading. Although SWEET genes have been characterized and identified in model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, there is very little knowledge of these genes in C. sinensis. In this study, 28 CsSWEETs were identified in C. sinensis and further phylogenetically divided into four subfamilies with A. thaliana. These identified CsSWEETs contained seven transmembrane helixes (TMHs) which were generated by an ancestral three-TMH unit with an internal duplication experience. Microsynteny analysis revealed that the large-scale duplication events were the main driving forces for members from CsSWEET family expansion in C. sinensis. The expression profiles of the 28 CsSWEETs revealed that some genes were highly expressed in reproductive tissues. Among them, CsSWEET1a might play crucial roles in the efflux of sucrose, and CsSWEET17b could control fructose content as a hexose transporter in C. sinensis. Remarkably, CsSWEET12 and CsSWEET17c were specifically expressed in flowers, indicating that these two genes might be involved in sugar transport during flower development. The expression patterns of all CsSWEETs were differentially regulated under cold and drought treatments. This work provided a systematic understanding of the members from the CsSWEET gene family, which would be helpful for further functional studies of CsSWEETs in C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianke Yang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Chen Y, Wang F, Wu Z, Jiang F, Yu W, Yang J, Chen J, Jian G, You Z, Zeng L. Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Formation of Metabolites Related to Tea Quality in Subtropical China. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030146. [PMID: 33801425 PMCID: PMC8000315 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a main agronomic intervention in tea cultivation, nitrogen (N) application is useful to improve tea yield and quality. However, the effects of N application on the formation of tea quality-related metabolites have not been fully studied, especially in long-term field trials. In this study, a 10-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term N application treatments on tea quality-related metabolites, their precursors, and related gene expression. Long-term N application up-regulated the expression of key genes for chlorophyll synthesis and promoted its synthesis, thus increasing tea yield. It also significantly increased the contents of total free amino acids, especially l-theanine, in fresh tea leaves, while decreasing the catechin content, which is conducive to enhancing tea liquor freshness. However, long-term N application significantly reduced the contents of benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol in fresh tea leaves, and also reduced (E)-nerolidol and indole in withered leaves, which were not conducive to the formation of floral and fruity aroma compounds. In general, an appropriate amount of N fertilizer (225 kg/hm2) balanced tea yield and quality. These results not only provide essential information on how N application affects tea quality, but also provide detailed experimental data for field fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
| | - Zhidan Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
| | - Fuying Jiang
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 247 Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.); (G.J.)
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.); (G.J.)
| | - Guotai Jian
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.); (G.J.)
| | - Zhiming You
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.); (G.J.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (L.Z.)
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Lin SJ, Yang YZ, Teng RM, Liu H, Li H, Zhuang J. Identification and expression analysis of caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase family genes related to lignin biosynthesis in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:115-127. [PMID: 32929631 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant, an economically important crop, is used in producing tea, which is a non-alcoholic beverage. Lignin, the second most abundant component of the cell wall, reduces the tenderness of tea leaves and affects tea quality. Caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) involved in lignin biosynthesis affects the efficiency of lignin synthesis and lignin composition. A total of 10 CsCCoAOMTs were identified based on tea plant genome. Systematic analysis of CCoAOMTs was conducted for its physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structure, and promoter cis-element prediction. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all the CsCCoAOMT proteins can be categorized into three clades. The promoters of six CsCCoAOMT genes possessed lignin-specific cis-elements, indicating they are possibly essential for lignin biosynthesis. According to the distinct tempo-spatial expression profiles, five genes were substantially expressed in eight tested tissues. Most CsCCoAOMT genes were expressed in stems and leaves in three tea plant cultivars 'Longjing 43,' 'Anjibaicha,' and 'Fudingdabai' by RT-qPCR detection and analysis. The expression levels of two genes (CsCCoAOMT5 and CsCCoAOMT6) were higher than those of the other genes. The expression levels of most CsCCoAOMT genes in 'Longjing 43' were significantly higher than that those in 'Anjibaicha' and 'Fudingdabai.' Correlation analysis revealed that only the expression levels of CsCCoAOMT6 were positively correlated with lignin content in the leaves and stems. These results lay a foundation for the future exploration of the roles of CsCCoAOMTs in lignin biosynthesis in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jia Lin
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Min Teng
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Fukuda M, Fujiwara T, Nishida S. Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Response to Nitrogen Availability in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228508. [PMID: 33198163 PMCID: PMC7696010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development; therefore, N deficiency is a major limiting factor in crop production. Plants have evolved mechanisms to cope with N deficiency, and the role of protein-coding genes in these mechanisms has been well studied. In the last decades, regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as important regulators of gene expression in diverse biological processes. Recent advances in technologies for transcriptome analysis have enabled identification of N-responsive ncRNAs on a genome-wide scale. Characterization of these ncRNAs is expected to improve our understanding of the gene regulatory mechanisms of N response. In this review, we highlight recent progress in identification and characterization of N-responsive ncRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana and several other plant species including maize, rice, and Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiha Fukuda
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Sho Nishida
- Department of Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-952-28-8720
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Zhu C, Zhang S, Zhou C, Chen L, Zaripov T, Zhan D, Weng J, Lin Y, Lai Z, Guo Y. Integrated Transcriptome, microRNA, and Phytochemical Analyses Reveal Roles of Phytohormone Signal Transduction and ABC Transporters in Flavor Formation of Oolong Tea ( Camellia sinensis) during Solar Withering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12749-12767. [PMID: 33112139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The unique aroma and flavor of oolong tea develop during the withering stage of postharvest processing. We explored the roles of miRNA-related regulatory networks during tea withering and their effects on oolong tea quality. We conducted transcriptome and miRNA analyses to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and target genes among fresh leaves, indoor-withered leaves, and solar-withered leaves. We identified 32 DE-miRNAs and 41 target genes involved in phytohormone signal transduction and ABC transporters. Further analyses indicated that these two pathways regulated the accumulation of flavor-related metabolites during tea withering. Flavonoid accumulation was correlated with the miR167d_1-ARF-GH3, miR845-ABCC1-3/ABCC2, miR166d-5p_1-ABCC1-2, and miR319c_3-PIF-ARF modules. Terpenoid content was correlated with the miR171b-3p_2-DELLA-MYC2 and miR166d-5p_1-ABCG2-MYC2 modules. These modules inhibited flavonoid biosynthesis and enhanced terpenoid biosynthesis in solar-withered leaves. Low auxin and gibberellic acid contents and circRNA-related regulatory networks also regulated the accumulation of flavor compounds in solar-withered leaves. Our analyses reveal how solar withering produces high-quality oolong tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengzhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Timur Zaripov
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dongmei Zhan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingjing Weng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Duan AQ, Tao JP, Jia LL, Tan GF, Liu JX, Li T, Chen LZ, Su XJ, Feng K, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. AgNAC1, a celery transcription factor, related to regulation on lignin biosynthesis and salt tolerance. Genomics 2020; 112:5254-5264. [PMID: 32976976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The NAC transcription factor participates in various biotic and abiotic stress responses and plays a critical role in plant development. Lignin is a water-insoluble dietary fiber, but it is second only to cellulose in abundance. Celery is the main source of dietary fiber, but its quality and production are limited by various abiotic stresses. Here, AgNAC1 containing the NAM domain was identified from celery. AgNAC1 was found to be a nuclear protein. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants hosting AgNAC1 have longer root lengths and stomatal axis lengths than the wide type (WT). The evidence from lignin determination and expression levels of lignin-related genes indicated that AgNAC1 plays a vital role in lignin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the results of the physiological characterization and the drought and salt treatments indicate that AgNAC1-overexpressing plants are significantly resistive to salt stress. Under drought and salt treatments, the AgNAC1 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants presented increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and size of stomatal apertures relatively to the WT plants. The AgNAC1 served as a positive regulator in inducing the expression of stress-responsive genes. Overall, the overexpressing AgNAC1 enhanced the plants' resistance to salt stress and played a regulatory role in lignin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li-Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guo-Fei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 55006, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Long-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Su
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Li H, Liu JX, Wang Y, Zhuang J. The ascorbate peroxidase 1 regulates ascorbic acid metabolism in fresh-cut leaves of tea plant during postharvest storage under light/dark conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110500. [PMID: 32540018 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest storage conditions affect the ascorbic acid (AsA) levels in fresh-cut leaves of horticultural crops. However, the detailed mechanism of AsA metabolism in the fresh-cut leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) during postharvest storage under light/dark conditions remains unclear. To investigate the AsA mechanism, we treated fresh-cut tea leaves with light/dark during postharvest storage. An ascorbate peroxidase 1 (CsAPX1) protein involved in AsA metabolism was identified by iTRAQ analysis. Gene expression profile of CsAPX1 encoding ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was regulated by light/dark conditions. AsA accumulation and APX activity were suppressed by light/dark conditions. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular mass of recombinant CsAPX1 protein was about 34.45 kDa. Subcellular localization indicated that CsAPX1 protein was a cytosol ascorbate peroxidase. Overexpression CsAPX1 in Arabidopsis indicated that the decrease of AsA content and APX activity in transgenic lines were less significant than that of WT during postharvest storage under light/dark conditions. These data suggested that CsAPX1 involved in regulating AsA metabolism through effecting on the changes of AsA accumulation and APX activity in fresh-cut tea leaves during postharvest storage under light/dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Li H, Liu H, Wang Y, Teng RM, Liu J, Lin S, Zhuang J. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 modulates ascorbic acid metabolism through cooperating with nitrogen regulatory protein P-II in tea plant under nitrogen deficiency stress. Genomics 2020; 112:3497-3503. [PMID: 32562829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) element is essential nutrient, and affect metabolism of secondary metabolites in higher plants. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays an important role in ascorbic acid (AsA) metabolism of tea plant. However, the roles of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 (CsAPX1) in AsA metabolism under N deficiency stress in tea plant remains unclear in detail. In this work, nitrogen regulatory protein P-II (CsGLB1) and CsAPX1 were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) from tea plant. The cell growth rates in transgenic Escherichia coli overexpressing CsAPX1 and CsGLB1 were higher than empty vector under N sufficiency condition. Phenotype of shoots and roots, AsA accumulation, and expression levels of AtAPX1 and AtGLB1 genes were changed in transgenic Arabidopsis hosting CsAPX1 under N deficiency stress. These findings suggested that cytosolic CsAPX1 acted a regulator in AsA accumulation through cooperating with GLB1 under N deficiency stress in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui-Min Teng
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijia Lin
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Thornburg TE, Liu J, Li Q, Xue H, Wang G, Li L, Fontana JE, Davis KE, Liu W, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Liu M, Pan X. Potassium Deficiency Significantly Affected Plant Growth and Development as Well as microRNA-Mediated Mechanism in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1219. [PMID: 32922417 PMCID: PMC7456879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well studied that potassium (K+) deficiency induced aberrant growth and development of plant and altered the expression of protein-coding genes. However, there are not too many systematic investigations on root development affected by K+ deficiency, and there is no report on miRNA expression during K+ deficiency in wheat. In this study, we found that K+ deficiency significantly affected wheat seedling growth and development, evidenced by reduced plant biomass and small plant size. In wheat cultivar AK-58, up-ground shoots were more sensitive to K+ deficiency than roots. K+ deficiency did not significantly affect root vitality but affected root development, including root branching, root area, and root size. K+ deficiency delayed seminal root emergence but enhanced seminal root elongation, total root length, and correspondingly total root surface area. K+ deficiency also affected root and leaf respiration at the early exposure stage, but these effects were not observed at the later stage. One potential mechanism causing K+ deficiency impacts is microRNAs (miRNAs), one important class of small regulatory RNAs. K+ deficiency induced the aberrant expression of miRNAs and their targets, which further affected plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stresses, including K+ deficiency. Thereby, this positive root adaption to K+ deficiency is likely associated with the miRNA-involved regulation of root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Elliott Thornburg
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huiyun Xue
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lijie Li
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Julia Elise Fontana
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Kyle E. Davis
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Wanying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Zhang, ; Mingjiu Liu, ; Xiaoping Pan,
| | - Mingjiu Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding and Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Zhang, ; Mingjiu Liu, ; Xiaoping Pan,
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Zhang, ; Mingjiu Liu, ; Xiaoping Pan,
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