1
|
Chi J, Bi W, Lou K, Ma J, Wu J, Cui Y. Research advances in Peyronie's disease: a comprehensive review on genomics, pathways, phenotypic manifestation, and therapeutic targets. Sex Med Rev 2024; 12:477-490. [PMID: 38456235 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Penile induration disease, commonly known as Peyronie's disease (PD), is a connective tissue disorder that affects the penis, leading to the development of fibrous plaques, penile curvature, and erectile dysfunction. PD is a common male reproductive system disease with a complex etiology involving multiple genes, signaling pathways, and different phenotypes. OBJECTIVES The etiology and pathogenesis of PD remain poorly understood, hindering the development of effective treatment strategies. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of PD, we can pave the way for targeted therapies and improved patient outcomes. METHODS We reviewed the epidemiology and pathophysiology of PD. We performed database searches on Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science from inception to September 2023. The literature reviewed included priapism guidelines, review articles, current trial studies, and various literature related to PD. RESULTS This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research progress on the disease, focusing on its genetic factors, signaling pathways, cellular mechanisms, phenotypic manifestations, and therapeutic targets. It can help identify individuals at higher risk, aid in early detection and intervention, and provide insights into fibrosis and tissue remodeling. It can also reveal potential therapeutic targets, guide accurate diagnoses and treatment strategies, and address the impact of the disease on patients' quality of life. CONCLUSION By integrating insights from genomics, molecular pathways, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic potentials, our research aims to achieve a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of PD, propelling the field toward innovative strategies that enhance the lives of those affected by PD. The complex manifestations and pathogenesis of PD necessitate the use of multiple treatment methods for personalized care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Chi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Wenhua Bi
- Department of Urology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, 265400, China
| | - Keyuan Lou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Yuanshan Cui
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Candido P, Pimenta R, Maluf FC, Chiovatto C, Romão P, Baldavira CM, Ghazarian V, Camargo JA, Guimarães VR, Santos GAD, Silva IA, Nascimento B, Hallak J, Capelozzi VL, Srougi M, Nahas WC, Viana NI, Leite KR, Reis ST. MicroRNA-29b attenuates fibrosis in a rat model of Peyronie's disease. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38925608 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyronie's disease is characterized by the formation of fibrotic plaques in the penile tunica albuginea. Effective treatments are limited, warranting the investigation of new promising therapies, such as the application of microRNAs that regulate fibrosis-related genes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of mimicking microRNA-29b in a fibrin-induced rat model of Peyronie's disease. MATERIAL/METHODS The study was designed in two phases. To establish an optimal Peyronie's disease model, rats received either human fibrin and thrombin or saline solutions into the tunica albuginea on days 0 and 5. The animal model validation was done through expression and histopathological analyses, the latest by an experienced uropathologist. After validation, we performed microRNA-29b treatment on days 14, 21, and 28 of the study. This phase had control (normal saline) and scramble (microRNA scramble) groups. The mid-penile shaft was removed on day 30 for histological examination and molecular analyses in both study stages. RESULTS The control group displayed typical tunica albuginea histologic architecture in the animal model validation. In Peyronie's disease group, the Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson Trichrome staining methods demonstrated an interstitial inflammatory process with concomitant dense fibrotic plaques as well as disarrangement of collagen fibers. Additionally, we found out that reduced microRNA-29b (p = 0.05) was associated with significantly increased COL1A1 and transforming growth factor β1 genes and proteins (p > 0.05) in the Peyronie's disease group. After treatment with mimic microRNA-29b stimulation, the Hematoxylin & eosin and Masson Trichrome staining revealed a discrete and less dense fibrotic plaque. This result was associated with significantly decreasing expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, and transforming growth factor β1 genes and proteins (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION The fibrin-induced animal model showed significant histopathological and molecular changes compared to the Control group, suggesting that our model was appropriate. Previous findings have shown that increased expression of microRNA-29b was associated with decreased pathological fibrosis. In the present study, treatment with microRNA-29b decreased the gene and protein expression of collagens and transforming growth factor β1. This study reveals the therapeutic potential for Peyronie's disease involving molecular targets. CONCLUSION MicroRNA-29b application on the rat's tunica albuginea attenuated fibrosis, arising as a novel potential strategy for Peyronie's disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Candido
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Moriah Institute of Science and Education (MISE), Hospital Moriah, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruan Pimenta
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feres Camargo Maluf
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Caroline Chiovatto
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Poliana Romão
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Machado Baldavira
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória Ghazarian
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Camargo
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Guimarães
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Dos Santos
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iran A Silva
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nascimento
- Division of Urology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Division of Urology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - William C Nahas
- Urology Department, Uro-Oncology Group, University of São Paulo Medical School and Institute of Cancer Estate of São Paulo (ICESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Viana
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - UEMG, Passos, Brazil
| | - Katia R Leite
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina T Reis
- Urology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Moriah Institute of Science and Education (MISE), Hospital Moriah, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andréasson K, Hamberg V, Wigén J, Westergren-Thorsson G. Is classifying SSc-ILD drugs as either immunosuppressive or anti-fibrotic misleading? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:675. [PMID: 37605003 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer Andréasson
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Viggo Hamberg
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Wigén
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castiglione F, Çakır OÖ, Schifano N, Corona G, Reisman Y, Bettocchi C, Cellek S, Ilg MM. European Society of Sexual Medicine consensus statement on the use of animal models for studying Peyronie's disease. Sex Med 2023; 11:qfad046. [PMID: 37547872 PMCID: PMC10397421 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Animal models are frequently used for translational research in Peyronie's disease (PD). However, due to lack of availability of guidelines, there is some heterogeneity in study design, data reporting, and outcome measures. Aim This European Society for Sexual Medicine consensus statement aims to provide guidance in utilization of animal models in PD research in a standardized and uniform fashion. Methods PubMed was searched for studies using animal models for PD. The following search terms were used: ("Peyronie's disease" OR "penile fibrosis" OR "penile curvature" OR "induration penis plastica" OR "erectile dysfunction") AND ("rodent" OR "mouse" OR "mice" OR "rat" OR "rabbit"). Outcomes This European Society for Sexual Medicine statement describes best practice guidelines for utilization of animals in PD research: power calculation, details of available models, surgical procedures, and measurement techniques, while highlighting possible pitfalls and translational limitations of the models. Results In total, 2490 studies were retrieved and 2446 articles were excluded. A total of 44 studies were included, of which 40 studies used rats, 1 study used both rats and mice, 1 study used a genetic mouse model, and 2 studies used rabbits. A significant number of the studies (70.5%) used transforming growth factor β 1 for induction of fibrosis. Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence criteria could not be applied due to the nature of the studies. Conclusion Despite certain limitations of PD animal models presented, we aimed to provide guidance for their appropriate use in translational research, with the purpose of improving study quality and reproducibility as well as facilitating interpretation of reported results and conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Ö Çakır
- King's College London Hospital, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolò Schifano
- King's College London Hospital, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Azienda USL, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Bettocchi
- Department of Urology, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Selim Cellek
- Fibrosis Research Group, Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus M Ilg
- Fibrosis Research Group, Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Achraf C, Abdelghani PA, Jihad PEA. Platelet-rich plasma in patients affected with Peyronie's disease. Arab J Urol 2022; 21:69-75. [PMID: 37234679 PMCID: PMC10208162 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2022.2135284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of our study is to discover and evaluate the effects of repeated intralesional injections inside the tunica albuginea of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD). Methods As part of a prospective study over 12 months from February 2020 until February 2021, on Sixty-five patients with Peyronie's disease, and penile curvature between 25 and 45°. Patients were stratified into two groups, the first with a curvature between 25 and 35° and the second between 35 and 45°. Gathered data included patient-demographics, Injection technique, outcomes: both quantitative (curvature assessments) and qualitative (state of erectile function, pain during intercourse), and complications. Results Patients in both groups received an average of 6.1 injections of PRP during the study period. Angulation was significantly improved in both groups an average final improvement of 16.88° (SD = 3.35) (p < 0.001) in the first group and 17.27° (SD = 4.22) (p < 0.001) in the second group. Pain during sex decreased from 70.7% to 34.25%, and 55.5% of patients had easier sexual intercourse. Conclusions The positive results of our series of treatment for Peyronie's disease by injection of platelet-rich plasma are encouraging both methodologically (simplicity) and clinical (safety and efficacy) as well as patient satisfaction.
Collapse
|
6
|
Volkmann ER, Tashkin DP, Silver R, Bostwick CF, Assassi S, Frost DB, Leng M, Wilhalme H, Kim GH, Goldin J, Roth MD. Sex differences in clinical outcomes and biological profiles in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: a post-hoc analysis of two randomised controlled trials. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2022; 4:e668-e678. [PMID: 37745675 PMCID: PMC10518185 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(22)00193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Observational studies have shown that men with systemic sclerosis have an increased risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and mortality compared with women. However, previous studies have not controlled for treatment effect or evaluated the biological mechanism or mechanisms underlying this sex difference. We aimed to compare ILD progression and long-term morbidity and mortality outcomes in male and female participants of two randomised controlled trials for systemic sclerosis-associated ILD. Methods For this post-hoc analysis, data from all participants in the Scleroderma Lung Study (SLS) I and SLS II were analysed. The primary objective was to explore the effect of sex on the course of the percentage predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) during and after active treatment over the 24-month study periods. In SLS I, 158 participants (111 women, 47 men) were randomly assigned to receive oral cyclophosphamide (cyclophosphamide; ≤2 mg/kg daily) or placebo; in SLS II, 142 participants (105 women, 37 men) were randomly assigned to receive oral mycophenolate mofetil (1500 mg twice daily) or oral cyclophosphamide (≤2 mg/kg daily). Sex (ie, male or female) was self-reported in both studies by the participants. Changes in radiographic fibrosis and time to death and respiratory failure were secondary outcomes of the present analysis. Baseline levels of biomarkers implicated in the pathobiology of systemic sclerosis-associated ILD were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in SLS I. Findings In the SLS I placebo group, the rate of decline in percentage predicted FVC from 3 months to 12 months was greater in men than in women, but the difference was not significant (estimated effect -0·29 [95% CI -0·67 to 0·10]; p=0·14). In SLS II, the rate of decline in percentage predicted FVC from 3 months to 12 months was significantly worse in men treated with either cyclophosphamide (estimated effect -0·72; [95% CI -1·14 to -0·31]; p=0·00060) or mycophenolate mofetil (estimated effect -0·34 [-0·58 to -0·10]; p=0·0051) than in women. A greater proportion of men had a decline in percentage predicted FVC of 10% or greater compared with women for the pooled active treatment groups from SLS I and SLS II and the placebo group of SLS I. Men had worse radiographic outcomes at 2 years than women in SLS II, even after adjusting for baseline disease severity and treatment arm assignment. Long-term survival was worse in men in SLS I (log-rank test p=0·080) and SLS II (log-rank test p=0·030). In SLS II, male sex was independently associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 2·42 [95% CI 1·16 to 5·04]; p=0·018). In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, men had increased concentrations of pro-fibrotic mediators (eg, matrix metalloproteinase-13 and tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase 1), whereas women had increased pro-inflammatory mediators (eg, interleukin [IL]-12, IL-7, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor). Interpretation In two randomised controlled trials, men with systemic sclerosis-associated ILD had a less favourable course of ILD both with and without active treatment, as well as worse long-term survival. Sex differences in pro-fibrotic or inflammatory mediators of disease might account for these differences and warrant future study. Funding US National Institutes of Health; US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; Bristol Myers Squibb; and Hoffmann-LaRoche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Volkmann
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - Donald P Tashkin
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - Richard Silver
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - Carol Feghali Bostwick
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - Shervin Assassi
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - DeAnna Baker Frost
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - Mei Leng
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - Holly Wilhalme
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - Grace Hyun Kim
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - Jonathan Goldin
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| | - Michael D Roth
- (E R Volkmann MD MS, Prof D P Tashkin MD, M Leng MD, H Wilhalme MS, Prof M D Roth MD) (G H Kim PhD, Prof J Goldin MD PhD), (Prof R Silver MD, Prof C F Bostwick PhD, D Baker Frost MD PhD); (Prof S Assassi MD MS)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Doersch KM, Barnett D, Chase A, Johnston D, Gabrielsen JS. The contribution of the immune system to genitourinary fibrosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:765-778. [PMID: 35531654 PMCID: PMC9134766 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221090872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases of the genitourinary tract are devastating and incompletely understood pathologies. These diseases include urethral and ureteral strictures, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and Peyronie's disease. They can contribute to obstructive uropathy and sexual dysfunction. Poor understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases severely limits our ability to prevent and treat them. Genitourinary fibrotic diseases likely represent related pathologies that share common underlying mechanisms involving wound healing in response to injury. These diseases share the common feature of extracellular matrix abnormalities-such as collagen deposition, transforming growth factor-β accumulation, and dysregulation of collagen maturation-leading to abnormal tissue stiffness. Given the association of many of these diseases with autoimmunity, a systemic pro-inflammatory state likely contributes to their associated fibrogenesis. Herein, we explore the immunologic contribution to fibrogenesis in several fibrotic diseases of the genitourinary system. Better understanding how the immune system contributes to fibrosis in these diseases may improve prevention and therapeutic strategies and elucidate the functions of immunologic contributors to fibrosis in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Doersch
- Department of Urology, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniel Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of
Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Abbie Chase
- Department of Urology, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniel Johnston
- Department of Urology, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - J Scott Gabrielsen
- Department of Urology, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Nakamura Y, Mitsunari K, Ohba K, Sakai H. Pathological Significance of Macrophages in Erectile Dysfunction Including Peyronie's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111658. [PMID: 34829887 PMCID: PMC8615952 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile function is regulated by complex mechanisms centered on vascular- and nerve-related systems. Hence, dysregulation of these systems leads to erectile dysfunction (ED), which causes mental distress and decreases the quality of life of patients and their partners. At the molecular level, many factors, such as fibrosis, lipid metabolism abnormalities, the immune system, and stem cells, play crucial roles in the etiology and development of ED. Although phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are currently the standard treatment agents for patients with ED, they are effective only in a subgroup of patients. Therefore, further insight into the pathological mechanism underlying ED is needed to discuss ED treatment strategies. In this review, we focused on the biological and pathological significance of macrophages in ED because the interaction of macrophages with ED-related mechanisms have not been well explored, despite their important roles in vasculogenic and neurogenic diseases. Furthermore, we examined the pathological significance of macrophages in Peyronie’s disease (PD), a cause of ED characterized by penile deformation (visible curvature) during erection and pain. Although microinjury and the subsequent abnormal healing process of the tunica albuginea are known to be important processes in this disease, the detailed etiology and pathophysiology of PD are not fully understood. This is the first review on the pathological role of macrophages in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7340; Fax: +81-95-819-7343
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi EJ, Schneider D, Xu P, El-Khatib FM, Yafi FA. Future concepts and therapy approaches for Peyronie’s disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1804861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Choi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Schneider
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Perry Xu
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Farouk M. El-Khatib
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Faysal A. Yafi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Peyronie's disease (PD) is a devastating disease that affects up to 13% of adult men. While trauma to the erect penis is common prior to onset, it is clear that trauma alone is not sufficient to cause PD. Over the past 40 years, multiple lines of evidence have pointed to a genetic factor that predisposes some men to develop PD. Despite dramatic technological advances in the field of genetics, we have made little progress in identifying the genetic contributors to the disease. This review will critically evaluate the literature concerning the genetics of PD published to date. Particular focus will be placed on study design as much of the data are contradictory yet may still give some insight into the etiology of PD. The challenges in identifying the genetic underpinnings of PD will be discussed along with the potential mechanisms that can overcome these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Gabrielsen
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aditya I, Kwong JCC, Krakowsky Y, Grober ED. Non-conventional therapies for Peyronie's disease: what is the evidence for efficacy? Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:S295-S302. [PMID: 32257870 PMCID: PMC7108993 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.09.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, there has been a surge in non-conventional therapies for Peyronie’s disease (PD). With increasing interest in these novel therapies, we conducted a narrative review to explore the efficacy and safety of these treatments to provide clarity for patients and providers. Methods A literature search was conducted to find studies describing non-conventional treatments of PD. These treatments were defined as those within the standard of care, including intralesional therapies and surgical options. Results A total of 14 studies were found. Non-conventional therapies included platelet-rich plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid (HA), combination therapy of PRP and HA, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), stem cell therapy (SCT), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and H-100. Most studies were limited to animal models and reported modest improvements in angulation and erectile function. Complication rates and cost of each treatment were infrequently reported. Conclusions There is limited evidence supporting non-conventional therapies for PD. As such, they are currently not recommended in clinical guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Aditya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yonah Krakowsky
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Women's College Hospital & Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ethan D Grober
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Women's College Hospital & Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Walker DT, Amighi A, Mills SA, Eleswarapu SV, Mills JN. Management of the Acute Phase of Peyronie’s Disease: a Contemporary Review. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|