1
|
Lee Y, Oang KY, Kim D, Ihee H. A comparative review of time-resolved x-ray and electron scattering to probe structural dynamics. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:031301. [PMID: 38706888 PMCID: PMC11065455 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The structure of molecules, particularly the dynamic changes in structure, plays an essential role in understanding physical and chemical phenomena. Time-resolved (TR) scattering techniques serve as crucial experimental tools for studying structural dynamics, offering direct sensitivity to molecular structures through scattering signals. Over the past decade, the advent of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV-UED) facilities has ushered TR scattering experiments into a new era, garnering significant attention. In this review, we delve into the basic principles of TR scattering experiments, especially focusing on those that employ x-rays and electrons. We highlight the variations in experimental conditions when employing x-rays vs electrons and discuss their complementarity. Additionally, cutting-edge XFELs and MeV-UED facilities for TR x-ray and electron scattering experiments and the experiments performed at those facilities are reviewed. As new facilities are constructed and existing ones undergo upgrades, the landscape for TR x-ray and electron scattering experiments is poised for further expansion. Through this review, we aim to facilitate the effective utilization of these emerging opportunities, assisting researchers in delving deeper into the intricate dynamics of molecular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Key Young Oang
- Radiation Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Denoeud A, Hernandez JA, Vinci T, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Brygoo S, Berlioux A, Lefevre F, Sollier A, Videau L, Ravasio A, Guarguaglini M, Duthoit L, Loison D, Brambrink E. X-ray powder diffraction in reflection geometry on multi-beam kJ-type laser facilities. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:013902. [PMID: 33514214 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An ultrafast x-ray powder diffraction setup for laser-driven dynamic compression has been developed at the LULI2000 laser facility. X-ray diffraction is performed in reflection geometry from a quasi-monochromatic laser-generated plasma x-ray source. In comparison to a transmission geometry setup, this configuration allows us to probe only a small portion of the compressed sample, as well as to shield the detectors against the x-rays generated by the laser-plasma interaction on the front side of the target. Thus, this new platform facilitates probing of spatially and temporarily uniform thermodynamic conditions and enables us to study samples of a large range of atomic numbers, thicknesses, and compression dynamics. As a proof-of-concept, we report direct structural measurements of the bcc-hcp transition both in shock and ramp-compressed polycrystalline iron with diffraction signals recorded between 2θ ∼ 30° and ∼150°. In parallel, the pressure and temperature history of probed samples is measured by rear-side visible diagnostics (velocimetry and pyrometry).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Denoeud
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J-A Hernandez
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - T Vinci
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Benuzzi-Mounaix
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Brygoo
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Berlioux
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Lefevre
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Sollier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - L Videau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Ravasio
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Guarguaglini
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Duthoit
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - D Loison
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - E Brambrink
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Investigating off-Hugoniot states using multi-layer ring-up targets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13172. [PMID: 32764631 PMCID: PMC7413406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser compression has long been used as a method to study solids at high pressure. This is commonly achieved by sandwiching a sample between two diamond anvils and using a ramped laser pulse to slowly compress the sample, while keeping it cool enough to stay below the melt curve. We demonstrate a different approach, using a multilayer ‘ring-up’ target whereby laser-ablation pressure compresses Pb up to 150 GPa while keeping it solid, over two times as high in pressure than where it would shock melt on the Hugoniot. We find that the efficiency of this approach compares favourably with the commonly used diamond sandwich technique and could be important for new facilities located at XFELs and synchrotrons which often have higher repetition rate, lower energy lasers which limits the achievable pressures that can be reached.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tracy SJ, Turneaure SJ, Duffy TS. Structural response of α-quartz under plate-impact shock compression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb3913. [PMID: 32923639 PMCID: PMC7449673 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Because of its far-reaching applications in geophysics and materials science, quartz has been one of the most extensively examined materials under dynamic compression. Despite 50 years of active research, questions remain concerning the structure and transformation of SiO2 under shock compression. Continuum gas-gun studies have established that under shock loading quartz transforms through an assumed mixed-phase region to a dense high-pressure phase. While it has often been assumed that this high-pressure phase corresponds to the stishovite structure observed in static experiments, there have been no crystal structure data confirming this. In this study, we use gas-gun shock compression coupled with in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction to interrogate the crystal structure of shock-compressed α-quartz up to 65 GPa. Our results reveal that α-quartz undergoes a phase transformation to a disordered metastable phase as opposed to crystalline stishovite or an amorphous structure, challenging long-standing assumptions about the dynamic response of this fundamental material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally June Tracy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Stefan J. Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Thomas S. Duffy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schoelmerich MO, Tschentscher T, Bhat S, Bolme CA, Cunningham E, Farla R, Galtier E, Gleason AE, Harmand M, Inubushi Y, Katagiri K, Miyanishi K, Nagler B, Ozaki N, Preston TR, Redmer R, Smith RF, Tobase T, Togashi T, Tracy SJ, Umeda Y, Wollenweber L, Yabuuchi T, Zastrau U, Appel K. Evidence of shock-compressed stishovite above 300 GPa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10197. [PMID: 32576908 PMCID: PMC7311448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SiO2 is one of the most fundamental constituents in planetary bodies, being an essential building block of major mineral phases in the crust and mantle of terrestrial planets (1-10 ME). Silica at depths greater than 300 km may be present in the form of the rutile-type, high pressure polymorph stishovite (P42/mnm) and its thermodynamic stability is of great interest for understanding the seismic and dynamic structure of planetary interiors. Previous studies on stishovite via static and dynamic (shock) compression techniques are contradictory and the observed differences in the lattice-level response is still not clearly understood. Here, laser-induced shock compression experiments at the LCLS- and SACLA XFEL light-sources elucidate the high-pressure behavior of stishovite on the lattice-level under in situ conditions on the Hugoniot to pressures above 300 GPa. We find stishovite is still (meta-)stable at these conditions, and does not undergo any phase transitions. This contradicts static experiments showing structural transformations to the CaCl2, α-PbO2 and pyrite-type structures. However, rate-limited kinetic hindrance may explain our observations. These results are important to our understanding into the validity of EOS data from nanosecond experiments for geophysical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shrikant Bhat
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Cindy A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Eric Cunningham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Robert Farla
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Eric Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Marion Harmand
- Institute of Mineralogy, Materials Physics and Cosmochemistry, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Miyanishi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald Redmer
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Ray F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94500, USA
| | - Tsubasa Tobase
- Center for High-Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Sally J Tracy
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C., 20015, USA
| | - Yuhei Umeda
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
In situ X-ray diffraction of silicate liquids and glasses under dynamic and static compression to megabar pressures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11981-11986. [PMID: 32414927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920470117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of liquid silicates under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions are critical for modeling the dynamics and solidification mechanisms of the magma ocean in the early Earth, as well as for constraining entrainment of melts in the mantle and in the present-day core-mantle boundary. Here we present in situ structural measurements by X-ray diffraction of selected amorphous silicates compressed statically in diamond anvil cells (up to 157 GPa at room temperature) or dynamically by laser-generated shock compression (up to 130 GPa and 6,000 K along the MgSiO3 glass Hugoniot). The X-ray diffraction patterns of silicate glasses and liquids reveal similar characteristics over a wide pressure and temperature range. Beyond the increase in Si coordination observed at 20 GPa, we find no evidence for major structural changes occurring in the silicate melts studied up to pressures and temperatures exceeding Earth's core mantle boundary conditions. This result is supported by molecular dynamics calculations. Our findings reinforce the widely used assumption that the silicate glasses studies are appropriate structural analogs for understanding the atomic arrangement of silicate liquids at these high pressures.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee SK, Mun KY, Kim YH, Lhee J, Okuchi T, Lin JF. Degree of Permanent Densification in Oxide Glasses upon Extreme Compression up to 24 GPa at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2917-2924. [PMID: 32223166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the decompression of plastically deformed glasses at room temperature, some aspects of irreversible densification may be preserved. This densification has been primarily attributed to topological changes in glass networks. The changes in short-range structures like cation coordination numbers are often assumed to be relaxed upon decompression. Here the NMR results for aluminosilicate glass upon permanent densification up to 24 GPa reveal noticeable changes in the Al coordination number under pressure conditions as low as ∼6 GPa. A drastic increase in the highly coordinated Al fraction is evident over only a relatively narrow pressure range of up to ∼12 GPa, above which the coordination change becomes negligible up to 24 GPa. In contrast, Si coordination environments do not change, highlighting preferential coordination transformation during deformation. The observed trend in the coordination environment shows a remarkable similarity to the pressure-induced changes in the residual glass density, yielding a predictive relationship between the irreversible densification and the detailed structures under extreme compression. The results open a way to access the nature of plastic deformation in complex glasses at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Lee
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kwan Young Mun
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Juho Lhee
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Takuo Okuchi
- Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa 682-0193, Japan
| | - Jung-Fu Lin
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brown SB, Gleason AE, Galtier E, Higginbotham A, Arnold B, Fry A, Granados E, Hashim A, Schroer CG, Schropp A, Seiboth F, Tavella F, Xing Z, Mao W, Lee HJ, Nagler B. Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau8044. [PMID: 30873430 PMCID: PMC6408150 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under rapid high-temperature, high-pressure loading, lattices exhibit complex elastic-inelastic responses. The dynamics of these responses are challenging to measure experimentally because of high sample density and extremely small relevant spatial and temporal scales. Here, we use an x-ray free-electron laser providing simultaneous in situ direct imaging and x-ray diffraction to spatially resolve lattice dynamics of silicon under high-strain rate conditions. We present the first imaging of a new intermediate elastic feature modulating compression along the axis of applied stress, and we identify the structure, compression, and density behind each observed wave. The ultrafast probe x-rays enabled time-resolved characterization of the intermediate elastic feature, which is leveraged to constrain kinetic inhibition of the phase transformation between 2 and 4 ns. These results not only address long-standing questions about the response of silicon under extreme environments but also demonstrate the potential for ultrafast direct measurements to illuminate new lattice dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Brennan Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Building 530, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. E. Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - B. Arnold
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Fry
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Hashim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. G. Schroer
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Schropp
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Seiboth
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Tavella
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Z. Xing
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W. Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 367 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305-2220, USA
| | - H. J. Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - B. Nagler
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tracy SJ, Turneaure SJ, Duffy TS. In situ X-Ray Diffraction of Shock-Compressed Fused Silica. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:135702. [PMID: 29694206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.135702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of its widespread applications in materials science and geophysics, SiO_{2} has been extensively examined under shock compression. Both quartz and fused silica transform through a so-called "mixed-phase region" to a dense, low compressibility high-pressure phase. For decades, the nature of this phase has been a subject of debate. Proposed structures include crystalline stishovite, another high-pressure crystalline phase, or a dense amorphous phase. Here we use plate-impact experiments and pulsed synchrotron x-ray diffraction to examine the structure of fused silica shock compressed to 63 GPa. In contrast to recent laser-driven compression experiments, we find that fused silica adopts a dense amorphous structure at 34 GPa and below. When compressed above 34 GPa, fused silica transforms to untextured polycrystalline stishovite. Our results can explain previously ambiguous features of the shock-compression behavior of fused silica and are consistent with recent molecular dynamics simulations. Stishovite grain sizes are estimated to be ∼5-30 nm for compression over a few hundred nanosecond time scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally June Tracy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Stefan J Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2816, USA
| | - Thomas S Duffy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|