1
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Pandolfi S, Brown SB, Stubley PG, Higginbotham A, Bolme CA, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Galtier E, Sandberg RL, Yang W, Mao WL, Wark JS, Gleason AE. Atomistic deformation mechanism of silicon under laser-driven shock compression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5535. [PMID: 36130983 PMCID: PMC9492784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, and it is the most widely used semiconductor. Despite extensive study, some properties of Si, such as its behaviour under dynamic compression, remain elusive. A detailed understanding of Si deformation is crucial for various fields, ranging from planetary science to materials design. Simulations suggest that in Si the shear stress generated during shock compression is released via a high-pressure phase transition, challenging the classical picture of relaxation via defect-mediated plasticity. However, direct evidence supporting either deformation mechanism remains elusive. Here, we use sub-picosecond, highly-monochromatic x-ray diffraction to study (100)-oriented single-crystal Si under laser-driven shock compression. We provide the first unambiguous, time-resolved picture of Si deformation at ultra-high strain rates, demonstrating the predicted shear release via phase transition. Our results resolve the longstanding controversy on silicon deformation and provide direct proof of strain rate-dependent deformation mechanisms in a non-metallic system. Understanding the how silicon deforms under pressure is important for several fields, including planetary science and materials design. Laser-driven shock compression experiments now confirm that shear stress generated during compression is released via a high-pressure phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pandolfi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - S Brennan Brown
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - P G Stubley
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Univeristy of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | | | - C A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R L Sandberg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - W Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - W L Mao
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 367 Panama St., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Univeristy of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A E Gleason
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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2
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Gleason AE, Rittman DR, Bolme CA, Galtier E, Lee HJ, Granados E, Ali S, Lazicki A, Swift D, Celliers P, Militzer B, Stanley S, Mao WL. Dynamic compression of water to conditions in ice giant interiors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:715. [PMID: 35027608 PMCID: PMC8758754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries of water-rich Neptune-like exoplanets require a more detailed understanding of the phase diagram of H2O at pressure–temperature conditions relevant to their planetary interiors. The unusual non-dipolar magnetic fields of ice giant planets, produced by convecting liquid ionic water, are influenced by exotic high-pressure states of H2O—yet the structure of ice in this state is challenging to determine experimentally. Here we present X-ray diffraction evidence of a body-centered cubic (BCC) structured H2O ice at 200 GPa and ~ 5000 K, deemed ice XIX, using the X-ray Free Electron Laser of the Linac Coherent Light Source to probe the structure of the oxygen sub-lattice during dynamic compression. Although several cubic or orthorhombic structures have been predicted to be the stable structure at these conditions, we show this BCC ice phase is stable to multi-Mbar pressures and temperatures near the melt boundary. This suggests variable and increased electrical conductivity to greater depths in ice giant planets that may promote the generation of multipolar magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Gleason
- Fundamental Physics Directorate, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. .,Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - D R Rittman
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S Ali
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - A Lazicki
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - D Swift
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - P Celliers
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - B Militzer
- Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S Stanley
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Applied Physics Lab, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - W L Mao
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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3
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Pardini T, Alameda J, Aquila A, Boutet S, Decker T, Gleason AE, Guillet S, Hamilton P, Hayes M, Hill R, Koglin J, Kozioziemski B, Robinson J, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Soufli R, Hau-Riege SP. Erratum: Delayed Onset of Nonthermal Melting in Single-Crystal Silicon Pumped with Hard X Rays [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 265701 (2018)]. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:129903. [PMID: 32281872 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.129903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.265701.
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4
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Coleman AL, Gorman MG, Briggs R, McWilliams RS, McGonegle D, Bolme CA, Gleason AE, Fratanduono DE, Smith RF, Galtier E, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Granados E, Collins GW, Eggert JH, Wark JS, McMahon MI. Identification of Phase Transitions and Metastability in Dynamically Compressed Antimony Using Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:255704. [PMID: 31347883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.255704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast x-ray diffraction at the LCLS x-ray free electron laser has been used to resolve the structural behavior of antimony under shock compression to 59 GPa. Antimony is seen to transform to the incommensurate, host-guest phase Sb-II at ∼11 GPa, which forms on nanosecond timescales with ordered guest-atom chains. The high-pressure bcc phase Sb-III is observed above ∼15 GPa, some 8 GPa lower than in static compression studies, and mixed Sb-III/liquid diffraction are obtained between 38 and 59 GPa. An additional phase which does not exist under static compression, Sb-I^{'}, is also observed between 8 and 12 GPa, beyond the normal stability field of Sb-I, and resembles Sb-I with a resolved Peierls distortion. The incommensurate Sb-II high-pressure phase can be recovered metastably on release to ambient pressure, where it is stable for more than 10 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Coleman
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - M G Gorman
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - R Briggs
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - R S McWilliams
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A E Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Department of Mechanical of Engineering, University of Rochester, 235 Hopeman Building, P.O. Box 270132, Rochester, New York 12647, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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5
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Brown SB, Gleason AE, Galtier E, Higginbotham A, Arnold B, Fry A, Granados E, Hashim A, Schroer CG, Schropp A, Seiboth F, Tavella F, Xing Z, Mao W, Lee HJ, Nagler B. Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau8044. [PMID: 30873430 PMCID: PMC6408150 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under rapid high-temperature, high-pressure loading, lattices exhibit complex elastic-inelastic responses. The dynamics of these responses are challenging to measure experimentally because of high sample density and extremely small relevant spatial and temporal scales. Here, we use an x-ray free-electron laser providing simultaneous in situ direct imaging and x-ray diffraction to spatially resolve lattice dynamics of silicon under high-strain rate conditions. We present the first imaging of a new intermediate elastic feature modulating compression along the axis of applied stress, and we identify the structure, compression, and density behind each observed wave. The ultrafast probe x-rays enabled time-resolved characterization of the intermediate elastic feature, which is leveraged to constrain kinetic inhibition of the phase transformation between 2 and 4 ns. These results not only address long-standing questions about the response of silicon under extreme environments but also demonstrate the potential for ultrafast direct measurements to illuminate new lattice dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Brennan Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Building 530, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. E. Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - B. Arnold
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Fry
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Hashim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. G. Schroer
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Schropp
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Seiboth
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Tavella
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Z. Xing
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W. Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 367 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305-2220, USA
| | - H. J. Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - B. Nagler
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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6
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Gorman MG, Coleman AL, Briggs R, McWilliams RS, McGonegle D, Bolme CA, Gleason AE, Galtier E, Lee HJ, Granados E, Śliwa M, Sanloup C, Rothman S, Fratanduono DE, Smith RF, Collins GW, Eggert JH, Wark JS, McMahon MI. Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16927. [PMID: 30446720 PMCID: PMC6240068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bismuth has long been a prototypical system for investigating phase transformations and melting at high pressure. Despite decades of experimental study, however, the lattice-level response of Bi to rapid (shock) compression and the relationship between structures occurring dynamically and those observed during slow (static) compression, are still not clearly understood. We have determined the structural response of shock-compressed Bi to 68 GPa using femtosecond X-ray diffraction, thereby revealing the phase transition sequence and equation-of-state in unprecedented detail for the first time. We show that shocked-Bi exhibits a marked departure from equilibrium behavior - the incommensurate Bi-III phase is not observed, but rather a new metastable phase, and the Bi-V phase is formed at significantly lower pressures compared to static compression studies. We also directly measure structural changes in a shocked liquid for the first time. These observations reveal new behaviour in the solid and liquid phases of a shocked material and give important insights into the validity of comparing static and dynamic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Gorman
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94500, USA.
| | - A L Coleman
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - R Briggs
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94500, USA
| | - R S McWilliams
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - D McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - A E Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M Śliwa
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - C Sanloup
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - S Rothman
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94500, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94500, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, and Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94500, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - M I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
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7
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Pardini T, Alameda J, Aquila A, Boutet S, Decker T, Gleason AE, Guillet S, Hamilton P, Hayes M, Hill R, Koglin J, Kozioziemski B, Robinson J, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Soufli R, Hau-Riege SP. Delayed Onset of Nonthermal Melting in Single-Crystal Silicon Pumped with Hard X Rays. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:265701. [PMID: 30004754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.265701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we monitor the onset of nonthermal melting in single-crystal silicon by implementing an x-ray pump-x-ray probe scheme. Using the ultrashort pulses provided by the Linac Coherent Light Source (SLAC) and a custom-built split-and-delay line for hard x rays, we achieve the temporal resolution needed to detect the onset of the transition. Our data show no loss of long-range order up to 150±40 fs from photoabsorption, which we interpret as the time needed for the electronic system to equilibrate at or above the critical nonthermal melting temperature. Once such equilibration is reached, the loss of long-range atomic order proceeds inertially and is completed within 315±40 fs from photoabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pardini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Alameda
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Aquila
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Decker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A E Gleason
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Guillet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Hamilton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Hayes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Hill
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Koglin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Robinson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Sokolowski-Tinten
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - R Soufli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S P Hau-Riege
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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8
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Gleason AE, Bolme CA, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Galtier E, Kraus RG, Sandberg R, Yang W, Langenhorst F, Mao WL. Time-resolved diffraction of shock-released SiO 2 and diaplectic glass formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1481. [PMID: 29133910 PMCID: PMC5684137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how rock-forming minerals transform under shock loading is critical for modeling collisions between planetary bodies, interpreting the significance of shock features in minerals and for using them as diagnostic indicators of impact conditions, such as shock pressure. To date, our understanding of the formation processes experienced by shocked materials is based exclusively on ex situ analyses of recovered samples. Formation mechanisms and origins of commonly observed mesoscale material features, such as diaplectic (i.e., shocked) glass, remain therefore controversial and unresolvable. Here we show in situ pump-probe X-ray diffraction measurements on fused silica crystallizing to stishovite on shock compression and then converting to an amorphous phase on shock release in only 2.4 ns from 33.6 GPa. Recovered glass fragments suggest permanent densification. These observations of real-time diaplectic glass formation attest that it is a back-transformation product of stishovite with implications for revising traditional shock metamorphism stages. Our understanding of shock metamorphism and thus the collision of planetary bodies is limited by a dependence on ex situ analyses. Here, the authors perform in situ analysis on shocked-produced densified glass and show that estimates of impactor size based on traditional techniques are likely inflated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA. .,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R G Kraus
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - R Sandberg
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - W Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China.,HPSynC, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - F Langenhorst
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - W L Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 367 Panama St., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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9
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Gleason AE, Bolme CA, Galtier E, Lee HJ, Granados E, Dolan DH, Seagle CT, Ao T, Ali S, Lazicki A, Swift D, Celliers P, Mao WL. Compression Freezing Kinetics of Water to Ice VII. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:025701. [PMID: 28753373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.025701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved x-ray diffraction (XRD) of compressed liquid water shows transformation to ice VII in 6 nsec, revealing crystallization rather than amorphous solidification during compression freezing. Application of classical nucleation theory indicates heterogeneous nucleation and one-dimensional (e.g., needlelike) growth. These first XRD data demonstrate rapid growth kinetics of ice VII with implications for fundamental physics of diffusion-mediated crystallization and thermodynamic modeling of collision or impact events on ice-rich planetary bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - D H Dolan
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - C T Seagle
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - T Ao
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - S Ali
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - A Lazicki
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - D Swift
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - P Celliers
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - W L Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA
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10
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Briggs R, Gorman MG, Coleman AL, McWilliams RS, McBride EE, McGonegle D, Wark JS, Peacock L, Rothman S, Macleod SG, Bolme CA, Gleason AE, Collins GW, Eggert JH, Fratanduono DE, Smith RF, Galtier E, Granados E, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Nam I, Xing Z, McMahon MI. Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Phase Transitions and Equation of State of Scandium Shock Compressed to 82 GPa. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:025501. [PMID: 28128621 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.025501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using x-ray diffraction at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free-electron laser, we have determined simultaneously and self-consistently the phase transitions and equation of state (EOS) of the lightest transition metal, scandium, under shock compression. On compression scandium undergoes a structural phase transition between 32 and 35 GPa to the same bcc structure seen at high temperatures at ambient pressures, and then a further transition at 46 GPa to the incommensurate host-guest polymorph found above 21 GPa in static compression at room temperature. Shock melting of the host-guest phase is observed between 53 and 72 GPa with the disappearance of Bragg scattering and the growth of a broad asymmetric diffraction peak from the high-density liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Briggs
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - M G Gorman
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - A L Coleman
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - R S McWilliams
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - E E McBride
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L Peacock
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S Rothman
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S G Macleod
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom and Institute of Shock Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A E Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I Nam
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Z Xing
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
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11
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Shahar A, Schauble EA, Caracas R, Gleason AE, Reagan MM, Xiao Y, Shu J, Mao W. Pressure-dependent isotopic composition of iron alloys. Science 2016; 352:580-2. [PMID: 27126042 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of Earth's core formation is limited by the fact that this profound event is far removed from us physically and temporally. The composition of the iron metal in the core was a result of the conditions of its formation, which has important implications for our planet's geochemical evolution and physical history. We present experimental and theoretical evidence for the effect of pressure on iron isotopic composition, which we found to vary according to the alloy tested (FeO, FeH(x), or Fe3C versus pure Fe). These results suggest that hydrogen or carbon is not the major light-element component in the core. The pressure dependence of iron isotopic composition provides an independent constraint on Earth's core composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shahar
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
| | - E A Schauble
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - R Caracas
- CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, UMR 5276, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - A E Gleason
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - M M Reagan
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Y Xiao
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Carnegie Institution for Science, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - J Shu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - W Mao
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Milathianaki D, Boutet S, Williams GJ, Higginbotham A, Ratner D, Gleason AE, Messerschmidt M, Seibert MM, Swift DC, Hering P, Robinson J, White WE, Wark JS. Femtosecond Visualization of Lattice Dynamics in Shock-Compressed Matter. Science 2013; 342:220-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1239566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Kunz M, Caldwell WA, Clark SM, Mac Dowell AA, Gleason AE, Celestre RS, Domning EE, Yu T, Padmore HA. ALS beamline 12.2.2, a high-pressure X-ray user facility at the US-West-Coast. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305084151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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