1
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Yu X, Feng B, Yao M, Peng J, Yang S. Recent Progress in Modular Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrogen and High-Value-added Chemicals based on Solid Redox Mediator. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310573. [PMID: 38453689 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of H2 and high-value-added chemicals is an efficient and cost-effective approach that can be powered using renewable electricity. Compared to a conventional electrochemical production system, the modular electrochemical production system (MEPS) based on a solid redox mediator (SRM) can separate the anodic and cathodic reactions in time and space. The MEPS can avoid the use of membranes and formation of useless products, as well as eliminate the mutual dependence of production rates at anode and cathode. The SRM can temporarily store or release electrons and ions to pair with cathodic and anodic reactions, respectively, in MEPS. Designing of SRMs with large charge capacity and good cyclability is of great significance for constructing a high-performance MEPS. This work summarizes the design principles, recent advances in MEPS based on SRM, and application in redox flow cells. Moreover, structure design strategies as well as in situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations for SRM is also proposed. It is expected to promote the vigorous development of MEPS based on SRM. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of MEPS based on SRM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Biao Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Min Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Shubin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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2
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Chen Y, Chen GZ. Half-Electrolysis of Water with the Aid of a Supercapacitor Electrode. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:6104-6110. [PMID: 37323209 PMCID: PMC10265655 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Half-electrolysis runs one desirable half-cell reaction with the aid of a counter supercapacitor electrode which replaces the other unwanted half-cell reaction occurred inevitably in conventional electrolysis. Herein, it is developed to complete the whole cell reaction of water electrolysis, in alternative steps, with a capacitive activated carbon (AC) electrode and an electrolysis Pt electrode. When positively charging the AC electrode, a hydrogen evolution reaction occurs at the Pt electrode. By reversing the current, the charge stored in the AC electrode is discharged to assist the oxygen evolution reaction on the same Pt electrode. Consecutive completion of the two processes realizes the overall reaction of water electrolysis. This strategy leads to stepwise production of H2 and O2 without the need of a diaphragm in the cell and hence results in a lower energy consumption compared with the practical conventional electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- The
State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, College of Materials
and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - George Zheng Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7RD, U.K.
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3
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Ha M, Thangavel P, Dang NK, Kim DY, Sultan S, Lee JS, Kim KS. High-Performing Atomic Electrocatalyst for Chlorine Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300240. [PMID: 36794290 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts facilitating chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) play a vital role in chlor-alkali industries. Owing to a huge amount of chlorine consumed worldwide, inexpensive high-performing catalysts for Cl2 production are highly demanded. Here, a superb ClER catalyst fabricated through uniform dispersion of Pt single atoms (SAs) in C2 N2 moieties of N-doped graphene (denoted as Pt-1) is presented, which demonstrates near 100% exclusive ClER selectivity, long-term durability, extraordinary Cl2 production rate (3500 mmol h-1 gPt -1 ), and >140 000-fold increased mass activity over industrial electrodes in acidic medium. Excitingly, at the typical chlor-alkali industries' operating temperature (80 °C), Pt-1 supported on carbon paper electrode requires a near thermoneutral ultralow overpotential of 5 mV at 1 mA cm-2 current density to initiate the ClER, consistent with the predicted density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Altogether these results show the promising electrocatalyst of Pt-1 toward ClER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Ha
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Pandiarajan Thangavel
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Kim Dang
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Siraj Sultan
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang S Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ma Z, Wang H, Zhou Q, Liang B, Li M, Wang P, Zhan S. Energy efficient portable air cathode electrochlorinator for point-of-use disinfection of toilet wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130793. [PMID: 36731314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Active chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant for water disinfection as well as surface sterilization. Here, we report an air cathode electrochlorinator for point-of-use disinfection of toilet wastewater. The air cathode dominated by a four-electron pathway to reduce O2 to OH- was more suitable for chlorine synthesis than through a two-electron pathway to H2O2, which could reduce chlorine back to chloride ions. The minimum driving potential of the air cathode electrochlorinator was as low as 0.94 V, which made it possible to be directly powered by a piece of commercial mini photovoltaic solar panel without electronic converter. Under the cell voltage of 2 V, the Faraday current efficiency was 82.0 % and the electrical energy required to produce 1 kg active chlorine was estimated to be only 1.75 kWh. The normalized energy consumption to disinfect simulated toilet wastewater with a pathogen concentration of 107 CFU/mL was estimated to be 7.2 W h/m3. Moreover, the material cost for fabrication of the electrochlorinator was estimated to be less than $ 0.62. These features guarantee the air cathode electrochlorinator of high potential for point-of-use disinfection of toilet wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China; Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
| | - Qixing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China; Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Bolong Liang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mingmei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
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5
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Han S, Cheng C, He M, Li R, Gao Y, Yu Y, Zhang B, Liu C. Preferential Adsorption of Ethylene Oxide on Fe and Chlorine on Ni Enabled Scalable Electrosynthesis of Ethylene Chlorohydrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216581. [PMID: 36734467 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Industrial manufacturing of ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) critically requires excess corrosive hydrochloric acid or hypochlorous acid with dealing with massive by-products and wastes. Here we report a green and efficient electrosynthesis of ECH from ethylene oxide (EO) with NaCl over a NiFe2 O4 nanosheet anode. Theoretical results suggest that EO and Cl preferentially adsorb on Fe and Ni sites, respectively, collaboratively promoting the ECH synthesis. A Cl radical-mediated ring-opening process is proposed and confirmed, and the key Cl and carbon radical species are identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. This strategy can enable scalable electrosynthesis of 185.1 mmol of ECH in 1 h with 92.5 % yield at a 55 mA cm-2 current density. Furthermore, a series of other chloro- and bromoethanols with good to high yields and paired synthesis of ECH and 4-amino-3,6-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylicacid via respectively loading and unloading Cl are achieved, showing the promising potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chuanqi Cheng
- Institute of New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Meng He
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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6
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Zhang L, Wang Y. Decoupled Artificial Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219076. [PMID: 36847210 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural photosynthesis (NP) generates oxygen and carbohydrates from water and CO2 utilizing solar energy to nourish lives and balance CO2 levels. Following nature, artificial photosynthesis (AP), typically, overall water or CO2 splitting, produces fuels and chemicals from renewable energy. However, hydrogen evolution or CO2 reduction is inherently coupled with kinetically sluggish water oxidation, lowering efficiencies and raising safety concerns. Decoupled systems have thus emerged. In this review, we elaborate how decoupled artificial photosynthesis (DAP) evolves from NP and AP and unveil their distinct photoelectrochemical mechanisms in energy capture, transduction and conversion. Advances of AP and DAP are summarized in terms of photochemical (PC), photoelectrochemical (PEC), and photovoltaic-electrochemical (PV-EC) catalysis based on material and device design. The energy transduction process of DAP is emphasized. Challenges and perspectives on future researches are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yaobing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
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7
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Zheng X, Lv F, Liu X, Zheng Z, Chen Y. Decoupled alkaline water electrolysis by a K 0.5MnO 2-Ti mediator via K-ion insertion/extraction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2138-2141. [PMID: 36727267 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Conventional one-step water electrolyzers generate H2 accompanied by O2 evolution, and may cause gas mixing and high cell voltage inputs. Herein, using the potassium ion battery material of K0.5MnO2-Ti as a mediator, we effectively decoupled the H2 and O2 evolution of alkaline water electrolysis temporally, thereby achieving a membrane-free pathway for H2 production. As a mediator electrode for charge storage, the K0.5MnO2-Ti exhibited a stable capacity of 100 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 owing to the reversible K-ion insertion/extraction mechanism. The decoupled water electrolysis device exhibited the step voltages for hydrogen and oxygen production of 1.02 and 0.57 V at 5 mA, respectively. A nearly unity Faradaic efficiency and sustained production of pure H2 has been demonstrated at a constant current density. We anticipate that this mediator demonstrated here may provide a route for the practical application of the decoupling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Zheng
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Fei Lv
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Zhihao Zheng
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Yubin Chen
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
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8
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Zhang W, Liu M, Gu X, Shi Y, Deng Z, Cai N. Water Electrolysis toward Elevated Temperature: Advances, Challenges and Frontiers. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 36749705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since severe global warming and related climate issues have been caused by the extensive utilization of fossil fuels, the vigorous development of renewable resources is needed, and transformation into stable chemical energy is required to overcome the detriment of their fluctuations as energy sources. As an environmentally friendly and efficient energy carrier, hydrogen can be employed in various industries and produced directly by renewable energy (called green hydrogen). Nevertheless, large-scale green hydrogen production by water electrolysis is prohibited by its uncompetitive cost caused by a high specific energy demand and electricity expenses, which can be overcome by enhancing the corresponding thermodynamics and kinetics at elevated working temperatures. In the present review, the effects of temperature variation are primarily introduced from the perspective of electrolysis cells. Following an increasing order of working temperature, multidimensional evaluations considering materials and structures, performance, degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies as well as electrolysis in stacks and systems are presented based on elevated temperature alkaline electrolysis cells and polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis cells (ET-AECs and ET-PEMECs), elevated temperature ionic conductors (ET-ICs), protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing Institute of Smart Energy, Changping District, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing Institute of Smart Energy, Changping District, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yixiang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing Institute of Smart Energy, Changping District, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Zhanfeng Deng
- Beijing Institute of Smart Energy, Changping District, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Ningsheng Cai
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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González A, Grágeda M, Ushak S. Modeling and Validation of a LiOH Production Process by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis from Concentrated LiCl. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:187. [PMID: 36837690 PMCID: PMC9963233 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane processes for LiOH production from lithium brines obtained from solar evaporation ponds in production processes of the Salar de Atacama are considered. In order to analyze high concentrations' effect on ion exchange membranes, the use of concentrated LiCl aqueous solutions in a bipolar membrane electrodialysis process to produce LiOH solutions higher than 3.0% by mass is initially investigated. For this purpose, a mathematical model based on the Nernst-Planck equation is developed and validated, and a parametric study is simulated considering as input variables electrolyte concentrations, applied current density, stack design, process design and membrane characteristics. As a novelty, this mathematical model allows estimating LiOH production in a wide concentration range of LiCl, HCl and LiOH solutions and its effect on the process, providing data on final LiOH solution purity, current efficiency, specific electricity consumption and membrane performance. Among the main results, a concentration of 4.0% to 4.5% by LiOH mass is achieved, with a solution purity higher than 95% by mass and specific electrical energy consumption close to 4.0 kWh/kg. The work performed provides key information on process sensitivity to operating conditions and process design characteristics. These results serve as a guide in the application of this technology to lithium hydroxide production.
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10
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Guo M, Zhan J, Wang Z, Wang X, Dai Z, Wang T. Supercapacitors as redox mediators for decoupled water splitting. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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A New Method Based on a Zero Gap Electrolysis Cell for Producing Bleach: Concept Validation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060602. [PMID: 35736310 PMCID: PMC9230961 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Commercial bleach (3.6 wt% active chlorine) is prepared by diluting highly concentrated industrial solutions of sodium hypochlorite (about 13 wt% active chlorine) obtained mainly by bubbling chlorine gas into dilute caustic soda. The chlorine and soda used are often obtained by electrolyzing a sodium chloride solution in two-compartment cells (chlorine-soda processes). On a smaller scale, small units used for swimming pool water treatment, for example, allow the production of low-concentration bleach (0.3 to 1 wt% active chlorine) by use of a direct electrolysis of sodium chloride brine. The oxidation and degradation reaction of hypochlorite ion (ClO−) at the anode is the major limiting element of this two-compartment process. In this study, we have developed a new process to obtain higher levels of active chlorine up to 3.6%, or 12° chlorometric degree. For this purpose, we tested a device consisting of a zero-gap electrolysis cell, with three compartments separated by a pair of membranes that can be porous or ion-exchange. The idea is to generate in the anode compartment hypochlorous acid (HClO) at high levels by continuously adjusting its pH to a value between 4.5 and 5.5. In the cathodic compartment, caustic soda is obtained, while the central compartment is supplied with brine. The hypochlorous acid solution is then neutralized with a concentrated solution of NaOH to obtain bleach. In this work, we studied several membrane couples that allowed us to optimize the operating conditions and to obtain bleach with contents close to 1.8 wt% of active chlorine. The results obtained according to the properties of the membranes, their durability, and the imposed electrochemical conditions were discussed.
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12
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Long W, She Q. A multifunctional and low-energy electrochemical membrane system for chemical-free regulation of solution pH. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118330. [PMID: 35358878 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A proper pH environment is essential for a wide variety of industries and applications especially related to water treatment. Current methods for pH adjustment including addition of acid/base and electrochemical processes demonstrate disadvantages associated with environment and energy. Here, we designed a multifunctional electrochemical membrane system (EMS) with one piece of filtration membrane inserted into an electrochemical cell. When electrical field was applied, OH- and H+ ions were produced from reduction and oxidation reactions at cathode and anode, respectively. The membrane posed a resistance for the transport of OH- and H+ ions and prevented their mixing in the cell. The EMS can be also operated in a filtration mode, which could simultaneously regulate permeate and feed pH and accomplish water filtration. In both non-filtration and filtration modes, EMS could achieve effective control of solution pH over a wide range by exerting different voltages without dosing any chemicals. Under the voltage of 1.2 V, the solution pH could reach and be maintained at 10.7 and 3.3 in cathodic and anodic channels, respectively. Furthermore, it was experimentally demonstrated that the EMS only consumed extremely low energy. This, together with membrane filtration in an integrated manner, highlights the huge potential of the EMS for applications in various water industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141
| | - Qianhong She
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141.
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13
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Pravin PS, Luo Z, Li L, Wang X. Learning-based scheduling of industrial hybrid renewable energy systems. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Sun L, Chen X, Mu H, Xu Y, Chen R, Xia R, Xia L, Zhang S. Titanium Nanobowl-Based Nest-Like Nanofiber Structure Prepared at Room Temperature and Pressure Promotes Osseointegration of Beagle Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:841591. [PMID: 35284418 PMCID: PMC8908903 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.841591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nest-like nanofiber structures have potential applications in surface modifications of titanium implants. In this study, nest-like nanofiber structures were prepared on a titanium surface at room temperature and pressure by using the nanobowl template-assisted method combined with alkali etching. The characterization and biocompatibility of this material were analyzed by cellular adhesion, death, CCK-8, ALP, and RT-PCR assays in vitro, and osseointegration was evaluated by micro-CT and fluorescent labeling in vivo. The results showed that this nest-like nanofiber structure has a firmer and asperate surface than nanotubes, which leads to better cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. In a beagle alveolar bone implant model, the nest-like nanofiber structure showed a better osseointegration capacity. In conclusion, this nest-like nanofiber structure has potential applications in dental implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, College of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhang Mu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, College of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruiguo Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Xia
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Xia, ; Lunguo Xia, ; Shanyong Zhang,
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Collage of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Xia, ; Lunguo Xia, ; Shanyong Zhang,
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, College of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Xia, ; Lunguo Xia, ; Shanyong Zhang,
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15
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Lei J, Liu X, Chen X, Luo H, Feng W, Zhang J, Liu F, Pei S, Zhang Y. Ultra-bubble-repellent sodium perfluorosulfonic acid membrane with a mussel-inspired intermediate layer for high-efficiency chlor-alkali electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Research progress on preparation and purification of fluorine-containing chemicals in lithium-ion batteries. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Wang R, Sheng H, Wang F, Li W, Roberts DS, Jin S. Sustainable Coproduction of Two Disinfectants via Hydroxide-Balanced Modular Electrochemical Synthesis Using a Redox Reservoir. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:2083-2091. [PMID: 34963900 PMCID: PMC8704031 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Challenges posed by the sacrificial auxiliary reactions and expensive ion-exchange membranes in conventional electrosynthesis necessitate developing new electrochemical processes to enable efficient and sustainable distributed electrochemical manufacturing. Modular electrochemical synthesis (ModES) using a redox reservoir (RR) offers a promising membrane-free approach to improve energy efficiency and reduce waste through the pairing of multiple independent oxidative and reductive half-reactions; however, undesired ion-imbalance and induced pH changes in the existing ModES process limit sustained production. Here we present Ni(OH)2 as a heterogeneous RR that can selectively store and transport the hydroxide ions involved in the target half-reactions by reversible conversion with NiOOH to enable an ion-balanced ModES of two common disinfectants, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). This hydroxide-balanced ModES realizes stable operation without appreciable pH swing to accumulate practically useful concentrations of H2O2 and NaClO up to 251 and 481 ppm, respectively. These results illustrate additional design principles for electrosynthesis without sacrificial auxiliary reactions and the need for ion-selective RRs for modular electrochemical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hongyuan Sheng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Song Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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18
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Bhuiyan MSA, Liu B, Manuel J, Zhao B, Lee BP. Effect of Conductivity on In Situ Deactivation of Catechol-Boronate Complexation-Based Reversible Smart Adhesive. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4004-4015. [PMID: 34410693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the need for elevated electrical potential to deactivate catechol-based smart adhesive and preserve its reversibility, conductive 1-pyrenemethyl methacrylate (PyMA) was incorporated into a catechol and phenylboronic acid-containing adhesive coating immobilized on aluminum (Al) discs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated that incorporation of 26 mol % of PyMA reduced ionic resistance (Rs) and charge-transfer resistance (Rc) of the coating from over 22 Ω/mm2 to 5.9 and 1.2 Ω/mm2, respectively. A custom-built Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact mechanics test setup was used to evaluate the adhesive property of the coating with in situ applied electricity using a titanium (Ti) sphere both as a test substrate as well as the cathode for application of electricity and the Al disc as the anode. The adhesive coating demonstrated over 95% reduction in the adhesive property when electricity (1-2 V) was applied while the adhesive was in direct contact with the Ti surface. The addition of PyMA enables the deactivation of the adhesive using a voltage as low as 1 V. Both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra confirmed the formation of catechol-boronate complexation through electrochemical stimulation. Breaking the complex with an acidic buffer (pH 3) recovered the catechol for strong wet adhesion and the coating could be repeatedly deactivated and reactivated using low electrical potential for up to five cycles. Incorporation of both conductive PyMA and boronic acid as the temporary protecting group was required to achieve rapidly switchable adhesive that could be deactivated with low applied voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saleh Akram Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - James Manuel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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19
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Musikajaroen S, Polin S, Sattayaporn S, Jindata W, Saenrang W, Kidkhunthod P, Nakajima H, Butburee T, Chanlek N, Meevasana W. Photoenhanced Water Electrolysis in Separate O 2 and H 2 Cells Using Pseudocapacitive Electrodes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19647-19655. [PMID: 34368552 PMCID: PMC8340381 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water electrolysis has received much attention in recent years as a means of sustainable H2 production. However, many challenges remain in obtaining high-purity H2 and making large-scale production cost-effective. This study provides a strategy for integrating a two-cell water electrolysis system with solar energy storage. In our proposed system, CuO-Cu(OH)2/Cu2O was used as a redox mediator between oxygen and hydrogen evolution components. The system not only overcame the gas-mixing issue but also showed high gas generation performance. The redox reaction (charge/discharge) of CuO-Cu(OH)2/Cu2O led to a significant increase (51%) in the initial rate of H2 production from 111.7 μmol h-1 cm-2 in the dark to 168.9 μmol h-1 cm-2 under solar irradiation. The effects of light on the redox reaction of CuO-Cu(OH)2/Cu2O during water electrolysis were investigated by in situ X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy. These results suggest that surface oxygen vacancies are created under irradiation and play an important role in increased capacitance and gas generation. These findings provide a new path to direct storage of abundant solar energy and low-cost sustainable hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supansa Musikajaroen
- Research
Network NANOTEC-SUT on Advanced Nanomaterials and Characterization
and School of Physics, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Siwat Polin
- Research
Network NANOTEC-SUT on Advanced Nanomaterials and Characterization
and School of Physics, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | | | - Warakorn Jindata
- Research
Network NANOTEC-SUT on Advanced Nanomaterials and Characterization
and School of Physics, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Wittawat Saenrang
- Research
Network NANOTEC-SUT on Advanced Nanomaterials and Characterization
and School of Physics, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pinit Kidkhunthod
- Synchrotron
Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Hideki Nakajima
- Synchrotron
Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Teera Butburee
- National
Nanotechnology Center, National Science
and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Narong Chanlek
- Synchrotron
Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Worawat Meevasana
- Research
Network NANOTEC-SUT on Advanced Nanomaterials and Characterization
and School of Physics, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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20
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Lalia BS, Khalil A, Hashaikeh R. Selective electrochemical separation and recovery of calcium and magnesium from brine. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Wang Y, Xue Y, Zhang C. Rational Surface and Interfacial Engineering of IrO 2 /TiO 2 Nanosheet Arrays toward High-Performance Chlorine Evolution Electrocatalysis and Practical Environmental Remediation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006587. [PMID: 33719156 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical and commercially valuable electrochemical reaction in industrial-scale utilization, including the Chlor-alkali industry, seawater electrolysis, and saline wastewater treatment. Aiming at boosting CER electrocatalysis, hybrid IrO2 /TiO2 nanosheet arrays (NSAs) with rational surface and interfacial tuning strategies are proposed in this study. The IrO2 /TiO2 NSAs exhibit superb CER electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential (44 mV) at 10 mA cm-2 , low Tafel slope of 40 mV dec-1 , high CER selectivity (95.8%), and long-term durability, outperforming most of the existing counterparts. The boosting mechanism is proposed that the aerophobic/hydrophilic surface engineering and interfacial electronic structure tuning of IrO2 /TiO2 are beneficial for the Cl- mass-transfer, Cl2 release, and Volmer-Heyvrosky kinetics during the CER. Practical saline wastewater treatment by using the IrO2 /TiO2 NSAs electrode is further conducted, demonstrating it has a higher p-nitrophenol degradation ratio (95.10% in 60 min) than that of other electrodes. The rational surface and interfacial engineering of IrO2 /TiO2 NSAs can open up a new way to design highly efficient electrocatalysts for industrial application and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology of Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Xue
- College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology of Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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22
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Araújo PRM, Biondi CM, do Nascimento CWA, da Silva FBV, da Silva WR, da Silva FL, de Melo Ferreira DK. Assessing the spatial distribution and ecologic and human health risks in mangrove soils polluted by Hg in northeastern Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129019. [PMID: 33272678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emission of mercury (Hg) by chlor-alkali plants can pollute soils and sediments, posing risks to the environment and human health. Mangrove ecosystems are particularly sensitive to Hg contamination. Here, we studied the Hg spatial distribution and associated human and ecologic risks in mangrove soils impacted by a chlor-alkali plant. Sixty-six samples of superficial soils were collected from the mangrove of the Botafogo River, Brazil. Mercury contents were determined and ecological and human health risks were estimated from the soil. The Hg contents exceeded the local Hg background by up to 180 times, indicating the substantial anthropic contribution that occurred in the area. Mercury concentrations followed a gradient as a function of the distance from the chlor-alkali plant, with an apparent contribution from the estuary's hydrodynamic regime. The ecological risk was considered high in all the soils evaluated, while the daily average exposure for humans, considering multiple exposure routes to soil, is below the tolerable dose recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the risk to human health was unacceptable in the estuary section closest to the plant, mainly for children. Vapor inhalation was the main route for estimating non-carcinogenic risk. The results of this study indicate a severe scenario of Hg pollution with unacceptable risks to the ecosystem and the health of human beings, especially of the communities that live from fishery and shellfish colletion and are exposed daily to soils polluted by mercury. Studies on the organomercurial species in the food chain and Hg levels in individuals living close to the estuary are warranted. This research is an important reference in the world regarding the contamination of mangrove areas by Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Renata Muniz Araújo
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Miranda Biondi
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - William Ramos da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Franklone Lima da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Djennyfer Karolaine de Melo Ferreira
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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23
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Lu Z, Zhang L, Iwata R, Wang EN, Grossman JC. Transport-Based Modeling of Bubble Nucleation on Gas Evolving Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15112-15118. [PMID: 33259214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bubble nucleation is ubiquitous in gas evolving reactions that are instrumental for a variety of electrochemical systems. Fundamental understanding of the nucleation process, which is critical to system optimization, remains limited as prior works generally focused on the thermodynamics and have not considered the coupling between surface geometries and different forms of transport in the electrolytes. Here, we establish a comprehensive transport-based model framework to identify the underlying mechanism for bubble nucleation on gas evolving electrodes. We account for the complex effects on the electrical field, ion migration, ion diffusion, and gas diffusion arising from surface heterogeneities and gas pockets initiated from surface crevices. As a result, we show that neglecting these effects leads to significant underprediction of the energy needed for nucleation. Our model provides a non-monotonic relationship between the surface cavity size and the overpotential required for nucleation, which is physically more consistent than the monotonic relationship suggested by a traditional thermodynamics-based model. We also identify the significance of the gas diffuse layer thickness, a parameter controlled by external flow fields and overall electrode geometries, which has been largely overlooked in previous models. Our model framework offers guidelines for practical electrochemical systems whereby, without changing the surface chemistry, nucleation on electrodes can be tuned by engineering the cavity size and the gas diffuse layer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lenan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryuichi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Zhang K, Zhang G, Ji Q, Qu J, Liu H. Arrayed Cobalt Phosphide Electrocatalyst Achieves Low Energy Consumption and Persistent H 2 Liberation from Anodic Chemical Conversion. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:154. [PMID: 34138157 PMCID: PMC7770902 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of water to hydrogen (H2) offers a promising strategy for production of clean energy, but the design and optimization of electrochemical apparatus present challenges in terms of H2 recovery and energy consumption. Using cobalt phosphide nanoarrays (Co2P/CoP NAs) as a charge mediator, we effectively separated the H2 and O2 evolution of alkaline water electrolysis in time, thereby achieving a membrane-free pathway for H2 purification. The hierarchical array structure and synergistic optimization of the electronic configuration of metallic Co2P and metalloid CoP make the Co2P/CoP NAs high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for both charge storage and hydrogen evolution. Theoretical investigations revealed that the introduction of Co2P into CoP leads to a moderate hydrogen adsorption free energy and low water dissociation barrier, which are beneficial for boosting HER activity. Meanwhile, Co2P/CoP NAs with high capacitance could maintain a cathodic H2 evolution time of 1500 s at 10 mA cm-2 driven by a low average voltage of 1.38 V. Alternatively, the energy stored in the mediator could be exhausted via coupling with the anodic oxidation of ammonia, whereby only 0.21 V was required to hold the current for 1188 s. This membrane-free architecture demonstrates the potential for developing hydrogen purification technology at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Ji
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Zhao A, Zhong F, Feng X, Chen W, Ai X, Yang H, Cao Y. Efficient and Facile Electrochemical Process for the Production of High-Quality Lithium Hexafluorophosphate Electrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32771-32777. [PMID: 32584019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The global consumption for lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) has increased dramatically with the rapid growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale electric energy storage applications. Conventional LiPF6 production has a high cost and high energy consumption due to complicated separation and purification processes. Here, based on the electrode materials of LiMn2O4 and polyaniline (PANI), we propose a facile electrochemical extraction/release process for LiPF6 electrolyte production. This new technology consists of two independent steps: a PF6-- and Li+-extracting step using a PANI/LixMn2O4 cell in aqueous solution (an ion extraction step) and a LiPF6 electrolyte production step from the charged LiMn2O4/PANI+PF6- cell in an organic electrolyte (an ion release step). This new process can effectively avoid the contamination of HF residue in the final product, providing a great possibility to create a facile, energy-efficient, and low-cost LiPF6 electrolyte production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Along Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Faping Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xiangming Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinping Ai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hanxi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuliang Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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26
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Huang J, Hou M, Wang J, Teng X, Niu Y, Xu M, Chen Z. RuO2 nanoparticles decorate belt-like anatase TiO2 for highly efficient chlorine evolution. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Bhuiyan MSA, Roland JD, Liu B, Reaume M, Zhang Z, Kelley JD, Lee BP. In Situ Deactivation of Catechol-Containing Adhesive Using Electrochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4631-4638. [PMID: 32046478 PMCID: PMC7068691 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine mussels secret catechol-containing adhesive proteins that enable these organisms to bind to various surfaces underwater. Synthetic mimics of these proteins have been created to function as adhesives and coatings for a wide range of applications. Here, we demonstrated the use of in situ electrical field stimulation to deactivate the adhesive property of catechol-containing adhesive that is in direct contact with a surface. Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact mechanics test was performed using a titanium (Ti) sphere in the presence of a pH 7.5 aqueous buffer. The Ti sphere also served as a conductive electrode for applying electricity to the adhesive, while a platinum (Pt) wire served as the counter electrode. Work of adhesion (Wadh) decreased with increased levels of applied voltage and current, exposure time to the applied electricity, and salt concentration of the interfacial buffer. Application of 9 V for 1 min completely deactivated the adhesive. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and tracking of catechol oxidation byproduct, hydrogen peroxide, confirmed that catechol was oxidized as a result of applied electricity. Contact mechanics testing further confirmed that the Young's modulus of the adhesive increased by nearly 4 folds at the interface as a result of oxidative cross-linking, even though the modulus of the bulk of the adhesive was unaffected by applied electricity. The accumulation of hydroxyl ions near the cathode increased the local solution pH, which promoted oxidation-induced cross-linking of catechol and subsequently decreased its adhesive property. Tuning adhesive properties through in situ electrochemical oxidation provides on-demand control over the adhesive, which will potentially add another dimension in designing synthetic mimics of mussel adhesive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saleh Akram Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - James D. Roland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Max Reaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
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28
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Tamirat AG, Guan X, Liu J, Luo J, Xia Y. Redox mediators as charge agents for changing electrochemical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7454-7478. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive discussion toward understanding the effects of RMs in electrochemical systems, underlying redox mechanisms, and reaction kinetics both experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andebet Gedamu Tamirat
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Institute of New Energy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xuze Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Institute of New Energy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yongyao Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Institute of New Energy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- People's Republic of China
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29
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Heo SE, Lim HW, Cho DK, Park IJ, Kim H, Lee CW, Ahn SH, Kim JY. Anomalous potential dependence of conducting property in black titania nanotube arrays for electrocatalytic chlorine evolution. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Zhao A, Zhong F, Feng X, Chen W, Ai X, Yang H, Cao Y. A Membrane-Free and Energy-Efficient Three-Step Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis with Higher-Purity NaOH Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45126-45132. [PMID: 31702134 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chlor-alkali processes are energy-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. To deal with this problem, we developed a three-step electrolysis (TSE) for a cleaner, energy-saving, and lower-cost chlor-alkali process. This new chlor-alkali process consists of three independent steps: a NaOH-production step in a Na0.44MnO2/oxygen-depolarizing cathode cell (step I), a Na+ and CI- extraction step in a Ag/Na0.44-xMnO2 cell (step II), and a CI2-production step in a graphite/AgCl cell (step III). This technology avoids the use of expensive ion-exchange membrane and toxic electrode materials, providing a great prospect to create a cleaner, energy-saving, and lower-cost chlor-alkali electrolysis process. This electrochemical ion coupling/decoupling technology can also be extended to other salt solutions (Na2SO4/NaNO3) to produce corresponding alkali (NaOH) and acid (H2SO4/HNO3), which has potential significance in the chlor-alkali industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Along Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Faping Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials , Changsha , 410205 , China
| | - Xiangming Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Xinping Ai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Hanxi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Yuliang Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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Performance modelling of seawater electrolysis in an undivided cell: Effects of current density and seawater salinity. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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