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Ding X, Zhang Z, Kluka C, Asim S, Manuel J, Lee BP, Jiang J, Heiden PA, Heldt CL, Rizwan M. Pair of Functional Polyesters That Are Photo-Cross-Linkable and Electrospinnable to Engineer Elastomeric Scaffolds with Tunable Structure and Properties. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:863-878. [PMID: 38207114 PMCID: PMC10954299 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A pair of alkyne- and thiol-functionalized polyesters are designed to engineer elastomeric scaffolds with a wide range of tunable material properties (e.g., thermal, degradation, and mechanical properties) for different tissues, given their different host responses, mechanics, and regenerative capacities. The two prepolymers are quickly photo-cross-linkable through thiol-yne click chemistry to form robust elastomers with small permanent deformations. The elastic moduli can be easily tuned between 0.96 ± 0.18 and 7.5 ± 2.0 MPa, and in vitro degradation is mediated from hours up to days by adjusting the prepolymer weight ratios. These elastomers bear free hydroxyl and thiol groups with a water contact angle of less than 85.6 ± 3.58 degrees, indicating a hydrophilic nature. The elastomer is compatible with NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells with cell viability reaching 88 ± 8.7% relative to the TCPS control at 48 h incubation. Differing from prior soft elastomers, a mixture of the two prepolymers without a carrying polymer is electrospinnable and UV-cross-linkable to fabricate elastic fibrous scaffolds for soft tissues. The designed prepolymer pair can thus ease the fabrication of elastic fibrous conduits, leading to potential use as a resorbable synthetic graft. The elastomers could find use in other tissue engineering applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Ding
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 202E Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 609 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Christopher Kluka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 609 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Saad Asim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - James Manuel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Jingfeng Jiang
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 202E Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Patricia A. Heiden
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 609 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Caryn L. Heldt
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 202E Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 203 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
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Liu B, Zhang Z, Li B, Liu Q, Lee BP. Acrylate monomer polymerization triggered by iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and catechol containing microgels. Chem Eng J 2023; 468:143716. [PMID: 37334100 PMCID: PMC10275414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Phenol and its derivatives are the most used polymerization inhibitors for vinyl-based monomers. Here, we reported a novel catalytic system composed of mussel inspired adhesive moiety, catechol, in combination with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to generate hydroxyl radical (•OH) at pH 7.4. Catechol-containing microgel (DHM) was prepared by copolymerizing dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) and N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), which generated superoxide (•O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a result of catechol oxidation. In the presence of IONPs, the generated reactive oxygen species were further converted to •OH, which initiated free radical polymerization of various water-soluble acrylate-based monomers including neutral (acrylamide, methyl acrylamide, etc.), anionic (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt), cationic ([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride), and zwitterionic (2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide) monomers. Compared with the typical free radical initiating systems, the reported system does not require the addition of extra initiators for polymerization. During the process of polymerization, a bilayer hydrogel was formed in situ and exhibited the ability to bend during the process of swelling. The incorporation of IONPs significantly enhanced magnetic property of the hydrogel and the combination of DHM and IONPs also improved the mechanical properties of these hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bingqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Kwesiga MP, Gillette AA, Razaviamri F, Plank ME, Canull AL, Alesch Z, He W, Lee BP, Guillory RJ. Biodegradable magnesium materials regulate ROS-RNS balance in pro-inflammatory macrophage environment. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:261-273. [PMID: 36439083 PMCID: PMC9678810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS-RNS) secretion and the concomitant biocorrosion of degradable magnesium (Mg) materials is poorly understood. We found that Mg foils implanted short term in vivo (24 h) displayed large amounts of proinflammatory F4/80+/iNOS + macrophages at the interface. We sought to investigate the interplay between biodegrading Mg materials (98.6% Mg, AZ31 & AZ61) and macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (RAW 264.7LPS) to induce ROS-RNS secretion. To test how these proinflammatory ROS-RNS secreting cells interact with Mg corrosion in vitro, Mg and AZ61 discs were suspended approximately 2 mm above a monolayer of RAW 264.7 cells, either with or without LPS. The surfaces of both materials showed acute (24 h) changes when incubated in the proinflammatory RAW 264.7LPS environment. Mg discs incubated with RAW 264.7LPS macrophages showed greater corrosion pitting, while AZ61 showed morphological and elemental bulk product changes via scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed a reduction in the Ca/P ratio of the surface products for AZ61 disc incubated with RAW 264.7LPS, but not the Mg discs. Moreover, RAW 264.7LPS macrophages were found to be more viable in the acute biodegradative environment generated by Mg materials, as demonstrated by calcein-AM and cleaved (active) caspase-3 staining (CC3). LPS stimulation caused an increase in ROS-RNS, and a decrease in antioxidant peroxidase activity. Mg and AZ61 were found to change this ROS-RNS balance, independently of physiological antioxidant mechanisms. The findings highlight the complexity of the cellular driven acute inflammatory responses to different biodegradable Mg, and how it can potentially affect performance of these materials.
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Pinnaratip R, Zhang Z, Smies A, Forooshani PK, Tang X, Rajachar RM, Lee BP. Utilizing Robust Design to Optimize Composite Bioadhesive for Promoting Dermal Wound Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081905. [PMID: 37112052 PMCID: PMC10144490 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechol-modified bioadhesives generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during the process of curing. A robust design experiment was utilized to tune the H2O2 release profile and adhesive performance of a catechol-modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) containing silica particles (SiP). An L9 orthogonal array was used to determine the relative contributions of four factors (the PEG architecture, PEG concentration, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) concentration, and SiP concentration) at three factor levels to the performance of the composite adhesive. The PEG architecture and SiP wt% contributed the most to the variation in the results associated with the H2O2 release profile, as both factors affected the crosslinking of the adhesive matrix and SiP actively degraded the H2O2. The predicted values from this robust design experiment were used to select the adhesive formulations that released 40-80 µM of H2O2 and evaluate their ability to promote wound healing in a full-thickness murine dermal wound model. The treatment with the composite adhesive drastically increased the rate of the wound healing when compared to the untreated controls, while minimizing the epidermal hyperplasia. The release of H2O2 from the catechol and soluble silica from the SiP contributed to the recruitment of keratinocytes to the wound site and effectively promoted the wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattapol Pinnaratip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Ariana Smies
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Pegah Kord Forooshani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rupak M Rajachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Marine Ecology and Telemetry Research (MarEcoTel), Seabeck, WA 98380, USA
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Dunn CR, Lee BP, Rajachar RM. Thermomagnetic-Responsive Self-Folding Microgrippers for Improving Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques and Biopsies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165196. [PMID: 36014435 PMCID: PMC9412701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional open surgery complications are typically due to trauma caused by accessing the procedural site rather than the procedure itself. Minimally invasive surgery allows for fewer complications as microdevices operate through small incisions or natural orifices. However, current minimally invasive tools typically have restricted maneuverability, accessibility, and positional control of microdevices. Thermomagnetic-responsive microgrippers are microscopic multi-fingered devices that respond to temperature changes due to the presence of thermal-responsive polymers. Polymeric devices, made of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (pNIPAM-AAc) and polypropylene fumarate (PPF), self-fold due to swelling and contracting of the hydrogel layer. In comparison, soft metallic devices feature a pre-stressed metal bilayer and polymer hinges that soften with increased temperature. Both types of microdevices can self-actuate when exposed to the elevated temperature of a cancerous tumor region, allowing for direct targeting for biopsies. Microgrippers can also be doped to become magnetically responsive, allowing for direction without tethers and the retrieval of microdevices containing excised tissue. The smaller size of stimuli-responsive microgrippers allows for their movement through hard-to-reach areas within the body and the successful extraction of intact cells, RNA and DNA. This review discusses the mechanisms of thermal- and magnetic-responsive microdevices and recent advances in microgripper technology to improve minimally invasive surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh R. Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rupak M. Rajachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Marine Ecology and Telemetry Research (MarEcoTel), Seabeck, WA 98380, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes acidic microenvironment during infection. A biomaterial that exhibits tunable antimicrobial property in a pH dependent manner is potentially attractive. Herein, we presented a novel antibacterial hydrogel consisting of pH responsive and reversible catechol-boronate linkage formed between intrinsically bactericidal chlorinated catechol (catechol-Cl) and phenylboronic acid. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), oscillatory rheometry, and Johnson Kendall Roberts (JKR) contact mechanics testing confirmed the formation and dissociation of the complex in a pH dependent manner. When the hydrogel was treated with an acidic buffer (pH 3), the hydrogel exhibited excellent antimicrobial property against multiple strains of Gram-positive and negative bacteria including MRSA (up to 4 log10 reduction from 108 colony forming units/mL). At an acidic pH, catechol-Cl was unbound from the phenylboronic acid and available for killing bacteria. Conversely, when the hydrogel was treated with a basic buffer (pH 8.5), the hydrogel lost its antimicrobial property but also became non-cytotoxic. At a basic pH, the formation of catechol-boronate complex effectively reduce the exposure of the cytotoxic catechol-Cl to the surrounding. When further incubating the hydrogel in an acidic pH, the reversible complex dissociated to re-expose catechol-Cl and the hydrogel recovered its antibacterial property. Overall, the combination of catechol-Cl and phenylboronic acid provide a new strategy for designing hydrogels with pH responsive antibacterial activity and reduced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Jianghua Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - James D. Roland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Bhuiyan MSA, Liu B, Manuel J, Zhao B, Lee BP. Effect of Conductivity on In Situ Deactivation of Catechol-Boronate Complexation-Based Reversible Smart Adhesive. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4004-4015. [PMID: 34410693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the need for elevated electrical potential to deactivate catechol-based smart adhesive and preserve its reversibility, conductive 1-pyrenemethyl methacrylate (PyMA) was incorporated into a catechol and phenylboronic acid-containing adhesive coating immobilized on aluminum (Al) discs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated that incorporation of 26 mol % of PyMA reduced ionic resistance (Rs) and charge-transfer resistance (Rc) of the coating from over 22 Ω/mm2 to 5.9 and 1.2 Ω/mm2, respectively. A custom-built Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact mechanics test setup was used to evaluate the adhesive property of the coating with in situ applied electricity using a titanium (Ti) sphere both as a test substrate as well as the cathode for application of electricity and the Al disc as the anode. The adhesive coating demonstrated over 95% reduction in the adhesive property when electricity (1-2 V) was applied while the adhesive was in direct contact with the Ti surface. The addition of PyMA enables the deactivation of the adhesive using a voltage as low as 1 V. Both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra confirmed the formation of catechol-boronate complexation through electrochemical stimulation. Breaking the complex with an acidic buffer (pH 3) recovered the catechol for strong wet adhesion and the coating could be repeatedly deactivated and reactivated using low electrical potential for up to five cycles. Incorporation of both conductive PyMA and boronic acid as the temporary protecting group was required to achieve rapidly switchable adhesive that could be deactivated with low applied voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saleh Akram Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - James Manuel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Lee BP. Climbing robots in a sticky situation. Sci Robot 2021; 6:6/53/eabh2682. [PMID: 34043573 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abh2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mussel-inspired electro-responsive adhesive hydrogels enable robot climbing on conductive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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Pinnataip R, Lee BP. Oxidation Chemistry of Catechol Utilized in Designing Stimuli-Responsive Adhesives and Antipathogenic Biomaterials. ACS Omega 2021; 6:5113-5118. [PMID: 33681552 PMCID: PMC7931183 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) contain a large amount of the catecholic amino acid, DOPA, allowing the marine organism to anchor themselves onto various surfaces in a turbulent and wet environment. Modification of polymers with catechol imparts these materials with a strong, wet adhesive property. The oxidation chemistry and oxidation state of catechol are critical to the design of synthetic adhesives and biomaterials. In this Mini-Review, the effect of catechol oxidation state on adhesion, oxidation-mediated catechol cross-linking, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during catechol oxidation are reviewed. Finally, the tuning of catechol oxidation state in designing stimuli-responsive adhesives and the utilization of ROS byproducts for antimicrobial and antiviral applications are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattapol Pinnataip
- Advanced
Manufacturing and Management Technology Center (AMTech),
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Biomedical
Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Abstract
Catechol is a key constituent in mussel adhesive proteins and is responsible for strong adhesive property and crosslinking formation. Plant-based polyphenols are also capable of chemical interactions similar to those of catechol and are inherently antimicrobial. This review reports a series of catechol-based antimicrobial polymers classified according to their antimicrobial mechanisms. Catechol is utilized as a surface anchoring group for adhering monomers and polymers of known antimicrobial properties onto various types of surfaces. Additionally, catechol's ability to form strong complexes with metal ions and nanoparticles was utilized to sequester these antimicrobial agents into coatings and polymer matrices. During catechol oxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) is generated as a byproduct, and the use of the generated ROS for antimicrobial applications was also introduced. Finally, polymers that utilized the innate antimicrobial property of halogenated catechols and polyphenols were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (S.R.); (K.W.)
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (S.R.); (K.W.)
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Abstract
Bacterial infection associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria is increasingly becoming a significant public health risk. Herein, we synthesized a series of halogenated dopamine methacrylamide (DMA), which contains a catechol side chain modified with either chloro-, bromo-, or iodo-functional group. Catechol is a widely used adhesive moiety for designing bioadhesives and coating. However, the intrinsic antimicrobial property of catechol has not been demonstrated before. These halogenated DMA were incorporated into hydrogels, copolymers, and coatings and exhibited more than 99% killing efficiencies against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. More importantly, hydrogel containing chlorinated DMA demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities towards multiple MDR bacteria, which included methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), multi antibiotics resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAER), multi antibiotics resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) and carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). These hydrogels also demonstrated the ability to kill bacteria in a biofilm while exhibiting low cytotoxic. Based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, Cl-functionalized catechol can potentially inhibit bacterial fatty acid synthesis at the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) step. The combination of moisture-resistant adhesive property, inherent antimicrobial property, and the versatility of incorporating halogenated DMA into different polymeric materials greatly enhanced the potential for using these monomers for designing multifunctional bioadhesives and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - James D. Roland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Guo S, Forooshani PK, Dai Q, Lee BP, Si R, Wang J. Design of pH-responsive SAP polymer for pore solution chemistry regulation and crack sealing in cementitious materials. Compos B Eng 2020; 199:108262. [PMID: 33100886 PMCID: PMC7581303 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The crack development is considered to be one of the most severe threats to the durability of concrete infrastructure. This study aims to enhance the durability performance of cementitious material with the pH-responsive Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP). The SAP was synthesized with acrylic acid (AA)-methyl acrylate (MA) precursors, and three type samples with different crosslinking levels were prepared. The examination on the pH sensitivity indicated that the swelling capacity of the prepared SAP would first increase and then decrease with solution alkalinity, and the peak swelling potential was achieved around pH value of 12 for all the three type SAP with solution/gel mass ratio of 500. Further examination indicated the alkalinity of the buffer solution was reduced during the adsorption test, which can be caused by the hydrolysis of the amide groups and the crosslinker. Besides that, it was also found the solution/gel ratio and the Ca(OH)2 content could affect the swelling potential of the SAP. After that, the performance tests were conducted for the evaluation of concrete with SAP. A wax-coating protocol for the SAP was designed by using the hot-water method to prevent its swelling during mixing process. It was found that the strength reduction for samples with wax-coated SAP was insignificant compared to that of the control samples. Furthermore, durability tests supported the wax-shell could be broken by the crack propagation in concrete. And further experimental studies are needed to optimize the wax-size and shell thickness for enhanced self-sealing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaicheng Guo
- Associate Professor, Key Laboratory for Green & Advanced Civil Engineering Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China & International Science Innovation Collaboration Base for Green & Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Pegah Kord Forooshani
- Research Assistant, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
| | - Qingli Dai
- Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
| | - Ruizhe Si
- Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
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Forooshani PK, Pinnaratip R, Polega E, Tyo AG, Pearson E, Liu B, Folayan TO, Pan L, Rajachar RM, Heldt CL, Lee BP. Hydroxyl Radical Generation Through the Fenton-Like Reaction of Hematin- and Catechol-Functionalized Microgels. Chem Mater 2020; 32:8182-8194. [PMID: 34334946 PMCID: PMC8323869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is a potent reactive oxygen species with the ability to degrade hazardous organic compounds, kill bacteria, and inactivate viruses. However, an off-the-shelf, portable, and easily activated biomaterial for generating •OH does not exist. Here, microgels were functionalized with catechol, an adhesive moiety found in mussel adhesive proteins, and hematin (HEM), a hydroxylated Fe3+ ion-containing porphyrin derivative. When the microgel was hydrated in an aqueous solution with physiological pH, molecular oxygen in the solution oxidized catechol to generate H2O2, which was further converted to •OH by HEM. The generated •OH was able to degrade organic dyes, including orange II and malachite green. Additionally, the generated •OH was antimicrobial against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) bacteria with the initial concentration of 106-107 CFU/mL. These microgels also reduced the infectivity of a non-enveloped porcine parvovirus and an enveloped bovine viral diarrhea virus by 3.5 and 4.5 log reduction values, respectively (99.97-99.997% reduction in infectivity). These microgels were also functionalized with positively charged [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (METAC), which significantly enhanced the antibacterial and antiviral activities through electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged pathogens and the microgel. These microgels can potentially serve as a lightweight and portable source of disinfectant, for an on-demand generation of •OH with a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Kord Forooshani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rattapol Pinnaratip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Elizabeth Polega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Ariana G. Tyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Eric Pearson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Tinu-Ololade Folayan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rupak M. Rajachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Caryn L. Heldt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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14
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Kianersi S, Varjani AAA, Solouk A, Ai J, Lee BP. Mussel-inspired polydopamine-coated silk fibroin as a promising biomaterial. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2020. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is one of the natural biomaterials with promising and growing potential in different clinical applications such as corneal transplantation, donor site skin substitute and tympanic membrane. Some of the SFs that are extracted from mulberry silkworm do not have the arginyl–glycyl–aspartic acid (RGD) sequence for properly supporting cell adhesion and proliferation. Therefore, in the current study, polydopamine (PDA)-coated SFs were prepared to provide an RGD sequence, and the effect of PDA coating on different properties of SF was investigated. The results are also compared with those of an amniotic membrane (AM) that is a commercially available natural biomaterial for the mentioned applications. The Raman spectra showed characteristic peaks at 1581 and 1370 cm−1, which demonstrate the formation of the coating layer on the surface of the films. The results showed that coating led to no significant difference in surface hydrophilicity; a smoother surface; and improved cell attachment and distribution; and a little decrease in membrane transparency, but the membrane still being transparent enough to provide vivid vision through it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Kianersi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atefeh Solouk
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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15
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Pinnaratip R, Kord Forooshani P, Li M, Hang Hu Y, Rajachar RM, Lee BP. Controlling the Release of Hydrogen Peroxide from Catechol-Based Adhesive Using Silica Nanoparticle. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4502-4511. [PMID: 33102695 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-based bioadhesives generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a byproduct during the curing process. H2O2 can have both beneficial and deleterious effects on biological systems depending on its concentration. To control the amount of H2O2 released from catechol-containing polyethylene glycol-based adhesive (PEG-DA), adhesive was formulated with silica nanoparticles (SiNP) prepared with increased porosity and acid treatment to increase Si-OH surface content. These SiNP demonstrated increased surface area, which promoted interaction with catechol and resulted in increased cure rate, bulk mechanical properties and adhesive properties of PEG-DA. Most importantly, SiNP demonstrated a 50% reduction in the released H2O2 while improving the cell viability and proliferation of three primary cell types, including rat dermal fibroblasts, human epidermal keratinocytes, and human tenocytes. Additionally, SiNP degraded into soluble Si, which also contributed to increased cell proliferation. Incorporation of porous and acid-treated SiNP can be a useful approach to simultaneously modulate the concentration of H2O2 while increasing the adhesive performance of catechol-based adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meijia Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University
| | - Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University
| | - Rupak M Rajachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University
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16
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Abstract
Biomimetic hydrogels have emerged as the most useful tissue engineering scaffold materials. Their versatile chemistry can recapitulate multiple physical and chemical features to integrate cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules for tissue regeneration. Due to their highly hydrophilic nature hydrogels can recreate nutrient-rich aqueous environments for cells. Soluble regulatory molecules can be incorporated to guide cell proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, the controlled dynamic parameters and spatial distribution of chemical cues in hydrogel scaffolds are critical for cell-cell communication, cell-scaffold interaction, and morphogenesis. Herein, we review biomimetic hydrogels that provide cells with spatiotemporally controlled chemical cues as tissue engineering scaffolds. Specifically, hydrogels with temporally controlled growth factor-release abilities, spatially controlled conjugated bioactive molecules/motifs, and targeting delivery and reload properties for tissue engineering applications are discussed in detail. Examples of hydrogels that possess clinically favorable properties, such as injectability, self-healing ability, stimulus-responsiveness, and pro-remodeling features, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilue He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- FM Wound Care, LLC, Hancock, MI 49930, USA
| | - Max Reaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Maureen Hennenfent
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rupak Rajachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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17
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Zhang Z, He X, Zhou C, Raume M, Wu M, Liu B, Lee BP. Iron Magnetic Nanoparticle-Induced ROS Generation from Catechol-Containing Microgel for Environmental and Biomedical Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21210-21220. [PMID: 32069006 PMCID: PMC7228842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can degrade organic compounds and function as a broad-spectrum disinfectant. Here, dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) was used to prepare catechol-containing microgels, which can release ROS via metal-catechol interaction. A combination of the microgel and iron magnetic nanoparticle (FeMNP) significantly reduced the concentration of four organic dyes (Alizarin Red S, Rhodamine B, Crystal Violet, and Malachite Green) and an antibiotic drug, ciprofloxacin, dissolved in solution. Degradation of dye occurred across a wide range of pH levels (pH 3-9). This simple combination was also antimicrobial against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) results indicate that singlet oxygen was generated during the reaction between catechol and FeMNP at both pH 3 and 7.4, which was responsible for the degradation of organic compounds and bactericidal features of the microgel. Unlike autoxidation that only occurs at a neutral to basic pH, FeMNP-induced catechol oxidation generated singlet oxygen over a wide range of pH level. Additionally, catechol chelates heavy metal ions, resulting in their removal from solution and repurposed these metal ions for dye degradation. This multifunctional microgel can potentially be used for environmental applications for the removal of organic pollutants and heavy metal ions from wastewater, as well as reducing bacterial infection in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, 49931, USA
| | - Xin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Max Raume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, 49931, USA
| | - Ming Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, 49931, USA
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18
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Lee BP, Smith M, Buffenstein R, Harries LW. Negligible senescence in naked mole rats may be a consequence of well-maintained splicing regulation. GeroScience 2020; 42:633-651. [PMID: 31927681 PMCID: PMC7205774 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have amongst the longest lifespans relative to body size of any known, non-volant mammalian species. They also display an enhanced stress resistance phenotype, negligible senescence and very rarely are they burdened with chronic age-related diseases. Alternative splicing (AS) dysregulation is emerging as a potential driver of senescence and ageing. We hypothesised that the expression of splicing factors, important regulators of patterns of AS, may differ in NMRs when compared to other species with relatively shorter lifespans. We designed assays specific to NMR splicing regulatory factors and also to a panel of pre-selected brain-expressed genes known to demonstrate senescence-related alterations in AS in other species, and measured age-related changes in the transcript expression levels of these using embryonic and neonatal developmental stages through to extreme old age in NMR brain samples. We also compared splicing factor expression in both young mouse and NMR spleen and brain samples. Both NMR tissues showed approximately double the expression levels observed in tissues from similarly sized mice. Furthermore, contrary to observations in other species, following a brief period of labile expression in early life stages, adult NMR splicing factors and patterns of AS for functionally relevant brain genes remained remarkably stable for at least two decades. These findings are consistent with a model whereby the conservation of splicing regulation and stable patterns of AS may contribute to better molecular stress responses and the avoidance of senescence in NMRs, contributing to their exceptional lifespan and prolonged healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Lee
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - M Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, 1170 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - R Buffenstein
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, 1170 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - L W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Marine mussels secret catechol-containing adhesive proteins that enable these organisms to bind to various surfaces underwater. Synthetic mimics of these proteins have been created to function as adhesives and coatings for a wide range of applications. Here, we demonstrated the use of in situ electrical field stimulation to deactivate the adhesive property of catechol-containing adhesive that is in direct contact with a surface. Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact mechanics test was performed using a titanium (Ti) sphere in the presence of a pH 7.5 aqueous buffer. The Ti sphere also served as a conductive electrode for applying electricity to the adhesive, while a platinum (Pt) wire served as the counter electrode. Work of adhesion (Wadh) decreased with increased levels of applied voltage and current, exposure time to the applied electricity, and salt concentration of the interfacial buffer. Application of 9 V for 1 min completely deactivated the adhesive. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and tracking of catechol oxidation byproduct, hydrogen peroxide, confirmed that catechol was oxidized as a result of applied electricity. Contact mechanics testing further confirmed that the Young's modulus of the adhesive increased by nearly 4 folds at the interface as a result of oxidative cross-linking, even though the modulus of the bulk of the adhesive was unaffected by applied electricity. The accumulation of hydroxyl ions near the cathode increased the local solution pH, which promoted oxidation-induced cross-linking of catechol and subsequently decreased its adhesive property. Tuning adhesive properties through in situ electrochemical oxidation provides on-demand control over the adhesive, which will potentially add another dimension in designing synthetic mimics of mussel adhesive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saleh Akram Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - James D. Roland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Max Reaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI-49931, USA
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20
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Zhang Z, Pinnaratip R, Ong KG, Lee BP. Correlating the mass and mechanical property changes during the degradation of PEG-based adhesive. J Appl Polym Sci 2020; 137:10.1002/app.48451. [PMID: 32089564 PMCID: PMC7034855 DOI: 10.1002/app.48451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Change in mechanical property of a degrading adhesive is critical to its performance. However, characterization of degradation behavior is often limited to tracking its mass loss. 4-armed PEG end modified with dopamine (PEG-DA) was used as a model bioadhesive to correlate its change in mass with change in mechanical property. Shear modulus (G) was calculated based on the mass and average molecular weight between crosslinks( M ¯ c ) of PEG-DA, while the storage modulus (G') was determined by oscillatory rheometry. G decreased slowly within the first week of degradation (10% reduction by week 2), while G' decreased by 60% during the same period. This large discrepancy is due to the partially disconnected and elastically ineffective PEG polymer, which is trapped within the adhesive network. This resulted in minimal mass change and higher calculated G value during the earlier time points. Therefore, tracking mass loss profile alone is inadequate to completely describe the degradation behavior of an adhesive. Additionally, PEG-DA was coated onto magnetoelastic (ME) sensors, and the change in the resonance amplitude of the sensor corresponded well with dry mass loss of PEG-DA. ME sensing provide a non-destructive method to track the mass loss of the coated adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Zhang
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, 49931, USA
| | | | - Keat G Ong
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, 49931, USA
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21
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Zhang W, Wang R, Sun Z, Zhu X, Zhao Q, Zhang T, Cholewinski A, Yang FK, Zhao B, Pinnaratip R, Forooshani PK, Lee BP. Catechol-functionalized hydrogels: biomimetic design, adhesion mechanism, and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:433-464. [PMID: 31939475 PMCID: PMC7208057 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a unique class of polymeric materials that possess an interconnected porous network across various length scales from nano- to macroscopic dimensions and exhibit remarkable structure-derived properties, including high surface area, an accommodating matrix, inherent flexibility, controllable mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility. Strong and robust adhesion between hydrogels and substrates is highly desirable for their integration into and subsequent performance in biomedical devices and systems. However, the adhesive behavior of hydrogels is severely weakened by the large amount of water that interacts with the adhesive groups reducing the interfacial interactions. The challenges of developing tough hydrogel-solid interfaces and robust bonding in wet conditions are analogous to the adhesion problems solved by marine organisms. Inspired by mussel adhesion, a variety of catechol-functionalized adhesive hydrogels have been developed, opening a door for the design of multi-functional platforms. This review is structured to give a comprehensive overview of adhesive hydrogels starting with the fundamental challenges of underwater adhesion, followed by synthetic approaches and fabrication techniques, as well as characterization methods, and finally their practical applications in tissue repair and regeneration, antifouling and antimicrobial applications, drug delivery, and cell encapsulation and delivery. Insights on these topics will provide rational guidelines for using nature's blueprints to develop hydrogel materials with advanced functionalities and uncompromised adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Ruixing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - ZhengMing Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Xiangwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy-Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Aleksander Cholewinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Fut Kuo Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Boxin Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Rattapol Pinnaratip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA.
| | - Pegah Kord Forooshani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | | | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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23
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Liang J, Li J, Zhou C, Jia W, Song H, Zhang L, Zhao F, Lee BP, Liu B. In situ synthesis of biocompatible imidazolium salt hydrogels with antimicrobial activity. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:133-140. [PMID: 31539654 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria is becoming a significant public health risk. In this study, we synthesized a series of imidazolium salt (IMS)-containing polymers and hydrogels and tested their antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and PA01) bacteria. IMSs were either grafted as side chains or functionalized in the main chain of linear polymers, which demonstrated antimicrobial properties with minimum inhibitory concentrations as low as 2 μg/mL. Similarly, the optimized IMS-containing hydrogel effectively killed MRSA with a 96.1% killing efficiency and inhibited the growth of PA01. These hydrogels also demonstrated high performance in terms of mechanical property (compressive strength >2 MPa) and were noncytotoxic toward human dermal fibroblasts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A series of polyimidazolium hydrogels were fabricated with acrylamide monomer and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate by thermal-initiated polymerization. These hydrogels completely killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. More importantly, these hydrogels demonstrated adequate mechanical property and biocompatibility. These antimicrobial hydrogels have the potential as biomaterials for preventing infections associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Kord Forooshani P, Polega E, Thomson K, Bhuiyan MSA, Pinnaratip R, Trought M, Kendrick C, Gao Y, Perrine KA, Pan L, Lee BP. Antibacterial Properties of Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Coatings Prepared by a Simple Two-Step Shaking-Assisted Method. Front Chem 2019; 7:631. [PMID: 31608272 PMCID: PMC6773806 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple two-step, shaking-assisted polydopamine (PDA) coating technique was used to impart polypropylene (PP) mesh with antimicrobial properties. In this modified method, a relatively large concentration of dopamine (20 mg ml−1) was first used to create a stable PDA primer layer, while the second step utilized a significantly lower concentration of dopamine (2 mg ml−1) to promote the formation and deposition of large aggregates of PDA nanoparticles. Gentle shaking (70 rpm) was employed to increase the deposition of PDA nanoparticle aggregates and the formation of a thicker PDA coating with nano-scaled surface roughness (RMS = 110 nm and Ra = 82 nm). Cyclic voltammetry experiment confirmed that the PDA coating remained redox active, despite extensive oxidative cross-linking. When the PDA-coated mesh was hydrated in phosphate saline buffer (pH 7.4), it was activated to generate 200 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for over 48 h. The sustained release of low doses of H2O2 was antibacterial against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. PDA coating achieved 100% reduction (LRV ~3.15) when incubated against E. coli and 98.9% reduction (LRV ~1.97) against S. epi in 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Kord Forooshani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth Polega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Kevin Thomson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Md Saleh Akram Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Rattapol Pinnaratip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Mikhail Trought
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Chito Kendrick
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Yuesheng Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Kathryn A Perrine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
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25
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Tyo A, Welch S, Hennenfent M, Kord Fooroshani P, Lee BP, Rajachar R. Development and Characterization of an Antimicrobial Polydopamine Coating for Conservation of Humpback Whales. Front Chem 2019; 7:618. [PMID: 31620421 PMCID: PMC6759777 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration patterns of humpback whales have been monitored using 316L stainless steel (SS) satellite telemetry tags. The potential for tissue infection and necrosis is increased if the bacteria, naturally a part of the diverse microbiome on the skin of humpback whales, can adhere to and colonize the surface of the tags. Polydopamine (pDA) has the potential to prevent the adhesion of one of the most prevalent bacterial strains on the surface of the skin of cetaceans (Psychrobacter) through the release of hydrogen peroxide. The release of hydrogen peroxide from the pDA coatings (40-100 μM) has the ability to induce a bacteriostatic response in E. coli, a commonly used bacteria strain in antimicrobial studies and potentially P. cryohalolentis, a common humpback associated bacteria. The H2O2 dose required to induce bacteriostatic conditions in E. coli is approximately 60 μM and in P. cryohalolentis is 100 μM. Bacterial adhesion on the surface of pDA coated SS coupons was measured first using E. coli. The coating successfully prevented adhesion of E. coli on the surface of SS coupons under certain conditions (60% reduction, p < 0.05) but the same was not seen with P. cryohalolentis. When coating conditions were altered (an increase in pH and temperature) the adhesion of P. cryohalolentis was reduced (80% reduction, p < 0.001). Overall, the pDA coatings have the capacity to generate varying amounts of hydrogen peroxide by altering the coating conditions and have the ability to reduce bacterial adhesion on the surface of satellite telemetry tags, and therefore the potential to increase tag functional service lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Tyo
- Engineered Biomaterials Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Sonja Welch
- Engineered Biomaterials Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Maureen Hennenfent
- Engineered Biomaterials Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Pegah Kord Fooroshani
- Biomimetics Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Biomimetics Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Rupak Rajachar
- Engineered Biomaterials Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
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26
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Narkar AR, Kendrick C, Bellur K, Leftwich T, Zhang Z, Lee BP. Rapidly responsive smart adhesive-coated micropillars utilizing catechol-boronate complexation chemistry. Soft Matter 2019; 15:5474-5482. [PMID: 31237299 PMCID: PMC6776246 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00649d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Smart adhesive hydrogels containing 10 mol% each of dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) and 3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid (APBA) were polymerized in situ onto polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS) micropillars with different aspect ratios (AR = 0.4, 1 and 2). Using Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact mechanics tests, the adhesive-coated pillars demonstrated strong wet adhesion at pH 3 (Wadh = 420 mJ m-2) and can be repeatedly deactivated and reactivated by changing the pH value (pH 9 and 3, respectively). When compared to the bulk adhesive hydrogel of the same composition, the adhesive-coated pillars exhibited a significantly faster rate of transition (1 min) between strong and weak adhesion. This was attributed to an increased surface area to volume ratio of the adhesive hydrogel-coated pillars, which permitted rapid diffusion of ions into the adhesive matrix to form or break the catechol-boronate complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya R Narkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Chito Kendrick
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Kishan Bellur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Timothy Leftwich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Currently available biomedical adhesives are mainly engineered to have one function (i.e., providing mechanical support for the repaired tissue). To improve the performance of existing bioadhesives and broaden their applications in medicine, numerous multifunctional bioadhesives are reported in the literature. These adhesives can be categorized as passive or active by design. Passive multifunctional bioadhesives contain inherent compositions and structural designs that can carry out additional functions without added external influences. These adhesives exhibit new functionalities such as antimicrobial properties, self-healing abilities, the ability to promote cellular ingrowth, and the ability to be reshaped. Conversely, active multifunctional bioadhesives respond to environmental changes (e.g., pH, temperature, electricity, light, and biomolecule concentration), which initiate a change in the adhesive to release encapsulated drugs or to activate or deactivate the bioadhesive for interfacial binding. This review article highlights recent advances in multifunctional bioadhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattapol Pinnaratip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Md. Saleh Akram Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Kaylee Meyers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Rupak M. Rajachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
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Meng H, Forooshani PK, Joshi PU, Osborne J, Mi X, Meingast C, Pinnaratip R, Kelley J, Narkar A, He W, Frost MC, Heldt CL, Lee BP. Biomimetic recyclable microgels for on-demand generation of hydrogen peroxide and antipathogenic application. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:109-118. [PMID: 30541699 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microgels that can generate antipathogenic levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through simple rehydration in solutions with physiological pH are described herein. H2O2 is a widely used disinfectant but the oxidant is hazardous to store and transport. Catechol, an adhesive moiety found in mussel adhesive proteins, was incorporated into microgels, which generated 1-5 mM of H2O2 for up to four days as catechol autoxidized. The sustained release of low concentrations of H2O2 was antimicrobial against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and antiviral against both non-enveloped porcine parvovirus (PPV) and enveloped bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The amount of released H2O2 is several orders of magnitude lower than H2O2 concentration previously reported for antipathogenic activity. Most notably, these microgels reduced the infectivity of the more biocide resistant non-envelope virus by 3 log reduction value (99.9% reduction in infectivity). By controlling the oxidation state of catechol, microgels can be repeatedly activated and deactivated for H2O2 generation. These microgels do not contain a reservoir for storing the reactive H2O2 and can potentially function as a lightweight and portable dried powder source for the disinfectant for a wide range of applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Researchers have designed bioadhesives and coatings using the adhesive moiety catechol to mimic the strong adhesion capability of mussel adhesive proteins. During catechol autoxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is generated as a byproduct. Here, catechol was incorporated into microgels, which can generate millimolar levels of H2O2 by simply hydrating the microgels in a solution with physiological pH. The sustained release of H2O2 was both antimicrobial and antiviral, inactivating even the more biocide resistant non-enveloped virus. These microgels can be repeatedly activated and deactivated for H2O2 generation by incubating them in solutions with different pH. This simplicity and recyclability will enable this biomaterial to function as a lightweight and portable source for the disinfectant for a wide range of applications.
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Joseph CA, McCarthy CW, Tyo AG, Hubbard KR, Fisher HC, Altscheffel JA, He W, Pinnaratip R, Liu Y, Lee BP, Rajachar RM. Development of an Injectable Nitric Oxide Releasing Poly(ethylene) Glycol-Fibrin Adhesive Hydrogel. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:959-969. [PMID: 31650030 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrin microparticles were incorporated into poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG)-fibrinogen hydrogels to create an injectable, composite that could serve as a wound healing support and vehicle to deliver therapeutic factors for tissue engineering. Nitric oxide (NO), a therapeutic agent in wound healing, was loaded into fibrin microparticles by blending S-Nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) with a fibrinogen solution. The incorporation of microparticles affected swelling behavior and improved tissue adhesivity of composite hydrogels. Controlled NO release was induced via photolytic and thermal activation, and modulated by weight percent of particles incorporated. These NO-releasing composites were non-cytotoxic in culture. Cells maintained morphology, viability, and proliferative character. Fibrin microparticles loaded with SNAP and incorporated into a PEG-fibrinogen matrix, creates a novel injectable composite hydrogel that offers improved tissue adhesivity and inducible NO-release for use as a regenerative support for wound healing and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Joseph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Connor W McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Ariana G Tyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Kenneth R Hubbard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Hannah C Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Jacob A Altscheffel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Weilue He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Rattapol Pinnaratip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Rupak M Rajachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
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Narkar AR, Lee BP. Incorporation of Anionic Monomer to Tune the Reversible Catechol-Boronate Complex for pH-Responsive, Reversible Adhesion. Langmuir 2018; 34:9410-9417. [PMID: 30032614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Up to 30 mol % of acrylic acid (AAc) was incorporated into a pH-responsive smart adhesive consisting of dopamine methacrylamide and 3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and rheometry confirmed that the incorporation of AAc shifted the pH of catechol-boronate complexation to a more basic pH. Correspondingly, adhesive formulations with elevated AAc contents demonstrated strong adhesion to quartz substrate at a neutral to mildly basic pH (7.5-8.5) based on Johnson-Kendall-Roberts contact mechanics test. When pH was further increased to 9.0, there was a drastic reduction in the measured work of adhesion (18- and 7-fold reduction compared to values measured at pHs 7.5 and 8.5, respectively) due to the formation of catechol-boronate complex. The complex remained reversible, and the interfacial binding property of the adhesive was successfully tuned with changing pH in successive contact cycles. However, an acidic pH (3.0) was required to break the catechol-boronate complex to recover the elevated adhesive property. Adding AAc enables the smart adhesive to function in physiological or marine pH ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya R Narkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , Michigan 49931 , United States
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , Michigan 49931 , United States
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Liu Y, He W, Zhang Z, Lee BP. Recent Developments in Tough Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Gels 2018; 4:E46. [PMID: 30674822 PMCID: PMC6209285 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydrogel is a three-dimensional polymer network with high water content and has been attractive for many biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, classic hydrogels are mechanically weak and unsuitable for most physiological load-bearing situations. Thus, the development of tough hydrogels used in the biomedical field becomes critical. This work reviews various strategies to fabricate tough hydrogels with the introduction of non-covalent bonds and the construction of stretchable polymer networks and interpenetrated networks, such as the so-called double-network hydrogel. Additionally, the design of tough hydrogels for tissue adhesive, tissue engineering, and soft actuators is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Weilue He
- FM Wound Care LLC, Hancock, MI 49930, USA.
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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Pinnaratip R, Meng H, Rajachar RM, Lee BP. Effect of incorporating clustered silica nanoparticles on the performance and biocompatibility of catechol-containing PEG-based bioadhesive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:025003. [PMID: 29105648 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A composite adhesive capable of inducing cellular infiltration was prepared by incorporating control clustered silica microparticle (MP) derived from the aggregation of silica nanoparticle (NP) into a catechol-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) bioadhesive (PEG-DA). Incorporation of MP into PEG-DA significantly improved the mechanical and adhesive properties of the bioadhesive. There was no statistical difference between the measured values for NP- and MP-incorporated adhesives, indicating that MP was equally as effective in enhancing the material properties of PEG-DA as NP. Most importantly, MP was significantly less cytotoxic when compared to NP when these particles were directly exposed to L929 fibroblast. When the adhesives were implanted subcutaneously in rats, MP-containing PEG-DA also exhibited reduced inflammatory responses, attracted elevated levels of regenerative M2 macrophage to its interface, and promoted cellular infiltration due to increased porosity within the adhesive network. Control clustered silica MP can be used to improve the performance and biocompatibility of PEG-based adhesive while minimizing undesirable cytotoxicity of silica NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattapol Pinnaratip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America
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Narkar AR, Kelley JD, Pinnaratip R, Lee BP. Effect of Ionic Functional Groups on the Oxidation State and Interfacial Binding Property of Catechol-Based Adhesive. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:1416-1424. [PMID: 29125290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adhesive hydrogels were prepared by copolymerizing dopamine methacrylamide with either acrylic acid (AAc) or N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMH). The effect of incorporating the anionic and cationic side chains on the oxidation state of catechol was characterized using the FOX assay to track the production of hydrogen peroxide byproduct generated during the autoxidation of catechol, and the interfacial binding property of the adhesive was determined by performing Johnson-Kendall-Roberts contact mechanics tests tested over a wide range of pH values (pH 3.0-9.0). The ionic species contributed to interfacial binding to surfaces with the opposite charge with measured work of adhesion values that were comparable to or in some cases higher than those of catechol. Addition of AAc minimized the oxidation of catechol even at a pH of 8.5 and correspondingly preserved the elevated adhesive property of catechol to both quartz and amine-functionalized surfaces. However, AAc lost its buffering capacity at pH 9.0, and catechol was oxidized at this pH. On the other hand, catechol formed a cohesive covalent bond with the network-bound amine side chain of APMH at basic pH, which interfered with the interfacial binding capability of APMH and the catechol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya R Narkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , Michigan 49931 , United States
| | - Jonathan D Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , Michigan 49931 , United States
| | - Rattapol Pinnaratip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , Michigan 49931 , United States
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , Michigan 49931 , United States
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Liu Y, Meng H, Qian Z, Fan N, Choi W, Zhao F, Lee BP. A Moldable Nanocomposite Hydrogel Composed of a Mussel-Inspired Polymer and a Nanosilicate as a Fit-to-Shape Tissue Sealant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4224-4228. [PMID: 28296024 PMCID: PMC5497317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of bioadhesives to bind and conform to the complex contour of tissue surfaces remains a challenge. We have developed a novel moldable nanocomposite hydrogel by combining dopamine-modified poly(ethylene glycol) and the nanosilicate Laponite, without the use of cytotoxic oxidants. The hydrogel transitioned from a reversibly cross-linked network formed by dopamine-Laponite interfacial interactions to a covalently cross-linked network through the slow autoxidation and cross-linking of catechol moieties. Initially, the hydrogel could be remolded to different shapes, could recover from large strain deformation, and could be injected through a syringe to adhere to the convex contour of a tissue surface. With time, the hydrogel solidified to adopt the new shape and sealed defects on the tissue. This fit-to-shape sealant has potential in sealing tissues with non-flat geometries, such as a sutured anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Zichen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Ni Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Wonyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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Liu Y, Meng H, Qian Z, Fan N, Choi W, Zhao F, Lee BP. A Moldable Nanocomposite Hydrogel Composed of a Mussel-Inspired Polymer and a Nanosilicate as a Fit-to-Shape Tissue Sealant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Zichen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Ni Fan
- Department of Chemistry; Michigan Technological University; 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Wonyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton MI 49931 USA
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Meng H, Liu Y, Lee BP. Model polymer system for investigating the generation of hydrogen peroxide and its biological responses during the crosslinking of mussel adhesive moiety. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:144-156. [PMID: 27744069 PMCID: PMC5235946 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mussel adhesive moiety, catechol, has been utilized to design a wide variety of biomaterials. However, the biocompatibility and biological responses associated with the byproducts generated during the curing process of catechol has never been characterized. An in situ curable polymer model system, 4-armed polyethylene glycol polymer end-capped with dopamine (PEG-D4), was used to characterize the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during the oxidative crosslinking of catechol. Although PEG-D4 cured rapidly (under 30s), catechol continues to polymerize over several hours to form a more densely crosslinked network over time. PEG-D4 hydrogels were examined at two different time points; 5min and 16h after initiation of crosslinking. Catechol in the 5min-cured PEG-D4 retained the ability to continue to crosslink and generated an order of magnitude higher H2O2 (40μM) over 6h when compared to 16h-cured samples that ceased to crosslink. H2O2 generated during catechol crosslinking exhibited localized cytotoxicity in culture and upregulated the expression of an antioxidant enzyme, peroxiredoxin 2, in primary dermal and tendon fibroblasts. Subcutaneous implantation study indicated that H2O2 released during oxidative crosslinking of PEG-D4 hydrogel promoted superoxide generation, macrophage recruitment, and M2 macrophage polarization in tissues surrounding the implant. Given the multitude of biological responses associated with H2O2, it is important to monitor and tailor the production of H2O2 generated from catechol-containing biomaterials for a given application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Remarkable underwater adhesion strategy employed by mussels has been utilized to design a wide variety of biomaterials ranging from tissue adhesives to drug carrier and tissue engineering scaffolds. Catechol is the main adhesive moiety that is widely incorporated to create an injectable biomaterials and bioadhesives. However, the biocompatibility and biological responses associated with the byproducts generated during the curing process of catechol has never been characterized. In this manuscript, we design a model system to systemically characterize the release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during the crosslinking of catechol. Given the multitude of biological responses associated with H2O2 (i.e., wound healing, antimicrobial, chronic inflammation), its release from catechol-containing biomaterials need to be carefully monitored and controlled for a desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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Kord Forooshani P, Lee BP. Recent approaches in designing bioadhesive materials inspired by mussel adhesive protein. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 2017; 55:9-33. [PMID: 27917020 PMCID: PMC5132118 DOI: 10.1002/pola.28368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Marine mussels secret protein-based adhesives, which enable them to anchor to various surfaces in a saline, intertidal zone. Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) contain a large abundance of a unique, catecholic amino acid, Dopa, in their protein sequences. Catechol offers robust and durable adhesion to various substrate surfaces and contributes to the curing of the adhesive plaques. In this article, we review the unique features and the key functionalities of Mfps, catechol chemistry, and strategies for preparing catechol-functionalized polymers. Specifically, we reviewed recent findings on the contributions of various features of Mfps on interfacial binding, which include coacervate formation, surface drying properties, control of the oxidation state of catechol, among other features. We also summarized recent developments in designing advanced biomimetic materials including coacervate-forming adhesives, mechanically improved nano- and micro-composite adhesive hydrogels, as well as smart and self-healing materials. Finally, we review the applications of catechol-functionalized materials for the use as biomedical adhesives, therapeutic applications, and antifouling coatings. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 9-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Kord Forooshani
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMichigan49931
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMichigan49931
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Abstract
Altough double network (DN) hydrogels are extremly tough, they are irreversibly softened during large strain deformation. We incorporated mussel-inspired adhesive moiety, catechol, and a synthetic nano-silicate, Laponite, into DN to examine the effect of strong, reversible crosslinks on the DN's ability to recover its mechanical properties during successive loading cycles. The introduction of catechol and Laponite drastically increased the compressive strength and toughness of DN without compromising the compliance of the hydrogel. After 2 hours of recovery at room temperature, the nanocomposite DN hydrogel recovered over 95 and 82 % of its strain energy and hysteresis, respectively, during successive compressive loading to a strain of 0.5. Both equilibrium swelling and oscillatory rheometry data confirmed that there were minimal changes to the network crosslinking density and stiffness after large strain compressive deformation, indicating that mechanical loading did not result in irreversible structural damage. Strong catechol-Laponite interactions can be repeatedly broken and reform to dissipate fracture energy and enable the recovery of DN hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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Narkar A, Barker B, Clisch M, Jiang J, Lee BP. pH Responsive and Oxidation Resistant Wet Adhesive based on Reversible Catechol-Boronate Complexation. Chem Mater 2016; 28:5432-5439. [PMID: 27551163 PMCID: PMC4988242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A smart adhesive capable of binding to a wetted surface was prepared by copolymerizing dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) and 3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid (AAPBA). pH was used to control the oxidation state and the adhesive property of the catechol side chain of DMA and to trigger the catechol-boronate complexation. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the complex at pH 9, which was not present at pH 3. The formation of the catechol-boronate complex increased the cross-linking density of the adhesive network. Most notably, the loss modulus values of the adhesive were more than an order of magnitude higher for adhesive incubated at pH 9 when compared to those measured at pH 3. This drastic increase in the viscous dissipation property is attributed to the introduction of reversible complexation into the adhesive network. Based on the Johnson Kendall Roberts (JKR) contact mechanics test, adhesive containing both DMA and AAPBA demonstrated strong interfacial binding properties (work of adhesion (Wadh) = 2000 mJ/m2) to borosilicate glass wetted with an acidic solution (pH 3). When the pH was increased to 9, Wadh values (180 mJ/m2) decreased by more than an order of magnitude. During successive contact cycles, the adhesive demonstrated the capability to transition reversibly between its adhesive and nonadhesive states with changing pH. Adhesive containing only DMA responded slowly to repeated changes in pH and became progressively oxidized without the protection of boronic acid. Although adhesive containing only AAPBA also demonstrated strong wet adhesion (Wadh ∼ 500 mJ/m2), its adhesive properties were not pH responsive. Both DMA and AAPBA are required to fabricate a smart adhesive with tunable and reversible adhesive properties.
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Li Y, Meng H, Liu Y, Narkar A, Lee BP. Gelatin Microgel Incorporated Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Bioadhesive with Enhanced Adhesive Property and Bioactivity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:11980-9. [PMID: 27111631 PMCID: PMC4874333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Up to 7.5 wt % of chemically cross-linked gelatin microgel was incorporated into dopamine-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDM) adhesive to simultaneously improve the material property and bioactivity of the PEG-based bioadhesive. Incorporation of gelatin microgel reduced cure time while it increased the elastic modulus and cross-linking density of the adhesive network. Most notably, the loss modulus values for microgel-containing adhesive were an order of magnitude higher when compared to microgel-free control. This drastic increase in the viscous dissipation ability of the adhesive is attributed to the introduction of reversible physical bonds into the adhesive network with the incorporation of the gelatin microgel. Additionally, incorporation of the microgel increased the adhesive properties of PEGDM by 1.5- to 2-fold. From in vitro cell culture studies, the composite adhesive is noncytotoxic and the incorporation of microgels provided binding site for promoting fibroblast attachment and viability. The subcutaneous implantation study indicated that the microgel-containing PEGDM adhesive is biocompatible and the incorporated microgels provided pockets for rapid cellular infiltration. Gelatin microgel incorporation was demonstrated to be a facile method to simultaneously enhance the adhesive property and the bioactivity of PEG-based adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
| | - Hao Meng
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
| | - Ameya Narkar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
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Lin MH, Anderson J, Pinnaratip R, Meng H, Konst S, DeRouin AJ, Rajachar R, Ong KG, Lee BP. Monitoring the Long-Term Degradation Behavior of Biomimetic Bioadhesive Using Wireless Magnetoelastic Sensor. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 62:1838-42. [PMID: 26087077 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2405251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The degradation behavior of a tissue adhesive is critical to its ability to repair a wound while minimizing prolonged inflammatory response. Traditional degradation tests can be expensive to perform, as they require large numbers of samples. The potential for using magnetoelastic resonant sensors to track bioadhesive degradation behavior was investigated. Specifically, biomimetic poly (ethylene glycol)- (PEG-) based adhesive was coated onto magnetoelastic (ME) sensor strips. Adhesive-coated samples were submerged in solutions buffered at multiple pH levels (5.7, 7.4 and 10.0) at body temperature (37 °C) and the degradation behavior of the adhesive was tracked wirelessly by monitoring the changes in the resonant amplitude of the sensors for over 80 days. Adhesive incubated at pH 7.4 degraded over 75 days, which matched previously published data for bulk degradation behavior of the adhesive while utilizing significantly less material (∼10(3) times lower). Adhesive incubated at pH 10.0 degraded within 25 days while samples incubated at pH 5.7 did not completely degrade even after 80 days of incubation. As expected, the rate of degradation increased with increasing pH as the rate of ester bond hydrolysis is higher under basic conditions. As a result of requiring a significantly lower amount of samples compared to traditional methods, the ME sensing technology is highly attractive for fully characterizing the degradation behavior of tissue adhesives in a wide range of physiological conditions.
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42
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Wang S, Jeon O, Shankles PG, Liu Y, Alsberg E, Retterer ST, Lee BP, Choi CK. In-situ photopolymerization of monodisperse and discoid oxidized methacrylated alginate microgels in a microfluidic channel. Biomicrofluidics 2016; 10:011101. [PMID: 26865901 PMCID: PMC4744231 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple microfluidic technique to in-situ photopolymerize (by 365 nm ultraviolet) monodisperse oxidized methacrylated alginate (OMA) microgels using a photoinitiator (VA-086). By this technique, we generated monodisperse spherical OMA beads and discoid non-spherical beads with better shape consistency than ionic crosslinking methods do. We found that a high monomer concentration (8 w/v %), a high photoinitiator concentration (1.5 w/v %), and absence of oxygen are critical factors to cure OMA microgels. This photopolymerizing method is an alternative to current methods to form alginate microgels and is a simpler approach to generate non-spherical alginate microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Chang Kyoung Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
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43
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Xiang X, Long F, Narkar A, Kinnunen RE, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Lee BP, Heiden PA. Is there value in chemical modification of fish scale surfaces? J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiang
- Department of Chemistry; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
| | - Ameya Narkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
| | | | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
| | - Patricia A. Heiden
- Department of Chemistry; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
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44
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Ding X, Vegesna GK, Meng H, Lee BP. Nitro-Group Functionalization of Dopamine and its Contribution to the Viscoelastic Properties of Catechol-Containing Nanocomposite Hydrogels. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015; 216:1109-1119. [PMID: 26929588 PMCID: PMC4768752 DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Linear polyacrylamide (PAAm) is modified with dopamine or nitrodopamine (PAAm-D and PAAm-ND, respectively) to evaluate the effect of nitro-group modification on the interfacial binding properties of polymer-bound catechol. Nanocomposite hydrogels are prepared by mixing PAAm-based polymers with Laponite and the viscoelastic properties of these materials are determined using oscillatory rheometry. The incorporation of a small amount of catechol (≈0.1 wt% in swollen hydrogel) drastically increases the shear moduli by 1-2 orders of magnitude over those of the catechol-free control. Additionally, PAAm-ND exhibits higher shear moduli values than PAAm-D across the whole pH range tested (pH 3.0-9.0). Based on the calculated effective crosslinking density, effective functionality, and molecular weight between crosslinks, nitro-group functionalization of dopamine results in a polymer network with increased crosslinking density and crosslinking points with higher functionality. Nitro-functionalization enhances the interfacial binding property of dopamine and increases its resistant to oxidation, which results in nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced stiffness and a viscous dissipation property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Giri K. Vegesna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Meng H, Li Y, Faust M, Konst S, Lee BP. Hydrogen peroxide generation and biocompatibility of hydrogel-bound mussel adhesive moiety. Acta Biomater 2015; 17:160-9. [PMID: 25676582 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To decouple the extracellular oxidative toxicity of catechol adhesive moiety from its intracellular non-oxidative toxicity, dopamine was chemically bound to a non-degradable polyacrylamide hydrogel through photo-initiated polymerization of dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) with acrylamide monomers. Network-bound dopamine released cytotoxic levels of H2O2 when its catechol side chain oxidized to quinone. Introduction of catalase at a concentration as low as 7.5 U/mL counteracted the cytotoxic effect of H2O2 and enhanced the viability and proliferation rate of fibroblasts. These results indicated that H2O2 generation is one of the main contributors to the cytotoxicity of dopamine in culture. Additionally, catalase is a potentially useful supplement to suppress the elevated oxidative stress found in typical culture conditions and can more accurately evaluate the biocompatibility of mussel-mimetic biomaterials. The release of H2O2 also induced a higher foreign body reaction to catechol-modified hydrogel when it was implanted subcutaneously in rat. Given that H2O2 has a multitude of biological effects, both beneficiary and deleterious, regulation of H2O2 production from catechol-containing biomaterials is necessary to optimize the performance of these materials for a desired application.
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Li Y, Meng H, Liu Y, Lee BP. Fibrin gel as an injectable biodegradable scaffold and cell carrier for tissue engineering. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:685690. [PMID: 25853146 PMCID: PMC4380102 DOI: 10.1155/2015/685690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing needs for organ transplantation and a universal shortage of donated tissues, tissue engineering emerges as a useful approach to engineer functional tissues. Although different synthetic materials have been used to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds, they have many limitations such as the biocompatibility concerns, the inability to support cell attachment, and undesirable degradation rate. Fibrin gel, a biopolymeric material, provides numerous advantages over synthetic materials in functioning as a tissue engineering scaffold and a cell carrier. Fibrin gel exhibits excellent biocompatibility, promotes cell attachment, and can degrade in a controllable manner. Additionally, fibrin gel mimics the natural blood-clotting process and self-assembles into a polymer network. The ability for fibrin to cure in situ has been exploited to develop injectable scaffolds for the repair of damaged cardiac and cartilage tissues. Additionally, fibrin gel has been utilized as a cell carrier to protect cells from the forces during the application and cell delivery processes while enhancing the cell viability and tissue regeneration. Here, we review the recent advancement in developing fibrin-based biomaterials for the development of injectable tissue engineering scaffold and cell carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Anderson J, Lin MH, Privette C, Flowers M, Murley M, Lee BP, Ong KG. Wireless magnetoelastic sensors for tracking degradation profiles of nitrodopamine-modified poly(ethylene glycol). Scijet 2015; 4:200638556. [PMID: 25710000 PMCID: PMC4335653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A critical property for tissue adhesives is a controllable degradation rate so that these adhesives do not act as barriers to wound healing. Typical degradation tests require large amount of samples, which can be tedious and expensive to perform. Additionally, current degradation tests are carried out in vitro under simulated physiological conditions and may not accurately reflect the complex environment that an adhesive would experience in vivo. As a means to develop a simple technique for testing tissue adhesive, a rapidly degrading adhesive hydrogel that mimics mussel adhesive proteins was coated onto magnetoelastic (ME) sensor strips to track the degradation of the adhesive remotely and in real time. Adhesive-coated ME sensors were submerged in phosphate buffer saline solution (pH 7.4) at body temperature (37 °C). Based on the change in the resonant amplitude, the degradation time was determined to be 22 min, which was in agreement with qualitative monitoring of the bulk adhesive hydrogel. Additionally, when the adhesive-coated ME sensor was incubated in a slightly acidic medium (pH 5.7), the degradation rate was drastically lengthened (3 hrs) as the hydrolysis of ester bonds is faster under basic conditions. Oscillatory rheological testing confirmed the formation and degradation of the adhesive. However, rheological test results did not accurately reflect the degradation rate of the adhesive hydrogel, potentially due to a slow exchange of acidic degradation products with the surrounding medium. ME sensor was demonstrated as a potential useful tool for evaluating the degradation rate of bioadhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caitlyn Privette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Marissa Flowers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Meridith Murley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Keat Ghee Ong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Abstract
![]()
Dopamine
mimics the exceptional moisture-resistant adhesive properties
of the amino acid, DOPA, found in adhesive proteins secreted by marine
mussels. The catechol side chain of dopamine was functionalized with
a nitro-group, and the effect of the electron withdrawing group modification
on the cross-linking chemistry and bioadhesive properties of the adhesive
moiety was evaluated. Both nitrodopamine and dopamine were covalently
attached as a terminal group onto an inert, 4-armed poly(ethylene
glygol) (PEG-ND and PEG-D, respectively). PEG-ND and PEG-D exhibited
different dependence on the concentration of NaIO4 and
pH, which affected the curing rate, mechanical properties, and adhesive
performance of these biomimetic adhesives differently. PEG-ND cured
instantly and its bioadhesive properties were minimally affected by
the change in pH (5.7–8) within the physiological range. Under
mildly acidic conditions (pH 5.7 and 6.7), PEG-ND outperformed PEG-D
in lap shear adhesion testing using wetted pericardium tissues. However,
nitrodopamine only formed dimers, which resulted in the formation
of loosely cross-linked network and adhesive with reduced cohesive
properties. UV–vis spectroscopy further confirmed nitrodopamine’s
ability for rapid dimer formation. The ability for nitrodopamine to
rapidly cure and adhere to biological substrates in an acidic pH make
it suitable for designing adhesive biomaterials targeted at tissues
that are more acidic (i.e., subcutaneous, dysoxic, or tumor tissues).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Cencer
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Meridith Murley
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Liu Y, Meng H, Konst S, Sarmiento R, Rajachar R, Lee BP. Injectable dopamine-modified poly(ethylene glycol) nanocomposite hydrogel with enhanced adhesive property and bioactivity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:16982-92. [PMID: 25222290 PMCID: PMC4189622 DOI: 10.1021/am504566v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic mimic of mussel adhesive protein, dopamine-modified four-armed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-D4), was combined with a synthetic nanosilicate, Laponite (Na(0.7+)(Mg5.5Li0.3Si8)O20(OH)4)(0.7-)), to form an injectable naoncomposite tissue adhesive hydrogel. Incorporation of up to 2 wt % Laponite significantly reduced the cure time while enhancing the bulk mechanical and adhesive properties of the adhesive due to strong interfacial binding between dopamine and Laponite. The addition of Laponite did not alter the degradation rate and cytocompatibility of PEG-D4 adhesive. On the basis of subcutaneous implantation in rat, PEG-D4 nanocomposite hydrogels elicited minimal inflammatory response and exhibited an enhanced level of cellular infiltration as compared to Laponite-free samples. The addition of Laponite is potentially a simple and effective method for promoting bioactivity in a bioinert, synthetic PEG-based adhesive while simultaneously enhancing its mechanical and adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Hao Meng
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Shari Konst
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Ryan Sarmiento
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Rupak Rajachar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: (906) 487-3262
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50
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Cencer M, Liu Y, Winter A, Murley M, Meng H, Lee BP. Effect of pH on the rate of curing and bioadhesive properties of dopamine functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2861-9. [PMID: 25010812 PMCID: PMC4130238 DOI: 10.1021/bm500701u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable underwater adhesion strategy employed by mussels has inspired bioadhesives that have demonstrated promise in connective tissue repair, wound closure, and local delivery of therapeutic cells and drugs. While the pH of oxygenated blood and internal tissues is typically around 7.4, skin and tumor tissues are significantly more acidic. Additionally, blood loss during surgery and ischemia can lead to dysoxia, which lowers pH levels of internal tissues and organs. Using 4-armed PEG end-capped with dopamine (PEG-D) as a model adhesive polymer, the effect of pH on the rate of intermolecular cross-linking and adhesion to biological substrates of catechol-containing adhesives was determined. Adhesive formulated at an acidic pH (pH 5.7-6.7) demonstrated reduced curing rate, mechanical properties, and adhesive performance to pericardium tissues. Although a faster curing rate was observed at pH 8, these adhesives also demonstrated reduced mechanical and bioadhesive properties when compared to adhesives buffered at pH 7.4. Adhesives formulated at pH 7.4 demonstrated a good balance of fast curing rate, elevated mechanical properties and interfacial binding ability. UV-vis spectroscopy evaluation revealed that the stability of the transient oxidation intermediate of dopamine was increased under acidic conditions, which likely reduced the rate of intermolecular cross-linking and bulk cohesive properties for hydrogels formulated at these pH levels. At pH 8, competing cross-linking reaction mechanisms and reduced concentration of dopamine catechol due to auto-oxidation likely reduced the degree of dopamine polymerization and adhesive strength for these hydrogels. pH plays an important role in the adhesive performance of mussel-inspired bioadhesives and the pH of the adhesive formulation needs to be adjusted for the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Cencer
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Audra Winter
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Meridith Murley
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Hao Meng
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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