1
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Boyer A, Loriot V, Nandi S, Lépine F. Probing Photoionization Dynamics in Acetylene with Angle-Resolved Attosecond Interferometry. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:840-847. [PMID: 38277696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Photoionization of acetylene by extreme ultraviolet light results in a stand-alone contribution from the outermost valence orbital, followed by well-separated photoelectron bands from deeper molecular orbitals. This makes acetylene an ideal candidate for probing the photoionization dynamics in polyatomic molecules free from the spectral congestion often arising after interaction with an attosecond pulse train. Here, using an angle-resolved attosecond interferometric technique, we extract the photoionization time delays for the outermost valence orbital in acetylene relative to an atomic target, namely argon. Compared to argon, the photoemission from the acetylene molecule is found to be advanced by almost 28 attoseconds. The strong variation of the relative photoionization time delays as a function of the photoemission angle was interpreted using an analytical model based on semiclassical approximations to be the interplay between different short-range potentials along and perpendicular to the molecular axis. Our results highlight the importance of using attosecond time-resolved measurements to probe the nonspherical nature of the molecular potential, even in the case of relatively small, linear systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexie Boyer
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Vincent Loriot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Franck Lépine
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
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2
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Jiang W, Armstrong GSJ, Han L, Xu Y, Zuo Z, Tong J, Lu P, Dahlström JM, Ueda K, Brown AC, van der Hart HW, Gong X, Wu J. Resolving Quantum Interference Black Box through Attosecond Photoionization Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:203201. [PMID: 38039486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton light-matter interactions invoke a so-called "black box" in which the experimental observations contain the quantum interference between multiple pathways. Here, we employ polarization-controlled attosecond photoelectron metrology with a partial wave manipulator to deduce the pathway interference within this quantum 'black box" for the two-photon ionization of neon atoms. The angle-dependent and attosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectra are measured across a broad energy range. Two-photon phase shifts for each partial wave are reconstructed through the comprehensive analysis of these photoelectron spectra. We resolve the quantum interference between the degenerate p→d→p and p→s→p two-photon ionization pathways, in agreement with our theoretical simulations. Our approach thus provides an attosecond time-resolved microscope to look inside the "black box" of pathway interference in ultrafast dynamics of atoms, molecules, and condensed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Gregory S J Armstrong
- Centre for Light-Matter Interaction, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Lulu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yidan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zitan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jihong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | | | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Andrew C Brown
- Centre for Light-Matter Interaction, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo W van der Hart
- Centre for Light-Matter Interaction, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401121, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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3
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Borràs VJ, González-Vázquez J, Argenti L, Martín F. Attosecond photoionization delays in the vicinity of molecular Feshbach resonances. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade3855. [PMID: 37043566 PMCID: PMC10096576 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Temporal delays extracted from photoionization phases are currently determined with attosecond resolution by using interferometric methods. Such methods require special care when photoionization occurs near Feshbach resonances due to the interference between direct ionization and autoionization. Although theory can accurately handle these interferences in atoms, in molecules, it has to face an additional, so far insurmountable problem: Autoionization is slow, and nuclei move substantially while it happens, i.e., electronic and nuclear motions are coupled. Here, we present a theoretical framework to account for this effect and apply it to evaluate time-resolved and vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra and photoionization phases of N2 irradiated by a combination of an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse train and an infrared pulse. We show that Feshbach resonances lead to unusual non-Franck-Condon vibrational progressions and to ionization phases that strongly vary with photoelectron energy irrespective of the vibrational state of the remaining molecular cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent J. Borràs
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Argenti
- Department of Physics and CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32186, USA
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nano), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Peschel J, Busto D, Plach M, Bertolino M, Hoflund M, Maclot S, Vinbladh J, Wikmark H, Zapata F, Lindroth E, Gisselbrecht M, Dahlström JM, L'Huillier A, Eng-Johnsson P. Attosecond dynamics of multi-channel single photon ionization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5205. [PMID: 36057622 PMCID: PMC9440915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoionization of atoms and molecules is one of the fastest processes in nature. The understanding of the ultrafast temporal dynamics of this process often requires the characterization of the different angular momentum channels over a broad energy range. Using a two-photon interferometry technique based on extreme ultraviolet and infrared ultrashort pulses, we measure the phase and amplitude of the individual angular momentum channels as a function of kinetic energy in the outer-shell photoionization of neon. This allows us to unravel the influence of channel interference as well as the effect of the short-range, Coulomb and centrifugal potentials, on the dynamics of the photoionization process. Understanding of photoionization dynamics, one of the fastest processes in nature, requires the characterization of all underlying ionization channels. Here the authors use an interferometry technique based on attosecond pulses to measure the phase and amplitude of the individual angular momentum channels in the photoionization of neon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Peschel
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Busto
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marius Plach
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Bertolino
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Hoflund
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Maclot
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Vinbladh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hampus Wikmark
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindroth
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anne L'Huillier
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Eng-Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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5
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An Investigation of the Resonant and Non-Resonant Angular Time Delay of e-C60 Elastic Scattering. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Time delay in electron scattering depends on both the scattering angle θ and scattered electron energy E. A study on the angular time delay of e-C60 elastic scattering was carried out in the present work. We employed the annular square well (ASW) potential to simulate the C60 environment. The contribution from different partial waves to the total angular time delay profile was examined in detail. The investigation was performed for both resonant and non-resonant energies, and salient characteristics in the time delay profile for each case were studied.
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6
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Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M, Nisoli M. Attosecond spectroscopy for the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in atomic, molecular and solid-state physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:066401. [PMID: 35294930 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5e7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the first demonstration of the generation of attosecond pulses (1 as = 10-18s) in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral region, several measurement techniques have been introduced, at the beginning for the temporal characterization of the pulses, and immediately after for the investigation of electronic and nuclear ultrafast dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids with unprecedented temporal resolution. The attosecond spectroscopic tools established in the last two decades, together with the development of sophisticated theoretical methods for the interpretation of the experimental outcomes, allowed to unravel and investigate physical processes never observed before, such as the delay in photoemission from atoms and solids, the motion of electrons in molecules after prompt ionization which precede any notable nuclear motion, the temporal evolution of the tunneling process in dielectrics, and many others. This review focused on applications of attosecond techniques to the investigation of ultrafast processes in atoms, molecules and solids. Thanks to the introduction and ongoing developments of new spectroscopic techniques, the attosecond science is rapidly moving towards the investigation, understanding and control of coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in increasingly complex systems, with ever more accurate and complete investigation techniques. Here we will review the most common techniques presenting the latest results in atoms, molecules and solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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7
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Autuori A, Platzer D, Lejman M, Gallician G, Maëder L, Covolo A, Bosse L, Dalui M, Bresteau D, Hergott JF, Tcherbakoff O, Marroux HJB, Loriot V, Lépine F, Poisson L, Taïeb R, Caillat J, Salières P. Anisotropic dynamics of two-photon ionization: An attosecond movie of photoemission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl7594. [PMID: 35319974 PMCID: PMC8942362 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Imaging in real time the complete dynamics of a process as fundamental as photoemission has long been out of reach because of the difficulty of combining attosecond temporal resolution with fine spectral and angular resolutions. Here, we achieve full decoding of the intricate angle-dependent dynamics of a photoemission process in helium, spectrally and anisotropically structured by two-photon transitions through intermediate bound states. Using spectrally and angularly resolved attosecond electron interferometry, we characterize the complex-valued transition probability amplitude toward the photoelectron quantum state. This allows reconstructing in space, time, and energy the complete formation of the photoionized wave packet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Autuori
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dominique Platzer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mariusz Lejman
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Lucie Maëder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Covolo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lea Bosse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Malay Dalui
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Bresteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Loriot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Lépine
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lionel Poisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay,91405 Orsay, France
| | - Richard Taïeb
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Caillat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Salières
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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8
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Influence of shape resonances on the angular dependence of molecular photoionization delays. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7343. [PMID: 34930902 PMCID: PMC8688504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing time delays in molecular photoionization as a function of the ejected electron emission direction relative to the orientation of the molecule and the light polarization axis provides unprecedented insights into the attosecond dynamics induced by extreme ultraviolet or X-ray one-photon absorption, including the role of electronic correlation and continuum resonant states. Here, we report completely resolved experimental and computational angular dependence of single-photon ionization delays in NO molecules across a shape resonance, relying on synchrotron radiation and time-independent ab initio calculations. The angle-dependent time delay variations of few hundreds of attoseconds, resulting from the interference of the resonant and non-resonant contributions to the dynamics of the ejected electron, are well described using a multichannel Fano model where the time delay of the resonant component is angle-independent. Comparing these results with the same resonance computed in e-NO+ scattering highlights the connection of photoionization delays with Wigner scattering time delays.
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9
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Time Delay in Electron Collision with a Spherical Target as a Function of the Scattering Angle. ATOMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms9040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the angular time delay in slow-electron elastic scattering by spherical targets as well as the average time delay of electrons in this process. It is demonstrated how the angular time delay is connected to the Eisenbud–Wigner–Smith (EWS) time delay. The specific features of both angular and energy dependencies of these time delays are discussed in detail. The potentialities of the derived general formulas are illustrated by the numerical calculations of the time delays of slow electrons in the potential fields of both absolutely hard-sphere and delta-shell potential well of the same radius. The conducted studies shed more light on the specific features of these time delays.
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10
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Ghomashi B, Douguet N, Argenti L. Attosecond Intramolecular Scattering and Vibronic Delays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:203201. [PMID: 34860043 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the temporal and vibrational signature of the universal nuclear recoil associated with the electron emission and intramolecular scattering that accompanies the photoelectric effect. We illustrate these phenomena in the photoionization of the CO molecule from the C-1s orbital using an analytical model that reproduces the entangled character of the nuclear and electronic motion in this process. We show that the photoelectron emission delay can be decomposed into its localization and resonant-confinement components. Photoionization by a broadband x-ray pulse results in a coherent vibrational ionic state delayed compared to the classical sudden-photoemission limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bejan Ghomashi
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Nicolas Douguet
- Department of Physics, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, Georgia 30060, USA
| | - Luca Argenti
- Department of Physics & CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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11
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Borràs VJ, González-Vázquez J, Argenti L, Martín F. Molecular-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions of CO in the Vicinity of Feshbach Resonances: An XCHEM Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6330-6339. [PMID: 34528784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The advent of ultrashort XUV pulses is pushing for the development of accurate theoretical calculations to describe ionization of molecules in regions where electron correlation plays a significant role. Here, we present an extension of the XCHEM methodology to evaluate laboratory- and molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions in the region where Feshbach resonances are expected to appear. The performance of the method is demonstrated in the CO molecule, for which information on Feshbach resonances is very scarce. We show that photoelectron angular distributions are dramatically affected by the presence of resonances, to the point that they can completely reverse the preferred electron emission direction observed in direct nonresonant photoionization. This is the consequence of significant changes in the electronic structure of the molecule when resonances decay, an effect that is mostly driven by electron correlation in the ionization continuum. The present methodology can thus be helpful for the interpretation of angularly resolved photoionization time delays in this and more complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent J Borràs
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Módulo 13, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luca Argenti
- Department of Physics and CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32186, United States
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Módulo 13, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Ji JB, Heck S, Han M, Wörner HJ. Quantitative uncertainty determination of phase retrieval in RABBITT. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:27732-27749. [PMID: 34615183 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) is one of the most widely used approaches to measure the time delays in photoionization. The time delay, which corresponds to a phase difference of two oscillating signals, is usually retrieved by cosine fitting or fast Fourier transform (FFT). We propose two estimators for the phase uncertainty of cosine fitting from the signal per se of an individual experiment: (i) σ(φ fit)≈B A2N, where B/A is the mean-value-to-amplitude ratio, and N is the total count number, and (ii) σ(φ fit)≈1-R 2 R 2 n bins, where nbins is the total number of bins in the time domain, and R2 is the coefficient of determination. The former estimator is applicable for the statistical fluctuation, while the latter includes the effects from various uncertainty sources, which is mathematically proven and numerically validated. This leads to an efficient and reliable approach to determining quantitative uncertainties in RABBITT experiments and evaluating the observed discrepancy among individual measurements, as demonstrated on the basis of experimental data.
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13
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Multilevel Laser Induced Continuum Structure. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23070891. [PMID: 34356432 PMCID: PMC8303234 DOI: 10.3390/e23070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced-continuum-structure (LICS) allows for coherent control techniques to be applied in a Raman type system with an intermediate continuum state. The standard LICS problem involves two bound states coupled to one or more continua. In this paper, we discuss the simplest non-trivial multistate generalization of LICS which couples two bound levels, each composed of two degenerate states through a common continuum state. We reduce the complexity of the system by switching to a rotated basis of the bound states, in which different sub-systems of lower dimension evolve independently. We derive the trapping condition and explore the dynamics of the sub-systems under different initial conditions.
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14
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Bello RY, Martín F, Palacios A. Attosecond laser control of photoelectron angular distributions in XUV-induced ionization of H 2. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:378-393. [PMID: 33566038 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate how attosecond XUV pump/IR probe schemes can be used to exert control on the ionization dynamics of the hydrogen molecule. The aim is to play with all available experimental parameters in the problem, namely the XUV pump-IR probe delay, the energy and emission direction of the produced photo-ions, as well as combinations of them, to uncover control strategies that can lead to preferential electron ejection directions. We do so by accurately solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, with inclusion of both electronic and nuclear motions, as well as the coupling between them. We show that both the IR pulse and the nuclear motion can be used to break the molecular inversion symmetry, thus leading to asymmetric molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions. The preferential electron emission direction can thus be tuned by varying the pump-probe delay, by choosing specific ranges of proton kinetic energies, or both. We expect that similar control strategies could be used in more complex molecules containing light nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Y Bello
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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15
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Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M. Reconstruction of atomic resonances with attosecond streaking. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:9711-9722. [PMID: 33820125 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent development of spectroscopic techniques based on attosecond radiation has given the community the right tools to study the timing of the photoelectron process. In this work we investigate the effect of Fano resonances in attosecond streaking spectrograms and the application of standard phase-reconstruction algorithms. We show that while the existence of the infrared coupling (ac-Stark shift) hinders the applicability of FROG-like methods, under certain conditions it is still possible to use standard reconstruction algorithms to retrieve the photoemission delay of the bare resonance. Finally, we propose two strategies to study the strength of IR coupling using the attosecond streaking technique.
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16
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Luo S, Liu J, Li X, Zhang D, Yu X, Ren D, Li M, Yang Y, Wang Z, Ma P, Wang C, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Ding D. Revealing Molecular Strong Field Autoionization Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:103202. [PMID: 33784162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The novel strong field autoionization (SFAI) dynamics is identified and investigated by channel-resolved angular streaking measurements of two electrons and two ions for the double-ionized CO. Comparing with the laser-assisted autoionization calculations, we demonstrate the electrons from SFAI are generated from the field-induced decay of the autoionizing state with a following acceleration in the laser fields. The energy-dependent photoelectron angular distributions further reveal that the subcycle ac-Stark effect modulates the lifetime of the autoionizing state and controls the emission of SFAI electrons in molecular frame. Our results pave the way to control the emission of resonant high-harmonic generation and trace the electron-electron correlation and electron-nuclear coupling by strong laser fields. The lifetime modulation of quantum systems in the strong laser field has great potential for quantum manipulation of chemical reactions and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizuo Luo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jinlei Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xitao Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dianxiang Ren
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yizhang Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zengxiu Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Dajun Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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17
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Litvinenko KL, Le NH, Redlich B, Pidgeon CR, Abrosimov NV, Andreev Y, Huang Z, Murdin BN. The multi-photon induced Fano effect. Nat Commun 2021; 12:454. [PMID: 33469024 PMCID: PMC7815926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The ordinary Fano effect occurs in many-electron atoms and requires an autoionizing state. With such a state, photo-ionization may proceed via pathways that interfere, and the characteristic asymmetric resonance structures appear in the continuum. Here we demonstrate that Fano structure may also be induced without need of auto-ionization, by dressing the continuum with an ordinary bound state in any atom by a coupling laser. Using multi-photon processes gives complete, ultra-fast control over the interference. We show that a line-shape index q near unity (maximum asymmetry) may be produced in hydrogenic silicon donors with a relatively weak beam. Since the Fano lineshape has both constructive and destructive interference, the laser control opens the possibility of state-selective detection with enhancement on one side of resonance and invisibility on the other. We discuss a variety of atomic and molecular spectroscopies, and in the case of silicon donors we provide a calculation for a qubit readout application. Fano resonances occur in many platforms that have auto-ionizing states. Here the authors show that auto-ionizing states are not required for multi-photon Fano resonance in a Si:P system with significant screening by using a pump-probe method.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Litvinenko
- Department of Physics, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Nguyen H Le
- Department of Physics, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - B Redlich
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C R Pidgeon
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N V Abrosimov
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung (IKZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Andreev
- Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of SB RAS, 10/3, Academicheskii Avenue, Tomsk, 634055, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, 1, Novosobornaya Strasse, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Zhiming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics and Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, CAS, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - B N Murdin
- Department of Physics, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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18
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Azoury D, Krüger M, Bruner BD, Smirnova O, Dudovich N. Direct measurement of Coulomb-laser coupling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:495. [PMID: 33436698 PMCID: PMC7803985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coulomb interaction between a photoelectron and its parent ion plays an important role in a large range of light-matter interactions. In this paper we obtain a direct insight into the Coulomb interaction and resolve, for the first time, the phase accumulated by the laser-driven electron as it interacts with the Coulomb potential. Applying extreme-ultraviolet interferometry enables us to resolve this phase with attosecond precision over a large energy range. Our findings identify a strong laser-Coulomb coupling, going beyond the standard recollision picture within the strong-field framework. Transformation of the results to the time domain reveals Coulomb-induced delays of the electrons along their trajectories, which vary by tens of attoseconds with the laser field intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Azoury
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael Krüger
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Department of Physics and Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Barry D Bruner
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Ruska-Gebäude, Hardenbergstraße 36A, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nirit Dudovich
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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19
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Fu X, Jia Y, Chen H, Feng M, Zhu R, Qu S. Single-layer metasurface for ultra-wideband polarization conversion: bandwidth extension via Fano resonance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:585. [PMID: 33436775 PMCID: PMC7804130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method of designing ultra-wideband single-layer metasurfaces for cross-polarization conversion, via the introduction of Fano resonances. By adding sub-branches onto the unit cell structure, the induced surface currents are disturbed, leading to coexistence of both bright and dark modes at higher frequencies. Due to the strong interaction between the two modes, Fano resonance can be produced. In this way, five resonances in all are produced by the single-layer metasurface. The first four are conventional and are generated by electric and magnetic resonances, whereas the fifth one is caused by Fano resonance, which further extends the bandwidth. A prototype was designed, fabricated and measured to verify this method. Both the simulated and measured results show that a 1:4.4 bandwidth can be achieved for both x- and y-polarized waves, with almost all polarization conversion ratio (PCR) above 90%. This method provides an effective alternative to metasurface bandwidth extension and can also be extended to higher bands such as THz and infrared frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of Basic Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafu Wang
- Department of Basic Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinmin Fu
- Department of Basic Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Jia
- Department of Basic Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongya Chen
- Department of Basic Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingde Feng
- Department of Basic Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruichao Zhu
- Department of Basic Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Qu
- Department of Basic Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Deshmukh PC, Banerjee S. Time delay in atomic and molecular collisions and photoionisation/photodetachment. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2021.1838805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Deshmukh
- Department of Physics and CAMOST, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, India
- Department of Physics, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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21
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Zhong S, Vinbladh J, Busto D, Squibb RJ, Isinger M, Neoričić L, Laurell H, Weissenbilder R, Arnold CL, Feifel R, Dahlström JM, Wendin G, Gisselbrecht M, Lindroth E, L'Huillier A. Attosecond electron-spin dynamics in Xe 4d photoionization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5042. [PMID: 33028822 PMCID: PMC7541461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoionization of xenon atoms in the 70–100 eV range reveals several fascinating physical phenomena such as a giant resonance induced by the dynamic rearrangement of the electron cloud after photon absorption, an anomalous branching ratio between intermediate Xe+ states separated by the spin-orbit interaction and multiple Auger decay processes. These phenomena have been studied in the past, using in particular synchrotron radiation, but without access to real-time dynamics. Here, we study the dynamics of Xe 4d photoionization on its natural time scale combining attosecond interferometry and coincidence spectroscopy. A time-frequency analysis of the involved transitions allows us to identify two interfering ionization mechanisms: the broad giant dipole resonance with a fast decay time less than 50 as, and a narrow resonance at threshold induced by spin-flip transitions, with much longer decay times of several hundred as. Our results provide insight into the complex electron-spin dynamics of photo-induced phenomena. Here the authors report experiment and theory study of the photoionization of xenon inner shell 4d electron using attosecond pulses. They have identified two ionization paths - one corresponding to broad giant dipole resonance with short decay time and the other involving spin-flip transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhong
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden.
| | - Jimmy Vinbladh
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - David Busto
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Richard J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Marcus Isinger
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Lana Neoričić
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Hugo Laurell
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Robin Weissenbilder
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Cord L Arnold
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Raimund Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Wendin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience-MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Lindroth
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Anne L'Huillier
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
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22
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Venzke J, Becker A, Jaron-Becker A. Asymmetries in ionization of atomic superposition states by ultrashort laser pulses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16164. [PMID: 32999393 PMCID: PMC7527981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in ultrafast science allows for probing quantum superposition states with ultrashort laser pulses in the new regime where several linear and nonlinear ionization pathways compete. Interferences of pathways can be observed in the photoelectron angular distribution and in the past they have been analyzed for atoms and molecules in a single quantum state via anisotropy and asymmetry parameters. Those conventional parameters, however, do not provide comprehensive tools for probing superposition states in the emerging research area of bright and ultrashort light sources, such as free-electron lasers and high-order harmonic generation. We propose a new set of generalized asymmetry parameters which are sensitive to interference effects in the photoionization and the interplay of competing pathways as the laser pulse duration is shortened and the laser intensity is increased. The relevance of the parameters is demonstrated using results of state-of-the-art numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for ionization of helium atom and neon atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venzke
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
| | - A Becker
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA
| | - A Jaron-Becker
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA
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23
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Busto D, Vinbladh J, Zhong S, Isinger M, Nandi S, Maclot S, Johnsson P, Gisselbrecht M, L'Huillier A, Lindroth E, Dahlström JM. Fano's Propensity Rule in Angle-Resolved Attosecond Pump-Probe Photoionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:133201. [PMID: 31697513 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In a seminal article, Fano predicts that absorption of light occurs preferably with increase of angular momentum. We generalize Fano's propensity rule to laser-assisted photoionization, consisting of absorption of an extreme-ultraviolet photon followed by absorption or emission of an infrared photon. The predicted asymmetry between absorption and emission leads to incomplete quantum interference in attosecond photoelectron interferometry. It explains both the angular dependence of the photoionization time delays and the delay dependence of the photoelectron angular distributions. Our theory is verified by experimental results in Ar in the 20-40 eV range.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Busto
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Vinbladh
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiyang Zhong
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Isinger
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Maclot
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anne L'Huillier
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindroth
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Donsa S, Douguet N, Burgdörfer J, Březinová I, Argenti L. Circular Holographic Ionization-Phase Meter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:133203. [PMID: 31697555 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.133203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose an attosecond extreme ultraviolet pump IR-probe photoionization protocol that employs pairs of counterrotating consecutive harmonics and angularly resolved photoelectron detection, thereby providing a direct measurement of ionization phases. The present method, which we call circular holographic ionization-phase meter, gives also access to the phase of photoemission amplitudes of even-parity continuum states from a single time-delay measurement since the relative phase of one- and two-photon ionization pathways is imprinted in the photoemission anisotropy. The method is illustrated with ab initio simulations of photoionization via autoionizing resonances in helium. The rapid phase excursion in the transition amplitude to both the dipole-allowed (2s2p)^{1}P^{o} and the dipole-forbidden (2p^{2})^{1}D^{e} states are faithfully reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Donsa
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - N Douguet
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - I Březinová
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - L Argenti
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
- CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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25
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Barreau L, Petersson CLM, Klinker M, Camper A, Marante C, Gorman T, Kiesewetter D, Argenti L, Agostini P, González-Vázquez J, Salières P, DiMauro LF, Martín F. Disentangling Spectral Phases of Interfering Autoionizing States from Attosecond Interferometric Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:253203. [PMID: 31347882 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.253203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have determined spectral phases of Ne autoionizing states from extreme ultraviolet and midinfrared attosecond interferometric measurements and ab initio full-electron time-dependent theoretical calculations in an energy interval where several of these states are coherently populated. The retrieved phases exhibit a complex behavior as a function of photon energy, which is the consequence of the interference between paths involving various resonances. In spite of this complexity, we show that phases for individual resonances can still be obtained from experiment by using an extension of the Fano model of atomic resonances. As simultaneous excitation of several resonances is a common scenario in many-electron systems, the present work paves the way to reconstruct electron wave packets coherently generated by attosecond pulses in systems larger than helium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Barreau
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, and Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Leon M Petersson
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Klinker
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoine Camper
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Carlos Marante
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy Gorman
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Luca Argenti
- Department of Physics and CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Pierre Agostini
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Pascal Salières
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, and Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Louis F DiMauro
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Jain A, Gaumnitz T, Kheifets A, Wörner HJ. Using a passively stable attosecond beamline for relative photoemission time delays at high XUV photon energies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:28604-28620. [PMID: 30470034 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.028604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present and demonstrate an experimental scheme that enables overlap-free reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) measurements at high extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) photon energies. A compact passively-stabilized attosecond beamline employing a multilayer (ML) mirror allows us to obtain XUV pulses consisting of only two odd high-harmonic orders from an attosecond pulse train (APT). We compare our new technique to existing schemes that are used to perform RABBITT measurements and discuss how our scheme resolves the limitations imposed by spectral complexity of the harmonic comb at high photon energies. We further demonstrate first applications of our scheme for rare gases and gas mixtures, and show that this scheme can be extended to gas-molecule mixtures.
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27
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Ultrafast Dynamics of High-Harmonic Generation in Terms of Complex Floquet Spectral Analysis. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10080313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the high-harmonic generation (HHG) of a two-level-system (TLS) driven by an intense monochromatic phase-locked laser based on complex spectral analysis with the Floquet method. In contrast with phenomenological approaches, this analysis deals with the whole process as a coherent quantum process based on microscopic dynamics. We have obtained the time-frequency resolved spectrum of spontaneous HHG single-photon emission from an excited TLS driven by a laser field. Characteristic spectral features of the HHG, such as the plateau and cutoff, are reproduced by the present model. Because the emitted high-harmonic photon is represented as a superposition of different frequencies, the Fano profile appears in the long-time spectrum as a result of the quantum interference of the emitted photon. We reveal that the condition of the quantum interference depends on the initial phase of the driving laser field. We have also clarified that the change in spectral features from the short-time regime to the long-time regime is attributed to the interference between the interference from the Floquet resonance states and the dressed radiation field.
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28
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Vos J, Cattaneo L, Patchkovskii S, Zimmermann T, Cirelli C, Lucchini M, Kheifets A, Landsman AS, Keller U. Orientation-dependent stereo Wigner time delay and electron localization in a small molecule. Science 2018; 360:1326-1330. [PMID: 29930132 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Attosecond metrology of atoms has accessed the time scale of the most fundamental processes in quantum mechanics. Transferring the time-resolved photoelectric effect from atoms to molecules considerably increases experimental and theoretical challenges. Here we show that orientation- and energy-resolved measurements characterize the molecular stereo Wigner time delay. This observable provides direct information on the localization of the excited electron wave packet within the molecular potential. Furthermore, we demonstrate that photoelectrons resulting from the dissociative ionization process of the CO molecule are preferentially emitted from the carbon end for dissociative 2Σ states and from the center and oxygen end for the 2Π states of the molecular ion. Supported by comprehensive theoretical calculations, this work constitutes a complete spatially and temporally resolved reconstruction of the molecular photoelectric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vos
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - L Cattaneo
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - T Zimmermann
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Korea, Department of Physics, Postech, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - C Cirelli
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Lucchini
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Kheifets
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - A S Landsman
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Korea, Department of Physics, Postech, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - U Keller
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Douguet N, Schneider BI, Argenti L. Application of the complex Kohn variational method to attosecond spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2018; 98:10.1103/PhysRevA.98.023403. [PMID: 33313458 PMCID: PMC7727740 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.98.023403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complex Kohn variational method is extended to compute light-driven electronic transitions between continuum wave functions in atomic and molecular systems. This development enables the study of multiphoton processes in the perturbative regime for arbitrary light polarization. As a proof of principle, we apply the method to compute the photoelectron spectrum arising from the pump-probe two-photon ionization of helium induced by a sequence of extreme ultraviolet and infrared light pulses. We compare several two-photon ionization pump-probe spectra, resonant with the (2s2p) 1P 1 o Feshbach resonance, with independent simulations based on the atomic B-spline close-coupling STOCK code, and find good agreement between the two approaches. This finite-pulse perturbative approach is a step towards the ab initio study of weak-field attosecond processes in polyelectronic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Douguet
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32186, USA
| | - B I Schneider
- Physics Division, National Science Foundation, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - L Argenti
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32186, USA
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Gallmann L, Jordan I, Wörner HJ, Castiglioni L, Hengsberger M, Osterwalder J, Arrell CA, Chergui M, Liberatore E, Rothlisberger U, Keller U. Photoemission and photoionization time delays and rates. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061502. [PMID: 29308414 PMCID: PMC5732014 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ionization and, in particular, ionization through the interaction with light play an important role in fundamental processes in physics, chemistry, and biology. In recent years, we have seen tremendous advances in our ability to measure the dynamics of photo-induced ionization in various systems in the gas, liquid, or solid phase. In this review, we will define the parameters used for quantifying these dynamics. We give a brief overview of some of the most important ionization processes and how to resolve the associated time delays and rates. With regard to time delays, we ask the question: how long does it take to remove an electron from an atom, molecule, or solid? With regard to rates, we ask the question: how many electrons are emitted in a given unit of time? We present state-of-the-art results on ionization and photoemission time delays and rates. Our review starts with the simplest physical systems: the attosecond dynamics of single-photon and tunnel ionization of atoms in the gas phase. We then extend the discussion to molecular gases and ionization of liquid targets. Finally, we present the measurements of ionization delays in femto- and attosecond photoemission from the solid-vacuum interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gallmann
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Jordan
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H J Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Castiglioni
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Hengsberger
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Osterwalder
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C A Arrell
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), ISIC-FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), ISIC-FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Liberatore
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U Keller
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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