1
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Xue S, Chen H, Wang X, Hu C, Yin Y, Zhu S, Chen H. Angular Brewster effect. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2170-2173. [PMID: 38853043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Xue
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Haojie Chen
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chuanjie Hu
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuhang Yin
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Huanyang Chen
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Department of Physics, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 439000, Malaysia.
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2
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Gomez Sanchez O, Peng GH, Li WH, Shih CH, Chien CH, Cheng SJ. Enhanced Photo-excitation and Angular-Momentum Imprint of Gray Excitons in WSe 2 Monolayers by Spin-Orbit-Coupled Vector Vortex Beams. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11425-11437. [PMID: 38637308 PMCID: PMC11064230 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A light beam can be spatially structured in the complex amplitude to possess orbital angular momentum (OAM), which introduces an extra degree of freedom alongside the intrinsic spin angular momentum (SAM) associated with circular polarization. Furthermore, superimposing two such twisted light (TL) beams with distinct SAM and OAM produces a vector vortex beam (VVB) in nonseparable states where not only complex amplitude but also polarization is spatially structured and entangled with each other. In addition to the nonseparability, the SAM and OAM in a VVB are intrinsically coupled by the optical spin-orbit interaction and constitute the profound spin-orbit physics in photonics. In this work, we present a comprehensive theoretical investigation, implemented on the first-principles base, of the intriguing light-matter interaction between VVBs and WSe2 monolayers (WSe2-MLs), one of the best-known and promising two-dimensional (2D) materials in optoelectronics dictated by excitons, encompassing bright exciton (BX) as well as various dark excitons (DXs). One of the key findings of our study is that a substantial enhancement of the photoexcitation of gray excitons (GXs), a type of spin-forbidden DX, in a WSe2-ML can be achieved through the utilization of a 3D-structured TL with the optical spin-orbit interaction. Moreover, we show that a spin-orbit-coupled VVB surprisingly allows for the imprinting of the carried optical information onto GXs in 2D materials, which is robust against the decoherence mechanisms in the materials. This suggests a promising method for deciphering the transferred angular momentum from structured light to excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guan-Hao Peng
- Department
of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Department
of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Shih
- Institute
of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsin Chien
- Institute
of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Jen Cheng
- Department
of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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3
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Chen Y, Yu X, Guo Y, Wang X, Huang K, Xu B. Generation of pure transverse spin and nontrivial polarization structures of beams by dielectric metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:15126-15135. [PMID: 38859171 DOI: 10.1364/oe.519560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Transverse spin, a spin component with unique characteristics, provides a new dimension for plenty of applications, such as optical trapping, imaging, and communication. Here, we analyze the pure transverse spin in the Bessel beam, which is solely present in the azimuthal direction. Based on a single layer dielectric metasurface, we efficiently generate Bessel beams with pure transverse spin in a compact optical system. As designed, the transverse spin is flexibly tunable by converting the polarization of the incident light. Furthermore, in the scattered Bessel beam, the local electromagnetic field oscillates around the transverse axis, which is perpendicular to the beam propagation. At certain positions, the local polarization ellipse degenerates into a perfect circle, resulting in a ring-periodic distribution of circularly polarized points (C points) in the beam. This suggests that the local polarization demonstrates a nontrivial periodic structure. This work deepens our understanding of spin-related physics and opens a new avenue for the study and application of transverse spins in ultracompact, flat, multifunctional nanophotonic platforms.
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4
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Ni X, Liu Y, Lou B, Zhang M, Hu EL, Fan S, Mazur E, Tang H. Three-Dimensional Reconfigurable Optical Singularities in Bilayer Photonic Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:073804. [PMID: 38427898 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.073804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces and photonic crystals have revolutionized classical and quantum manipulation of light and opened the door to studying various optical singularities related to phases and polarization states. However, traditional nanophotonic devices lack reconfigurability, hindering the dynamic switching and optimization of optical singularities. This paper delves into the underexplored concept of tunable bilayer photonic crystals (BPhCs), which offer rich interlayer coupling effects. Utilizing silicon nitride-based BPhCs, we demonstrate tunable bidirectional and unidirectional polarization singularities, along with spatiotemporal phase singularities. Leveraging these tunable singularities, we achieve dynamic modulation of bound-state-in-continuum states, unidirectional guided resonances, and both longitudinal and transverse orbital angular momentum. Our work paves the way for multidimensional control over polarization and phase, inspiring new directions in ultrafast optics, optoelectronics, and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Ni
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Beicheng Lou
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Evelyn L Hu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Eric Mazur
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Haoning Tang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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5
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Zhong Y, Wang C, Bian C, Chen X, Chen J, Zhu X, Hu H, Low T, Chen H, Zhang B, Lin X. Near-field directionality governed by asymmetric dipole-matter interactions. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:826-829. [PMID: 38359192 DOI: 10.1364/ol.515912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Directionally molding the near-field and far-field radiation lies at the heart of nanophotonics and is crucial for applications such as on-chip information processing and chiral quantum networks. The most fundamental model for radiating structures is a dipolar source located inside homogeneous matter. However, the influence of matter on the directionality of dipolar radiation is oftentimes overlooked, especially for the near-field radiation. As background, the dipole-matter interaction is intrinsically asymmetric and does not fulfill the duality principle, originating from the inherent asymmetry of Maxwell's equations, i.e., electric charge and current density are ubiquitous but their magnetic counterparts are non-existent to elusive. We find that the asymmetric dipole-matter interaction could offer an enticing route to reshape the directionality of not only the near-field radiation but also the far-field radiation. As an example, both the near-field and far-field radiation directionality of the Huygens dipole (located close to a dielectric-metal interface) would be reversed if the dipolar position is changed from the dielectric region to the metal region.
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6
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Zhao H, Ma Y, Gao Z, Liu N, Wu T, Wu S, Feng X, Hone J, Strauf S, Feng L. High-Purity Generation and Switching of Twisted Single Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:183801. [PMID: 37977645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.183801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantum technologies, if scaled into a high-dimensional Hilbert space, can dramatically enhance connection capabilities with supporting higher bit rates and ultrasecure information transfer. Twisted single photons, carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) as an unbounded dimension, could address the growing demand for high-dimensional quantum information encoding and transmission. By hybrid integration of two-dimensional semiconductor WSe_{2} with a spin-orbit-coupled microring resonator, we demonstrate an integrated tunable twisted single photon source with the ability to precisely define and switch between highly pure spin-OAM states. Our results feature a single photon purity of g^{(2)}(0)∼0.13 with a cavity-enhanced quantum yield of 76% and a high OAM mode purity up to 96.9%. Moreover, the demonstrated quantum-chiral control can also enable new quantum functionality such as single photon routing for efficient quantum information processing on chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yichen Ma
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Zihe Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Tianwei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xilin Feng
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Stefan Strauf
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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7
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Cisowski C, Klitis C, Maidment P, Sorel M, Franke-Arnold S. On-chip generation of adjustable cylindrical vector beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:29166-29173. [PMID: 37710722 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical vector (CV) beams have sparked considerable interest due to their extraordinary vectorial properties, desirable for applications ranging from microscopy to high energy physics. Increasing demand for cost-effective, small-footprint photonics has fueled the development of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) capable of generating structured light beams in recent years. This technology however suffers from low reconfigurability, limiting the variety of CV beams that can be generated from these devices. In this article, we propose a novel design to overcome this limitation, which exploits the polarization-dependent response of annular gratings embedded into a microring resonator to generate re-configurable CV beams. We demonstrate the viability of the device in a proof-of-principle experiment including spatially resolved Stokes measurements.
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8
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Ren H, Maier SA. Nanophotonic Materials for Twisted-Light Manipulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2106692. [PMID: 34716627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Twisted light, an unbounded set of helical spatial modes carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), offers not only fundamental new insights into structured light-matter interactions, but also a new degree of freedom to boost optical and quantum information capacity. However, current OAM experiments still rely on bulky, expensive, and slow-response diffractive or refractive optical elements, hindering today's OAM systems to be largely deployed. In the last decade, nanophotonics has transformed the photonic design and unveiled a diverse range of compact and multifunctional nanophotonic devices harnessing the generation and detection of OAM modes. Recent metasurface devices developed for OAM generation in both real and momentum space, presenting design principle and exemplary devices, are summarized. Moreover, recent development of whispering-gallery-mode-based passive and tunable microcavities, capable of extracting degenerate OAM modes for on-chip vortex emission and lasing, is summarized. In addition, the design principle of different plasmonic devices and photodetectors recently developed for on-chip OAM detection is discussed. Current challenges faced by the nanophotonic field for twisted-light manipulation and future advances to meet these challenges are further discussed. It is believed that twisted-light manipulation in nanophotonics will continue to make significant impact on future development of ultracompact, ultrahigh-capacity, and ultrahigh-speed OAM systems-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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9
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Gao Z, Qiao X, Pan M, Wu S, Yim J, Chen K, Midya B, Ge L, Feng L. Two-Dimensional Reconfigurable Non-Hermitian Gauged Laser Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:263801. [PMID: 37450823 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.263801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Topological effects in photonic non-Hermitian systems have recently led to extraordinary discoveries including nonreciprocal lasing, topological insulator lasers, and topological metamaterials, to mention a few. These effects, although realized in non-Hermitian systems, are all stemming from their Hermitian components. Here we experimentally demonstrate the topological skin effect and boundary sensitivity, induced by the imaginary gauge field in a two-dimensional laser array, which are fundamentally different from any Hermitian topological effects and intrinsic to open systems. By selectively and asymmetrically injecting gain into the system, we have synthesized an imaginary gauge field on chip, which can be flexibly reconfigured on demand. We show not only that the non-Hermitian topological features remain intact in a nonlinear nonequilibrium system, but also that they can be harnessed to enable persistent phase locking with intensity morphing. Our work lays the foundation for a dynamically reconfigurable on-chip coherent system with robust scalability, attractive for building high-brightness sources with arbitrary intensity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xingdu Qiao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mingsen Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jieun Yim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Bikashkali Midya
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur, Odisha 760003, India
| | - Li Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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10
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Gao Z, Zhao H, Wu T, Feng X, Zhang Z, Qiao X, Chiu CK, Feng L. Topological quadratic-node semimetal in a photonic microring lattice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3206. [PMID: 37268611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene, with its two linearly dispersing Dirac points with opposite windings, is the minimal topological nodal configuration in the hexagonal Brillouin zone. Topological semimetals with higher-order nodes beyond the Dirac points have recently attracted considerable interest due to their rich chiral physics and their potential for the design of next-generation integrated devices. Here we report the experimental realization of the topological semimetal with quadratic nodes in a photonic microring lattice. Our structure hosts a robust second-order node at the center of the Brillouin zone and two Dirac points at the Brillouin zone boundary-the second minimal configuration, next to graphene, that satisfies the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem. The symmetry-protected quadratic nodal point, together with the Dirac points, leads to the coexistence of massive and massless components in a hybrid chiral particle. This gives rise to unique transport properties, which we demonstrate by directly imaging simultaneous Klein and anti-Klein tunnelling in the microring lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Haoqi Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tianwei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xilin Feng
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xingdu Qiao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ching-Kai Chiu
- RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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11
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Zhang D, Zhai D, Deng S, Yao W, Zhu Q. Single Photon Emitters with Polarization and Orbital Angular Momentum Locking in Monolayer Semiconductors. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3851-3857. [PMID: 37104699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide are endowed with intrinsic valley-orbit coupling between their center-of-mass motion and valley pseudospin. When trapped in a confinement potential, e.g., generated by strain field, we find that intralayer excitons are valley and orbital angular momentum (OAM) entangled. By tuning the trap profile and external magnetic field, one can engineer the exciton states at the ground state and realize a series of valley-OAM entangled states. We further show that the OAM of excitons can be transferred to emitted photons, and these novel exciton states can naturally serve as polarization-OAM locked single photon emitters, which under certain circumstance become polarization-OAM entangled, highly tunable by strain trap and magnetic field. Our proposal demonstrates a novel scheme to generate polarization-OAM locked/entangled photons at the nanoscale with a high degree of integrability and tunability, pointing to exciting opportunities for quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei Zhai
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sha Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qizhong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Taleb M, Samadi M, Davoodi F, Black M, Buhl J, Lüder H, Gerken M, Talebi N. Spin-orbit interactions in plasmonic crystals probed by site-selective cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. NANOPHOTONICS 2023; 12:1877-1889. [PMID: 37159805 PMCID: PMC10161781 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of light is crucial to explore the light-matter interactions in sub-wavelength structures. By designing a plasmonic lattice with chiral configuration that provides parallel angular momentum and spin components, one can trigger the strength of the SOC phenomena in photonic or plasmonic crystals. Herein, we explore the SOC in a plasmonic crystal, both theoretically and experimentally. Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy combined with the numerically calculated photonic band structure reveals an energy band splitting that is ascribed to the peculiar spin-orbit interaction of light in the proposed plasmonic crystal. Moreover, we exploit angle-resolved CL and dark-field polarimetry to demonstrate circular-polarization-dependent scattering of surface plasmon waves interacting with the plasmonic crystal. This further confirms that the scattering direction of a given polarization is determined by the transverse spin angular momentum inherently carried by the SP wave, which is in turn locked to the direction of SP propagation. We further propose an interaction Hamiltonian based on axion electrodynamics that underpins the degeneracy breaking of the surface plasmons due to the spin-orbit interaction of light. Our study gives insight into the design of novel plasmonic devices with polarization-dependent directionality of the Bloch plasmons. We expect spin-orbit interactions in plasmonics will find much more scientific interests and potential applications with the continuous development of nanofabrication methodologies and uncovering new aspects of spin-orbit interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Taleb
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohsen Samadi
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098Kiel, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Davoodi
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098Kiel, Germany
| | - Maximilian Black
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098Kiel, Germany
| | - Janek Buhl
- Integrated Systems and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143Kiel, Germany
| | - Hannes Lüder
- Integrated Systems and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Gerken
- Integrated Systems and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143Kiel, Germany
| | - Nahid Talebi
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098Kiel, Germany
- Kiel, Nano, Surface, and Interface Science, Kiel University, 24098Kiel, Germany
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13
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Ji J, Wang Z, Sun J, Chen C, Li X, Fang B, Zhu SN, Li T. Metasurface-Enabled On-Chip Manipulation of Higher-Order Poincaré Sphere Beams. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2750-2757. [PMID: 36951420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An integrated way to generate and manipulate higher-order Poincaré sphere beams (HOPBs) is a sought-after goal in photonic integrated circuits for high-capacity communication systems. Here, we demonstrate a novel method for on-chip generation and manipulation of HOPBs through combining metasurface with optical waveguides on lithium niobate on insulator platform. With phase modulation by a diatomic geometric metasurface, guided waves are extracted into free space with a high signal-to-noise ratio in the form of two orthogonal circularly polarized optical vortices which are linearly superposed into HOPBs. Meanwhile, a dual-port waveguide crossing is established to reconfigure the output states into an arbitrary point on a higher-order Poincaré sphere based on in-plane interference of two guided waves. Our approach provides a promising solution to generate and manipulate the HOPBs in a compact manner, which would be further enhanced by employing the electro-optical modulation on a lithium niobate waveguide to access a fully tunable scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Ji
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhizhang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xueyun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Fang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shi-Ning Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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14
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Wu S, Wu T, Qiao X, Gao Z, Agarwal R, Longhi S, Litchinitser NM, Ge L, Feng L. Spin-orbit microlaser emitting in a four-dimensional Hilbert space. Nature 2022; 612:246-251. [PMID: 36385532 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A step towards the next generation of high-capacity, noise-resilient communication and computing technologies is a substantial increase in the dimensionality of information space and the synthesis of superposition states on an N-dimensional (N > 2) Hilbert space featuring exotic group symmetries. Despite the rapid development of photonic devices and systems, on-chip information technologies are mostly limited to two-level systems owing to the lack of sufficient reconfigurability to satisfy the stringent requirement for 2(N - 1) degrees of freedom, intrinsically associated with the increase of synthetic dimensionalities. Even with extensive efforts dedicated to recently emerged vector lasers and microcavities for the expansion of dimensionalities1-10, it still remains a challenge to actively tune the diversified, high-dimensional superposition states of light on demand. Here we demonstrate a hyperdimensional, spin-orbit microlaser for chip-scale flexible generation and manipulation of arbitrary four-level states. Two microcavities coupled through a non-Hermitian synthetic gauge field are designed to emit spin-orbit-coupled states of light with six degrees of freedom. The vectorial state of the emitted laser beam in free space can be mapped on a Bloch hypersphere defining an SU(4) symmetry, demonstrating dynamical generation and reconfiguration of high-dimensional superposition states with high fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haoqi Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tianwei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xingdu Qiao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zihe Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefano Longhi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinary Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Natalia M Litchinitser
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Li Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, Staten Island, NY, USA.,The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Liu J, Wu J. Detecting the transverse spin density of light via electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:24009-24019. [PMID: 36225071 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For light that is transversely confined, its field vector spins in a plane not orthogonal to the propagation direction, leading to the presence of transverse spin, which plays a fundamental role in the field of chiral quantum optics. Here, we theoretically propose a scheme to detect the transverse spin density (TSD) of light by utilizing a multilevel atomic medium. The scheme is based on the electromagnetically induced transparency effect, which enables the TSD-dependent modulation of the susceptibility of the atomic medium by using a coupling field whose TSD is to be detected. The modulated susceptibility results in a spin-dependent absorption for a probe beam passing through the atomic medium. We show that there exists a corresponding relationship between the TSD distribution of the coupling field and the polarization distribution of the transmitted probe beam through a theoretical study of two typical cases, in which the coupling field is provided by a tightly focused field and a two-beam interference field, respectively. Based on this relationship, the key features of the TSD of the coupling field, such as the spatial distribution, the symmetry property, and the spin-momentum locking, can be inferred from the transmitted probe beam. Benefiting from the fast response of the atomic medium to the variation of the coupling field, the present scheme is capable of detecting the TSD in real time, offering new possibilities for developing transverse-spin-based techniques.
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16
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Pi H, Yu W, Yan J, Fang X. Coherent generation of arbitrary first-order Poincaré sphere beams on an Si chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7342-7355. [PMID: 35299499 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Generalized vector vortex light beams possess spatially variant polarization states, and higher-order Poincaré spheres represent a powerful analytical tool for analyzing these intriguing and complicated optical fields. For the generation of these vortex beams, a range of different methods have been explored, with an increasing emphasis placed on compact, integrated devices. Here, we demonstrate via numerical simulation, for the first time, an on-chip light emitter that allows for the controllable generation of all points on a first-order Poincaré sphere (FOPS). The FOPS beam generator consists of a waveguide-coupled, nanostructured Si microring resonator that converts two guided, coherent light waves into freely propagating output light. By matching their whispering gallery modes with the nanostructures, the fundamental TE (transverse electric) and TM (transverse magnetic) input modes produce radial and azimuthal polarizations, respectively. These two linear polarizations can form a pair of eigenstates for the FOPS. Consequently, tuning the phase contrast and the intensity ratio of these two coherent inputs allows for the generation of an arbitrary point on the FOPS. This result indicates a new way for on-chip vector vortex beam generation, which may be applied for integrated optical tweezers and high-capacity optical communications.
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17
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Li Y, Sun J, Wen Y, Zhou J. Spin-Dependent Visible Dyakonov Surface Waves in a Thin Hyperbolic Metamaterial Film. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:801-807. [PMID: 35005967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A Dyakonov surface wave offers a promising way of guiding light in two dimensions with almost no loss but also additional freedom of modulation through the anisotropy at the interface. Here we experimentally demonstrated a spin-dependent Dyakonov surface wave mode propagating in a hyperbolic metamaterial film at a visible frequency. Due to the strong anisotropy of the hyperbolic metamaterial, a Dyakonov type mode shows a large allowed angle band and transverse spin with its direction determined by the orientations of the hyperbolic anisotropy and surface normal, based on which we experimentally observed the photonic spin Hall effect of the surface wave mode. This work enables a new generation of two-dimensional photonic circuits with spin-dependent excitation/detection and modulation devices at the subwavelength level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongzheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Wu C, Kumar S, Kan Y, Komisar D, Wang Z, Bozhevolnyi SI, Ding F. Room-temperature on-chip orbital angular momentum single-photon sources. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3075. [PMID: 35020431 PMCID: PMC8754403 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
On-chip photon sources carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are in demand for high-capacity optical information processing in both classical and quantum regimes. However, currently exploited integrated OAM sources have been primarily limited to the classical regime. Here, we demonstrate a room-temperature on-chip integrated OAM source that emits well-collimated single photons, with a single-photon purity of g(2)(0) ≈ 0.22, carrying entangled spin and OAM states and forming two spatially separated entangled radiation channels with different polarization properties. The OAM-encoded single photons are generated by efficiently outcoupling diverging surface plasmon polaritons excited with a deterministically positioned quantum emitter via Archimedean spiral gratings. Our OAM single-photon source platform bridges the gap between conventional OAM manipulation and nonclassical light sources, enabling high-dimensional and large-scale photonic quantum systems for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuo Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Yinhui Kan
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
- College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Danylo Komisar
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Fei Ding
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
- Corresponding author.
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19
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Ni J, Huang C, Zhou LM, Gu M, Song Q, Kivshar Y, Qiu CW. Multidimensional phase singularities in nanophotonics. Science 2021; 374:eabj0039. [PMID: 34672745 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Can Huang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei-Ming Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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20
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu W, Li Z, Cheng H, Tian J, Chen S. Multi-band on-chip photonic spin Hall effect and selective excitation of whispering gallery modes with metasurface-integrated microcavity. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3528-3531. [PMID: 34329216 DOI: 10.1364/ol.429940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose an approach to realize a multi-band on-chip photonic spin Hall effect and selective excitation of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) by integrating metasurfaces with microcavities. Free-space circularly polarized light with opposite spin angular momentum can effectively excite WGMs with opposite propagation directions at fixed wavelengths. Moreover, the different WGMs with different propagation directions and polarizations can be selectively excited by manipulating the number of antennas. We demonstrate that the optical properties (i.e., coupling efficiency, peak positions, and peak widths) of the proposed metasurface-integrated microcavities can be easily tailored by adjusting different geometric parameters. This study enables the realization of chiral microcavities with exciting novel functionalities, which may provide a further step in the development of photonic integrated circuits, optical sensing, and chiral optics.
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21
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Qiao X, Midya B, Gao Z, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Wu T, Yim J, Agarwal R, Litchinitser NM, Feng L. Higher-dimensional supersymmetric microlaser arrays. Science 2021; 372:403-408. [PMID: 33888640 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinear scaling of complexity with the increased number of components in integrated photonics is a major obstacle impeding large-scale, phase-locked laser arrays. Here, we develop a higher-dimensional supersymmetry formalism for precise mode control and nonlinear power scaling. Our supersymmetric microlaser arrays feature phase-locked coherence and synchronization of all of the evanescently coupled microring lasers-collectively oscillating in the fundamental transverse supermode-which enables high-radiance, small-divergence, and single-frequency laser emission with a two-orders-of-magnitude enhancement in energy density. We also demonstrate the feasibility of structuring high-radiance vortex laser beams, which enhance the laser performance by taking full advantage of spatial degrees of freedom of light. Our approach provides a route for designing large-scale integrated photonic systems in both classical and quantum regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdu Qiao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bikashkali Midya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur 760010, India
| | - Zihe Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haoqi Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tianwei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jieun Yim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Natalia M Litchinitser
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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22
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Chi C, Jiang Q, Liu Z, Zheng L, Jiang M, Zhang H, Lin F, Shen B, Fang Z. Selectively steering photon spin angular momentum via electron-induced optical spin Hall effect. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf8011. [PMID: 33910897 PMCID: PMC8081354 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of the optical spin Hall effect (OSHE) realizes the splitting of different spin components, contributing to the manipulation of photon spin angular momentum that acts as the information carrier for quantum technology. However, OSHE with optical excitation lacks active control of photon angular momentum at deep subwavelength scale because of the optical diffraction limit. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a selective manipulation of photon spin angular momentum at a deep subwavelength scale via electron-induced OSHE in Au nanoantennas. The inversion of the OSHE radiation pattern is observed by angle-resolved cathodoluminescence polarimetry with the electron impact position shifting within 80 nm in a single antenna unit. By this selective steering of photon spin, we propose an information encoding with robustness, privacy, and high level of integration at a deep subwavelength scale for the future quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liheng Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Shen
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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23
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Sebbag Y, Levy U. Arbitrarily directed emission of integrated cylindrical vector vortex beams by geometric phase engineering. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6779-6782. [PMID: 33325895 DOI: 10.1364/ol.412026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrated cylindrical vector vortex (CVV) emitters have been introduced and studied for their potential applications in classical optics and quantum optics technologies. In this work, we demonstrate that the emission angle of integrated CVV emitters can be engineered by taking advantage of the geometrical phase of a microring resonator. Two methods to superimpose an arbitrary phase profile on top of the integrated emitters are presented and compared. Angled emission of integrated vector vortex beams enables the use of chip-scale emitters for integrated nonlinear optics and for beam steering applications with orbital angular momentum.
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24
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Pires DG, Qiao X, Gao Z, Jornet JM, Longhi S, Litchinitser NM, Feng L. Ultrafast control of fractional orbital angular momentum of microlaser emissions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:179. [PMID: 33101659 PMCID: PMC7576132 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
On-chip integrated laser sources of structured light carrying fractional orbital angular momentum (FOAM) are highly desirable for the forefront development of optical communication and quantum information-processing technologies. While integrated vortex beam generators have been previously demonstrated in different optical settings, ultrafast control and sweep of FOAM light with low-power control, suitable for high-speed optical communication and computing, remains challenging. Here we demonstrate fast control of the FOAM from a vortex semiconductor microlaser based on fast transient mixing of integer laser vorticities induced by a control pulse. A continuous FOAM sweep between charge 0 and charge +2 is demonstrated in a 100 ps time window, with the ultimate speed limit being established by the carrier recombination time in the gain medium. Our results provide a new route to generating vortex microlasers carrying FOAM that are switchable at GHz frequencies by an ultrafast control pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Haoqi Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Danilo Gomes Pires
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Xingdu Qiao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Zihe Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Josep M. Jornet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Stefano Longhi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Liang Feng
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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25
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Ji Z, Liu W, Krylyuk S, Fan X, Zhang Z, Pan A, Feng L, Davydov A, Agarwal R. Photocurrent detection of the orbital angular momentum of light. Science 2020; 368:763-767. [PMID: 32409474 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba9192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Applications that use the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light show promise for increasing the bandwidth of optical communication networks. However, direct photocurrent detection of different OAM modes has not yet been demonstrated. Most studies of current responses to electromagnetic fields have focused on optical intensity-related effects, but phase information has been lost. In this study, we designed a photodetector based on tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) with carefully fabricated electrode geometries to facilitate direct characterization of the topological charge of OAM of light. This orbital photogalvanic effect, driven by the helical phase gradient, is distinguished by a current winding around the optical beam axis with a magnitude proportional to its quantized OAM mode number. Our study provides a route to develop on-chip detection of optical OAM modes, which can enable the development of next-generation photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhurun Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sergiy Krylyuk
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Albert Davydov
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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26
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Zhang Z, Qiao X, Midya B, Liu K, Sun J, Wu T, Liu W, Agarwal R, Jornet JM, Longhi S, Litchinitser NM, Feng L. Tunable topological charge vortex microlaser. Science 2020; 368:760-763. [PMID: 32409473 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba8996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) intrinsically carried by vortex light beams holds a promise for multidimensional high-capacity data multiplexing, meeting the ever-increasing demands for information. Development of a dynamically tunable OAM light source is a critical step in the realization of OAM modulation and multiplexing. By harnessing the properties of total momentum conservation, spin-orbit interaction, and optical non-Hermitian symmetry breaking, we demonstrate an OAM-tunable vortex microlaser, providing chiral light states of variable topological charges at a single telecommunication wavelength. The scheme of the non-Hermitian-controlled chiral light emission at room temperature can be further scaled up for simultaneous multivortex emissions in a flexible manner. Our work provides a route for the development of the next generation of multidimensional OAM-spin-wavelength division multiplexing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xingdu Qiao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bikashkali Midya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tianwei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josep Miquel Jornet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefano Longhi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy.,Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (CSIC-UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Natalia M Litchinitser
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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Abstract
Compact devices provide new ways to generate and detect optical vortex beams
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York (CUNY), Staten Island, NY 10314, USA, and Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
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28
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Huang C, Zhang C, Xiao S, Wang Y, Fan Y, Liu Y, Zhang N, Qu G, Ji H, Han J, Ge L, Kivshar Y, Song Q. Ultrafast control of vortex microlasers. Science 2020; 367:1018-1021. [PMID: 32108108 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of classical and quantum information-processing technology calls for on-chip integrated sources of structured light. Although integrated vortex microlasers have been previously demonstrated, they remain static and possess relatively high lasing thresholds, making them unsuitable for high-speed optical communication and computing. We introduce perovskite-based vortex microlasers and demonstrate their application to ultrafast all-optical switching at room temperature. By exploiting both mode symmetry and far-field properties, we reveal that the vortex beam lasing can be switched to linearly polarized beam lasing, or vice versa, with switching times of 1 to 1.5 picoseconds and energy consumption that is orders of magnitude lower than in previously demonstrated all-optical switching. Our results provide an approach that breaks the long-standing trade-off between low energy consumption and high-speed nanophotonics, introducing vortex microlasers that are switchable at terahertz frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Huang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yubin Fan
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Geyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongjun Ji
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Li Ge
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Qinghai Song
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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29
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Enhanced spin orbit interaction of light in highly confining optical fibers for mode division multiplexing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4707. [PMID: 31624247 PMCID: PMC6797754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light carries both orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM), related to wavefront rotation and polarization, respectively. These are usually approximately independent quantities, but they become coupled by light’s spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in certain exotic geometries and at the nanoscale. Here we reveal a manifestation of strong SOI in fibers engineered at the micro-scale and supporting the only known example of propagating light modes with non-integer mean OAM. This enables propagation of a record number (24) of states in a single optical fiber with low cross-talk (purity > 93%), even as tens-of-meters long fibers are bent, twisted or otherwise handled, as fibers are practically deployed. In addition to enabling the investigation of novel SOI effects, these light states represent the first ensemble with which mode count can be potentially arbitrarily scaled to satisfy the exponentially growing demands of high-performance data centers and supercomputers, or telecommunications network nodes. Fiber designs that can that can keep up with increasing data demands are lacking. Here, the authors describe an interaction between the spin and orbital angular momenta of light which enables propagation of 24 states in a single optical fiber with low cross-talk, even in the presence of fiber perturbation.
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30
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Shen Y, Wang X, Xie Z, Min C, Fu X, Liu Q, Gong M, Yuan X. Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:90. [PMID: 31645934 PMCID: PMC6804826 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been widely studied, inspired by the hydrodynamics sharing similar mathematics. Akin to a fluid vortex with a central flow singularity, an optical vortex beam has a phase singularity with a certain topological charge, giving rise to a hollow intensity distribution. Such a beam with helical phase fronts and orbital angular momentum reveals a subtle connection between macroscopic physical optics and microscopic quantum optics. These amazing properties provide a new understanding of a wide range of optical and physical phenomena, including twisting photons, spin-orbital interactions, Bose-Einstein condensates, etc., while the associated technologies for manipulating optical vortices have become increasingly tunable and flexible. Hitherto, owing to these salient properties and optical manipulation technologies, tunable vortex beams have engendered tremendous advanced applications such as optical tweezers, high-order quantum entanglement, and nonlinear optics. This article reviews the recent progress in tunable vortex technologies along with their advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Public Safety Risk Perception and Control by Big Data (NEL-PSRPC), China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology of CETC, China Electronic Technology Group Corporation, 100041 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Changjun Min
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Mali Gong
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
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31
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Li S, Nong Z, Wu X, Yu W, He M, Klitis C, Zhu Y, Gao S, Liu J, Li Z, Liu L, Sorel M, Yu S, Cai X. Orbital angular momentum vector modes (de)multiplexer based on multimode micro-ring. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29895-29905. [PMID: 30469872 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing has emerged as an important method to increase the communication capacities in future optical information technologies. In this work, we demonstrate a silicon integrated OAM (de)multiplexer with a very simple structure. By simply tapping the evanescent wave of two different whispering gallery modes rotating inside a multimodal micro-ring resonator, four in-plane waveguide modes are converted to four free-space vector OAM beams with high mode purity. We further demonstrate chip-to-chip OAM multiplexing transmission using a pair of silicon devices, which shows low-level mode crosstalk and favorable link performance.
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