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Sun W, Justice I, Green EM. Defining Biological and Biochemical Functions of Noncanonical SET Domain Proteins. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168318. [PMID: 37863247 PMCID: PMC10957327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Within the SET domain superfamily of lysine methyltransferases, there is a well-conserved subfamily, frequently referred to as the Set3 SET domain subfamily, which contain noncanonical SET domains carrying divergent amino acid sequences. These proteins are implicated in diverse biological processes including stress responses, cell differentiation, and development, and their disruption is linked to diseases including cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. Interestingly, biochemical and structural analysis indicates that they do not possess catalytic methyltransferase activity. At the molecular level, Set3 SET domain proteins appear to play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression, particularly repression and heterochromatin maintenance, and in some cases, via scaffolding other histone modifying activities at chromatin. Here, we explore the common and unique functions among Set3 SET domain subfamily proteins and analyze what is known about the specific contribution of the conserved SET domain to functional roles of these proteins, as well as propose areas of investigation to improve understanding of this important, noncanonical subfamily of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winny Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Isabella Justice
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Erin M Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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2
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Liu X, Cai Z, Pei M, Zeng H, Yang L, Cao W, Zhou X, Chen F. Bacterial Cellulose-Based Bandages with Integrated Antibacteria and Electrical Stimulation for Advanced Wound Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302893. [PMID: 38060694 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Bandages for daily wounds are the most common medical supplies, but there are still ingrained defects in their appearance, comfort, functions, as well as environmental pollution. Here, novel bandages based on bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane for wound monitoring and advanced wound management are developed. The BC membrane is combined with silver nanowires (AgNWs) by using vacuum filtration method to achieve transparent, ultrathin (≈7 µm), breathable (389.98-547.79 g m-2 d-1 ), and sandwich-structured BC/AgNWs bandages with superior mechanical properties (108.45-202.35 MPa), antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, biocompatibility, and conductivity (9.8 × 103 -2.0 × 105 S m-1 ). Significantly, the BC/AgNWs bandage is used in the electrical stimulation (direct current, 600 microamperes for 1 h every other day) treatment of full-thickness skin defect in rats, which obviously promotes wound healing by increasing the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The BC bandage is used for monitoring wounds and achieve a high accuracy of 94.7% in classifying wound healing stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, by using a convolutional neural network. The outcomes of this study not only provide two BC-based bandages as multifunctional wound management, but also demonstrate a new strategy for the development of the next generation of smart bandage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuyun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Manman Pei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Baidu, Inc., 701 Naxian Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
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Ren J, Yu P, Liu S, Li R, Niu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Deubiquitylating Enzymes in Cancer and Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303807. [PMID: 37888853 PMCID: PMC10754134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) maintain relative homeostasis of the cellular ubiquitome by removing the post-translational modification ubiquitin moiety from substrates. Numerous DUBs have been demonstrated specificity for cleaving a certain type of ubiquitin linkage or positions within ubiquitin chains. Moreover, several DUBs perform functions through specific protein-protein interactions in a catalytically independent manner, which further expands the versatility and complexity of DUBs' functions. Dysregulation of DUBs disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of ubiquitome and causes various diseases, especially cancer and immune disorders. This review summarizes the Janus-faced roles of DUBs in cancer including proteasomal degradation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as in immunity involving innate immune receptor signaling and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The prospects and challenges for the clinical development of DUB inhibitors are further discussed. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faced roles of DUBs in cancer and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ren
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug DiscoveryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesZhongshanGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Sijia Liu
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310058China
| | - Ran Li
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Xin Niu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450003P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
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4
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Chen L, Zhong S, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Hu G. Bmp4 in Zebrafish Enhances Antiviral Innate Immunity through p38 MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14444. [PMID: 37833891 PMCID: PMC10572509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of structurally and functionally related signaling molecules that comprise a subfamily, belonging to the TGF-β superfamily. Most BMPs play roles in the regulation of embryonic development, stem cell differentiation, tumor growth and some cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Although evidence is emerging for the antiviral immunity of a few BMPs, more BMPs are needed to determine whether this function is universal. Here, we identified the zebrafish bmp4 ortholog, whose expression is up-regulated through challenge with grass carp reovirus (GCRV) or its mimic poly(I:C). The overexpression of bmp4 in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells significantly decreased the viral titer of GCRV-infected cells. Moreover, compared to wild-type zebrafish, viral load and mortality were significantly increased in both larvae and adults of bmp4-/- mutant zebrafish infected with GCRV virus. We further demonstrated that Bmp4 promotes the phosphorylation of Tbk1 and Irf3 through the p38 MAPK pathway, thereby inducing the production of type I IFNs in response to virus infection. These data suggest that Bmp4 plays an important role in the host defense against virus infection. Our study expands the understanding of BMP protein functions and opens up new targets for the control of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Guobin Hu
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Tang X. STUB1/CHIP: New insights in cancer and immunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115190. [PMID: 37506582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The STUB1 gene (STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1), located at 16q13.3, encodes the CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein), an essential E3 ligase involved in protein quality control. CHIP comprises three domains: an N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, a middle coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal U-box domain. It functions as a co-chaperone for heat shock protein (HSP) via the TPR domain and as an E3 ligase, ubiquitinating substrates through its U-box domain. Numerous studies suggest that STUB1 plays a crucial role in various physiological process, such as aging, autophagy, and bone remodeling. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that STUB1 can degrade oncoproteins to exert tumor-suppressive functions, and it has recently emerged as a novel player in tumor immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of STUB1's role in cancer, including its clinical significance, impact on tumor progression, dual roles, tumor stem cell-like properties, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and DNA repair. In addition, we explore STUB1's functions in immune cell differentiation and maturation, inflammation, autoimmunity, antiviral immune response, and tumor immunity. Collectively, STUB1 represents a promising and valuable therapeutic target in cancer and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Zhao WB, Liu KK, Wang Y, Li FK, Guo R, Song SY, Shan CX. Antibacterial Carbon Dots: Mechanisms, Design, and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300324. [PMID: 37178318 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance promotes the situation of developing new antibiotics at the forefront, while the development of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals is equally significant. In the post-antibiotic era, nanomaterials with high antibacterial efficiency and no drug resistance make them attractive candidates for antibacterial materials. Carbon dots (CDs), as a kind of carbon-based zero-dimensional nanomaterial, are attracting much attention for their multifunctional properties. The abundant surface states, tunable photoexcited states, and excellent photo-electron transfer properties make sterilization of CDs feasible and are gradually emerging in the antibacterial field. This review provides comprehensive insights into the recent development of CDs in the antibacterial field. The topics include mechanisms, design, and optimization processes, and their potential practical applications are also highlighted, such as treatment of bacterial infections, against bacterial biofilms, antibacterial surfaces, food preservation, and bacteria imaging and detection. Meanwhile, the challenges and outlook of CDs in the antibacterial field are discussed and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fu-Kui Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shi-Yu Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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7
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Li YJ, Li CY, Li CY, Hu DX, Xv ZB, Zhang SH, Li Q, Zhang P, Tian B, Lan XL, Chen XQ. KMT2E Haploinsufficiency Manifests Autism-Like Behaviors and Amygdala Neuronal Development Dysfunction in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1609-1625. [PMID: 36534336 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction skills. Whole exome sequencing has identified loss-of-function mutations in lysine methyltransferase 2E (KMT2E, also named MLL5) in ASD patients and it is listed as an ASD high-risk gene in humans. However, experimental evidence of KMT2E in association with ASD-like manifestations or neuronal function is still missing. Relying on KMT2E+/- mice, through animal behavior analyses, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and neuronal morphological analyses, we explored the role of KMT2E haploinsufficiency in ASD-like symptoms. Behavioral results revealed that KMT2E haploinsufficiency was sufficient to produce social deficit, accompanied by anxiety in mice. Whole-brain 18F-FDG-PET analysis identified that relative amygdala glycometabolism was selectively decreased in KMT2E+/- mice compared to wild-type mice. The numbers and soma sizes of amygdala neurons in KMT2E+/- mice were prominently increased. Additionally, KMT2E mRNA levels in human amygdala were significantly decreased after birth during brain development. Our findings support a causative role of KMT2E in ASD development and suggest that amygdala neuronal development abnormality is likely a major underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Dian-Xing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Xv
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Shu-Han Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Xiao-Li Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China.
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Implications of Transglutaminase-Mediated Protein Serotonylation in the Epigenetic Landscape, Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041332. [PMID: 36831672 PMCID: PMC9954789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the case of small-cell lung carcinoma, the highly metastatic nature of the disease and the propensity for several chromatin modifiers to harbor mutations suggest that epigenetic manipulation may also be a promising route for oncotherapy, but histone deacetylase inhibitors on their own do not appear to be particularly effective, suggesting that there may be other regulatory parameters that dictate the effectiveness of vorinostat's reversal of histone deacetylation. Recent discoveries that serotonylation of histone H3 alters the permissibility of gene expression have led to renewed attention to this rare modification, as facilitated by transglutaminase 2, and at the same time introduce new questions about whether this modification belongs to a part of the concerted cohort of regulator events for modulating the epigenetic landscape. This review explores the mechanistic details behind protein serotonylation and its possible connections to the epigenome via histone modifications and glycan interactions and attempts to elucidate the role of transglutaminase 2, such that optimizations to existing histone deacetylase inhibitor designs or combination therapies may be devised for lung and other types of cancer.
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Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen J, Guo Z, Liu Y, Hua H. Exploiting RIG-I-like receptor pathway for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:8. [PMID: 36755342 PMCID: PMC9906624 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors that detect viral or bacterial infection and induce host innate immune responses. The RLRs family comprises retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) that have distinctive features. These receptors not only recognize RNA intermediates from viruses and bacteria, but also interact with endogenous RNA such as the mislocalized mitochondrial RNA, the aberrantly reactivated repetitive or transposable elements in the human genome. Evasion of RLRs-mediated immune response may lead to sustained infection, defective host immunity and carcinogenesis. Therapeutic targeting RLRs may not only provoke anti-infection effects, but also induce anticancer immunity or sensitize "immune-cold" tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RLRs signaling and discuss the rationale for therapeutic targeting RLRs in cancer. We describe how RLRs can be activated by synthetic RNA, oncolytic viruses, viral mimicry and radio-chemotherapy, and how the RNA agonists of RLRs can be systemically delivered in vivo. The integration of RLRs agonism with RNA interference or CAR-T cells provides new dimensions that complement cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we update the progress of recent clinical trials for cancer therapy involving RLRs activation and immune modulation. Further studies of the mechanisms underlying RLRs signaling will shed new light on the development of cancer therapeutics. Manipulation of RLRs signaling represents an opportunity for clinically relevant cancer therapy. Addressing the challenges in this field will help develop future generations of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfu Jiang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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10
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Huang S, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Huang J, Jia R. Viruses utilize ubiquitination systems to escape TLR/RLR-mediated innate immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1065211. [PMID: 36505476 PMCID: PMC9732732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1065211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When the viruses invade the body, they will be recognized by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll like receptor (TLR) or retinoic acid-induced gene-I like receptor (RLR), thus causing the activation of downstream antiviral signals to resist the virus invasion. The cross action between ubiquitination and proteins in these signal cascades enhances the antiviral signal. On the contrary, more and more viruses have also been found to use the ubiquitination system to inhibit TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity. Therefore, this review summarizes how the ubiquitination system plays a regulatory role in TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity, and how viruses use the ubiquitination system to complete immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Renyong Jia,
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11
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Qiu J, Shu C, Li X, Zhang WC. PAQR3 depletion accelerates diabetic wound healing by promoting angiogenesis through inhibiting STUB1-mediated PPARγ degradation. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1121-1131. [PMID: 36775352 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic wounds is closely associated with the dysregulation of macrophage polarization. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential effects of PAQR3 (progestin and adipoQ receptor 3) silencing in accelerating diabetic wound healing. We showed that PAQR3 silencing promoted skin wound healing and angiogenesis in diabetic mice, which was accompanied by enhanced M2 macrophage polarization and elevated expression of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ). PAQR3 silencing also promoted M2 polarization and increased PPARγ protein level in PMA-treated THP-1 cells. Moreover, knockdown of PAQR3 in macrophages enhanced the migration of HaCaT cells and tube formation of HUVECs. The ubiquitination of PPARγ protein in macrophages was repressed by PAQR3 silencing. STUB1 (STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1) binds with the PPARγ protein to mediate PPARγ ubiquitination and degradation in macrophages, which was impaired by PAQR3 silencing. The PPARγ inhibitor, GW9662, or STUB1 overexpression abrogated the enhanced M2 macrophage polarization induced by PAQR3 silencing. Therefore, these findings demonstrates that PAQR3 silencing accelerates diabetic wound healing by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and angiogenesis, which is mediated by the inhibition of STUB1-mediated PPARγ protein ubiquitination and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Chang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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12
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Ng S, Lim S, Sim ACN, Mangadu R, Lau A, Zhang C, Martinez SB, Chandramohan A, Lim UM, Ho SSW, Chang SC, Gopal P, Hong LZ, Schwaid A, Fernandis AZ, Loboda A, Li C, Phan U, Henry B, Partridge AW. STUB1 is an intracellular checkpoint for interferon gamma sensing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14087. [PMID: 35982220 PMCID: PMC9388626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) leads to durable and complete tumour regression in some patients but in others gives temporary, partial or no response. Accordingly, significant efforts are underway to identify tumour-intrinsic mechanisms underlying ICB resistance. Results from a published CRISPR screen in a mouse model suggested that targeting STUB1, an E3 ligase involved in protein homeostasis, may overcome ICB resistance but the molecular basis of this effect remains unclear. Herein, we report an under-appreciated role of STUB1 to dampen the interferon gamma (IFNγ) response. Genetic deletion of STUB1 increased IFNGR1 abundance on the cell surface and thus enhanced the downstream IFNγ response as showed by multiple approaches including Western blotting, flow cytometry, qPCR, phospho-STAT1 assay, immunopeptidomics, proteomics, and gene expression profiling. Human prostate and breast cancer cells with STUB1 deletion were also susceptible to cytokine-induced growth inhibition. Furthermore, blockade of STUB1 protein function recapitulated the STUB1-null phenotypes. Despite these encouraging in vitro data and positive implications from clinical datasets, we did not observe in vivo benefits of inactivating Stub1 in mouse syngeneic tumour models-with or without combination with anti-PD-1 therapy. However, our findings elucidate STUB1 as a barrier to IFNγ sensing, prompting further investigations to assess if broader inactivation of human STUB1 in both tumors and immune cells could overcome ICB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ng
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuhui Lim
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ruban Mangadu
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ally Lau
- Target & Pathway Biology, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - U-Ming Lim
- Target & Pathway Biology, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Pooja Gopal
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lewis Z Hong
- Translational Biomarkers, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam Schwaid
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Cai Li
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Uyen Phan
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Henry
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, Singapore, Singapore.
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13
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Ng S, Brueckner AC, Bahmanjah S, Deng Q, Johnston JM, Ge L, Duggal R, Habulihaz B, Barlock B, Ha S, Sadruddin A, Yeo C, Strickland C, Peier A, Henry B, Sherer EC, Partridge AW. Discovery and Structure-Based Design of Macrocyclic Peptides Targeting STUB1. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9789-9801. [PMID: 35853179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that deletion of STUB1─a pivotal negative regulator of interferon-γ sensing─may potentially clear malignant cells. However, current studies rely primarily on genetic approaches, as pharmacological inhibitors of STUB1 are lacking. Identifying a tool compound will be a step toward validating the target in a broader therapeutic sense. Herein, screening more than a billion macrocyclic peptides resulted in STUB1 binders, which were further optimized by a structure-enabled in silico design. The strategy to replace the macrocyclic peptides' hydrophilic and solvent-exposed region with a hydrophobic scaffold improved cellular permeability while maintaining the binding conformation. Further substitution of the permeability-limiting terminal aspartic acid with a tetrazole bioisostere retained the binding to a certain extent while improving permeability, suggesting a path forward. Although not optimal for cellular study, the current lead provides a valuable template for further development into selective tool compounds for STUB1 to enable target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ng
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, 8 Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138665
| | - Alexander C Brueckner
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Soheila Bahmanjah
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jennifer M Johnston
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lan Ge
- Cell Sciences Innovation, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ruchia Duggal
- ADME Group 2, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bahanu Habulihaz
- PPDM ADME Transporters & In Vitro Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Benjamin Barlock
- ADME Group 2, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sookhee Ha
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ahmad Sadruddin
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, 8 Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138665
| | - Constance Yeo
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, 8 Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138665
| | - Corey Strickland
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrea Peier
- Screening & Compound Profiling, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian Henry
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, 8 Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138665
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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14
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Mamun MMA, Khan MR, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Xu R, Bukhari I, Thorne RF, Li J, Zhang XD, Liu G, Chen S, Wu M, Song X. Stub1 maintains proteostasis of master transcription factors in embryonic stem cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110919. [PMID: 35675767 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotency and differentiation states of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are regulated by a set of core transcription factors, primarily Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. Although their transcriptional regulation has been studied extensively, the contribution of posttranslational modifications in Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog are poorly understood. Here, using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library screen in murine ESCs, we identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase Stub1 as a negative regulator of pluripotency. Manipulation of Stub1 expression in murine ESCs shows that ectopic Stub1 expression significantly reduces the protein half-life of Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. Mechanistic investigations reveal Stub1 catalyzes the polyubiquitination and 26S proteasomal degradation of Sox2 and Nanog through K48-linked ubiquitin chains and Oct4 via K63 linkage. Stub1 deficiency positively enhances somatic cell reprogramming and delays differentiation, whereas its enforced expression triggers ESC differentiation. The discovery of Stub1 as an integral pluripotency regulator strengthens our understanding of ESC regulation beyond conventional transcriptional control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuz Al Mamun
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8 Canada
| | - Yifu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ran Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2258, Australia
| | - Jinming Li
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China.
| | - Mian Wu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou 450003, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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15
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Zhang X, Zhang BW, Xiang L, Wu H, Sahiri Alexander SUPITA, Zhou P, Zi-Yu Dai M, Wang X, Xiong W, Zhang Y, Jin ZB, Deng LW. MLL5 is involved in retinal photoreceptor maturation through facilitating CRX-mediated photoreceptor gene transactivation. iScience 2022; 25:104058. [PMID: 35359806 PMCID: PMC8961232 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation, particularly at the H3K4 position, is thought to contribute to the specification of photoreceptor cell fate; however, the mechanisms linking histone methylation with transcription factor transactivation and photoreceptor gene expression have not yet been determined. Here, we demonstrate that MLL5 is abundantly expressed in the mouse retina. Mll5 deficiency impaired electroretinogram responses, alongside attenuated expression of a number of retina genes. Mechanistic studies revealed that MLL5 interacts with the retina-specific transcription factor, CRX, contributing to its binding to photoreceptor-specific gene promoters. Moreover, depletion of MLL5 impairs H3K4 methylation and H3K79 methylation, which subsequently compromises CRX-CBP assembly and H3 acetylation on photoreceptor promoters. Our data support a scenario in which recognition of H3K4 methylation by MLL5 is required for photoreceptor-specific gene transcription through maintaining a permissive chromatin state and proper CRX-CBP recruitment at promoter sites. MLL5 is essential for the expression of critical photoreceptor genes MLL5 depletion reduces H3K4/K79 methylation at photoreceptor gene promoters MLL5 interacts with CRX via its CD4 domain Recognition of H3K4me2/3 by MLL5 is a prerequisite for CRX recruitment to chromatin
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16
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Cao Z, Wang C, Chen J, Guo H, Wu C, Zhang G, Ding L. Case Report: A Novel KMT2E Splice Site Variant as a Cause of O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan Syndrome in a Male Patient. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:822096. [PMID: 35273928 PMCID: PMC8901719 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.822096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan (ODLURO) syndrome is an autosomal dominant systemic disorder characterized by global developmental delay caused by mutations in the KMT2E gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of KMT2E mutations as a cause of ODLURO syndrome in a Chinese boy. METHODS We reported the clinical course of a Chinese boy who was diagnosed with ODLURO syndrome by the whole exome sequencing. We extracted genomic DNA of the proband and parents, gene variations were screened using whole-exome sequencing, followed by validation using direct Sanger sequencing. The effect of mRNA splicing variants were analyzed through a minigene splice assay and in vitro reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS The proband presented with recurrent seizures and developmental delay. Using genetic analysis, we identified that the proband carried a de novo heterozygous splicing variant (c.1248+1G>T) in the KMT2E gene. In vivo transcript analysis showed that the proband did not carry any KMT2E mRNA transcript, while a specific exon11-exon13 (440 bp) transcript was detected in the unaffected parents. The in vitro minigene splice assay conducted in HEK293 cells confirmed that the c.1248+1G>T variant resulted in exon 12 skipping, which in turn caused an alteration in KMT2E mRNA splicing. The mutant transcript created a premature stop codon at the 378 amino acid position that could have been caused nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). CONCLUSION We verified the pathogenic effect of the KMT2E c.1248+1G>T splicing variant, which disturbed normal mRNA splicing and caused mRNA decay. Our findings suggest that splice variants play an important role in the molecular basis of ODLURO, and that careful molecular profiling of these patients could play an essential role in tailoring of personalized treatment options soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Ding
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Qian G, Zhu L, Li G, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Pan J, Lv H. An Integrated View of Deubiquitinating Enzymes Involved in Type I Interferon Signaling, Host Defense and Antiviral Activities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742542. [PMID: 34707613 PMCID: PMC8542838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases pose a great challenge to human health around the world. Type I interferons (IFN-Is) function as the first line of host defense and thus play critical roles during virus infection by mediating the transcriptional induction of hundreds of genes. Nevertheless, overactive cytokine immune responses also cause autoimmune diseases, and thus, tight regulation of the innate immune response is needed to achieve viral clearance without causing excessive immune responses. Emerging studies have recently uncovered that the ubiquitin system, particularly deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), plays a critical role in regulating innate immune responses. In this review, we highlight recent advances on the diverse mechanisms of human DUBs implicated in IFN-I signaling. These DUBs function dynamically to calibrate host defenses against various virus infections by targeting hub proteins in the IFN-I signaling transduction pathway. We also present a future perspective on the roles of DUB-substrate interaction networks in innate antiviral activities, discuss the promises and challenges of DUB-based drug development, and identify the open questions that remain to be clarified. Our review provides a comprehensive description of DUBs, particularly their differential mechanisms that have evolved in the host to regulate IFN-I-signaling-mediated antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Qian
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Department of Experimental Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gen Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zimu Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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18
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Ebstein F, Küry S, Papendorf JJ, Krüger E. Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) Caused by Genomic Alterations of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS): the Possible Contribution of Immune Dysregulation to Disease Pathogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:733012. [PMID: 34566579 PMCID: PMC8455891 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.733012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thirty years have passed since the first description of ubiquitin-positive structures in the brain of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Meanwhile, the intracellular accumulation of ubiquitin-modified insoluble protein aggregates has become an indisputable hallmark of neurodegeneration. However, the role of ubiquitin and a fortiori the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) is much less described. In this article, we review all reported monogenic forms of NDD caused by lesions in genes coding for any component of the UPS including ubiquitin-activating (E1), -conjugating (E2) enzymes, ubiquitin ligases (E3), ubiquitin hydrolases, and ubiquitin-like modifiers as well as proteasome subunits. Strikingly, our analysis revealed that a vast majority of these proteins have a described function in the negative regulation of the innate immune response. In this work, we hypothesize a possible involvement of autoinflammation in NDD pathogenesis. Herein, we discuss the parallels between immune dysregulation and neurodevelopment with the aim at improving our understanding the biology of NDD and providing knowledge required for the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ebstein
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sébastien Küry
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France.,l'Institut du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jonas Johannes Papendorf
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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19
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RACK1 degrades MAVS to promote bovine ephemeral fever virus replication via upregulating E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1. Vet Microbiol 2021; 257:109096. [PMID: 33940459 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) could competitively combine with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to inhibit the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway during viral infection in vitro. However, whether RACK1 can degrade MAVS to enhance viral replication is still unknown. In this study, we found that bovine epidemic fever virus (BEFV) infection triggered the expression of RACK1. Overexpression of RACK1 promoted BEFV replication, while knockdown of RACK1 inhibited the replication of BEFV. Further research showed that RACK1 inhibited the type I IFN signaling pathway during BEFV infection by degrading MAVS, and RACK1 degraded MAVS via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Mechanistically, RACK1 up-regulated the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 (STUB1), thereby promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of MAVS. In addition, RACK1 degraded MAVS by enhancing the interaction between STUB1 and MAVS but not via its interaction with STUB1. Overall, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which RACK1 inhibits the type I IFN signaling pathway to BEFV infection through degradation of MAVS, thereby promoting viral infection. These findings provide a new perspective for the MAVS degradation regulated by RACK1.
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20
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Budroni V, Versteeg GA. Negative Regulation of the Innate Immune Response through Proteasomal Degradation and Deubiquitination. Viruses 2021; 13:584. [PMID: 33808506 PMCID: PMC8066222 DOI: 10.3390/v13040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and dynamic activation of the innate immune system is achieved through complex signaling networks regulated by post-translational modifications modulating the subcellular localization, activity, and abundance of signaling molecules. Many constitutively expressed signaling molecules are present in the cell in inactive forms, and become functionally activated once they are modified with ubiquitin, and, in turn, inactivated by removal of the same post-translational mark. Moreover, upon infection resolution a rapid remodeling of the proteome needs to occur, ensuring the removal of induced response proteins to prevent hyperactivation. This review discusses the current knowledge on the negative regulation of innate immune signaling pathways by deubiquitinating enzymes, and through degradative ubiquitination. It focusses on spatiotemporal regulation of deubiquitinase and E3 ligase activities, mechanisms for re-establishing proteostasis, and degradation through immune-specific feedback mechanisms vs. general protein quality control pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gijs A. Versteeg
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria;
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21
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Bmp8a is an essential positive regulator of antiviral immunity in zebrafish. Commun Biol 2021; 4:318. [PMID: 33750893 PMCID: PMC7943762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a kind of classical multi-functional growth factor that plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels, and the regulation of adipogenesis and thermogenesis. However, understanding of the role of BMPs in antiviral immunity is still limited. Here we demonstrate that Bmp8a is a newly-identified positive regulator for antiviral immune responses. The bmp8a−/− zebrafish, when infected with viruses, show reduced antiviral immunity and increased viral load and mortality. We also show for the first time that Bmp8a interacts with Alk6a, which promotes the phosphorylation of Tbk1 and Irf3 through p38 MAPK pathway, and induces the production of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infection. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of Bmp8a in regulation of antiviral immune responses and provides a target for controlling viral infection. Zhang, Liu and colleagues identify the role of Bmp8a in antiviral immunity in zebrafish and provide mechanistic insight into its function. Bmp8a could serve as a future target for investigative studies of antiviral immune responses.
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22
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Onomoto K, Onoguchi K, Yoneyama M. Regulation of RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling: interaction between host and viral factors. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:539-555. [PMID: 33462384 PMCID: PMC7812568 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the human genome, RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, which contain N-terminal caspase recruitment domains, are activated upon the detection of viral RNAs in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. Activated RLRs induce downstream signaling via their interactions with mitochondrial antiviral signaling proteins and activate the production of type I and III interferons and inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have shown that RLR-mediated signaling is regulated by interactions with endogenous RNAs and host proteins, such as those involved in stress responses and posttranslational modifications. Since RLR-mediated cytokine production is also involved in the regulation of acquired immunity, the deregulation of RLR-mediated signaling is associated with autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. Moreover, RLR-mediated signaling might be involved in the aberrant cytokine production observed in coronavirus disease 2019. Since the discovery of RLRs in 2004, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the activation and regulation of RLR-mediated signaling pathways. Here, we review the recent advances in the understanding of regulated RNA recognition and signal activation by RLRs, focusing on the interactions between various host and viral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Onomoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Onoguchi
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan.
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23
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Zhu Q, Yu T, Gan S, Wang Y, Pei Y, Zhao Q, Pei S, Hao S, Yuan J, Xu J, Hou F, Wu X, Peng C, Wu P, Qin J, Xiao Y. TRIM24 facilitates antiviral immunity through mediating K63-linked TRAF3 ubiquitination. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151700. [PMID: 32324863 PMCID: PMC7336305 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an essential mechanism in the control of antiviral immunity upon virus infection. Here, we identify a series of ubiquitination-modulating enzymes that are modulated by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Notably, TRIM24 is down-regulated through direct transcriptional suppression induced by VSV-activated IRF3. Reducing or ablating TRIM24 compromises type I IFN (IFN-I) induction upon RNA virus infection and thus renders mice more sensitive to VSV infection. Mechanistically, VSV infection induces abundant TRIM24 translocation to mitochondria, where TRIM24 binds with TRAF3 and directly mediates K63-linked TRAF3 ubiquitination at K429/K436. This modification of TRAF3 enables its association with MAVS and TBK1, which consequently activates downstream antiviral signaling. Together, these findings establish TRIM24 as a critical positive regulator in controlling the activation of antiviral signaling and describe a previously unknown mechanism of TRIM24 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shucheng Gan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifan Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Pei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumeng Hao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fajian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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24
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Zong Z, Zhang Z, Wu L, Zhang L, Zhou F. The Functional Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Control of Innate Antiviral Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002484. [PMID: 33511009 PMCID: PMC7816709 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Innate antiviral immunity is the first line of host defense against invading viral pathogens. Immunity activation primarily relies on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Viral proteins or nucleic acids mainly engage three classes of PRRs: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). These receptors initiate a series of signaling cascades that lead to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN-I) in response to viral infection. This system requires precise regulation to avoid aberrant activation. Emerging evidence has unveiled the crucial roles that the ubiquitin system, especially deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), play in controlling immune responses. In this review, an overview of the most current findings on the function of DUBs in the innate antiviral immune pathways is provided. Insights into the role of viral DUBs in counteracting host immune responses are also provided. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of utilizing DUBs as therapeutic targets for infectious diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institute of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
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25
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Lee KH, Kim BC, Jeong CW, Ku JH, Kim HH, Kwak C. MLL5, a histone modifying enzyme, regulates androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer cells by recruiting co-regulators, HCF1 and SET1. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 33050986 PMCID: PMC7781910 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer, the androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor is a major regulator of cell proliferation and metastasis. To identify new AR regulators, we focused on Mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5), a histone-regulating enzyme, because significantly higher MLL5 expression was detected in prostate cancer tissues than in matching normal tissues. When we expressed shRNAs targeting MLL5 gene in prostate cancer cell line, the growth rate and AR activity were reduced compared to those in control cells, and migration ability of the knockdown cells was reduced significantly. To determine the molecular mechanisms of MLL5 on AR activity, we proved that AR physically interacted with MLL5 and other co-factors, including SET-1 and HCF-1, using an immunoprecipitation method. The chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed reduced binding of MLL5, co-factors, and AR enzymes to AR target gene promoters in MLL5 shRNA-expressing cells. Histone H3K4 methylation on the AR target gene promoters was reduced, and H3K9 methylation at the same site was increased in MLL5 knockdown cells. Finally, xenograft tumor formation revealed that reduction of MLL5 in prostate cancer cells retarded tumor growth. Our results thus demonstrate the important role of MLL5 as a new epigenetic regulator of AR in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byung-Chan Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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26
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Bu L, Wang H, Hou P, Guo S, He M, Xiao J, Li P, Zhong Y, Jia P, Cao Y, Liang G, Yang C, Chen L, Guo D, Li CM. The Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Parkin Inhibits Innate Antiviral Immunity Through K48-Linked Polyubiquitination of RIG-I and MDA5. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1926. [PMID: 32983119 PMCID: PMC7492610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first-line defense against antiviral or antimicrobial infection. RIG-I and MDA5, which mediate the recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids, are essential for production of type I interferons (IFN). Here, we identified mitochondrion depolarization inducer carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibited the response and antiviral activity of type I IFN during viral infection. Furthermore, we found that the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Parkin mediated mitophagy, thus negatively regulating the activation of RIG-I and MDA5. Parkin directly interacted with and catalyzed the K48-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of RIG-I and MDA5. Thus, we demonstrate that Parkin limits RLR-triggered innate immunity activation, suggesting Parkin as a potential therapeutic target for the control of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Bu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuting Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingshu Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongheng Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Penghui Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanzhan Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deyin Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Refolo G, Vescovo T, Piacentini M, Fimia GM, Ciccosanti F. Mitochondrial Interactome: A Focus on Antiviral Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:8. [PMID: 32117959 PMCID: PMC7033419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, proteomics has represented a valuable approach to elucidate key aspects in the regulation of type I/III interferons (IFNs) and autophagy, two main processes involved in the response to viral infection, to unveil the molecular strategies that viruses have evolved to counteract these processes. Besides their main metabolic roles, mitochondria are well recognized as pivotal organelles in controlling signaling pathways essential to restrain viral infections. In particular, a major role in antiviral defense is played by mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, an adaptor protein that coordinates the activation of IFN inducing pathways and autophagy at the mitochondrial level. Here, we provide an overview of how mass spectrometry-based studies of protein–protein interactions and post-translational modifications (PTMs) have fostered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the mitochondria-mediated antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Refolo
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vescovo
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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28
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Jain K, Fraser CS, Marunde MR, Parker MM, Sagum C, Burg JM, Hall N, Popova IK, Rodriguez KL, Vaidya A, Krajewski K, Keogh MC, Bedford MT, Strahl BD. Characterization of the plant homeodomain (PHD) reader family for their histone tail interactions. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:3. [PMID: 31980037 PMCID: PMC6979384 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-0328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers are central "readers" of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) with > 100 PHD finger-containing proteins encoded by the human genome. Many of the PHDs studied to date bind to unmodified or methylated states of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4). Additionally, many of these domains, and the proteins they are contained in, have crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression and cancer development. Despite this, the majority of PHD fingers have gone uncharacterized; thus, our understanding of how these domains contribute to chromatin biology remains incomplete. RESULTS We expressed and screened 123 of the annotated human PHD fingers for their histone binding preferences using reader domain microarrays. A subset (31) of these domains showed strong preference for the H3 N-terminal tail either unmodified or methylated at H3K4. These H3 readers were further characterized by histone peptide microarrays and/or AlphaScreen to comprehensively define their H3 preferences and PTM cross-talk. CONCLUSIONS The high-throughput approaches utilized in this study establish a compendium of binding information for the PHD reader family with regard to how they engage histone PTMs and uncover several novel reader domain-histone PTM interactions (i.e., PHRF1 and TRIM66). This study highlights the usefulness of high-throughput analyses of histone reader proteins as a means of understanding how chromatin engagement occurs biochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Caroline S Fraser
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Madison M Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Cari Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Krzysztof Krajewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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29
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Lee HC, Chathuranga K, Lee JS. Intracellular sensing of viral genomes and viral evasion. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31827068 PMCID: PMC6906418 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral infection, virus-derived cytosolic nucleic acids are recognized by host intracellular specific sensors. The efficacy of this recognition system is crucial for triggering innate host defenses, which then stimulate more specific adaptive immune responses against the virus. Recent studies show that signal transduction pathways activated by sensing proteins are positively or negatively regulated by many modulators to maintain host immune homeostasis. However, viruses have evolved several strategies to counteract/evade host immune reactions. These systems involve viral proteins that interact with host sensor proteins and prevent them from detecting the viral genome or from initiating immune signaling. In this review, we discuss key regulators of cytosolic sensor proteins and viral proteins based on experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Cheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
- Central Research Institute, Komipharm International Co., Ltd, Shiheung, 15094, Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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30
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Kumar A, Kumar H. Long noncoding RNA: TRIMming the viral load. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:843-845. [PMID: 31511644 PMCID: PMC6828744 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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31
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Brisse M, Ly H. Comparative Structure and Function Analysis of the RIG-I-Like Receptors: RIG-I and MDA5. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1586. [PMID: 31379819 PMCID: PMC6652118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5), collectively known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), are key protein sensors of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the form of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) motifs to induce expression of type 1 interferons (IFN1) (IFNα and IFNβ) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines during the early stage of viral infection. While RIG-I and MDA5 share many genetic, structural and functional similarities, there is increasing evidence that they can have significantly different strategies to recognize different pathogens, PAMPs, and in different host species. This review article discusses the similarities and differences between RIG-I and MDA5 from multiple perspectives, including their structures, evolution and functional relationships with other cellular proteins, their differential mechanisms of distinguishing between host and viral dsRNAs and interactions with host and viral protein factors, and their immunogenic signaling. A comprehensive comparative analysis can help inform future studies of RIG-I and MDA5 in order to fully understand their functions in order to optimize potential therapeutic approaches targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisse
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
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32
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Zheng Y, Gao C. E3 ubiquitin ligases, the powerful modulator of innate antiviral immunity. Cell Immunol 2019; 340:103915. [PMID: 31054776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During viral infection, the innate immune system represents the first defense line of the human body. The pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from the viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the host cell, especially from those of the immune cells. Sensing of PAMPs by PRRs elicits an elegant signal transduction system, ultimately leading to the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Ubiquitination, with its versatile functions, plays a central role in modulating almost every single step of this signaling cascade. Ubiquitin ligases, which catalyze different types of ubiquitination correlating with multiple functions, are the key participant in fine-tuning antiviral signal transduction. In this review, we focus on summarizing the ubiquitin ligases that regulate the key signaling molecules in antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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