1
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Pallaka MR, Simon SL. The glass transition and enthalpy recovery of polystyrene nanorods using Flash differential scanning calorimetry. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:124904. [PMID: 38533885 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The glass transition (Tg) behavior and enthalpy recovery of polystyrene nanorods within an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template (supported nanorods) and after removal from AAO (unsupported nanorods) is studied using Flash differential scanning calorimetry. Tg is found to be depressed relative to the bulk by 20 ± 2 K for 20 nm-diameter unsupported polystyrene (PS) nanorods at the slowest cooling rate and by 9 ± 1 K for 55 nm-diameter rods. On the other hand, bulk-like behavior is observed in the case of unsupported 350 nm-diameter nanorods and for all supported rods in AAO. The size-dependent Tg behavior of the PS unsupported nanorods compares well with results for ultrathin films when scaled using the volume/surface ratio. Enthalpy recovery was also studied for the 20 and 350 nm unsupported nanorods with evolution toward equilibrium found to be linear with logarithmic time. The rate of enthalpy recovery for the 350 nm rods was similar to that for the bulk, whereas the rate of recovery was enhanced for the 20 nm rods for down-jump sizes larger than 17 K. A relaxation map summarizes the behavior of the nanorods relative to the bulk and relative to that for the 20 nm-thick ultrathin film. Interestingly, the fragility of the 20 nm-diameter nanorod and the 20 nm ultrathin film are identical within the error of measurements, and when plotted vs departure from Tg (i.e., T - Tg), the relaxation maps of the two samples are identical in spite of the fact that the Tg is depressed 8 K more in the nanorod sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan R Pallaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Sindee L Simon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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2
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Hsu HP, Singh MK, Cang Y, Thérien-Aubin H, Mezger M, Berger R, Lieberwirth I, Fytas G, Kremer K. Free Standing Dry and Stable Nanoporous Polymer Films Made through Mechanical Deformation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207472. [PMID: 37096844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A new straight forward approach to create nanoporous polymer membranes with well defined average pore diameters is presented. The method is based on fast mechanical deformation of highly entangled polymer films at high temperatures and a subsequent quench far below the glass transition temperature Tg . The process is first designed generally by simulation and then verified for the example of polystyrene films. The methodology does not need any chemical processing, supporting substrate, or self assembly process and is solely based on polymer inherent entanglement effects. Pore diameters are of the order of ten polymer reptation tube diameters. The resulting membranes are stable over months at ambient conditions and display remarkable elastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ping Hsu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manjesh K Singh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Yu Cang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Héloïse Thérien-Aubin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Wien, 1090, Austria
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Fernández-Galiana Á, Bibikova O, Vilms Pedersen S, Stevens MM. Fundamentals and Applications of Raman-Based Techniques for the Design and Development of Active Biomedical Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2210807. [PMID: 37001970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an analytical method based on light-matter interactions that can interrogate the vibrational modes of matter and provide representative molecular fingerprints. Mediated by its label-free, non-invasive nature, and high molecular specificity, Raman-based techniques have become ubiquitous tools for in situ characterization of materials. This review comprehensively describes the theoretical and practical background of Raman spectroscopy and its advanced variants. The numerous facets of material characterization that Raman scattering can reveal, including biomolecular identification, solid-to-solid phase transitions, and spatial mapping of biomolecular species in bioactive materials, are highlighted. The review illustrates the potential of these techniques in the context of active biomedical material design and development by highlighting representative studies from the literature. These studies cover the use of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of both natural and synthetic biomaterials, including engineered tissue constructs, biopolymer systems, ceramics, and nanoparticle formulations, among others. To increase the accessibility and adoption of these techniques, the present review also provides the reader with practical recommendations on the integration of Raman techniques into the experimental laboratory toolbox. Finally, perspectives on how recent developments in plasmon- and coherently-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can propel Raman from underutilized to critical for biomaterial development are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Galiana
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Olga Bibikova
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Simon Vilms Pedersen
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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4
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Cang Y, Sainidou R, Rembert P, Magnabosco G, Still T, Vogel N, Graczykowski B, Fytas G. Origin of the Acoustic Bandgaps in Hypersonic Colloidal Phononics: The Role of the Elastic Impedance. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6575-6584. [PMID: 35997523 PMCID: PMC9442645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
How phonons propagate in nanostructures determines the
flow of
elastic and thermal energy in dielectric materials. However, a reliable
theoretical prediction of the phonon dispersion relation requires
experimental verification both near to and far from the Brillouin
zone of the nanostructure. We report on the experimental hypersonic
phonon dispersion of hard (SiO2) and soft (polymer) fcc
colloidal crystals infiltrated in liquid polydimethylsiloxane with
different elastic impedance contrast using Brillouin light spectroscopy.
We discuss the distinct differences with first-principles full elastodynamic
calculations involving a multiple-scattering theory. Interparticle
contacts strongly impact the long-wavelength speed of sound and the
nature of the particle vibration resonance-induced hybridization hypersonic
bandgap. The absence of the order-induced Bragg bandgap in SiO2 and its presence in soft opals cannot be fully accounted
for by the theory, limiting its predictive power. Bridging the elasticity
of the two colloidal crystals with suitable SiO2 core–shell
(polymer) particles reveals an unprecedented crossover behavior in
the dispersion relation. In view of many conversational parameters,
the control tuning of phonon propagation in soft matter-based hypersonic
phononics remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rebecca Sainidou
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Pascal Rembert
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Giulia Magnabosco
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Still
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FO.R.T.H, N. Plastira 100, /0013, Heraklion 71110, Greece
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5
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Zhu Z, Tsai CY, Zhao M, Baker J, Sue HJ. PMMA Nanocomposites Based on PMMA-Grafted α-Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplatelets. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Chia-Ying Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Mingzhen Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Joseph Baker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
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6
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Wang Z, Kim H, Secchi M, Montagna M, Furst EM, Djafari-Rouhani B, Fytas G. Quantization of Acoustic Modes in Dumbbell Nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:048003. [PMID: 35148122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.048003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational eigenmodes of dumbbell-shaped polystyrene nanoparticles are recorded by Brillouin light spectroscopy (BLS), and the full experimental spectra are calculated theoretically. Different from spheres with a degeneracy of (2l+1), with l being the angular momentum quantum number, the eigenmodes of dumbbells are either singly or doubly degenerate owing to their axial symmetry. The BLS spectrum reveals a new, low-frequency peak, which is attributed to the out-of-phase vibration of the two lobes of the dumbbell. The quantization of acoustic modes in these molecule-shaped dumbbell particles evolves from the primary colloidal spheres as the separation between the two lobes increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyuan Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute for Measurement and Automation, Division of Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems, Bundeswehr University Munich, Werner Heisenberg Weg 39, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Maria Secchi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Maurizio Montagna
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Eric M Furst
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Bahram Djafari-Rouhani
- Institut d'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMRCNRS 8520, Department of Physics, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59655, France
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
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7
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Liu S, Lv M, Li H, Wang S, Feng C, Wang X, Hu W, Wang W. Optical Imaging of the Molecular Mobility of Single Polystyrene Nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1267-1273. [PMID: 35014804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultrathin surface layer with extraordinary molecular mobility has been discovered and intensively investigated on thin-film polymer materials for decades. However, because of the lack of suitable characterization techniques, it remains largely unexplored whether such a surface mobile layer also exists on individual polymeric nanospheres. Here, we propose a thermal-optical imaging technique to determine the glass transition (Tg) and rubber-fluid transition (Tf) temperatures of single isolated polystyrene nanospheres (PSNS) in a high-throughput and nonintrusive manner for the first time. Two distinct steps, corresponding to the glass transition and rubber-fluid transition, respectively, were clearly observed in the optical trace of single PSNS during temperature ramping. Because the transition temperature and size of the same individuals were both determined, single nanoparticle measurements revealed the reduced apparent Tf and increased Tg of single PSNS on the gold substrate with a decreasing radius from 130 to 70 nm. Further experiments revealed that the substrate effect played an important role in the increased Tg. More importantly, a gradual decrease in the optical signal was detected prior to the glass transition, which was consistent with a surface layer with enhanced molecular mobility. Quantitative analysis further revealed the thickness of this layer to be ∼8 nm. This work not only uncovered the existence and thickness of a surface mobile layer in single isolated nanospheres but also demonstrated a general bottom-up strategy to investigate the structure-property relationship of polymeric nanomaterials by correlating the thermal property (Tg and Tf) and structural features (size) at single nanoparticle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengqi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengdong Feng
- State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Wang J, Kang E, Sultan U, Merle B, Inayat A, Graczykowski B, Fytas G, Vogel N. Influence of Surfactant-Mediated Interparticle Contacts on the Mechanical Stability of Supraparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:23445-23456. [PMID: 34737841 PMCID: PMC8558861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal supraparticles are micron-scale spherical assemblies of uniform primary particles, which exhibit emergent properties of a colloidal crystal, yet exist as a dispersible powder. A prerequisite to utilize these emergent functionalities is that the supraparticles maintain their mechanical integrity upon the mechanical impacts that are likely to occur during processing. Understanding how the internal structure relates to the resultant mechanical properties of a supraparticle is therefore of general interest. Here, we take the example of supraparticles templated from water/fluorinated oil emulsions in droplet-based microfluidics and explore the effect of surfactants on their mechanical properties. Stable emulsions can be generated by nonionic block copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic and fluorophilic block and anionic fluorosurfactants widely available under the brand name Krytox. The supraparticles formed in the presence of both types of surfactants appear structurally similar, but differ greatly in their mechanical properties. While the nonionic surfactant induces superior mechanical stability and ductile fracture behavior, the anionic Krytox surfactant leads to weak supraparticles with brittle fracture. We complement this macroscopic picture with Brillouin light spectroscopy that is very sensitive to the interparticle contacts for subnanometer-thick adsorbed layers atop of the nanoparticle. While the anionic Krytox does not significantly affect the interparticle bonds, the amphiphilic nonionic surfactant drastically strengthens these bonds to the point that individual particle vibrations are not resolved in the experimental spectrum. Our results demonstrate that seemingly subtle changes in the physicochemical properties of supraparticles can drastically impact the resultant mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eunsoo Kang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Umair Sultan
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benoit Merle
- Materials
Science and Engineering I and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured
Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Inayat
- Institute
of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- E-mail:
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9
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Randazzo K, Bartkiewicz M, Graczykowski B, Cangialosi D, Fytas G, Zuo B, Priestley RD. Direct Visualization and Characterization of Interfacially Adsorbed Polymer atop Nanoparticles and within Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Randazzo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, 20018, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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10
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Noual A, Kang E, Maji T, Gkikas M, Djafari-Rouhani B, Fytas G. Optomechanic Coupling in Ag Polymer Nanocomposite Films. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:14854-14864. [PMID: 34295447 PMCID: PMC8287562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Particle vibrational spectroscopy has emerged as a new tool for the measurement of elasticity, glass transition, and interactions at a nanoscale. For colloid-based materials, however, the weakly localized particle resonances in a fluid or solid medium renders their detection difficult. The strong amplification of the inelastic light scattering near surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) allowed not only the detection of single NP eigenvibrations but also the interparticle interaction effects on the acoustic vibrations of NPs mediated by strong optomechanical coupling. The "rattling" and quadrupolar modes of Ag/polymer and polymer-grafted Ag NPs with different diameters in their assemblies are probed by Brillouin light spectroscopy (BLS). We present thorough theoretical 3D calculations for anisotropic Ag elasticity to quantify the frequency and intensity of the "rattling" mode and hence its BLS activity for different interparticle separations and matrix rigidity. Theoretically, a liquidlike environment, e.g., poly(isobutylene) (PIB) does not support rattling vibration of Ag dimers but unexpectedly hardening of the extremely confined graft melt renders both activation of the former and a frequency blue shift of the fundamental quadrupolar mode in the grafted nanoparticle Ag@PIB film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Noual
- Faculté
Pluridisciplinaire Nador, LPMR, Université
Mohammed Premier, Oujda BP 717-60 000, Morocco
| | - Eunsoo Kang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Tanmoy Maji
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Manos Gkikas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Bahram Djafari-Rouhani
- Institut
d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie
(IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520, Department of Physics, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq 59655, France
| | - George Fytas
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
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11
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Cang Y, Liu B, Das S, Xu X, Xie J, Deng X, Fytas G. Surface contacts strongly influence the elasticity and thermal conductivity of silica nanoparticle fibers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3707-3715. [PMID: 33398320 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05377e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Granular materials are often encountered in science and engineering disciplines, in which controlling the particle contacts is one of the critical issues for the design, engineering, and utilization of their desired properties. The achievable rapid fabrication of nanoparticles with tunable physical and chemical properties facilitates tailoring the macroscopic properties of particle assemblies through contacts at the nanoscale. Models have been developed to predict the mechanical properties of macroscopic granular materials; however, their predicted power in the case of nanoparticle assemblies is still uncertain. Here, we investigate the influence of nanocontacts on the elasticity and thermal conductivity of a granular fiber comprised of close-packed silica nanoparticles. A complete elastic moduli characterization was realized by non-contact and non-destructive Brillouin light spectroscopy, which also allowed resolving the stiffness of the constituent particles in situ. In the framework of effective medium models, the strong enhancement of the elastic moduli is attributed to the formation of adhesive nanocontacts with physical and/or chemical bondings. The nanoparticle contacts are also responsible for the increase in the fiber thermal conductivity that emphasizes the role of interface thermal resistance, which tends to be ignored in most porosity models. This insight into the fundamental understanding of structure-property relationships advances knowledge on the manipulation of granular systems at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, 100 Zhangwu Road, 200092, Shanghai, China and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Bohai Liu
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sudatta Das
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Xiangfan Xu
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jingli Xie
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Midya J, Rubinstein M, Kumar SK, Nikoubashman A. Structure of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Melts. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15505-15516. [PMID: 33084300 PMCID: PMC8056455 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of neat melts of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (GNPs) is studied via coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. We systematically vary the degree of polymerization and grafting density at fixed nanoparticle (NP) radius and study in detail the shape and size of the GNP coronas. For sufficiently high grafting density, chain sections close to the NP core are extended and form a dry layer. Further away from the NP, there is an interpenetration layer, where the polymer coronas of neighboring GNPs overlap and the chain sections have almost unperturbed conformations. To better understand this partitioning, we develop a two-layer model, representing the grafted polymer around an NP by spherical dry and interpenetration layers. This model quantitatively predicts that the thicknesses of the two layers depend on one universal parameter, x, the degree of overcrowding of grafted chains relative to chains in the melt. Both simulations and theory show that the chain extension free energy is nonmonotonic with increasing chain length at a fixed grafting density, with a well-defined maximum. This maximum is indicative of the crossover from the dry layer-dominated to interpenetration layer-dominated regime, and it could have profound consequences on our understanding of a variety of anomalous transport properties of these GNPs. Our theoretical approach therefore provides a facile means for understanding and designing solvent-free GNP-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarul Midya
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0300, USA
| | - Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Babacic V, Varghese J, Coy E, Kang E, Pochylski M, Gapinski J, Fytas G, Graczykowski B. Mechanical reinforcement of polymer colloidal crystals by supercritical fluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:786-793. [PMID: 32673855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal crystals realized by self-assembled polymer nanoparticles have prominent attraction as a platform for various applications from assembling photonic and phononic crystals, acoustic metamaterials to coating applications. However, the fragility of these systems limits their application horizon. In this work the uniform mechanical reinforcement and tunability of 3D polystyrene colloidal crystals by means of cold soldering are reported. This structural strengthening is achieved by high pressure gas (N2 or Ar) plasticization at temperatures well below the glass transition. Brillouin light scattering is employed to monitor in-situ the mechanical vibrations of the crystal and thereby determine preferential pressure, temperature and time ranges for soldering, i.e. formation of physical bonding among the nanoparticles while maintaining the shape and translational order. This low-cost method is potentially useful for fabrication and tuning of durable devices including applications in photonics, phononics, acoustic metamaterials, optomechanics, surface coatings and nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visnja Babacic
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jeena Varghese
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Eunsoo Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mikolaj Pochylski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Gapinski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Glass transition and fragility of nanosized polymeric fibers and spheres predicted from a surface-controlled model. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Singh M, Hu M, Cang Y, Hsu HP, Therien-Aubin H, Koynov K, Fytas G, Landfester K, Kremer K. Glass Transition of Disentangled and Entangled Polymer Melts: Single-Chain-Nanoparticles Approach. Macromolecules 2020; 53:7312-7321. [PMID: 32921812 PMCID: PMC7482400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of entanglements on the glass transition of high molecular weight polymers, by the comparison of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) and equilibrated melts of high-molecular weight polystyrene of identical molecular weight. SCNPs were prepared by electrospraying technique and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry, Brillouin light spectroscopy, and rheological experiments around the glass transition were compared. In parallel, entangled and disentangled polymer melts were also compared under cooling from molecular dynamics simulations based on a bead-spring polymer model. While experiments suggest a small decrease in the glass transition temperature of films of nanoparticles in comparison to entangled melts, simulations do not observe any significant difference, despite rather different chain conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minghan Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu Cang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hsiao-Ping Hsu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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16
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Ishihara M, Kaeda T, Sasaki T. Silica/polymer core–shell particles prepared via soap-free emulsion polymerization. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, core–shell particles were prepared as a hybrid material, in which a thin polymer shell was formed on the surface of the SiO2 sphere particles. The core–shell structure was successfully achieved without adding a surfactant via simple free-radical polymerization (soap-free emulsion polymerization) for various monomers of styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and their derivatives. MMA formed thin homogeneous shells of polymer (PMMA) less than 100 nm in thickness with complete surface coverage and a very smooth shell surface. The obtained shell morphology strongly depended on the monomers, which suggests different shell formation mechanisms with respect to the monomers. It was found that the cross-linking monomer 1,4-divinylbenzene tends to promote shell formation, and the cross-linking reaction may stabilize the core–shell structure throughout radical polymerization. It should also be noted that the present method produced a considerable amount of pure polymer besides the core–shell particles. The glass transition temperatures of the obtained polymer shells were higher than those of the corresponding bulk materials. This result suggests strong interactions at the core–shell interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ishihara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui , 910 8507 , Japan
| | - Tomofumi Kaeda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui , 910 8507 , Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui , 910 8507 , Japan
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17
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Graczykowski B, Vogel N, Bley K, Butt HJ, Fytas G. Multiband Hypersound Filtering in Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals: Adhesion, Resonances, and Periodicity. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1883-1889. [PMID: 32017578 PMCID: PMC7068716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The hypersonic phonon propagation in large-area two-dimensional colloidal crystals is probed by spontaneous micro Brillouin light scattering. The dispersion relation of thermally populated Lamb waves reveals multiband filtering due to three distinct types of acoustic band gaps. We find Bragg gaps accompanied by two types of hybridization gaps in both sub- and superwavelength regimes resulting from contact-based resonances and nanoparticle eigenmodes, respectively. The operating GHz frequencies can be tuned by particle size and depend on the adhesion at the contact interfaces. The experimental dispersion relations are well represented by a finite element method model enabling identification of observed modes. The presented approach also allows for contactless study of the contact stiffness of submicrometer particles, which reveals size effect deviating from macroscopic predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty
of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karina Bley
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Bishop C, Li Y, Toney MF, Yu L, Ediger MD. Molecular Orientation for Vapor-Deposited Organic Glasses Follows Rate-Temperature Superposition: The Case of Posaconazole. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2505-2513. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yuhui Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Lian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Ooe M, Miyata K, Yoshioka J, Fukao K, Nemoto F, Yamada NL. Direct observation of mobility of thin polymer layers via asymmetric interdiffusion using neutron reflectivity measurements. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244905. [PMID: 31893884 DOI: 10.1063/1.5132768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the diffusion dynamics at the interface between deuterated poly(methyl methacrylate) (d-PMMA) and protonated poly(methyl methacrylate) (h-PMMA) in two-layered thin films of d- and h-PMMA layers via neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements during isothermal annealing above the glass transition temperature Tg. When Tg of d-PMMA was higher than that of h-PMMA, the d-PMMA layer thickness increased with increasing annealing time ta and, simultaneously, the h-PMMA layer thickness decreased. However, the opposite ta dependence of the layer thicknesses was observed, if the Tg of d-PMMA was decreased by the increase in the fraction of the low-molecular weight d-PMMA: With increasing ta, the d-PMMA layer thickness decreased and the h-PMMA layer thickness increased when Tg of d-PMMA was lower than that of h-PMMA. This change in the ta dependence of the layer thickness was related to the change in the mobility of the d-PMMA layer accompanied by the change in the Tg value of d-PMMA. With the decrease in the d-PMMA layer thickness from 49 nm to 13 nm, when the h-PMMA layer thickness was maintained, the ta dependence of the layer thickness changed and the mobility of the d-PMMA layer dramatically increased. These results suggest that the mobility of thin polymer films can be determined by the observation of interfacial dynamics via NR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Ooe
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Kairi Miyata
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Jun Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Fumiya Nemoto
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka 319-1106, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka 319-1106, Japan
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20
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Greener JDG, de Lima Savi E, Akimov AV, Raetz S, Kudrynskyi Z, Kovalyuk ZD, Chigarev N, Kent A, Patané A, Gusev V. High-Frequency Elastic Coupling at the Interface of van der Waals Nanolayers Imaged by Picosecond Ultrasonics. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11530-11537. [PMID: 31487450 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the topography of van de Waals (vdW) layers and heterostructures can be imaged by scanning probe microscopy, high-frequency interface elastic properties are more difficult to assess. These can influence the stability, reliability, and performance of electronic devices that require uniform layers and interfaces. Here, we use picosecond ultrasonics to image these properties in vdW layers and heterostructures based on well-known exfoliable materials, i.e., InSe, hBN, and graphene. We reveal a strong, uniform elastic coupling between vdW layers over a wide range of frequencies of up to tens of gigahertz (GHz) and in-plane areas of 100 μm2. In contrast, the vdW layers can be weakly coupled to their supporting substrate, behaving effectively as free-standing membranes. Our data and analysis demonstrate that picosecond ultrasonics offers opportunities to probe the high-frequency elastic coupling of vdW nanolayers and image both "perfect" and "broken" interfaces between different materials over a wide frequency range, as required for future scientific and technological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake D G Greener
- School of Physics and Astronomy , The University Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Elton de Lima Savi
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans, LAUM - UMR 6613 CNRS , Le Mans Université , Avenue Olivier Messiaen , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| | - Andrey V Akimov
- School of Physics and Astronomy , The University Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Samuel Raetz
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans, LAUM - UMR 6613 CNRS , Le Mans Université , Avenue Olivier Messiaen , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| | - Zakhar Kudrynskyi
- School of Physics and Astronomy , The University Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Zakhar D Kovalyuk
- Chernivtsi Branch of Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 5 , I. Vilde Street , Chernivtsi , 58001 , Ukraine
| | - Nikolay Chigarev
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans, LAUM - UMR 6613 CNRS , Le Mans Université , Avenue Olivier Messiaen , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
| | - Anthony Kent
- School of Physics and Astronomy , The University Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Amalia Patané
- School of Physics and Astronomy , The University Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Vitalyi Gusev
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans, LAUM - UMR 6613 CNRS , Le Mans Université , Avenue Olivier Messiaen , 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 , France
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21
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Xia W, Lan T. Interfacial Dynamics Governs the Mechanical Properties of Glassy Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Tian Lan
- Formulation, Automation & Materials Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Rd., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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22
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Kang E, Graczykowski B, Jonas U, Christie D, Gray LAG, Cangialosi D, Priestley RD, Fytas G. Shell Architecture Strongly Influences the Glass Transition, Surface Mobility, and Elasticity of Polymer Core-Shell Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2019; 52:5399-5406. [PMID: 31367064 PMCID: PMC6659035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing application of nanostructured polymeric materials, there still remains a large gap in our understanding of polymer mechanics and thermal stability under confinement and near polymer-polymer interfaces. In particular, the knowledge of polymer nanoparticle thermal stability and mechanics is of great importance for their application in drug delivery, phononics, and photonics. Here, we quantified the effects of a polymer shell layer on the modulus and glass-transition temperature (T g) of polymer core-shell nanoparticles via Brillouin light spectroscopy and modulated differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Nanoparticles consisting of a polystyrene (PS) core and shell layers of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) were characterized as model systems. We found that the high T g of the PS core was largely unaffected by the presence of an outer polymer shell, whereas the lower T g of the PBMA shell layer decreased with increasing PBMA thickness. The surface mobility was revealed at a temperature about 15 K lower than the T g of the PBMA shell layer. Overall, the modulus of the core-shell nanoparticles decreased with increasing PBMA shell layer thickness. These results suggest that the nanoparticle modulus and T g can be tuned independently through the control of nanoparticle composition and architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Kang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, University of
Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Dane Christie
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Princeton Institute for the Science
and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Laura A. G. Gray
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Princeton Institute for the Science
and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro
de
Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Princeton Institute for the Science
and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - George Fytas
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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23
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Samanta S, Huang G, Gao G, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Wolf S, Woods CN, Jin Y, Walsh PJ, Fakhraai Z. Exploring the Importance of Surface Diffusion in Stability of Vapor-Deposited Organic Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:4108-4117. [PMID: 30998844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Stable glasses are formed during physical vapor deposition (PVD), through the surface-mediated equilibration process. Understanding surface relaxation dynamics is important in understanding the details of this process. Direct measurements of the surface relaxation times in molecular glass systems are challenging. As such, surface diffusion measurements have been used in the past as a proxy for the surface relaxation process. In this study, we show that the absence of enhanced surface diffusion is not a reliable predictor of reduced ability to produce stable glasses. To demonstrate, we have prepared stable glasses (SGs) from two structurally similar organic molecules, 1,3-bis(1-naphthyl)-5-(2-naphthyl)benzene (TNB) and 9-(3,5-di(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)anthracene (α,α-A), with similar density increase and improved kinetic stability as compared to their liquid-quenched (LQ) counterparts. The surface diffusion values of these glasses were measured both in the LQ and SG states below their glass transition temperatures ( Tgs) using gold nanorod probes. While TNB shows enhanced surface diffusion in both SG and LQ states, no significant surface Tg diffusion is observed on the surface of α,α-A within our experimental time scales. However, isothermal dewetting experiments on ultrathin films of both molecules below Tg indicate the existence of enhanced dynamics in ultrathin films for both molecules, indirectly showing the existence of an enhanced mobile surface layer. Both films produce stable glasses, which is another indication for the existence of the mobile surface layer. Our results suggest that lateral surface diffusion may not be a good proxy for enhanced surface relaxation dynamics required to produce stable glasses, and thus, other types of measurements to directly probe the surface relaxation times may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Samanta
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Georgia Huang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Gui Gao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Aixi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Sarah Wolf
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Connor N Woods
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
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24
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A method for reversible control over nano-roughness of colloidal particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Alonso-Redondo E, Belliard L, Rolle K, Graczykowski B, Tremel W, Djafari-Rouhani B, Fytas G. Robustness of elastic properties in polymer nanocomposite films examined over the full volume fraction range. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16986. [PMID: 30451903 PMCID: PMC6242885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers with nanoparticle inclusions are attractive materials because physical properties can be tuned by varying size and volume fraction range. However, elastic behavior can degrade at higher inclusion fractions when particle-particle contacts become important, and sophisticated measurement techniques are required to study this crossover. Here, we report on the mechanical properties of materials with BaTiO3 nanoparticles (diameters < 10 nm) in a polymer (poly(methyl methacrylate)) matrix, deposited as films in different thickness ranges. Two well-known techniques, time and frequency domain Brillouin light scattering, were employed to probe the composition dependence of their elastic modulus. The time domain experiment revealed the biphasic state of the system at the highest particle volume fraction, whereas frequency domain Brillouin scattering provided comprehensive information on ancillary variables such as refractive index and directionality. Both techniques prove complementary, and can in particular be used to probe the susceptibility of elastic properties in polymer nanocomposites to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alonso-Redondo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Belliard
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 06, UMR 7588, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - K Rolle
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - B Graczykowski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - W Tremel
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Anorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - B Djafari-Rouhani
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520,UFR de Physique, Université de Lille 1, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - G Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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26
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Kang E, Kim H, Gray LAG, Christie D, Jonas U, Graczykowski B, Furst EM, Priestley RD, Fytas G. Ultrathin Shell Layers Dramatically Influence Polymer Nanoparticle Surface Mobility. Macromolecules 2018; 51:8522-8529. [PMID: 30906073 PMCID: PMC6428372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanoparticle synthesis, self-assembly, and surface coating or patterning have enabled a diverse array of applications ranging from photonic and phononic crystal fabrication to drug delivery vehicles. One of the key obstacles restricting its potential is structural and thermal stability. The presence of a glass transition can facilitate deformation within nanoparticles, thus resulting in a significant alteration in structure and performance. Recently, we detected a glassy-state transition within individual polystyrene nanoparticles and related its origin to the presence of a surface layer with enhanced dynamics compared to the bulk. The presence of this mobile layer could have a dramatic impact on the thermal stability of polymer nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate how the addition of a shell layer, as thin as a single polymer chain, atop the nanoparticles could completely eliminate any evidence of enhanced mobility at the surface of polystyrene nanoparticles. The ultrathin polymer shell layers were placed atop the nanoparticles via two approaches: (i) covalent bonding or (ii) electrostatic interactions. The temperature dependence of the particle vibrational spectrum, as recorded by Brillouin light scattering, was used to probe the surface mobility of nanoparticles with and without a shell layer. Beyond suppression of the surface mobility, the presence of the ultrathin polymer shell layers impacted the nanoparticle glass transition temperature and shear modulus, albeit to a lesser extent. The implication of this work is that the core-shell architecture allows for tailoring of the nanoparticle elasticity, surface softening, and glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Kang
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Laura A. G. Gray
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Dane Christie
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Eric M. Furst
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
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