1
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Wang Q, Wang L, Zhang S, Chen Z, Peng W, Li Y, Fan X. MOF-on-MOF-derived FeCo@NC OER&ORR bifunctional electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 677:800-811. [PMID: 39121664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Zinc-air batteries, as one of the emerging areas of interest in the quest for sustainable energy solutions, are hampered by the intrinsically sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and still suffer from the issues of low energy density. Herein, we report a MOF-on-MOF-derived electrocatalyst, FeCo@NC-II, designed to efficiently catalyze both ORR (Ehalf = 0.907 V) and OER (Ej=10 = 1.551 V) within alkaline environments, surpassing esteemed noble metal benchmarks (Pt/C and RuO2). Systematically characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the synergistic effect of iron and cobalt bimetallic and the optimized distribution of nitrogen configuration improved the charge distribution of the catalysts, which in turn optimized the adsorption / desorption of oxygenated intermediates accelerating the reaction kinetics. While the unique leaf-like core-shell morphology and excellent pore structure of the FeCo@NC-II catalyst caused the improvement of mass transfer efficiency, electrical conductivity and stability. The core and shell of the precursor constructed through the MOF-on-MOF strategy achieved the effect of 1 + 1 > 2 in mutual cooperation. Further application to zinc-air batteries (ZABs) yielded remarkable power density (212.4 mW/cm2), long cycle (more than 150 h) stability and superior energy density (∼1060 Wh/kg Zn). This work provides a methodology and an idea for the design, synthesis and optimization of advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqiao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of New Energy, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315336, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenchao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312300, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.
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2
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Fischer JC, Steentjes R, Chen DH, Richards BS, Zojer E, Wöll C, Howard IA. Determining Structures of Layer-by-Layer Spin-Coated Zinc Dicarboxylate-Based Metal-Organic Thin Films. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400565. [PMID: 38642002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Thin films of crystalline solids with substantial free volume built from organic chromophores and metal secondary building units (SBUs) are promising for engineering new optoelectronic properties through control of interchromophore coupling. Zn-based SBUs are especially relevant in this case because they avoid quenching the chromophore's luminescence. We find that layer-by-layer spin-coating using Zn acetate dihydrate and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) and biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC) linkers readily produces crystalline thin films. However, analysis of the grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) data reveals the structures of these films vary significantly with the linker, and with the metal-to-linker molar ratio used for fabrication. Under equimolar conditions, H2BPDC creates a type of structure like that proposed for SURMOF-2, whereas H2BDC generates a different metal-hydroxide-organic framework. Large excess of Zn2+ ions causes the growth of layered zinc hydroxides, irrespective of the linker used. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide structural models with minimum total energy that are consistent with the experimentally observed diffractograms. In the broader sense, this work illustrates the importance in this field of careful structure determination, e. g., by utilizing GIWAXS and DFT simulations to determine the structure of the obtained crystalline metal-organic thin films, such that properties can be rationally engineered and explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Fischer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Robbin Steentjes
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dong-Hui Chen
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Lu X, Zhang K, Niu X, Ren DD, Zhou Z, Dang LL, Fu HR, Tan C, Ma L, Zang SQ. Encapsulation engineering of porous crystalline frameworks for delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6694-6734. [PMID: 38747082 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01026k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Delayed luminescence (DF), including phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) exhibit common and broad application prospects in optoelectronic displays, biological imaging, and encryption. Thus, the combination of delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence is attracting increasing attention. The encapsulation of guest emitters in various host matrices to form host-guest systems has been demonstrated to be an appealing strategy to further enhance and/or modulate their delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence. Compared with conventional liquid crystals, polymers, and supramolecular matrices, porous crystalline frameworks (PCFs) including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), zeolites and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) can not only overcome shortcomings such as flexibility and disorder but also achieve the ordered encapsulation of guests and long-term stability of chiral structures, providing new promising host platforms for the development of DF and CPL. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and critical summary of the recent progress in host-guest photochemistry via the encapsulation engineering of guest emitters in PCFs, particularly focusing on delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence. Initially, the general principle of phosphorescence, TADF and CPL, the combination of DF and CPL, and energy transfer processes between host and guests are introduced. Subsequently, we comprehensively discuss the critical factors affecting the encapsulation engineering of guest emitters in PCFs, such as pore structures, the confinement effect, charge and energy transfer between the host and guest, conformational dynamics, and aggregation model of guest emitters. Thereafter, we summarize the effective methods for the preparation of host-guest systems, especially single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation and epitaxial growth, which are distinct from conventional methods based on amorphous materials. Then, the recent advancements in host-guest systems based on PCFs for delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence are highlighted. Finally, we present our personal insights into the challenges and future opportunities in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Xinkai Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Technology, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Long Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Ru Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chaoliang Tan
- Department Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Lufang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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4
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Brandner LA, Marmiroli B, Linares-Moreau M, Barella M, Abbasgholi-Na B, Velásquez-Hernández MDJ, Flint KL, Dal Zilio S, Acuna GP, Wolinski H, Amenitsch H, Doonan CJ, Falcaro P. Ordered Transfer from 3D-Oriented MOF Superstructures to Polymeric Films: Microfabrication, Enhanced Chemical Stability, and Anisotropic Fluorescent Patterns. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404384. [PMID: 38943469 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Films and patterns of 3D-oriented metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) afford well-ordered pore structures extending across centimeter-scale areas. These macroscopic domains of aligned pores are pivotal to enhance diffusion along specific pathways and orient functional guests. The anisotropic properties emerging from this alignment are beneficial for applications in ion conductivity and photonics. However, the structure of 3D-oriented MOF films and patterns can rapidly degrade under humid and acidic conditions. Thus, more durable 3D-ordered porous systems are desired for practical applications. Here, oriented porous polymer films and patterns are prepared by using heteroepitaxially oriented N3-functionalized MOF films as precursor materials. The film fabrication protocol utilizes an azide-alkyne cycloaddition on the Cu2(AzBPDC)2DABCO MOF. The micropatterning protocol exploits the X-ray sensitivity of azide groups in Cu2(AzBPDC)2DABCO, enabling selective degradation in the irradiated areas. The masked regions of the MOF film retain their N3-functionality, allowing for subsequent cross-linking through azide-alkyne coupling. Subsequent acidic treatment removes the Cu ions from the MOF, yielding porous polymer micro-patterns. The polymer has high chemical stability and shows an anisotropic fluorescent response. The use of 3D-oriented MOF systems as precursors for the fabrication of oriented porous polymers will facilitate the progress of optical components for photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A Brandner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Benedetta Marmiroli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Mercedes Linares-Moreau
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Mariano Barella
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, PER 08, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Behnaz Abbasgholi-Na
- CNR-IOM - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, SS 14, Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | | | - Kate L Flint
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Simone Dal Zilio
- CNR-IOM - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, SS 14, Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Guillermo P Acuna
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, PER 08, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Christian J Doonan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
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5
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Singhvi P, Vankova N, Heine T. External Electric Field Control of Exciton Motion in Porphyrin-Based Metal Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400180. [PMID: 38606436 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrins are excellent light-harvesting complexes. Presently they are unsuitable for photovoltaic applications, as their excellent light absorbance is compensated to a large extent by their poor transport properties, where most excitons are lost by recombination. Arranging porphyrins in regular, strongly bound, lattices of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks (PP-SURMOFs) may facilitate charge carrier dissociation, but does not significantly enhance the conductive properties. In most cases, photogenerated excitons traverse undirected, Brownian motion through a hopping process, resulting in a substantial diffusion length to reach electrodes, leading to significant exciton loss through recombination. Here, we propose to guide exciton diffusion indirectly by an external electric field. We show that electric fields, even as strong as 1 V nm-1, do not affect the HOMO-LUMO gap of the porphyrins. However, fields of 0.1 V nm-1 and even less demonstrate a notable Stark effect, with slight band gap reductions, for some PP-SURMOFs. When applied as an electric field gradient, for instance, via the substrate, it creates a unidirectional hopping pathway for the excitons. Consequently, we expect a significant reduction of exciton diffusion length leading to increased utilization of photogenerated excitons as they reach the electrodes. This strategy holds promise for integrating photoactive molecules in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Singhvi
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nina Vankova
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, CASUS, Untermarkt 20, 02826, Görlitz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, HZDR, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and ibs for nanomedicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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6
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Mazel A, Fornasarig M, Owona J, Truflandier L, Castet F, Rougier A. Insight into the generation of near infra-red (NIR) absorbing species in electrochromic surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1657-1662. [PMID: 38168793 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03822j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to their versatility and easy processing, Surface-Anchored Metal-Organic Frameworks (SurMOFs) have gained interest in recent times as promising electrochromic thin films. Herein a step forward in their use and characterization was achieved thanks to the integration of {Zn2(PDICl4)2} SurMOFs in a multi-layer electrochromic device (ECD), based on a membrane-like electrolyte. The optical and electrochemical properties of the ECD were fully characterized, revealing a two-step reduction process localized on the organic ligand and involving subsequent near infra-red (NIR) and cyan absorbing states, leading to optical modulation of the films. The species responsible for this absorption were isolated and identified in the reduced states. In parallel to experimental characterization, quantum chemistry was successfully used to investigate the structure-property relationship of the SurMOF, revealing additional information regarding the structure and the local environment of the electrochromic ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Mazel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bx INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Matteo Fornasarig
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bx INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Josianne Owona
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bx INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Lionel Truflandier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bx INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bx INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Aline Rougier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bx INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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7
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Suleman S, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Zhang J, Lin Z, Metin Ö, Meng Z, Jiang HL. Turning on Singlet Oxygen Generation by Outer-Sphere Microenvironment Modulation in Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314988. [PMID: 38016926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) is ubiquitously involved in various photocatalytic oxidation reactions; however, efficient and selective production of 1 O2 is still challenging. Herein, we reported the synthesis of nickel porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) incorporating functional groups with different electron-donating/-withdrawing features on their pore walls. These functional groups established a dedicated outer-sphere microenvironment surrounding the Ni catalytic center that tunes the activity of the COFs for 1 O2 -mediated thioether oxidation. With the increase of the electron-donating ability of functional groups, the modulated outer-sphere microenvironment turns on the catalytic activity from a yield of nearly zero by the cyano group functionalized COF to an excellent yield of 98 % by the methoxy group functionalized one. Electronic property investigation and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the distinct excitonic behaviors attributed to the diverse band energy levels and orbital compositions are responsible for the different activities. This study represents the first regulation of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) based on the strategy of outer-sphere microenvironment modulation in COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman Suleman
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yunyang Qian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Lin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Önder Metin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
| | - Zheng Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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8
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Wang Z, Dai B, Su Y, Hu H, He X, Chen J, Wang C. Why Ligand Doping Increases the Fluorescence of an Anthracene-Based Metal-Organic Framework. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37466947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) built from fluorescent ligands frequently exhibit enhanced fluorescence when doped with inert ligands. This study focuses on a MOF of the UiO-68 structure, which is built from a fluorescent dibenzoate-anthracene ligand doped with a dibenzoate-benzene ligand. Our investigation aims to understand the mechanism behind the doping-enhanced emission of this MOF. We rule out several possible mechanisms, including exciton coupling, electron transfer between ligand and metal center, and ligand intersystem crossing induced by the metal center. Inhibition of the interligand charge transfer is considered a possible way to enhance emission. Furthermore, we propose that the conformational change of the anthracene-based ligand in the MOF cavity is also a way for enhancement. Our molecular dynamics simulations of the MOF structure filled with solvents reveal that the steric crowding in the cavity induces a conformational change at different doping levels, affecting the rate of intersystem crossing of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Bingling Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Su
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xinru He
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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9
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Sun B, Wang X, Ye Z, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhou N, Zhang M, Yao C, Wu F, Shen J. Designing Single-Atom Active Sites on sp 2 -Carbon Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks to Induce Bacterial Ferroptosis-Like for Robust Anti-Infection Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207507. [PMID: 36847061 PMCID: PMC10161020 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With the threat posed by drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, developing non-antibiotic strategies for eradicating clinically prevalent superbugs remains challenging. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death that can overcome drug resistance. Emerging evidence shows the potential of triggering ferroptosis-like for antibacterial therapy, but the direct delivery of iron species is inefficient and may cause detrimental effects. Herein, an effective strategy to induce bacterial nonferrous ferroptosis-like by coordinating single-atom metal sites (e.g., Ir and Ru) into the sp2 -carbon-linked covalent organic framework (sp2 c-COF-Ir-ppy2 and sp2 c-COF-Ru-bpy2 ) is reported. Upon activating by light irradiation or hydrogen peroxide, the as-constructed Ir and Ru single-atom catalysts (SACs) can significantly expedite intracellular reactive oxygen species burst, enhance glutathione depletion-related glutathione peroxidase 4 deactivation, and disturb the nitrogen and respiratory metabolisms, leading to lipid peroxidation-driven ferroptotic damage. Both SAC inducers show potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and biofilms, as well as excellent biocompatibility and strong therapeutic and preventive potential in MRSA-infected wounds and abscesses. This delicate nonferrous ferroptosis-like strategy may open up new insights into the therapy of drug-resistant pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Sun
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xinye Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiu Ye
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Juyang Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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10
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Haldar R, Ghosh A, Maji TK. Charge transfer in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1569-1588. [PMID: 36655919 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05522h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, also known as porous coordination polymers or PCPs) are a novel class of crystalline porous material. The tailorable porous structure, in terms of size, geometry and function, has attracted the attention of researchers across all disciplines of materials science. One of the many exciting aspects of MOFs is that through directional and reversible coordination bonding, organic linkers (chromophores with metal-coordinating functional groups) and metal ions (and clusters) can be spatially organized in a preconceived geometry. The well-defined spatial geometry of the metals and linkers is very advantageous for optoelectronic functions (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photocatalysts) of the materials. This feature article evaluates the scope of charge transfer (CT) interactions in MOFs, involving the organic linkers and metal ion or cluster components. Irrespective of the type (size, shape, electronic property) of organic chromophores involved, MOFs provide an insightful path to design and make the CT process efficient. The selected examples of MOFs with CT characteristics do not only illustrate the design principles but render a pathway towards understanding the complex photophysical processes and implementing those for future optoelectronic and catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Adrija Ghosh
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India. .,Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
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11
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Ghosh R, Paesani F. Connecting the dots for fundamental understanding of structure-photophysics-property relationships of COFs, MOFs, and perovskites using a Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1040-1064. [PMID: 36756323 PMCID: PMC9891456 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactive organic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as conjugated polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and layered perovskites, display intriguing photophysical signatures upon interaction with light. Elucidating structure-photophysics-property relationships across a broad range of functional materials is nontrivial and requires our fundamental understanding of the intricate interplay among excitons (electron-hole pair), polarons (charges), bipolarons, phonons (vibrations), inter-layer stacking interactions, and different forms of structural and conformational defects. In parallel with electronic structure modeling and data-driven science that are actively pursued to successfully accelerate materials discovery, an accurate, computationally inexpensive, and physically-motivated theoretical model, which consistently makes quantitative connections with conceptually complicated experimental observations, is equally important. Within this context, the first part of this perspective highlights a unified theoretical framework in which the electronic coupling as well as the local coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom can be efficiently described for a broad range of quasiparticles with similarly structured Holstein-style vibronic Hamiltonians. The second part of this perspective discusses excitonic and polaronic photophysical signatures in polymers, COFs, MOFs, and perovskites, and attempts to bridge the gap between different research fields using a common theoretical construct - the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. We envision that the synergistic integration of state-of-the-art computational approaches with the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism will help identify and establish new, transformative design strategies that will guide the synthesis and characterization of next-generation energy materials optimized for a broad range of optoelectronic, spintronic, and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
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12
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Halder A, Bain DC, Oktawiec J, Addicoat MA, Tsangari S, Fuentes-Rivera JJ, Pitt TA, Musser AJ, Milner PJ. Enhancing Dynamic Spectral Diffusion in Metal-Organic Frameworks through Defect Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1072-1082. [PMID: 36595477 PMCID: PMC10022273 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The crystal packing of organic chromophores has a profound impact on their photophysical properties. Molecular crystal engineering is generally incapable of producing precisely spaced arrays of molecules for use in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and sensors. A promising alternative strategy is the incorporation of chromophores into crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), leading to matrix coordination-induced emission (MCIE) upon confinement. However, it remains unclear how the precise arrangement of chromophores and defects dictates photophysical properties in these systems, limiting the rational design of well-defined photoluminescent materials. Herein, we report new, robust Zr-based MOFs constructed from the linker tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)ethylene (TCPE4-) that exhibit an unexpected structural transition in combination with a prominent shift from green to blue photoluminescence (PL) as a function of the amount of acid modulator (benzoic, formic, or acetic acid) used during synthesis. Time-resolved PL (TRPL) measurements provide full spectral information and reveal that the observed hypsochromic shift arises due to a higher concentration of linker substitution defects at higher modulator concentrations, leading to broader excitation transfer-induced spectral diffusion. Spectral diffusion of this type has not been reported in a MOF to date, and its observation provides structural information that is otherwise unobtainable using traditional crystallographic techniques. Our findings suggest that defects have a profound impact on the photophysical properties of MOFs and that their presence can be readily tuned to modify energy transfer processes within these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Halder
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - David C Bain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stavrini Tsangari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - José J Fuentes-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Tristan A Pitt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Phillip J Milner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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13
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Liu S, Liu X, Gong Y, Hu Q, Yu L. π-Electronic Coassembled Microflake Sensors with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Enhanced Discrimination of Methanol and Ethanol. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13980-13988. [PMID: 35286806 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the field of fluorescence-based gas sensing, it is very difficult to realize the distinction of the molecules with similar chemical properties and slight structural differences (e.g., methanol and ethanol). Herein, we fabricated coassemblies of energy-donor molecule 1 (M1) and energy-acceptor molecule 2 (M2) with different molar ratios. These materials can selectively differentiate methanol and ethanol by regulating the distance of exciton migration of donor M1 by embedding energy-acceptor M2. More importantly, methanol can also be detected from the mixture vapors of methanol and ethanol. These results provide a new approach for developing fluorescence sensors that are highly sensitive to molecules with very small difference in the chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Hisense Video Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
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14
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Liu X, Mazel A, Marschner S, Fu Z, Muth M, Kirschhöfer F, Brenner-Weiss G, Bräse S, Diring S, Odobel F, Haldar R, Wöll C. Photoinduced Delamination of Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films by Spatioselective Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57768-57773. [PMID: 34808056 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) built from different building units offer functionalities going far beyond gas storage and separation. In connection with advanced applications, e.g., in optoelectronics, hierarchical MOF-on-MOF structures fabricated using sophisticated methodologies have recently become particularly attractive. Here, we demonstrate that the structural complexity of MOF-based architectures can be further increased by employing highly spatioselective photochemistry. Using a layer-by-layer, quasi-epitaxial synthesis method, we realized a photoactive MOF-on-MOF hetero-bilayer consisting of a porphyrinic bottom layer and a tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based top layer. Illumination of the monolithic thin film with visible light in the presence of oxygen gas results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (1O2) in the porphyrinic bottom layer, which lead to a photocleavage of the TPE units at the internal interface. We demonstrate that this spatioselective photochemistry can be utilized to delaminate the top layers, yielding two-dimensional (2D) MOF sheets with well-defined thickness. Experiments using atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrate that these platelets can be transferred onto other substrates, thus opening up the possibility of fabricating planar MOF structures using photolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Antoine Mazel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stefan Marschner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zhihua Fu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marius Muth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiss
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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15
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Anthracene Cu(I) compounds with fluorescence and two-photon absorption properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Wang Z, Wang C. Excited State Energy Transfer in Metal-Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005819. [PMID: 33788309 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Excited state energy transfer in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is of great interest due to potential application of these materials in photocatalysis and fluorescence sensing. In photocatalysis, a light-harvesting antenna of MOFs can collect energy from a much larger area than a single reaction center and efficiently transport the energy to the active site to enhance photocatalytic efficiency, mimicking nature photosynthesis. In fluorescence sensing, excited state traveling on the framework can search for analyte quencher molecules to give amplified fluorescence quenching, so that one quencher turns off multiple excited states to enhance signal. Key to these designer performances is highly efficient energy transfer on these framework materials that are determined by types of excited states, dimension of the materials, and structure of the frameworks. Advancement of MOF synthetic chemistry provides new tools to control the rate and directionality of energy transfer in these materials, opening opportunities in manipulating excited states at an unprecedented level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang T, Zheng Q, Fu Y, Xie C, Fan G, Wang Y, Wu Y, Cai X, Han G, Li X. α-Fe 2O 3@Pt heterostructure particles to enable sonodynamic therapy with self-supplied O 2 and imaging-guidance. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:358. [PMID: 34736483 PMCID: PMC8569996 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), presenting spatial and temporal control of ROS generation triggered by ultrasound field, has attracted considerable attention in tumor treatment. However, its therapeutic efficacy is severely hindered by the intrinsic hypoxia of solid tumor and the lack of smart design in material band structure. Here in study, fine α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles armored with Pt nanocrystals (α-Fe2O3@Pt) was investigated as an alternative SDT agent with ingenious bandgap and structural design. The Schottky barrier, due to its unique heterostructure, suppresses the recombination of sono-induced electrons and holes, enabling superior ROS generation. More importantly, the composite nanoparticles may effectively trigger a reoxygenation phenomenon to supply sufficient content of oxygen, favoring the ROS induction under the hypoxic condition and its extra role played for ultrasound imaging. In consequence, α-Fe2O3@Pt appears to enable effective tumor inhibition with imaging guidance, both in vitro and in vivo. This study has therefore demonstrated a highly potential platform for ultrasound-driven tumor theranostic, which may spark a series of further explorations in therapeutic systems with more rational material design. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yike Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, P.R. China
| | - Congkun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Gonglin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Gaorong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China. .,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, P.R. China.
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18
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Chai L, Pan J, Hu Y, Qian J, Hong M. Rational Design and Growth of MOF-on-MOF Heterostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100607. [PMID: 34245231 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a subclass of highly crystalline inorganic-organic materials, which are endowed with high surface areas, tunable pores, and fascinating nanostructures. Heterostructured MOF-on-MOF composites are recently becoming a research hotspot in the field of chemistry and materials science, which focus on the assembly of two or more different homogeneous or heterogeneous MOFs with various structures and morphologies. Compared with one single MOF, the dual MOF-on-MOF composites exhibit unprecedented tunability, hierarchical nanostructure, synergistic effect, and enhanced performance. Due to the difference of inorganic metals and organic ligands, the lattice parameters in a, b, and c directions in the single crystal cells could bring about subtle or large structural difference. It will result in the composite material with distinct growth methods to obtain secondary MOF grown from the initial MOF. In this review, the authors wish to mainly outline the latest synthetic strategies of heterostructured MOF-on-MOFs and their derivatives, including ordered epitaxial growth, random epitaxial growth, etc., which show the tutorial guidelines for the further development of various MOF-on-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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19
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Elliott R, Ryan AA, Aggarwal A, Zhu N, Steuber FW, Senge MO, Schmitt W. 2D Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Frameworks Featuring Rod-Shaped Secondary Building Units. Molecules 2021; 26:2955. [PMID: 34065664 PMCID: PMC8156857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) encompass a rapidly expanding class of materials with diverse potential applications including gas storage, molecular separation, sensing and catalysis. So-called 'rod MOFs', which comprise infinitely extended 1D secondary building units (SBUs), represent an underexplored subclass of MOF. Further, porphyrins are considered privileged ligands for MOF synthesis due to their tunable redox and photophysical properties. In this study, the CuII complex of 5,15-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin (H2L-CuII, where H2 refers to the ligand's carboxyl H atoms) is used to prepare two new 2D porphyrinic rod MOFs PROD-1 and PROD-2. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that these frameworks feature 1D MnII- or CoII-based rod-like SBUs that are coordinated by labile solvent molecules and photoactive porphyrin moieties. Both materials were characterised using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structural attributes of PROD-1 and PROD-2 render them promising materials for future photocatalytic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Elliott
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Aoife A. Ryan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Aviral Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Nianyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Friedrich W. Steuber
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Focus Group—Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Schmitt
- School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (R.E.); (A.A.); (N.Z.); (F.W.S.)
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20
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Gupta G, Kim M, Lee J, Lee CY. Zinc‐based
Metal Organic Framework Derived From Anthracene and
BODIPY
Chromophores: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Gupta
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Innovation Center for Chemical Engineering Incheon National University Yeonsu‐gu, Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeon Kim
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Innovation Center for Chemical Engineering Incheon National University Yeonsu‐gu, Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yeon Lee
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Innovation Center for Chemical Engineering Incheon National University Yeonsu‐gu, Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea
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21
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Haldar R, Kozlowska M, Ganschow M, Ghosh S, Jakoby M, Chen H, Ghalami F, Xie W, Heidrich S, Tsutsui Y, Freudenberg J, Seki S, Howard IA, Richards BS, Bunz UHF, Elstner M, Wenzel W, Wöll C. Interplay of structural dynamics and electronic effects in an engineered assembly of pentacene in a metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4477-4483. [PMID: 34168750 PMCID: PMC8179632 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge carrier mobility is an important figure of merit to evaluate organic semiconductor (OSC) materials. In aggregated OSCs, this quantity is determined by inter-chromophoric electronic and vibrational coupling. These key parameters sensitively depend on structural properties, including the density of defects. We have employed a new type of crystalline assembly strategy to engineer the arrangement of the OSC pentacene in a structure not realized as crystals to date. Our approach is based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), in which suitably substituted pentacenes act as ditopic linkers and assemble into highly ordered π-stacks with long-range order. Layer-by-layer fabrication of the MOF yields arrays of electronically coupled pentacene chains, running parallel to the substrate surface. Detailed photophysical studies reveal strong, anisotropic inter-pentacene electronic coupling, leading to efficient charge delocalization. Despite a high degree of structural order and pronounced dispersion of the 1D-bands for the static arrangement, our experimental results demonstrate hopping-like charge transport with an activation energy of 64 meV dominating the band transport over a wide range of temperatures. A thorough combined quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics investigation identifies frustrated localized rotations of the pentacene cores as the reason for the breakdown of band transport and paves the way for a crystal engineering strategy of molecular OSCs that independently varies the arrangement of the molecular cores and their vibrational degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Michael Ganschow
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Samrat Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Hermann von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hongye Chen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nano Science Nanjing China
| | - Farhad Ghalami
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Shahriar Heidrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ian A Howard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Hermann von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Hermann von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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22
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Gu C, Zhang H, Yu J, Shen Q, Luo G, Chen X, Xue P, Wang Z, Hu J. Assembled Exciton Dynamics in Porphyrin Metal-Organic Framework Nanofilms. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1102-1107. [PMID: 33404245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a novel strategy to precisely control the alignment of molecules to enhance exciton diffusion for high-performance organic semiconductors. In this paper, we characterize exciton dynamics in highly ordered and crystalline porphyrin MOF nanofilms by time-resolved photoluminescence and femtosecond-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. Results suggest that porphyrin MOF nanofilms could be a promising candidate for high-performance organic photovoltaic semiconductors in which the diffusion coefficient and diffusion length of excitons are 9.0 × 10-2 cm2 s-1 and 16.6 nm, respectively, comparable with or even beyond that of other excellent organic semiconductors. Moreover, by monitoring real-time exciton dynamics it is revealed that excitons in MOF nanofilms undergo high-efficient intermolecular hopping and multiexciton annihilation due to the short intermolecular distance and aligned molecular orientation in MOF structure, thus providing new insights into the underlying physics of exciton dynamics and many-body interaction in molecular assembled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Junhong Yu
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoqiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhengbang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jianbo Hu
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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23
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Marschner SM, Haldar R, Fuhr O, Wöll C, Bräse S. Modular Synthesis of trans-A 2 B 2 -Porphyrins with Terminal Esters: Systematically Extending the Scope of Linear Linkers for Porphyrin-Based MOFs. Chemistry 2021; 27:1390-1401. [PMID: 32857452 PMCID: PMC7898653 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Differently functionalized porphyrin linkers represent the key compounds for the syntheses of new porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which have gathered great interest within the last two decades. Herein we report the synthesis of a large range of 5,15-bis(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)porphyrin derivatives, through Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of an easily accessible corresponding meso-dibrominated trans-A2 B2 -porphyrin with commercially available boronic acids or terminal alkynes. The resulting porphyrins were fully characterized through NMR, MS, and IR spectroscopy and systematically investigated through UV/Vis absorption. Finally, selected structures were saponified to the corresponding carboxylic acids and subsequently proven to be suitable for the synthesis of surface-anchored MOF thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M. Marschner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, (KNMF)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-, von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-, Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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24
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Abstract
Crystallite orientation dependent properties in metal–organic framework thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahmati
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 9177948974
- Iran
| | - Ruhollah Khajavian
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 9177948974
- Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 9177948974
- Iran
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25
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Qian Y, Li D, Han Y, Jiang HL. Photocatalytic Molecular Oxygen Activation by Regulating Excitonic Effects in Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20763-20771. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Qian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institutes of Physics Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
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26
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Haldar R, Jakoby M, Kozlowska M, Rahman Khan M, Chen H, Pramudya Y, Richards BS, Heinke L, Wenzel W, Odobel F, Diring S, Howard IA, Lemmer U, Wöll C. Tuning Optical Properties by Controlled Aggregation: Electroluminescence Assisted by Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Thin Films of Crystalline Chromophores. Chemistry 2020; 26:17016-17020. [PMID: 32894609 PMCID: PMC7839528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several photophysical properties of chromophores depend crucially on intermolecular interactions. Thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is often influenced by close packing of the chromophore assembly. In this context, the metal-organic framework (MOF) approach has several advantages: it can be used to steer aggregation such that the orientation within aggregated structures can be predicted using rational approaches. We demonstrate this design concept for a DPA-TPE (diphenylamine-tetraphenylethylene) chromophore, which is non-emissive in its solvated state due to vibrational quenching. Turning this DPA-TPE into a ditopic linker makes it possible to grow oriented MOF thin films exhibiting pronounced green electroluminescence with low onset voltages. Measurements at different temperatures clearly demonstrate the presence of TADF. Finally, this work reports that the layer-by-layer process used for MOF thin film deposition allows the integration of the TADF-DPA-TPE in a functioning LED device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Motiur Rahman Khan
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hongye Chen
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yohanes Pramudya
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 4400, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 4400, Nantes, France
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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27
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Kozlowska M, Pramudya Y, Jakoby M, Heidrich S, Pan L, Richards BS, A Howard I, Wöll C, Haldar R, Wenzel W. Crystalline assembly of perylene in metal-organic framework thin film: J-aggregate or excimer? Insight into the electronic structure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:034001. [PMID: 32987373 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abbc34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial orientation of chromophores defines the photophysical and optoelectronic properties of a material and serves as the main tunable parameter for tailoring functionality. Controlled assembly for achieving a predefined spatial orientation of chromophores is rather challenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an attractive platform for exploring the virtually unlimited chemical space of organic components and their self-assembly for device optimization. Here, we demonstrate the impact of interchromophore interactions on the photophysical properties of a surface-anchored MOF (SURMOF) based on 3,9-perylenedicarboxylicacid linkers. We predict the structural assembly of the perylene molecules in the MOF via robust periodic density functional theory calculations and discuss the impact of unit topology and π-π interaction patterns on spectroscopic and semiconducting properties of the MOF films. We explain the dual nature of excited states in the perylene MOF, where strong temperature-modulated excimer emission, enhanced by the formation of perylene J-aggregates, and low stable monomer emission are observed. We use band-like and hopping transport mechanisms to predict semiconducting properties of perylene SURMOF-2 films as a function of inter-linker interactions, demonstrating both p-type and n-type conduction mechanisms. Hole carrier mobility up to 7.34 cm2Vs-1is predicted for the perylene SURMOF-2. The results show a promising pathway towards controlling excimer photophysics in a MOF while controlling charge carrier mobility on the basis of a predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kozlowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yohanes Pramudya
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Shahriar Heidrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Liuyang Pan
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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28
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Windischbacher A, Steiner L, Haldar R, Wöll C, Zojer E, Kelterer AM. Exciton Coupling and Conformational Changes Impacting the Excited State Properties of Metal Organic Frameworks. Molecules 2020; 25:E4230. [PMID: 32942666 PMCID: PMC7570727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the photophysical properties of crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become increasingly relevant for their potential application in light-emitting devices, photovoltaics, nonlinear optics and sensing. The availability of high-quality experimental data for such systems makes them ideally suited for a validation of quantum mechanical simulations, aiming at an in-depth atomistic understanding of photophysical phenomena. Here we present a computational DFT study of the absorption and emission characteristics of a Zn-based surface-anchored metal-organic framework (Zn-SURMOF-2) containing anthracenedibenzoic acid (ADB) as linker. Combining band-structure and cluster-based simulations on ADB chromophores in various conformations and aggregation states, we are able to provide a detailed explanation of the experimentally observed photophysical properties of Zn-ADB SURMOF-2: The unexpected (weak) red-shift of the absorption maxima upon incorporating ADB chromophores into SURMOF-2 can be explained by a combination of excitonic coupling effects with conformational changes of the chromophores already in their ground state. As far as the unusually large red-shift of the emission of Zn-ADB SURMOF-2 is concerned, based on our simulations, we attribute it to a modification of the exciton coupling compared to conventional H-aggregates, which results from a relative slip of the centers of neighboring chromophores upon incorporation in Zn-ADB SURMOF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Windischbacher
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.W.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Steiner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.W.); (L.S.)
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29
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Allendorf MD, Dong R, Feng X, Kaskel S, Matoga D, Stavila V. Electronic Devices Using Open Framework Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:8581-8640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Allendorf
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dariusz Matoga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
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30
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Haldar R, Heinke L, Wöll C. Advanced Photoresponsive Materials Using the Metal-Organic Framework Approach. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905227. [PMID: 31763731 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When fabricating macroscopic devices exploiting the properties of organic chromophores, the corresponding molecules need to be condensed into a solid material. Since optical absorption properties are often strongly affected by interchromophore interactions, solids with a well-defined structure carry substantial advantages over amorphous materials. Here, the metal-organic framework (MOF)-based approach is presented. By appropriate functionalization, most organic chromophores can be converted to function as linkers, which can coordinate to metal or metal-oxo centers so as to yield stable, crystalline frameworks. Photoexcitations in such chromophore-based MOFs are surveyed, with a special emphasis on light-switchable MOFs from photochromic molecules. The conventional powder form of MOFs obtained using solvothermal approaches carries certain disadvantages for optical applications, such as limited efficiency resulting from absorption and light scattering caused by the (micrometer-sized) powder particles. How these problems can be avoided by using MOF thin films is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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31
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Mayer DC, Manzi A, Medishetty R, Winkler B, Schneider C, Kieslich G, Pöthig A, Feldmann J, Fischer RA. Controlling Multiphoton Absorption Efficiency by Chromophore Packing in Metal–Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11594-11602. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Mayer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Aurora Manzi
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Benedikt Winkler
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Heinke L, Wöll C. Surface-Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks: Crystalline and Porous Molecular Assemblies for Fundamental Insights and Advanced Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806324. [PMID: 30701602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline coordination polymers, assembled from inorganic nodes connected by organic linker molecules. An enormous surface area, huge compositional variety, regular structure, and favorable mechanical properties are among their outstanding properties. Monolithic MOF thin films, i.e., surface-mounted metal-organic frameworks (SURMOFs), with high degree of structural order and adjustable defect density, can be prepared on solid substrates using layer-by-layer techniques. Recent studies where SURMOFs served as model systems for quantitative studies of molecular interactions in porous media, including diffusion, are reviewed. Moreover, SURMOFs are ideally suited for the incorporation of photoactive molecules as well as to study electrical transport through crystalline molecular assemblies. Recent work has demonstrated that the realization of crystalline chromophore assemblies via the SURMOF approach allows the study of fundamental aspects of exciton transport, exciton channeling, and photon upconversion at internal interfaces in organic semiconductor materials. Due to their crystalline nature, MOF materials are well suited for quantitative comparisons with theoretical results; especially, since defect densities and types can be characterized and varied in a straightforward fashion. The active role of these nanoporous films in advanced applications, like for remote-controlled release of molecules, membranes with photoswitchable selectivity, and ion-conductors with adjustable conductivity, are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Heinke
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Haldar R, Batra K, Marschner SM, Kuc AB, Zahn S, Fischer RA, Bräse S, Heine T, Wöll C. Bridging the Green Gap: Metal–Organic Framework Heteromultilayers Assembled from Porphyrinic Linkers Identified by Using Computational Screening. Chemistry 2019; 25:7847-7851. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Kamal Batra
- Theoretische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstraße 66c, König-Bau 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Stefan Michael Marschner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz Haber Weg 6 76351 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Agnieszka B. Kuc
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute für Oberfläschenmodifizierung e.V. Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Technical University of Munich Lichtenberg Straße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz Haber Weg 6 76351 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Theoretische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstraße 66c, König-Bau 01062 Dresden Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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A de novo strategy for predictive crystal engineering to tune excitonic coupling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2048. [PMID: 31053704 PMCID: PMC6499792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In molecular solids, the intense photoluminescence (PL) observed for solvated dye molecules is often suppressed by nonradiative decay processes introduced by excitonic coupling to adjacent chromophores. We have developed a strategy to avoid this undesirable PL quenching by optimizing the chromophore packing. We integrated the photoactive compounds into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and tuned the molecular alignment by introducing adjustable "steric control units" (SCUs). We determined the optimal alignment of core-substituted naphthalenediimides (cNDIs) to yield highly emissive J-aggregates by a computational analysis. Then, we created a large library of handle-equipped MOF chromophoric linkers and computationally screened for the best SCUs. A thorough photophysical characterization confirmed the formation of J-aggregates with bright green emission, with unprecedented photoluminescent quantum yields for crystalline NDI-based materials. This data demonstrates the viability of MOF-based crystal engineering approaches that can be universally applied to tailor the photophysical properties of organic semiconductor materials.
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Adams M, Kozlowska M, Baroni N, Oldenburg M, Ma R, Busko D, Turshatov A, Emandi G, Senge MO, Haldar R, Wöll C, Nienhaus GU, Richards BS, Howard IA. Highly Efficient One-Dimensional Triplet Exciton Transport in a Palladium-Porphyrin-Based Surface-Anchored Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15688-15697. [PMID: 30938507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient photon-harvesting materials require easy-to-deposit materials exhibiting good absorption and excited-state transport properties. We demonstrate an organic thin-film material system, a palladium-porphyrin-based surface-anchored metal-organic framework (SURMOF) thin film that meets these requirements. Systematic investigations using transient absorption spectroscopy confirm that triplets are very mobile within single crystalline domains; a detailed analysis reveals a triplet transfer rate on the order of 1010 s-1. The crystalline nature of the SURMOFs also allows a thorough theoretical analysis using the density functional theory. The theoretical results reveal that the intermolecular exciton transfer can be described by a Dexter electron exchange mechanism that is considerably enhanced by virtual charge-transfer exciton intermediates. On the basis of the photophysical results, we predict exciton diffusion lengths on the order of several micrometers in perfectly ordered, single-crystalline SURMOFs. In the presently available samples, strong interactions of excitons with domain boundaries present in these metal-organic thin films limit the diffusion length to the diameter of these two-dimensional grains, which amount to about 100 nm. Our results demonstrate high potential of SURMOFs for light-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rui Ma
- Institute of Applied Physics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | | | | | - Ganapathi Emandi
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street , 2 Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street , 2 Dublin , Ireland
| | | | | | - G Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street , Urbana , 61801 Illinois , United States
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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Sun MJ, Liu Y, Zeng W, Zhao YS, Zhong YW, Yao J. Photoluminescent Anisotropy Amplification in Polymorphic Organic Nanocrystals by Light-Harvesting Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6157-6161. [PMID: 30945852 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism and anisotropy are fundamental phenomena of crystalline materials. However, the structure-dependent photoluminescent (PL) anisotropy in polymorphic organic crystals has remained unexplored. Herein, two polymorphic nanocrystals, green-emitting nanorods (PtD-g) and yellow-emitting nanoplates (PtD-y), were obtained from a platinum(II)-β-diketonate complex. The PtD-y crystals display remarkable PL anisotropy with an anisotropy ratio of up to 0.87 whereas the emission of the PtD-g crystals is nearly unpolarized. The polarization properties are rationalized on the different molecular packing of these crystals. By light-harvesting energy transfer, the PtD-y crystals are successfully used to amplify the emission polarization of a red-emitting platinum acceptor (PtA) doped into the donor crystalline matrix, which is otherwise weakly polarized as pure crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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