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Xie C, Chen G, Li M, Huang P, Chen Z, Lei K, Li D, Wang Y, Cleetus A, Mohamed MA, Sonar P, Feng W, Ökten Z, Ou G. Neurons dispose of hyperactive kinesin into glial cells for clearance. EMBO J 2024; 43:2606-2635. [PMID: 38806659 PMCID: PMC11217292 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-based kinesin motor proteins are crucial for intracellular transport, but their hyperactivation can be detrimental for cellular functions. This study investigated the impact of a constitutively active ciliary kinesin mutant, OSM-3CA, on sensory cilia in C. elegans. Surprisingly, we found that OSM-3CA was absent from cilia but underwent disposal through membrane abscission at the tips of aberrant neurites. Neighboring glial cells engulf and eliminate the released OSM-3CA, a process that depends on the engulfment receptor CED-1. Through genetic suppressor screens, we identified intragenic mutations in the OSM-3CA motor domain and mutations inhibiting the ciliary kinase DYF-5, both of which restored normal cilia in OSM-3CA-expressing animals. We showed that conformational changes in OSM-3CA prevent its entry into cilia, and OSM-3CA disposal requires its hyperactivity. Finally, we provide evidence that neurons also dispose of hyperactive kinesin-1 resulting from a clinic variant associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, suggesting a widespread mechanism for regulating hyperactive kinesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghan Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Lei
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Augustine Cleetus
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Mohamed Aa Mohamed
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Punam Sonar
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Wei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zeynep Ökten
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Membrane Biology, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Park S, Noblett N, Pitts L, Colavita A, Wehman AM, Jin Y, Chisholm AD. Dopey-dependent regulation of extracellular vesicles maintains neuronal morphology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.591898. [PMID: 38766017 PMCID: PMC11100700 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.591898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mature neurons maintain their distinctive morphology for extended periods in adult life. Compared to developmental neurite outgrowth, axon guidance, and target selection, relatively little is known of mechanisms that maintain mature neuron morphology. Loss of function in C. elegans DIP-2, a member of the conserved lipid metabolic regulator Dip2 family, results in progressive overgrowth of neurites in adults. We find that dip-2 mutants display specific genetic interactions with sax-2, the C. elegans ortholog of Drosophila Furry and mammalian FRY. Combined loss of DIP-2 and SAX-2 results in severe disruption of neuronal morphology maintenance accompanied by increased release of neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs). By screening for suppressors of dip-2 sax-2 double mutant defects we identified gain-of-function (gf) mutations in the conserved Dopey family protein PAD-1 and its associated phospholipid flippase TAT-5/ATP9A. In dip-2 sax-2 double mutants carrying either pad-1(gf) or tat-5(gf) mutation, EV release is reduced and neuronal morphology across multiple neuron types is restored to largely normal. PAD-1(gf) acts cell autonomously in neurons. The domain containing pad-1(gf) is essential for PAD-1 function, and PAD-1(gf) protein displays increased association with the plasma membrane and inhibits EV release. Our findings uncover a novel functional network of DIP-2, SAX-2, PAD-1, and TAT-5 that maintains morphology of neurons and other types of cells, shedding light on the mechanistic basis of neurological disorders involving human orthologs of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmee Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathaniel Noblett
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Pitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Antonio Colavita
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann M Wehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Yishi Jin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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3
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Quan H, Zhang R. Microglia dynamic response and phenotype heterogeneity in neural regeneration following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1320271. [PMID: 38094292 PMCID: PMC10716326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury poses a significant threat to the neural niche within the central nervous system. In response to this pathological process, microglia, as innate immune cells in the central nervous system, undergo rapid morphological, molecular and functional changes. Here, we comprehensively review these dynamic changes in microglial response to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury under pathological conditions, including stroke, chronic intermittent hypoxia and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. We focus on the regulation of signaling pathways under hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and further describe the process of microenvironment remodeling and neural tissue regeneration mediated by microglia after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Runrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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4
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Jun S, Kim M, Park H, Hwang E, Yamamoto Y, Tanaka-Yamamoto K. Organization of Purkinje cell development by neuronal MEGF11 in cerebellar granule cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113137. [PMID: 37708022 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As cerebellar granule cells (GCs) coordinate the formation of regular cerebellar networks during postnatal development, molecules in GCs are expected to be involved. Here, we test the effects of the knockdown (KD) of multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains protein 11 (MEGF11), which is a homolog of proteins mediating astrocytic phagocytosis but is substantially increased at the later developmental stages of GCs on cerebellar development. MEGF11-KD in GCs of developing mice results in abnormal cerebellar structures, including extensively ectopic Purkinje cell (PC) somas, and in impaired motor functions. MEGF11-KD also causes abnormally asynchronous synaptic release from GC axons, parallel fibers, before the appearance of abnormal cerebellar structures. Interestingly, blockade of this abnormal synaptic release restores most of the cerebellar structures. Thus, apart from phagocytic functions of its related homologs in astrocytes, MEGF11 in GCs promotes proper PC development and cerebellar network formation by regulating immature synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Jun
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Muwoong Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoun Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Czech VL, O'Connor LC, Philippon B, Norman E, Byrne AB. TIR-1/SARM1 inhibits axon regeneration and promotes axon degeneration. eLife 2023; 12:80856. [PMID: 37083456 PMCID: PMC10121217 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and destruction are central components of the neuronal injury response. Injured axons that are capable of repair, including axons in the mammalian peripheral nervous system and in many invertebrate animals, often regenerate and degenerate on either side of the injury. Here we show that TIR-1/dSarm/SARM1, a key regulator of axon degeneration, also inhibits regeneration of injured motor axons. The increased regeneration in tir-1 mutants is not a secondary consequence of its effects on degeneration, nor is it determined by the NADase activity of TIR-1. Rather, we found that TIR-1 functions cell-autonomously to regulate each of the seemingly opposite processes through distinct interactions with two MAP kinase pathways. On one side of the injury, TIR-1 inhibits axon regeneration by activating the NSY-1/ASK1 MAPK signaling cascade, while on the other side of the injury, TIR-1 simultaneously promotes axon degeneration by interacting with the DLK-1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. In parallel, we found that the ability to cell-intrinsically inhibit axon regeneration is conserved in human SARM1. Our finding that TIR-1/SARM1 regulates axon regeneration provides critical insight into how axons coordinate a multidimensional response to injury, consequently informing approaches to manipulate the response toward repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Czech
- Department of Neurobiology, UMass Chan Massachusetts Medical School
| | | | | | - Emily Norman
- Department of Neurobiology, UMass Chan Massachusetts Medical School
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6
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Suzuki N, Zou Y, Sun H, Eichel K, Shao M, Shih M, Shen K, Chang C. Two intrinsic timing mechanisms set start and end times for dendritic arborization of a nociceptive neuron. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210053119. [PMID: 36322763 PMCID: PMC9659368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210053119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Choreographic dendritic arborization takes place within a defined time frame, but the timing mechanism is currently not known. Here, we report that the precisely timed lin-4-lin-14 regulatory circuit triggers an initial dendritic growth activity, whereas the precisely timed lin-28-let-7-lin-41 regulatory circuit signals a subsequent developmental decline in dendritic growth ability, hence restricting dendritic arborization within a set time frame. Loss-of-function mutations in the lin-4 microRNA gene cause limited dendritic outgrowth, whereas loss-of-function mutations in its direct target, the lin-14 transcription factor gene, cause precocious and excessive outgrowth. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in the let-7 microRNA gene prevent a developmental decline in dendritic growth ability, whereas loss-of-function mutations in its direct target, the lin-41 tripartite motif protein gene, cause further decline. lin-4 and let-7 regulatory circuits are expressed in the right place at the right time to set start and end times for dendritic arborization. Replacing the lin-4 upstream cis-regulatory sequence at the lin-4 locus with a late-onset let-7 upstream cis-regulatory sequence delays dendrite arborization, whereas replacing the let-7 upstream cis-regulatory sequence at the let-7 locus with an early-onset lin-4 upstream cis-regulatory sequence causes a precocious decline in dendritic growth ability. Our results indicate that the lin-4-lin-14 and the lin-28-let-7-lin-41 regulatory circuits control the timing of dendrite arborization through antagonistic regulation of the DMA-1 receptor level on dendrites. The LIN-14 transcription factor likely directly represses dma-1 gene expression through a transcriptional means, whereas the LIN-41 tripartite motif protein likely indirectly promotes dma-1 gene expression through a posttranscriptional means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - HaoSheng Sun
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Kelsie Eichel
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Meiyu Shao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mushaine Shih
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Kang Shen
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chieh Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
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7
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Zarkovic N, Zarkovic K. Oxidative stress and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:154-165. [PMID: 35149216 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is the process of replacing/restoring a damaged cell/tissue/organ to its full function and is limited respecting complexity of specific organ structures and the level of differentiation of the cells. Unlike physiological cell turnover, this tissue replacement form is activated upon pathological stimuli such as injury and/or disease that usually involves inflammatory response. To which extent will tissue repair itself depends on many factors and involves different mechanisms. Oxidative stress is one of them, either acute, as in case of traumatic brin injury or chronic, as in case of neurodegeneration, oxidative stress within brain involves lipid peroxidation, which generates reactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). While 4-HNE is certainly neurotoxic and causes disruption of the blood brain barrier in case of severe injuries, it is also physiologically produced by glial cells, especially astrocytes, but its physiological roles within CNS are not understood. Because 4-HNE can regulate the response of the other cells in the body to stress, enhance their antioxidant capacities, proliferation and differentiation, we could assume that it may also have some beneficial role for neuroregeneration. Therefore, future studies on the relevance of 4-HNE for the interaction between neuronal cells, notably stem cells and reactive astrocytes might reveal novel options to better monitor and treat consequences or brain injuries, neurodegeneration and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morana Jaganjac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Div. Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Milkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Div. Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Div. Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Div. of Pathology, Neuropathology Unit, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Juanez K, Ghose P. Repurposing the Killing Machine: Non-canonical Roles of the Cell Death Apparatus in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:825124. [PMID: 35237604 PMCID: PMC8882910 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.825124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we highlight the increasingly divergent functions of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell elimination genes in the nervous system, beyond their well-documented roles in cell dismantling and removal. We describe relevant background on the C. elegans nervous system together with the apoptotic cell death and engulfment pathways, highlighting pioneering work in C. elegans. We discuss in detail the unexpected, atypical roles of cell elimination genes in various aspects of neuronal development, response and function. This includes the regulation of cell division, pruning, axon regeneration, and behavioral outputs. We share our outlook on expanding our thinking as to what cell elimination genes can do and noting their versatility. We speculate on the existence of novel genes downstream and upstream of the canonical cell death pathways relevant to neuronal biology. We also propose future directions emphasizing the exploration of the roles of cell death genes in pruning and guidance during embryonic development.
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9
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Losada-Pérez M, García-Guillén N, Casas-Tintó S. A novel injury paradigm in the central nervous system of adult Drosophila: molecular, cellular and functional aspects. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:268374. [PMID: 34061177 PMCID: PMC8214735 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) exhibits limited regenerative capacity and the mechanisms that mediate its regeneration are not fully understood. Here, we present a novel experimental design to damage the CNS by using a contusion injury paradigm. The design of this protocol allows the study of long-term and short-term cellular responses, including those of the CNS and the immune system, and of any implications regarding functional recovery. We demonstrate for the first time that adult Drosophilamelanogaster glial cells undergo spontaneous functional recovery following crush injury. This crush injury leads to an intermediate level of functional recovery after damage, which is ideal to screen for genes that facilitate or prevent the regeneration process. Here, we validate this model and analyse the immune responses of glial cells as a central regulator of functional regeneration. Additionally, we demonstrate that glial cells and macrophages contribute to functional regeneration through mechanisms involving the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and the Drosophila protein Draper (Drpr), characteristic of other neural injury paradigms. We show that macrophages are recruited to the injury site and are required for functional recovery. Further, we show that the proteins Grindelwald and Drpr in Drosophila glial cells mediate activation of JNK, and that expression of drpr is dependent on JNK activation. Finally, we link neuron-glial communication and the requirement of neuronal vesicular transport to regulation of the JNK pathway and functional recovery. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Central nervous system crush injury paradigm in adult Drosophilamelanogaster is a suitable model to study the cellular events, and genetic pathways behind injury responses and functional regeneration. We describe the immune responses of glial cells, neurons and macrophages following injury, and the functional relevance of each response.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Losada-Pérez
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Guillén
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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10
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JNK Pathway in CNS Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083883. [PMID: 33918666 PMCID: PMC8070500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway is a conserved response to a wide range of internal and external cellular stress signals. Beside the stress response, the JNK pathway is involved in a series of vital regulatory mechanisms during development and adulthood that are critical to maintain tissue homeostasis. These mechanisms include the regulation of apoptosis, growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. The JNK pathway has a diverse functionality and cell-tissue specificity, and has emerged as a key player in regeneration, tumorigenesis and other pathologies. The JNK pathway is highly active in the central nervous system (CNS), and plays a central role when cells need to cope with pathophysiological insults during development and adulthood. Here, we review the implications of the JNK pathway in pathologies of the CNS. More specifically, we discuss some newly identified examples and mechanisms of JNK-driven tumor progression in glioblastoma, regeneration/repair after an injury, neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death. All these new discoveries support the central role of JNK in CNS pathologies and reinforce the idea of JNK as potential target to reduce their detrimental effects.
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11
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Yang Y, Dong W, Wu Q, Wang D. Response of G protein-coupled receptor CED-1 in germline to polystyrene nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1997-2006. [PMID: 36133095 PMCID: PMC9419163 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00867b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of a certain amount of nanopolystyrene (NPS) can be observed in the gonad of Caenorhabditis elegans. However, we still know little about the response of germline towards NPS exposure. In the germline of C. elegans, NPS (1-1000 μg L-1) increased the expression levels of two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely PAQR-2 and CED-1. Moreover, susceptibility to NPS toxicity was observed in ced-1(RNAi) worms, which suggested that the protective response of germline was mediated by GPCR CED-1. In the germline, five proteins (CED-10, VPS-34, SNX-1, RAB-7, and RAB-14) functioned as downstream targets of GPCR CED-1 in controlling NPS toxicity. Furthermore, these five targets in the germline regulated NPS toxicity by affecting the activities of p38 MAPK and insulin signaling pathways in intestinal cells. Therefore, we raised a GPCR CED-1-mediated signaling cascade in the germline in response to NPS exposure, which is helpful for understanding the molecular basis of the germline in response to NPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Yang
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Wenting Dong
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
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12
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Chang C, Hisamoto N. Engulfment Genes Promote Neuronal Regeneration in
Caenorhabditis Elegans
: Two Divergent But Complementary Views. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900185. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 USA
| | - Naoki Hisamoto
- Dept. of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho, Chikusa‐ku, Aichi Prefecture Nagoya 464‐8602 Japan
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13
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Wang Y, Li B, Xu H, Du S, Liu T, Ren J, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liu Y, Lu L. Growth and elongation of axons through mechanical tension mediated by fluorescent-magnetic bifunctional Fe 3O 4·Rhodamine 6G@PDA superparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:64. [PMID: 32334582 PMCID: PMC7183675 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The primary strategy to repair peripheral nerve injuries is to bridge the lesions by promoting axon regeneration. Thus, the ability to direct and manipulate neuronal cell axon regeneration has been one of the top priorities in the field of neuroscience. A recent innovative approach for remotely guiding neuronal regeneration is to incorporate magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into cells and transfer the resulting MNP-loaded cells into a magnetically sensitive environment to respond to an external magnetic field. To realize this intention, the synthesis and preparation of ideal MNPs is an important challenge to overcome. Results In this study, we designed and prepared novel fluorescent-magnetic bifunctional Fe3O4·Rhodamine 6G@polydopamine superparticles (FMSPs) as neural regeneration therapeutics. With the help of their excellent biocompatibility and ability to interact with neural cells, our in-house fabricated FMSPs can be endocytosed into cells, transported along the axons, and then aggregated in the growth cones. As a result, the mechanical forces generated by FMSPs can promote the growth and elongation of axons and stimulate gene expression associated with neuron growth under external magnetic fields. Conclusions Our work demonstrates that FMSPs can be used as a novel stimulator to promote noninvasive neural regeneration through cell magnetic actuation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Binxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Laijin Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Singh P, Donlea JM. Bidirectional Regulation of Sleep and Synapse Pruning after Neural Injury. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1063-1076.e3. [PMID: 32142703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Following acute neural injury, severed axons undergo programmed Wallerian degeneration over several following days. While sleep has been linked with synaptic reorganization under other conditions, the role of sleep in responses to neural injuries remains poorly understood. To study the relationship between sleep and neural injury responses, we examined Drosophila melanogaster following the removal of antennae or other sensory tissues. Daytime sleep is elevated after antennal or wing injury, but sleep returns to baseline levels within 24 h after injury. Similar increases in sleep are not observed when olfactory receptor neurons are silenced or when other sensory organs are severed, suggesting that increased sleep after injury is not attributed to sensory deprivation, nociception, or generalized inflammatory responses. Neuroprotective disruptions of the E3 ubiquitin ligase highwire and c-Jun N-terminal kinase basket in olfactory receptor neurons weaken the sleep-promoting effects of antennal injury, suggesting that post-injury sleep may be influenced by the clearance of damaged neurons. Finally, we show that pre-synaptic active zones are preferentially removed from severed axons within hours after injury and that depriving recently injured flies of sleep slows the removal of both active zones and damaged axons. These data support a bidirectional interaction between sleep and synapse pruning after antennal injury: locally increasing the need to clear neural debris is associated with increased sleep, which is required for efficient active zone removal after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjit Singh
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Donlea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA.
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15
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Farkas Z, Petric M, Liu X, Herit F, Rajnavölgyi É, Szondy Z, Budai Z, Orbán TI, Sándor S, Mehta A, Bajtay Z, Kovács T, Jung SY, Afaq Shakir M, Qin J, Zhou Z, Niedergang F, Boissan M, Takács-Vellai K. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase NDK-1/NME1 promotes phagocytosis in concert with DYN-1/Dynamin. FASEB J 2019; 33:11606-11614. [PMID: 31242766 PMCID: PMC6819981 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900220r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis of various targets, such as apoptotic cells or opsonized pathogens, by macrophages is coordinated by a complex signaling network initiated by distinct phagocytic receptors. Despite the different initial signaling pathways, each pathway ends up regulating the actin cytoskeletal network, phagosome formation and closure, and phagosome maturation leading to degradation of the engulfed particle. Herein, we describe a new phagocytic function for the nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NDK-1), the nematode counterpart of the first identified metastasis inhibitor NM23-H1 (nonmetastatic clone number 23) nonmetastatic clone number 23 or nonmetastatic isoform 1 (NME1). We reveal by coimmunoprecipitation, Duolink proximity ligation assay, and mass spectrometry that NDK-1/NME1 works in a complex with DYN-1/Dynamin (Caenorhabditis elegans/human homolog proteins), which is essential for engulfment and phagosome maturation. Time-lapse microscopy shows that NDK-1 is expressed on phagosomal surfaces during cell corpse clearance in the same time window as DYN-1. Silencing of NM23-M1 in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages resulted in decreased phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes. In human macrophages, NM23-H1 and Dynamin are corecruited at sites of phagosome formation in F-actin–rich cups. In addition, NM23-H1 was required for efficient phagocytosis. Together, our data demonstrate that NDK-1/NME1 is an evolutionarily conserved element of successful phagocytosis.—Farkas, Z., Petric, M., Liu, X., Herit, F., Rajnavölgyi, É., Szondy, Z., Budai, Z., Orbán, T. I., Sándor, S., Mehta, A., Bajtay, Z., Kovács, T., Jung, S. Y., Afaq Shakir, M., Qin, J., Zhou, Z., Niedergang, F., Boissan, M., Takács-Vellai, K. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase NDK-1/NME1 promotes phagocytosis in concert with DYN-1/dynamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Farkas
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Metka Petric
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Floriane Herit
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Éva Rajnavölgyi
- Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Budai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás I Orbán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Sándor
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anil Mehta
- Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology and MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Muhammed Afaq Shakir
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Florence Niedergang
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Université, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France; and.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hospital Tenon, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Paris, France
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