1
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Zeng K, Yu X, Plenio MB, Wang ZY. Wide-Band Unambiguous Quantum Sensing via Geodesic Evolution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:250801. [PMID: 38996246 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.250801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
We present a quantum sensing technique that utilizes a sequence of π pulses to cyclically drive the qubit dynamics along a geodesic path of adiabatic evolution. This approach effectively suppresses the effects of both decoherence noise and control errors while simultaneously removing unwanted resonance terms, such as higher harmonics and spurious responses commonly encountered in dynamical decoupling control. As a result, our technique offers robust, wide-band, unambiguous, and high-resolution quantum sensing capabilities for signal detection and individual addressing of quantum systems, including spins. To demonstrate its versatility, we showcase successful applications of our method in both low-frequency and high-frequency sensing scenarios. The significance of this quantum sensing technique extends to the detection of complex signals and the control of intricate quantum environments. By enhancing detection accuracy and enabling precise manipulation of quantum systems, our method holds considerable promise for a variety of practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Wu Z, Wang P, Wang T, Li Y, Liu R, Chen Y, Peng X, Liu RB. Selective Detection of Dynamics-Complete Set of Correlations via Quantum Channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:200802. [PMID: 38829065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Correlations of fluctuations are essential to understanding many-body systems and key information for advancing quantum technologies. To fully describe the dynamics of a physical system, all time-ordered correlations (TOCs), i.e., the dynamics-complete set of correlations are needed. The current measurement techniques can only access a limited set of TOCs, and there has been no systematic and feasible solution for extracting the dynamic-complete set of correlations hitherto. Here we propose a platform-universal protocol to selectively detect arbitrary types of TOCs via quantum channels. In our method, the quantum channels are synthesized with various controls, and engineer the evolution of a sensor-target system along a specific path that corresponds to a desired correlation. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, we experimentally demonstrate this protocol by detecting a specific type of fourth-order TOC that has never been accessed previously. We also show that the knowledge of the TOCs can be used to significantly improve the precision of quantum optimal control. Our method provides a new toolbox for characterizing the quantum many-body states and quantum noise, and hence for advancing the fields of quantum sensing and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ran Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ren-Bao Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Dyte HE, Gillard G, Manna S, Covre da Silva SF, Rastelli A, Chekhovich EA. Is Wave Function Collapse Necessary? Explaining Quantum Nondemolition Measurement of a Spin Qubit within Linear Evolution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:160804. [PMID: 38701456 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.160804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The measurement problem dates back to the dawn of quantum mechanics. Here, we measure a quantum dot electron spin qubit through off-resonant coupling with a highly redundant ancilla, consisting of thousands of nuclear spins. Large redundancy allows for single-shot measurement with high fidelity ≈99.85%. Repeated measurements enable heralded initialization of the qubit and backaction-free detection of electron spin quantum jumps, attributed to burstlike fluctuations in a thermally populated phonon bath. Based on these results we argue that the measurement, linking quantum states to classical observables, can be made without any "wave function collapse" in agreement with the Quantum Darwinism concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry E Dyte
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - George Gillard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Santanu Manna
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Saimon F Covre da Silva
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Evgeny A Chekhovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
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4
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Herb K, Segawa TF, Völker LA, Abendroth JM, Janitz E, Zhu T, Degen CL. Multidimensional Spectroscopy of Nuclear Spin Clusters in Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:133002. [PMID: 38613260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Optically active spin defects in solids offer promising platforms to investigate nuclear spin clusters with high sensitivity and atomic-site resolution. To leverage near-surface defects for molecular structure analysis in chemical and biological contexts using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), further advances in spectroscopic characterization of nuclear environments are essential. Here, we report Fourier spectroscopy techniques to improve localization and mapping of the test bed ^{13}C nuclear spin environment of individual, shallow nitrogen-vacancy centers at room temperature. We use multidimensional spectroscopy, well-known from classical NMR, in combination with weak measurements of single-nuclear-spin precession. We demonstrate two examples of multidimensional NMR: (i) improved nuclear spin localization by separate encoding of the two hyperfine components along spectral dimensions and (ii) spectral editing of nuclear-spin pairs, including measurement of internuclear coupling constants. Our work adds important tools for the spectroscopic analysis of molecular structures by single-spin probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Herb
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takuya F Segawa
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura A Völker
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John M Abendroth
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erika Janitz
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian L Degen
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Hu Z, Jiang F, He J, Dai Y, Wang Y, Xu N, Du J. Four-Order Power Reduction in Nanoscale Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance with a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamonds. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2846-2852. [PMID: 38391130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Detecting nuclear spins using single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers is of particular importance in nanoscale science and engineering but often suffers from the heating effect of microwave fields for spin manipulation, especially under high magnetic fields. Here, we realize an energy-efficient nanoscale nuclear-spin detection using a phase-modulation electron-nuclear double resonance scheme. The microwave field can be reduced to 1/250 of the previous requirements, and the corresponding power is over four orders lower. Meanwhile, the microwave-induced broadening to the line-width of the spectroscopy is significantly canceled, and we achieve a nuclear-spin spectrum with a resolution down to 2.1 kHz under a magnetic field at 1840 Gs. The spectral resolution can be further improved by upgrading the experimental control precision. This scheme can also be used in sensing microwave fields and can be extended to a wide range of applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Hu
- Institute of Quantum Sensing and College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Fengjian Jiang
- School of Information Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Jingyan He
- Institute of Quantum Sensing and College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yulin Dai
- Institute of Quantum Sensing and College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Nanyang Xu
- Institute of Quantum Sensing and College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Institute of Quantum Sensing and College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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6
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Ho LB. Quantum backaction effects in sequential measurements. ANNALS OF PHYSICS 2023; 453:169310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2023.169310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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7
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Shen Y, Wang P, Cheung CT, Wrachtrup J, Liu RB, Yang S. Detection of Quantum Signals Free of Classical Noise via Quantum Correlation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:070802. [PMID: 36867814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracting useful signals is key to both classical and quantum technologies. Conventional noise filtering methods rely on different patterns of signal and noise in frequency or time domains, thus limiting their scope of application, especially in quantum sensing. Here, we propose a signal-nature-based (not signal-pattern-based) approach which singles out a quantum signal from its classical noise background by employing the intrinsic quantum nature of the system. We design a novel protocol to extract the quantum correlation signal and use it to single out the signal of a remote nuclear spin from its overwhelming classical noise backgrounds, which is impossible to be accomplished by conventional filter methods. Our Letter demonstrates the quantum or classical nature as a new degree of freedom in quantum sensing. The further generalization of this quantum nature-based method opens a new direction in quantum research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Physics and the IAS Center for Quantum Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Education for the future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Quantum Coherence and The Hong Kong Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Tung Cheung
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ren-Bao Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Quantum Coherence and The Hong Kong Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Physics and the IAS Center for Quantum Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Rovny J, Yuan Z, Fitzpatrick M, Abdalla AI, Futamura L, Fox C, Cambria MC, Kolkowitz S, de Leon NP. Nanoscale covariance magnetometry with diamond quantum sensors. Science 2022; 378:1301-1305. [PMID: 36548408 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade9858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are atom-scale defects that can be used to sense magnetic fields with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. Typically, the magnetic field is measured by averaging sequential measurements of single NV centers, or by spatial averaging over ensembles of many NV centers, which provides mean values that contain no nonlocal information about the relationship between two points separated in space or time. Here, we propose and implement a sensing modality whereby two or more NV centers are measured simultaneously, and we extract temporal and spatial correlations in their signals that would otherwise be inaccessible. We demonstrate measurements of correlated applied noise using spin-to-charge readout of two NV centers and implement a spectral reconstruction protocol for disentangling local and nonlocal noise sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Rovny
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zhiyang Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mattias Fitzpatrick
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ahmed I Abdalla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Laura Futamura
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Carter Fox
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Shimon Kolkowitz
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nathalie P de Leon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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9
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Dasari DBR, Yang S, Chakrabarti A, Finkler A, Kurizki G, Wrachtrup J. Anti-Zeno purification of spin baths by quantum probe measurements. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7527. [PMID: 36473849 PMCID: PMC9726817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno paradigms have thus far addressed the evolution control of a quantum system coupled to an immutable bath via non-selective measurements performed at appropriate intervals. We fundamentally modify these paradigms by introducing, theoretically and experimentally, the concept of controlling the bath state via selective measurements of the system (a qubit). We show that at intervals corresponding to the anti-Zeno regime of the system-bath exchange, a sequence of measurements has strongly correlated outcomes. These correlations can dramatically enhance the bath-state purity and yield a low-entropy steady state of the bath. The purified bath state persists long after the measurements are completed. Such purification enables the exploitation of spin baths as long-lived quantum memories or as quantum-enhanced sensors. The experiment involved a repeatedly probed defect center dephased by a nuclear spin bath in a diamond at low-temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao Dasari
- grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 97133.Physics Institute, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies, IQST, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70569 Germany
| | - Sen Yang
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arnab Chakrabarti
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Finkler
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gershon Kurizki
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 97133.Physics Institute, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies, IQST, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70569 Germany ,grid.419552.e0000 0001 1015 6736Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
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10
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Janitz E, Herb K, Völker LA, Huxter WS, Degen CL, Abendroth JM. Diamond surface engineering for molecular sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:13533-13569. [PMID: 36324301 PMCID: PMC9521415 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc01258h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum sensing using optically addressable atomic-scale defects, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, provides new opportunities for sensitive and highly localized characterization of chemical functionality. Notably, near-surface defects facilitate detection of the minute magnetic fields generated by nuclear or electron spins outside of the diamond crystal, such as those in chemisorbed and physisorbed molecules. However, the promise of NV centers is hindered by a severe degradation of critical sensor properties, namely charge stability and spin coherence, near surfaces (< ca. 10 nm deep). Moreover, applications in the chemical sciences require methods for covalent bonding of target molecules to diamond with robust control over density, orientation, and binding configuration. This forward-looking Review provides a survey of the rapidly converging fields of diamond surface science and NV-center physics, highlighting their combined potential for quantum sensing of molecules. We outline the diamond surface properties that are advantageous for NV-sensing applications, and discuss strategies to mitigate deleterious effects while simultaneously providing avenues for chemical attachment. Finally, we present an outlook on emerging applications in which the unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution of NV-based sensing could provide unique insight into chemically functionalized surfaces at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Janitz
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Herb
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Laura A Völker
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - William S Huxter
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christian L Degen
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - John M Abendroth
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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11
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Leppenen NV, Smirnov DS. Optical measurement of electron spins in quantum dots: quantum Zeno effects. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13284-13291. [PMID: 36062980 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01241c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe theoretically the effects of the quantum back action under the continuous optical measurement of electron spins in quantum dots. We consider the system excitation by elliptically polarized light close to the trion resonance, which allows for simultaneous spin orientation and measurement. We microscopically demonstrate that the nuclei-induced spin relaxation can be both suppressed and accelerated by the continuous spin measurement due to the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects, respectively. Our theoretical predictions can be directly compared with the future experimental results and straightforwardly generalized for pump-probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D S Smirnov
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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12
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Quantum nonlinear spectroscopy of single nuclear spins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5318. [PMID: 36085280 PMCID: PMC9463177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional nonlinear spectroscopy, which use classical probes, can only access a limited set of correlations in a quantum system. Here we demonstrate that quantum nonlinear spectroscopy, in which a quantum sensor and a quantum object are first entangled and the sensor is measured along a chosen basis, can extract arbitrary types and orders of correlations in a quantum system. We measured fourth-order correlations of single nuclear spins that cannot be measured in conventional nonlinear spectroscopy, using sequential weak measurement via a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The quantum nonlinear spectroscopy provides fingerprint features to identify different types of objects, such as Gaussian noises, random-phased AC fields, and quantum spins, which would be indistinguishable in second-order correlations. This work constitutes an initial step toward the application of higher-order correlations to quantum sensing, to examining the quantum foundation (by, e.g., higher-order Leggett-Garg inequality), and to studying quantum many-body physics. Signals that look the same from their low-order correlations can often be distinguished by looking at higher-order ones. Here, the authors exploit the sensitivity of quantum nonlinear spectroscopy to fourth-order correlations to identify Gaussian noises, random-phased AC fields, and quantum spins.
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13
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Lupu-Gladstein N, Yilmaz YB, Arvidsson-Shukur DRM, Brodutch A, Pang AOT, Steinberg AM, Halpern NY. Negative Quasiprobabilities Enhance Phase Estimation in Quantum-Optics Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:220504. [PMID: 35714243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.220504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Operator noncommutation, a hallmark of quantum theory, limits measurement precision, according to uncertainty principles. Wielded correctly, though, noncommutation can boost precision. A recent foundational result relates a metrological advantage with negative quasiprobabilities-quantum extensions of probabilities-engendered by noncommuting operators. We crystallize the relationship in an equation that we prove theoretically and observe experimentally. Our proof-of-principle optical experiment features a filtering technique that we term partially postselected amplification (PPA). Using PPA, we measure a wave plate's birefringent phase. PPA amplifies, by over two orders of magnitude, the information obtained about the phase per detected photon. In principle, PPA can boost the information obtained from the average filtered photon by an arbitrarily large factor. The filter's amplification of systematic errors, we find, bounds the theoretically unlimited advantage in practice. PPA can facilitate any phase measurement and mitigates challenges that scale with trial number, such as proportional noise and detector saturation. By quantifying PPA's metrological advantage with quasiprobabilities, we reveal deep connections between quantum foundations and precision measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Lupu-Gladstein
- CQIQC and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Y Batuhan Yilmaz
- CQIQC and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | | | - Aharon Brodutch
- CQIQC and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Arthur O T Pang
- CQIQC and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Aephraim M Steinberg
- CQIQC and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Nicole Yunger Halpern
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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14
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Cujia KS, Herb K, Zopes J, Abendroth JM, Degen CL. Parallel detection and spatial mapping of large nuclear spin clusters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1260. [PMID: 35273190 PMCID: PMC8913684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the atomic scale offers exciting prospects for determining the structure and function of individual molecules and proteins. Quantum defects in diamond have recently emerged as a promising platform towards reaching this goal, and allowed for the detection and localization of single nuclear spins under ambient conditions. Here, we present an efficient strategy for extending imaging to large nuclear spin clusters, fulfilling an important requirement towards a single-molecule MRI technique. Our method combines the concepts of weak quantum measurements, phase encoding and simulated annealing to detect three-dimensional positions from many nuclei in parallel. Detection is spatially selective, allowing us to probe nuclei at a chosen target radius while avoiding interference from strongly-coupled proximal nuclei. We demonstrate our strategy by imaging clusters containing more than 20 carbon-13 nuclear spins within a radius of 2.4 nm from single, near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centers at room temperature. The radius extrapolates to 5-6 nm for 1H. Beside taking an important step in nanoscale MRI, our experiment also provides an efficient tool for the characterization of large nuclear spin registers in the context of quantum simulators and quantum network nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Cujia
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,IT'IS Foundation, Zeughausstrasse 43, 8004, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - K Herb
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - J Zopes
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Ansys Switzerland GmbH, Technoparkstrasse 1, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - J M Abendroth
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - C L Degen
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Beatrez W, Janes O, Akkiraju A, Pillai A, Oddo A, Reshetikhin P, Druga E, McAllister M, Elo M, Gilbert B, Suter D, Ajoy A. Floquet Prethermalization with Lifetime Exceeding 90 s in a Bulk Hyperpolarized Solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:170603. [PMID: 34739295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of long-lived Floquet prethermal states in a bulk solid composed of dipolar-coupled ^{13}C nuclei in diamond at room temperature. For precessing nuclear spins prepared in an initial transverse state, we demonstrate pulsed spin-lock Floquet control that prevents their decay over multiple-minute-long periods. We observe Floquet prethermal lifetimes T_{2}^{'}≈90.9 s, extended >60 000-fold over the nuclear free induction decay times. The spins themselves are continuously interrogated for ∼10 min, corresponding to the application of ≈5.8×10^{6} control pulses. The ^{13}C nuclei are optically hyperpolarized by lattice nitrogen vacancy centers; the combination of hyperpolarization and continuous spin readout yields significant signal-to-noise ratio in the measurements. This allows probing the Floquet thermalization dynamics with unprecedented clarity. We identify four characteristic regimes of the thermalization process, discerning short-time transient processes leading to the prethermal plateau and long-time system heating toward infinite temperature. This Letter points to new opportunities possible via Floquet control in networks of dilute, randomly distributed, low-sensitivity nuclei. In particular, the combination of minutes-long prethermal lifetimes and continuous spin interrogation opens avenues for quantum sensors constructed from hyperpolarized Floquet prethermal nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Beatrez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Otto Janes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Amala Akkiraju
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Arjun Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Oddo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Paul Reshetikhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Emanuel Druga
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Maxwell McAllister
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mark Elo
- Tabor Electronics, Inc., Hatasia 9, Nesher 3660301, Israel
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Energy Geoscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dieter Suter
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ashok Ajoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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16
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Yu CJ, von Kugelgen S, Laorenza DW, Freedman DE. A Molecular Approach to Quantum Sensing. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:712-723. [PMID: 34079892 PMCID: PMC8161477 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The second quantum revolution hinges on the creation of materials that unite atomic structural precision with electronic and structural tunability. A molecular approach to quantum information science (QIS) promises to enable the bottom-up creation of quantum systems. Within the broad reach of QIS, which spans fields ranging from quantum computation to quantum communication, we will focus on quantum sensing. Quantum sensing harnesses quantum control to interrogate the world around us. A broadly applicable class of quantum sensors would feature adaptable environmental compatibility, control over distance from the target analyte, and a tunable energy range of interaction. Molecules enable customizable "designer" quantum sensors with tunable functionality and compatibility across a range of environments. These capabilities offer the potential to bring unmatched sensitivity and spatial resolution to address a wide range of sensing tasks from the characterization of dynamic biological processes to the detection of emergent phenomena in condensed matter. In this Outlook, we outline the concepts and design criteria central to quantum sensors and look toward the next generation of designer quantum sensors based on new classes of molecular sensors.
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17
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Abstract
Diamond quantum sensors are sensitive to weak microwave magnetic fields resonant to the spin transitions. However, the spectral resolution in such protocols is ultimately limited by the sensor lifetime. Here, we demonstrate a heterodyne detection method for microwaves (MW) leading to a lifetime independent spectral resolution in the GHz range. We reference the MW signal to a local oscillator by generating the initial superposition state from a coherent source. Experimentally, we achieve a spectral resolution below 1 Hz for a 4 GHz signal far below the sensor lifetime limit of kilohertz. Furthermore, we show control over the interaction of the MW-field with the two-level system by applying dressing fields, pulsed Mollow absorption and Floquet dynamics under strong longitudinal radio frequency drive. While pulsed Mollow absorption leads to improved sensitivity, the Floquet dynamics allow robust control, independent from the system’s resonance frequency. Our work is important for future studies in sensing weak microwave signals in a wide frequency range with high spectral resolution. High-resolution microwave detection with NV centers in diamond is currently applicable to signals with frequencies below 10 MHz, thus limiting their range of applications. Here, the authors demonstrate detection of GHz signals with sub-Hz spectral resolution, not limited by the quantum sensor lifetime.
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18
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Wu KD, Bäumer E, Tang JF, Hovhannisyan KV, Perarnau-Llobet M, Xiang GY, Li CF, Guo GC. Minimizing Backaction through Entangled Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:210401. [PMID: 33275014 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When an observable is measured on an evolving coherent quantum system twice, the first measurement generally alters the statistics of the second one, which is known as measurement backaction. We introduce, and push to its theoretical and experimental limits, a novel method of backaction evasion, whereby entangled collective measurements are performed on several copies of the system. This method is inspired by a similar idea designed for the problem of measuring quantum work [Perarnau-Llobet et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 070601 (2017)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.118.070601]. By using entanglement as a resource, we show that the backaction can be extremely suppressed compared to all previous schemes. Importantly, the backaction can be eliminated in highly coherent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Da Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Elisa Bäumer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jun-Feng Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Karen V Hovhannisyan
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Guo-Yong Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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19
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Utilising NV based quantum sensing for velocimetry at the nanoscale. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5298. [PMID: 32210251 PMCID: PMC7093499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds have been shown in recent years to be excellent magnetometers on the nanoscale. One of the recent applications of the quantum sensor is retrieving the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrum of a minute sample, whose net polarization is well below the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of classic devices. The information in the magnetic noise of diffusing particles has also been shown in decoherence spectroscopy approaches to provide a method for measuring different physical parameters. Similar noise is induced on the NV center by a flowing liquid. However, when the noise created by diffusion effects is more dominant than the noise of the drift, it is unclear whether the velocity can be efficiently estimated. Here we propose a non-intrusive setup for measuring the drift velocity near the surface of a flow channel based on magnetic field quantum sensing using NV centers. We provide a detailed analysis of the sensitivity for different measurement protocols, and we show that our nanoscale velocimetry scheme outperforms current fluorescence based approaches even when diffusion noise is dominant. Our scheme can be applied for the investigation of microfluidic channels, where the drift velocity is usually low and the flow properties are currently unclear. A better understanding of these properties is essential for the future development of microfluidic and nanofluidic infrastructures.
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20
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Liu G, Chen M, Liu YX, Layden D, Cappellaro P. Repetitive readout enhanced by machine learning. MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/ab4e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Single-shot readout is a key component for scalable quantum information processing. However, many solid-state qubits with favorable properties lack the single-shot readout capability. One solution is to use the repetitive quantum-non-demolition readout technique, where the qubit is correlated with an ancilla, which is subsequently read out. The readout fidelity is therefore limited by the back-action on the qubit from the measurement. Traditionally, a threshold method is taken, where only the total photon count is used to discriminate qubit state, discarding all the information of the back-action hidden in the time trace of repetitive readout measurement. Here we show by using machine learning (ML), one obtains higher readout fidelity by taking advantage of the time trace data. ML is able to identify when back-action happened, and correctly read out the original state. Since the information is already recorded (but usually discarded), this improvement in fidelity does not consume additional experimental time, and could be directly applied to preparation-by-measurement and quantum metrology applications involving repetitive readout.
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21
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Atomic-scale imaging of a 27-nuclear-spin cluster using a quantum sensor. Nature 2019; 576:411-415. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Wang P, Chen C, Peng X, Wrachtrup J, Liu RB. Characterization of Arbitrary-Order Correlations in Quantum Baths by Weak Measurement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:050603. [PMID: 31491311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Correlations of fluctuations are the driving forces behind the dynamics and thermodynamics in quantum many-body systems. For qubits embedded in a quantum bath, the correlations in the bath are key to understanding and combating decoherence-a critical issue in quantum information technology. However, there is no systematic method for characterizing the many-body correlations in quantum baths beyond the second order or the Gaussian approximation. Here we present a scheme to characterize the correlations in a quantum bath to arbitrary order. The scheme employs a weak measurement of the bath via the projective measurement of a central system. The bath correlations, including both the "classical" and the "quantum" parts, can be reconstructed from the correlations of the measurement outputs. The possibility of full characterization of many-body correlations in a quantum bath forms the basis for optimizing quantum control against decoherence in realistic environments, for studying the quantum characteristics of baths, and for the quantum sensing of correlated clusters in quantum baths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Research Center SCoPE and IQST, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ren-Bao Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Tracking the precession of single nuclear spins by weak measurements. Nature 2019; 571:230-233. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Wang ZY, Lang JE, Schmitt S, Lang J, Casanova J, McGuinness L, Monteiro TS, Jelezko F, Plenio MB. Randomization of Pulse Phases for Unambiguous and Robust Quantum Sensing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:200403. [PMID: 31172750 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We develop theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a universal dynamical decoupling method for robust quantum sensing with unambiguous signal identification. Our method uses randomization of control pulses to simultaneously suppress two types of errors in the measured spectra that would otherwise lead to false signal identification. These are spurious responses due to finite-width π pulses, as well as signal distortion caused by π pulse imperfections. For the cases of nanoscale nuclear-spin sensing and ac magnetometry, we benchmark the performance of the protocol with a single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond against widely used nonrandomized pulse sequences. Our method is general and can be combined with existing multipulse quantum sensing sequences to enhance their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jacob E Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, England WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Lang
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jorge Casanova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Liam McGuinness
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tania S Monteiro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, England WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin B Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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25
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Aharon N, Schwartz I, Retzker A. Quantum Control and Sensing of Nuclear Spins by Electron Spins under Power Limitations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:120403. [PMID: 30978036 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
State of the art quantum sensing experiments targeting frequency measurements or frequency addressing of nuclear spins require one to drive the probe system at the targeted frequency. In addition, there is a substantial advantage to performing these experiments in the regime of high magnetic fields, in which the Larmor frequency of the measured spins is large. In this scenario we are confronted with a natural challenge of controlling a target system with a very high frequency when the probe system cannot be set to resonance with the target frequency. In this contribution we present a set of protocols that are capable of confronting this challenge, even at large frequency mismatches between the probe system and the target system, both for polarization and for quantum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nati Aharon
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Givat Ram, Israel
| | | | - Alex Retzker
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Givat Ram, Israel
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