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Lee Y, Yoon D, Nam YS, Yu S, Lim C, Sim H, Park Y, Han JW, Choi SY, Son J. Accelerating metal nanoparticle exsolution by exploiting tolerance factor of perovskite stannate. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3835-3843. [PMID: 38835315 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The octahedral symmetry in ionic crystals can play a critical role in atomic nucleation and migration during solid-solid phase transformation. Similarly, octahedron distortion, which is characterized by Goldschmidt tolerance factor, strongly influences the exsolution kinetics in the perovskite lattice framework during high-temperature annealing. However, a fundamental study on manipulating the exsolution process by octahedron distortion is still lacking. In this study, we accelerate Ni metal exsolution on the surface of perovskite stannates by increasing the [BO6] octahedron distortion in the lattices. Decreasing the A-site ionic radius (rBa2+ = 161 pm → rSr2+ = 144 pm → rCa2+ = 134 pm) increased the density of exsolved Ni nanoparticles by up to 640% (i.e., 47 particles μm-2 of Ba(Sn, Ni)O3 → 304 particles μm-2 of Ca(Sn, Ni)O3) after the identical exsolution process. Based on the theoretical calculation and experimental characterization, the decrease in crystal symmetry by octahedral distortion promoted the Ni exsolution owing to the boosted Ni migration by weakening the bond strength and generating domain boundaries. The findings highlight the importance of octahedral distortion to control atomic migration through the perovskite lattice framework and provide a strategy to tailor the density of uniformly populated nanoparticles in nanocomposite oxides for multifunctional material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseob Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon-Seo Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangbae Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chaesung Lim
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeji Sim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunkyu Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junwoo Son
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Summerer H, Rath K, Nenning A, Schachinger T, Stöger-Pollach M, Rameshan C, Opitz AK. Electro-tuned catalysts: voltage-controlled activity selection of bimetallic exsolution particles. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2024; 12:20386-20402. [PMID: 39114766 PMCID: PMC11304079 DOI: 10.1039/d4ta00989d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we show how the activity states of bimetallic Ni0-Fe0 catalysts exsolved from Nd0.6Ca0.4Fe0.97Ni0.03O3-δ (NCFNi) can be influenced electrochemically. The NCFNi parent oxide was employed in the form of thin film mixed conducting model electrodes, which were operated in a humid hydrogen atmosphere. By precisely controlling the oxygen chemical potential in the parent oxide electrode via applying an electrochemical polarisation, we managed to selectively exsolve Ni nanoparticles from the perovskite lattice and study their catalytic activity switching characteristics. To be able to track the surface chemical changes during the switching process, electrochemical polarisation experiments were combined with near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) measurements. This in situ analytical approach allowed relating the difference we observed in the switching behaviour of Ni particles here and of Fe particles in a recent study, to a different kinetic interplay between electrochemical driving force and atmosphere. We propose that slow oxygen transport through nickel oxide, located at the particle/perovskite interface, is mainly responsible for the observed difference to iron exsolutions, which becomes especially evident for larger nickel particles. In addition, in the case of bimetallic exsolutions and with applied bias voltage as a control parameter, we are able to reversibly switch between three different activity states, namely bimetallic Ni0-Fe0 (medium activity), pure Ni0 (high activity), and the inactive oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Summerer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/165-PC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Kirsten Rath
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Nenning
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Schachinger
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien 1040 Vienna Austria
- University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien 1040 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Stöger-Pollach
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien 1040 Vienna Austria
- University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien 1040 Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/165-PC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversity Leoben Leoben 8700 Austria
| | - Alexander K Opitz
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC 1060 Vienna Austria
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Carrillo AJ, López-García A, Delgado-Galicia B, Serra JM. New trends in nanoparticle exsolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7987-8007. [PMID: 38899785 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01983k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Many relevant high-temperature chemical processes require the use of oxide-supported metallic nanocatalysts. The harsh conditions under which these processes operate can trigger catalyst degradation via nanoparticle sintering, carbon depositions or poisoning, among others. This primarily affects metallic nanoparticles created via deposition methods with low metal-support interaction. In this respect, nanoparticle exsolution has emerged as a promising method for fabricating oxide-supported nanocatalysts with high interaction between the metal and the oxide support. This is due to the mechanism involved in nanoparticle exsolution, which is based on the migration of metal cations in the oxide support to its surface, where they nucleate and grow as metallic nanoparticles partially embedded in the oxide. This anchorage confers high robustness against sintering or coking-related problems. For these reasons, exsolution has attracted great interest in the last few years. Multiple works have been devoted to proving the high catalytic stability of exsolved metallic nanoparticles in several applications for high-temperature energy storage and conversion. Additionally, considerable attention has been directed towards understanding the underlying mechanism of metallic nanoparticle exsolution. However, this growing field has not been limited to these types of studies and recent discoveries at the forefront of materials design have opened new research avenues. In this work, we define six new trends in nanoparticle exsolution, taking a tour through the most important advances that have been recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Carrillo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Andrés López-García
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Blanca Delgado-Galicia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose M Serra
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Ul Haq A, Fanelli F, Bekris L, Martin AM, Lee S, Khalid H, Savaniu CD, Kousi K, Metcalfe IS, Irvine JTS, Maguire P, Papaioannou EI, Mariotti D. Dielectric Barrier Plasma Discharge Exsolution of Nanoparticles at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402235. [PMID: 38965704 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Exsolution of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on perovskite oxides has been demonstrated as a reliable strategy for producing catalyst-support systems. Conventional exsolution requires high temperatures for long periods of time, limiting the selection of support materials. Plasma direct exsolution is reported at room temperature and atmospheric pressure of Ni NPs from a model A-site deficient perovskite oxide (La0.43Ca0.37Ni0.06Ti0.94O2.955). Plasma exsolution is carried out within minutes (up to 15 min) using a dielectric barrier discharge configuration both with He-only gas as well as with He/H2 gas mixtures, yielding small NPs (<30 nm diameter). To prove the practical utility of exsolved NPs, various experiments aimed at assessing their catalytic performance for methanation from synthesis gas, CO, and CH4 oxidation are carried out. Low-temperature and atmospheric pressure plasma exsolution are successfully demonstrated and suggest that this approach could contribute to the practical deployment of exsolution-based stable catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ul Haq
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Fiorenza Fanelli
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council (CNR), via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), National Research Council (CNR), via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Leonidas Bekris
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Steve Lee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Scotland Fife, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Hessan Khalid
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Cristian D Savaniu
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, Scotland Fife, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ian S Metcalfe
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, Scotland Fife, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Paul Maguire
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT37 0QB, UK
| | | | - Davide Mariotti
- Department of Design, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
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Kang S, Kim JK, Kim H, Son YH, Chang J, Kim J, Kim DW, Lee JM, Kwon HJ. Local Structures of Ex-Solved Nanoparticles Identified by Machine-Learned Potentials. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4224-4232. [PMID: 38557115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we identify the local structures of ex-solved nanoparticles using machine-learned potentials (MLPs). We develop a method for training machine-learned potentials by sampling local structures of heterointerface configurations as a training set with its efficacy tested on the Ni/MgO system, illustrating that the error in interface energy is only 0.004 eV/Å2. Using the developed scheme, we train an MLP for the Ni/La0.5Ca0.5TiO3 ex-solution system and identify the local structures for both exo- and endo-type particles. The established model aligns well with the experimental observations, accurately predicting a nucleation size of 0.45 nm. Lastly, the density functional theory calculations on the established atomistic model verify that the kinetic barrier for the dry reforming of methane are substantially reduced by 0.49 eV on the ex-solved catalysts compared to that on the impregnated catalysts. Our findings offer insights into the local structures, growth mechanisms, and underlying origin of the catalytic properties of ex-solved nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Kang
- Air Science Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Kim
- Air Science Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Kim
- Air Science Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Hwan Son
- Air Science Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Chang
- Air Science Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Air Science Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Air Science Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Air Science Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jae Kwon
- Air Science Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
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Zhu S, Fan J, Li Z, Wu J, Xiao M, Du P, Wang X, Jia L. Metal exsolution from perovskite-based anodes in solid oxide fuel cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1062-1071. [PMID: 38167745 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05688k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are highly efficient and environmentally friendly devices for converting fuel into electrical energy. In this regard, metal nanoparticles (NPs) loaded onto the anode oxide play a crucial role due to their exceptional catalytic activity. NPs synthesized through exsolution exhibit excellent dispersion and stability, garnering significant attention for comprehending the exsolution process mechanism and consequently improving synthesis effectiveness. This review presents recent advancements in the exsolution process, focusing on the influence of oxygen vacancies, A-site defects, lattice strain, and phase transformation on the variation of the octahedral crystal field in perovskites. Moreover, we offer insights into future research directions to further enhance our understanding of the mechanism and achieve significant exsolution of NPs on perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Junde Fan
- Yueyang Yumeikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yueyang, 414100, P. R. China
| | - Zongbao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Mengqin Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Pengxuan Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Lichao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Abstract
Although they are emerging technologies for achieving high-efficiency and green and eco-friendly energy conversion, ceramic electrochemical cells (CECs), i.e. solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) and fuel cells (SOFCs), are still fundamentally limited by their inferior catalytic activities at low temperature, poor thermo-mechanical stability, high material cost, etc. The materials used in electrolytes and electrodes, which are the most important components in CECs, are highly associated with the cell performances. Therefore, rational design of electrolytes and electrodes with excellent catalytic activities and high stabilities at relatively low cost is a meaningful and valuable approach for the development of CECs. Nanotechnology is a powerful tool for improving the material performances in CECs owing to the favourable effects induced by the nanocrystallization of electrolytes and electrodes. Herein, a relatively comprehensive review on the nanotechnologies implemented in CECs is conducted. The working principles of CECs and the corresponding challenges were first presented, followed by the comprehensive insights into the working mechanisms of nanocrystalline materials in CECs. Then, systematic summarization and analyses of the commonly used nano-engineering strategies in the fabrication of CEC materials, including physical and chemical methods, were provided. In addition, the frontiers in the research of advanced electrolyte and electrode materials were discussed with a special emphasis on the modified electrochemical properties derived from nanotechnologies. Finally, the bottlenecks and the promising breakthroughs in nanotechnologies were highlighted in the direction of providing useful references for rational design of nanomaterials for CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Cao
- School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuexia Ji
- School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, Anhui, China.
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
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Hu F, Chen K, Ling Y, Huang Y, Zhao S, Wang S, Gui L, He B, Zhao L. Smart Dual-Exsolved Self-Assembled Anode Enables Efficient and Robust Methane-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306845. [PMID: 37985567 PMCID: PMC10787062 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite oxides have emerged as alternative anode materials for hydrocarbon-fueled solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Nevertheless, the sluggish kinetics for hydrocarbon conversion hinder their commercial applications. Herein, a novel dual-exsolved self-assembled anode for CH4 -fueled SOFCs is developed. The designed Ru@Ru-Sr2 Fe1.5 Mo0.5 O6-δ (SFM)/Ru-Gd0.1 Ce0.9 O2-δ (GDC) anode exhibits a unique hierarchical structure of nano-heterointerfaces exsolved on submicron skeletons. As a result, the Ru@Ru-SFM/Ru-GDC anode-based single cell achieves high peak power densities of 1.03 and 0.63 W cm-2 at 800 °C under humidified H2 and CH4 , surpassing most reported perovskite-based anodes. Moreover, this anode demonstrates negligible degradation over 200 h in humidified CH4 , indicating high resistance to carbon deposition. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the created metal-oxide heterointerfaces of Ru@Ru-SFM and Ru@Ru-GDC have higher intrinsic activities for CH4 conversion compared to pristine SFM. These findings highlight a viable design of the dual-exsolved self-assembled anode for efficient and robust hydrocarbon-fueled SOFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kongfa Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yihan Ling
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yonglong Huang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sunce Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sijiao Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liangqi Gui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen, 333403, China
| | - Beibei He
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Hangzhou, 311305, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Geosciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Hangzhou, 311305, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Geosciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Kim YH, Jeong H, Won BR, Jeon H, Park CH, Park D, Kim Y, Lee S, Myung JH. Nanoparticle Exsolution on Perovskite Oxides: Insights into Mechanism, Characteristics and Novel Strategies. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:33. [PMID: 38015283 PMCID: PMC10684483 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Supported nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as a promising catalyst for achieving unique properties in numerous applications, including fuel cells, chemical conversion, and batteries. Nanocatalysts demonstrate high activity by expanding the number of active sites, but they also intensify deactivation issues, such as agglomeration and poisoning, simultaneously. Exsolution for bottom-up synthesis of supported nanoparticles has emerged as a breakthrough technique to overcome limitations associated with conventional nanomaterials. Nanoparticles are uniformly exsolved from perovskite oxide supports and socketed into the oxide support by a one-step reduction process. Their uniformity and stability, resulting from the socketed structure, play a crucial role in the development of novel nanocatalysts. Recently, tremendous research efforts have been dedicated to further controlling exsolution particles. To effectively address exsolution at a more precise level, understanding the underlying mechanism is essential. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the exsolution mechanism, with a focus on its driving force, processes, properties, and synergetic strategies, as well as new pathways for optimizing nanocatalysts in diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwon Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Won
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Myung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Shen Y, Liu T, Li R, Lv H, Ta N, Zhang X, Song Y, Liu Q, Feng W, Wang G, Bao X. In situ electrochemical reconstruction of Sr 2Fe 1.45Ir 0.05Mo 0.5O 6-δ perovskite cathode for CO 2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad078. [PMID: 37565207 PMCID: PMC10411681 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid oxide electrolysis cells provide a practical solution for the direct conversion of CO2 to other chemicals (i.e. CO), however, an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the dynamic reconstruction of active sites for perovskite cathodes during CO2 electrolysis remains a great challenge. Herein, we identify that iridium-doped Sr2Fe1.45Ir0.05Mo0.5O6-δ (SFIrM) perovskite displays a dynamic electrochemical reconstruction feature during CO2 electrolysis with abundant exsolution of highly dispersed IrFe alloy nanoparticles on the SFIrM surface. The in situ reconstructed IrFe@SFIrM interfaces deliver a current density of 1.46 A cm-2 while maintaining over 99% CO Faradaic efficiency, representing a 25.8% improvement compared with the Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ counterpart. In situ electrochemical spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations suggest that the improved CO2 electrolysis activity originates from the facilitated formation of carbonate intermediates at the IrFe@SFIrM interfaces. Our work may open the possibility of using an in situ electrochemical poling method for CO2 electrolysis in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Rongtan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Houfu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Na Ta
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuefeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qingxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weicheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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11
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Lu Y, Huang Y, Xu Z, Yang K, Bao W, Lu Q. Quantifying Electrochemical Driving Force for Exsolution in Perovskite Oxides by Designing Graded Oxygen Chemical Potential. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37390393 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles exsolved and anchored at the parent perovskite oxide surfaces can greatly enhance the activity and antisintering stability for high-temperature (electro-) chemical catalytic reactions. While exsolution of nanoparticles triggered by using conventional high-temperature thermal reduction suffers from slow kinetics, using an electrochemical driving force can promote the exsolution rate. However, a quantitative correlation between the applied electrochemical driving force and the spatial density of exsolved nanoparticles remains unknown. In this work, we use a specially designed electrochemical device to induce a spatially graded voltage in a La0.43Ca0.37Ti0.94Ni0.06O3-δ electrode, in order to systematically investigate the effect of electrochemical switching on exsolution. With increasing driving force, which leads to decreasing oxygen chemical potential, the density of nanoparticles was observed to increase dramatically, while the average particle size remained roughly constant. We further identified oxygen vacancy pairs or clusters as the preferential nucleation sites for exsolution. Our work provided a high-throughput platform for the systematic study of exsolution of perovskite oxides targeted for fuel electrode materials with improved electrocatalytic performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Kaichuang Yang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Weichao Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Qiyang Lu
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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12
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O'Leary W, Giordano L, Park J, Nonnenmann SS, Shao-Horn Y, Rupp JLM. Influence of Sr-Site Deficiency, Ca/Ba/La Doping on the Exsolution of Ni from SrTiO 3. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37318138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cermet catalysts formed via exsolution of metal nanoparticles from perovskites promise to perform better in electro- and thermochemical applications than those synthesized by conventional wet-chemical approaches. However, a shortage of robust material design principles still stands in the way of widespread commercial adoption of exsolution. Working with Ni-doped SrTiO3 solid solutions, we investigated how the introduction of Sr deficiency as well as Ca, Ba, and La doping on the Sr site changed the size and surface density of exsolved Ni nanoparticles. We carried out exsolution on 11 different compositions under fixed conditions. We elucidated the effect of A-site defect size/valence on nanoparticle density and size as well as the effect of composition on nanoparticle immersion and ceramic microstructure. Based on our experimental results, we developed a model that quantitatively predicted a composition's exsolution properties using density functional theory calculations. The model and calculations provide insights into the exsolution mechanism and can be used to find new compositions with high exsolution nanoparticle density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis O'Leary
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Livia Giordano
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20125, Italy
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jieun Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts─Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Stephen S Nonnenmann
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts─Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jennifer L M Rupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
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13
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Summerer H, Nenning A, Rameshan C, Opitz AK. Exsolved catalyst particles as a plaything of atmosphere and electrochemistry. EES CATALYSIS 2023; 1:274-289. [PMID: 37213935 PMCID: PMC10193834 DOI: 10.1039/d2ey00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new type of catalyst preparation yields its active sites not by infiltration but exsolution of reducible transition metals of its own host lattice. These exsolution catalysts offer a high dispersion of catalytically active particles, slow agglomeration, and the possibility of reactivation after poisoning due to redox cycling. The formation of exsolved particles by partial decomposition of the host lattice can be driven by applying a sufficiently reducing atmosphere, elevated temperatures but also by a cathodic bias voltage (provided the host perovskite is an electrode on an oxide ion conducting electrolyte). In addition, such an electrochemical polarisation can change the oxidation state and thus the catalytic activity of exsolved particles. In this work, we investigate the electrochemical switching between an active and an inactive state of iron particles exsolved from thin film mixed conducting model electrodes, namely La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ (LSF) and Nd0.6Ca0.4FeO3-δ (NCF), in humid hydrogen atmospheres. We show that the transition between two activity states exhibits a hysteresis-like behaviour in the electrochemical I-V characteristics. Ambient pressure XPS measurements proofed that this hysteresis is linked to the oxidation and reduction of iron particles. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the surface kinetics of the host material itself has only a negligible impact on the particle exsolution, and that the main impact factors are the surrounding atmosphere as well as the applied electrochemical overpotential. In particular, we suggest a 'kinetic competition' between gas atmosphere and oxygen chemical potential in the mixed conducting electrode and discuss possible ways of how this process takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Summerer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC 1060 Vienna Austria
- TU Wien, Institute of Materials Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/165-PC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Nenning
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- TU Wien, Institute of Materials Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/165-PC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Alexander K Opitz
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC 1060 Vienna Austria
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14
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Kim YH, Jeong H, Won BR, Myung JH. Exsolution Modeling and Control to Improve the Catalytic Activity of Nanostructured Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208984. [PMID: 36691762 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In situ exsolution for nanoscale electrode design has attracted considerable attention because of its promising activity and high stability. However, fundamental research on the mechanisms underlying particle growth remains insufficient. Herein, cation-diffusion-determined exsolution is presented using an analytical model based on classical nucleation and diffusion. In the designed perovskite system, the exsolution trend for particle growth is consistent with this diffusion model, which strongly depends on the initial cation concentration and reduction conditions. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, a highly Ni-doped anode and an electrochemical switching technique are employed to promote exsolution and overcome growth limitations. The optimal cell exhibits an outstanding maximum power density of 1.7 W cm-2 at 900 °C and shows no evident degradation when operating at 800 °C for 240 h under wet H2 . This study provides crucial insights into the developing and tuning of heterogeneous catalysts for energy-conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwon Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Won
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Myung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
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15
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Calì E, Thomas MP, Vasudevan R, Wu J, Gavalda-Diaz O, Marquardt K, Saiz E, Neagu D, Unocic RR, Parker SC, Guiton BS, Payne DJ. Real-time insight into the multistage mechanism of nanoparticle exsolution from a perovskite host surface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1754. [PMID: 36990982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In exsolution, nanoparticles form by emerging from oxide hosts by application of redox driving forces, leading to transformative advances in stability, activity, and efficiency over deposition techniques, and resulting in a wide range of new opportunities for catalytic, energy and net-zero-related technologies. However, the mechanism of exsolved nanoparticle nucleation and perovskite structural evolution, has, to date, remained unclear. Herein, we shed light on this elusive process by following in real time Ir nanoparticle emergence from a SrTiO3 host oxide lattice, using in situ high-resolution electron microscopy in combination with computational simulations and machine learning analytics. We show that nucleation occurs via atom clustering, in tandem with host evolution, revealing the participation of surface defects and host lattice restructuring in trapping Ir atoms to initiate nanoparticle formation and growth. These insights provide a theoretical platform and practical recommendations to further the development of highly functional and broadly applicable exsolvable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Calì
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Turin, 10129, Italy.
| | - Melonie P Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Rama Vasudevan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, 327 Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Oriol Gavalda-Diaz
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Composites Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Katharina Marquardt
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eduardo Saiz
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dragos Neagu
- Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Raymond R Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Stephen C Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Beth S Guiton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - David J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK.
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16
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Han H, Deniz H, Parkin SSP. Strain-driven formation of epitaxial nanostructures in brownmillerite strontium cobaltite thin films. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221651120. [PMID: 36913577 PMCID: PMC10041114 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221651120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured materials can display unique physical properties and are of particular interest for their new functionalities. Epitaxial growth is a promising approach for the controlled synthesis of nanostructures with desired structures and crystallinity. SrCoOx is a particularly intriguing material owing to a topotactic phase transition between an antiferromagnetic insulating brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 (BM-SCO) phase and a ferromagnetic metallic perovskite SrCoO3-δ (P-SCO) phase depending on the oxygen concentration. Here, we present the formation and control of epitaxial BM-SCO nanostructures by substrate-induced anisotropic strain. Perovskite substrates with a (110)-orientation and which allow for compressive strain result in the creation of BM-SCO nanobars, while (111)-oriented substrates give rise to the formation of BM-SCO nanoislands. We have found that substrate-induced anisotropic strain coupled with the orientation of crystalline domains determines the shape and facet of the nanostructures, while their size can be tuned by the degree of strain. Moreover, the nanostructures can be transformed between antiferromagnetic BM-SCO and ferromagnetic P-SCO via ionic liquid gating. Thus, this study provides insights into the design of epitaxial nanostructures whose structure and physical properties can be readily controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Han
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
| | - Hakan Deniz
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
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17
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Kim H, Jan A, Kwon DH, Ji HI, Yoon KJ, Lee JH, Jun Y, Son JW, Yang S. Exsolution of Ru Nanoparticles on BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3-δ Modifying Geometry and Electronic Structure of Ru for Ammonia Synthesis Reaction Under Mild Conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205424. [PMID: 36464649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Green ammonia is an efficient, carbon-free energy carrier and storage medium. The ammonia synthesis using green hydrogen requires an active catalyst that operates under mild conditions. The catalytic activity can be promoted by controlling the geometry and electronic structure of the active species. An exsolution process is implemented to improve catalytic activity by modulating the geometry and electronic structure of Ru. Ru nanoparticles exsolved on a BaCe0.9 Y0.1 O3-δ support exhibit uniform size distribution, 5.03 ± 0.91 nm, and exhibited one of the highest activities, 387.31 mmolNH3 gRu -1 h-1 (0.1 MPa and 450 °C). The role of the exsolution and BaCe0.9 Y0.1 O3-δ support is studied by comparing the catalyst with control samples and in-depth characterizations. The optimal nanoparticle size is maintained during the reaction, as the Ru nanoparticles prepared by exsolution are well-anchored to the support with in-plane epitaxy. The electronic structure of Ru is modified by unexpected in situ Ba promoter accumulation around the base of the Ru nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Kim
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Asif Jan
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST Campus, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hwang Kwon
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Il Ji
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST Campus, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Joong Yoon
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST Campus, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Jun
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Son
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Yang
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST Campus, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wang J, Kalaev D, Yang J, Waluyo I, Hunt A, Sadowski JT, Tuller HL, Yildiz B. Fast Surface Oxygen Release Kinetics Accelerate Nanoparticle Exsolution in Perovskite Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1714-1727. [PMID: 36627834 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Exsolution is a recent advancement for fabricating oxide-supported metal nanoparticle catalysts via phase precipitation out of a host oxide. A fundamental understanding and control of the exsolution kinetics are needed to engineer exsolved nanoparticles to obtain higher catalytic activity toward clean energy and fuel conversion. Since oxygen release via oxygen vacancy formation in the host oxide is behind oxide reduction and metal exsolution, we hypothesize that the kinetics of metal exsolution should depend on the kinetics of oxygen release, in addition to the kinetics of metal cation diffusion. Here, we probe the surface exsolution kinetics both experimentally and theoretically using thin-film perovskite SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3 (STF) as a model system. We quantitatively demonstrated that in this system the surface oxygen release governs the metal nanoparticle exsolution kinetics. As a result, by increasing the oxygen release rate in STF, either by reducing the sample thickness or by increasing the surface reactivity, one can effectively accelerate the Fe0 exsolution kinetics. Fast oxygen release kinetics in STF not only shortened the prereduction time prior to the exsolution onset, but also increased the total quantity of exsolved Fe0 over time, which agrees well with the predictions from our analytical kinetic modeling. The consistency between the results obtained from in situ experiments and analytical modeling provides a predictive capability for tailoring exsolution, and highlights the importance of engineering host oxide surface oxygen release kinetics in designing exsolved nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Dmitri Kalaev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Iradwikanari Waluyo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
| | - Adrian Hunt
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
| | - Jerzy T Sadowski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
| | - Harry L Tuller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Bilge Yildiz
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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19
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Xu M, Liu C, Naden AB, Früchtl H, Bühl M, Irvine JTS. Electrochemical Activation Applied to Perovskite Titanate Fibers to Yield Supported Alloy Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204682. [PMID: 36372544 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Active bi-metallic nanoparticles are of key importance in catalysis and renewable energy. Here, the in situ formation of bi-metallic nanoparticles is investigated by exsolution on 200 nm diameter perovskite fibers. The B-site co-doped perovskite fibers display a high degree of exsolution, decorated with NiCo or Ni3 Fe bi-metallic nanoparticles with average diameter about 29 and 35 nm, respectively. The perovskite fibers are utilized as cathode materials in pure CO2 electrolysis cells due to their redox stability in the CO/CO2 atmosphere. After in situ electrochemical switching, the nanoparticles exsolved from the perovskite fiber demonstrate an enhanced performance in pure CO2 electrolysis. At 900 °C, the current density of solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) with 200 µm YSZ electrolyte supported NiFe doped perovskite fiber anode reaches 0.75 Acm-2 at 1.6 V superior to the NiCo doped perovskite fiber anode (about 1.5 times) in pure CO2 . According to DFT calculations (PBE-D3 level) the superior CO2 conversion on NiFe compared to NiCo bi-metallic species is related to an enhanced driving force for C-O cleavage under formation of CO chemisorbed on the nanoparticle and a reduced binding energy of CO required to release this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Chencheng Liu
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Aaron B Naden
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Herbert Früchtl
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Michael Bühl
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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20
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Yang X, Sun K, Sun W, Ma M, Ren R, Qiao J, Wang Z, Zhen S, Xu C. Surface Reconstruction of Defective SrTi0.7Cu0.2Mo0.1O3-δ Perovskite Oxide Induced by In-Situ Copper Nanoparticle Exsolution for High-Performance Direct CO2 Electrolysis. Ann Ital Chir 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Qiao J, Chen X, Ai C, Wang Z, Sun W, Sun K, Xu C. Fe-Based Layered Double Perovskite Anode with in Situ Exsolved Nanoparticles for Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuo Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Chengyi Ai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Wang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Kening Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
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22
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Hu X, Qi J, Qiao S, Yu W, Shang J, Liu L, Zhao Z, Tang L, Zhang W. A novel exsolution technique-twice lasers: rapidly aroused explosive exsolution of nanoparticles to boost electrochemical performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:105709. [PMID: 36562514 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aca9d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The exsolution of nanoparticles (NPs) on material surfaces exhibits good performance with great potential in the field of catalysis. In this study, a method with twice lasers treatment (TLT) is proposed for the first time to rapidly promote the exsolution of Co NPs to the surface of (La0.7Sr0.3)0.93Ti0.93Co0.07O3(LSTC) by laser rapid heating to enhance the electrochemical performance of the LSTC. The entire process from precursor powder-stable perovskite crystal structure-Co NPs exsolution on the LSTC surface takes only ≈36 s by TLT. The Co NPs exsolution was confirmed by x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. After TLT, a large number of Co NPs reached 75 particlesμm-2appeared on the surface of LSTC with the onset potential of 1.38 V, the overpotential of 214 mV, and the Tafel slope of 81.14 mV dec-1, showing good catalytic activity and long-term stability. The novel process of using TLT to rapidly induce exsolution of NPs enables the rapid preparation of nanoparticle-decorated perovskite materials with better electrochemical properties, thus enriching exsolution technology and opening a new avenue for surface science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingang Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan Qiao
- Electron Microscopy Center, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuofu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
- Electron Microscopy Center, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhang X, Liu B, Yang Y, Li J, Li J, Zhao Y, Jia L, Sun Y. Advances in component and operation optimization of solid oxide electrolysis cell. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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24
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Han L, Zhang J, Zou M, Tong JJ. Toward Superb Perovskite Oxide Electrocatalysts: Engineering of Coupled Nanocomposites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204784. [PMID: 36300911 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A significant issue that bedeviled the commercialization of renewable energy technologies, ranging from low-temperature water electrolyzers to high-temperature solid oxide cells, is the lack of high-performance catalysts. Among various candidates that could tackle such a challenge, perovskite oxides are rising-star materials because of their unique structural and compositional flexibility. However, single-phase perovskite oxides are challenging to satisfy all the requirements of electrocatalysts concurrently for practical applications, such as high catalytic activity, excellent stability, good ionic and electronic conductivities, and superior chemical/thermo-mechanical robustness. Impressively, perovskite oxides with coupled nanocomposites are emerging as a novel form offering multifunctionality due to their intrinsic features, including infinite interfaces with solid interaction, tunable compositions, flexible configurations, and maximum synergistic effects between assorted components. Considering this new configuration has attracted great attention owing to its promising performances in various energy-related applications, this review timely summarizes the leading-edge development of perovskite oxide-based coupled nanocomposites. Their state-of-art synthetic strategies are surveyed and highlighted, their unique structural advantages are highlighted and illustrated through the typical oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reactions in both high and low-temperature applications. Opinions on the current critical scientific issues and opportunities in this burgeoning research field are all provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Minda Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jianhua Joshua Tong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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25
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Anti-phase boundary accelerated exsolution of nanoparticles in non-stoichiometric perovskite thin films. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6682. [PMID: 36335098 PMCID: PMC9637132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Exsolution of excess transition metal cations from a non-stoichiometric perovskite oxide has sparked interest as a facile route for the formation of stable nanoparticles on the oxide surface. However, the atomic-scale mechanism of this nanoparticle formation remains largely unknown. The present in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with density functional theory calculation revealed that the anti-phase boundaries (APBs) characterized by the a/2 < 011> type lattice displacement accommodate the excess B-site cation (Ni) through the edge-sharing of BO6 octahedra in a non-stoichiometric ABO3 perovskite oxide (La0.2Sr0.7Ni0.1Ti0.9O3-δ) and provide the fast diffusion pathways for nanoparticle formation by exsolution. Moreover, the APBs further promote the outward diffusion of the excess Ni toward the surface as the segregation energy of Ni is lower at the APB/surface intersection. The formation of nanoparticles occurs through the two-step crystallization mechanism, i.e., the nucleation of an amorphous phase followed by crystallization, and via reactive wetting on the oxide support, which facilitates the formation of a stable triple junction and coherent interface, leading to the distinct socketing of nanoparticles to the oxide support. The atomic-scale mechanism unveiled in this study can provide insights into the design of highly stable nanostructures. Exsolution of transition metal cations from non-stoichiometric perovskites offer a route for the formation of stable nanoparticles on the surface. Here authors present an anti-phase boundaries-accelerated exsolution and two-step crystallisation of nanoparticles in non-stoichiometric perovskite thin films.
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26
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Guo J, Cai R, Cali E, Wilson GE, Kerherve G, Haigh SJ, Skinner SJ. Low-Temperature Exsolution of Ni-Ru Bimetallic Nanoparticles from A-Site Deficient Double Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107020. [PMID: 35182013 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exsolution of stable metallic nanoparticles for use as efficient electrocatalysts has been of increasing interest for a range of energy technologies. Typically, exsolved nanoparticles show higher thermal and coarsening stability compared to conventionally deposited catalysts. Here, A-site deficient double perovskite oxides, La2- x NiRuO6- δ (x = 0.1 and 0.15), are designed and subjected to low-temperature reduction leading to exsolution. The reduced double perovskite materials are shown to exsolve nanoparticles of 2-6 nm diameter during the reduction in the low-temperature range of 350-450 °C. The nanoparticle sizes are found to increase after reduction at the higher temperature (450 °C), suggesting diffusion-limited particle growth. Interestingly, both nickel and ruthenium are co-exsolved during the reduction process. The formation of bimetallic nanoparticles at such low temperatures is rare. From the in situ impedance spectroscopy measurements of the double perovskite electrode layers, the onset of the exsolution process is found to be within the first few minutes of the reduction reaction. In addition, the area-specific resistance of the electrode layers is found to decrease by 90% from 291 to 29 Ω cm2 , suggesting encouraging prospects for these low-temperature rapidly exsolved Ni/Ru alloy nanoparticles in a range of catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rongsheng Cai
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Eleonora Cali
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - George E Wilson
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gwilherm Kerherve
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen J Skinner
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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27
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Boosting the stability of perovskites with exsolved nanoparticles by B-site supplement mechanism. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4618. [PMID: 35941119 PMCID: PMC9359987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskites with exsolved nanoparticles (P-eNs) have immense potentials for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction in solid oxide electrolysis cell. Despite the recent achievements in promoting the B-site cation exsolution for enhanced catalytic activities, the unsatisfactory stability of P-eNs at high voltages greatly impedes their practical applications and this issue has not been elucidated. In this study, we reveal that the formation of B-site vacancies in perovskite scaffold is the major contributor to the degradation of P-eNs; we then address this issue by fine-regulating the B-site supplement of the reduced Sr2Fe1.3Ni0.2Mo0.5O6-δ using foreign Fe sources, achieving a robust perovskite scaffold and prolonged stability performance. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism from the perspective of structure stability of perovskite has also been proposed to understand the origins of performance deterioration. The B-site supplement endows P-eNs with the capability to become appealing electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction and more broadly, for other energy storage and conversion systems.
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28
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Kersell H, Weber ML, Falling L, Lu Q, Baeumer C, Shirato N, Rose V, Lenser C, Gunkel F, Nemšák S. Evolution of surface and sub-surface morphology and chemical state of exsolved Ni nanoparticles. Faraday Discuss 2022; 236:141-156. [PMID: 35543196 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00123j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle formation by dopant exsolution (migration) from bulk host lattices is a promising approach to generate highly stable nanoparticles with tunable size, shape, and distribution. We investigated Ni dopant migration from strontium titanate (STO) lattices, forming metallic Ni nanoparticles at STO surfaces. Ex situ scanning probe measurements confirmed the presence of nanoparticles at the H2 treated surface. In situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) revealed reduction from Ni2+ to Ni0 as Ni dopants migrated to the surface during heating treatments in H2. During Ni migration and reduction, the Sr and Ti chemical states were mostly unchanged, indicating the selective reduction of Ni during treatment. At the same time, we used in situ ambient pressure grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) to monitor the particle morphology. As Ni migrated to the surface, it nucleated and grew into compressed spheroidal nanoparticles partially embedded in the STO perovskite surface. These findings provide a detailed picture of the evolution of the nanoparticle surface and subsurface chemical state and morphology as the nanoparticles grow beyond the initial nucleation and growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath Kersell
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.
| | - Moritz L Weber
- Peter Gruenberg Institute (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lorenz Falling
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.
| | - Qiyang Lu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.
| | - Christoph Baeumer
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nozomi Shirato
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Volker Rose
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA.,X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Christian Lenser
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix Gunkel
- Peter Gruenberg Institute (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Slavomír Nemšák
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.
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29
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Kim SH, Jeong H, Sharma B, Myung JH. In Situ Exsolution Catalyst: An Innovative Approach to Develop Highly Selective and Sensitive Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18275-18282. [PMID: 35385269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The gas sensing characteristics of oxide semiconductors can be enhanced by loading noble metal or metal oxide catalysts. The uniform distribution of nanoscale catalysts with high thermal stability over the sensing materials is essential for sensors operating at elevated temperatures. An in situ exsolution process, which can be applied to catalysts, batteries, and sensors, provides a facile synthetic route for developing second-phase nanoparticles with uniform distribution, excellent thermochemical stability, and strong adhesion to the mother phase. In this study, we investigated the effect of Co-exsolved nanoparticles on the gas sensing characteristics of La0.43Ca0.37Co0.06Ti0.94O3-d (LCCoT). The amount and size of the Co-exsolved nanoparticles on the surface of the perovskite mother phase were adjusted depending on the reduction temperature of the exsolution process. The LCCoT with Co-exsolved nanoparticles prepared by reduction at 700 °C exhibited a response (resistance ratio) of 116.3 to 5 ppm ethanol at 350 °C, which was 10-fold higher than the response of a sensor without exsolution. The high gas response was attributed to the catalytic effect promoted by the uniformly distributed Co-exsolved nanoparticles and the formation of p-n junctions on the sensing surface during reduction. Additionally, we demonstrated the catalytic effect of Co-exsolved nanoparticles using a proton transfer reaction-quadrupole mass spectrometer. By controlling the amount and distribution of exsolved nanoparticles on semiconductor chemiresistors, a new pathway for designing high-performance gas sensors with enhanced thermal stability can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwon Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharat Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Myung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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30
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Fan W, Wang B, Gao R, Dimitrakopoulos G, Wang J, Xiao X, Ma L, Wu K, Yildiz B, Li J. Anodic Shock-Triggered Exsolution of Metal Nanoparticles from Perovskite Oxide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7657-7666. [PMID: 35471024 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles decorated electrodes (NDEs) are useful in fuel cells, electrolyzers, water treatment, and chemical synthesis. Here, we show that by rapidly bringing a mixed ionic-electronic conductor outside its electrochemical stability window, one can achieve uniform dispersion of metallic nanoparticles inside its bulk and at the surface and improve its electrocatalytic performance when back under normal functional conditions. Surprisingly, this can happen under anodic as well as cathodic current/voltage shocks in an ABO3 perovskite oxide, La0.4Ca0.4Ti0.88Fe0.06Ni0.06O3-δ (LCTFN), across a wide range of H2/O2 gas environments at 800 °C. One possible mechanism for bulk Fe0/Ni0 precipitation under anodic shock condition is the incomplete oxygen oxidation (O2- → Oα-, 0 < α < 2), migration and escape of oxygen to interfaces, and "whiplash" transition-metal reduction due to low electronic conductivity. We show that both cathodic and anodic shocks can produce NDEs to enhance electrocatalytic performance, potentially improving the flexibility of this approach in practical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fan
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Baoming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Georgios Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilge Yildiz
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Sun Z, Fan W, Bai Y. A Flexible Method to Fabricate Exsolution-Based Nanoparticle-Decorated Materials in Seconds. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200250. [PMID: 35187861 PMCID: PMC9036016 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decorating metallic nanoparticles on the surface of oxide support is a promising approach to tailor the catalytic activity of perovskite. Here, for the first time using thermal shock to rapidly fabricate nanoparticle-decorated materials (NDMs) is proposed. Low-cost and size-tailorable carbon paper is used as the heating source during the thermal shock. It is reported that by thermal shock technique, only ≈13 s including heating and treating time is needed to fabricate the exsolution-based NDMs (the fastest method to date). Benefitted by the sufficiently provided driving force and the short treating time, as compared to the product prepared by the conventionally furnace-based method, higher particle density and smaller particle size of the exsolved catalysts are acquired for the thermal shock fabricated NDM, giving rise to a fascinating improvement (12-fold) of the electrochemical performance. This work develops a new technique to rapidly fabricate NDMs in an economic and high-throughput manner, profoundly improving the flexibility of the application of exsolution-based materials in electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Department of Nuclear Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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32
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Li Z, Yang Y, Tian J, Li J, Chen G, Zhou L, Sun Y, Qiu Y. Selective Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to Syngas Over Tunable Metal-Perovskite Interface. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102729. [PMID: 35102710 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive emission of CO2 results in critical environmental issues, such as global warming. Photocatalytic CO2 conversion is a meaningful route to convert CO2 into useful chemicals. However, the highly selective reduction of CO2 with the avoidance of hydrogen evolution is still challenging. Herein, the photocatalytic reduction CO2 to synthesis gas (syngas) was achieved on a metal Ag socketed perovskite LaFeO3 (LFO) catalytic interface prepared by an in-situ exsolution method. The conduction band of Ag-exsolved LFO is more negative than LFO, benefiting efficient CO2 reduction. By tuning the dopant Ag cation in the lattice to nanoparticles pinned on the surface, the CO formation rate was improved around five-fold from 0.51 to 2.41 μmol g-1 h-1 . Meanwhile, the H2 /CO molar ratio also showed strong dependence on the modality of Ag at the metal-perovskite interface. The design offers a promising pathway for transforming CO2 to valuable chemicals based on efficient photocatalysts design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P.R. China
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Yang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P.R. China
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Jinshu Tian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Gui Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P.R. China
| | - Liujiang Zhou
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Sun
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yongfu Qiu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P.R. China
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33
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Li Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Ren C, Jing Y, Cheng F, Wu Q, Lund P, Fan L. Mutual Conversion of CO-CO 2 on a Perovskite Fuel Electrode with Endogenous Alloy Nanoparticles for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9138-9150. [PMID: 35148058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) can efficiently render the mutual conversion between electricity and chemicals, for example, electrolyzing CO2 to CO under a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) mode and oxidizing CO to CO2 under a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode. Nevertheless, the development of RSOCs is still hindered, owing to the lack of catalytically active and carbon-tolerant fuel electrodes. For improving mutual CO-CO2 conversion kinetics in RSOCs, here, we demonstrate a high-performing and durable fuel electrode consisting of redox-stable Sr2(Fe, Mo)2O6-δ perovskite oxide and epitaxially endogenous NiFe alloy nanoparticles. The electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) and distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analyses reveal that surface/interface oxygen exchange kinetics and the CO/CO2 activation process are both greatly accelerated. The assembled single cell produces a maximum power density (MPD) of 443 mW cm-2 at 800 °C under the SOFC mode, with the corresponding CO oxidation rate of 5.524 mL min-1 cm-2. On the other hand, a current density of -0.877 A cm-2 is achieved at 1.46 V under the SOEC mode, equivalent to a CO2 reduction rate of 6.108 mL min cm-2. Furthermore, reliable reversible conversion of CO-CO2 is proven with no performance degradation in 20 cycles under SOEC (1.3 V) and SOFC (0.6 V) modes. Therefore, our work provides an alternative way for designing highly active and durable fuel electrodes for RSOC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yanpu Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Cong Ren
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China
| | - Yifu Jing
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China
- New Energy Technologies Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Fupeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Qixing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Peter Lund
- New Energy Technologies Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Liangdong Fan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China
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34
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Syed K, Wang J, Yildiz B, Bowman WJ. Bulk and surface exsolution produces a variety of Fe-rich and Fe-depleted ellipsoidal nanostructures in La 0.6Sr 0.4FeO 3 thin films. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:663-674. [PMID: 34874392 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The past several years have seen a resurgence in the popularity of metal exsolution as an approach to synthesize advanced materials proposed for novel catalytic, magnetic, optical, and electrochemical properties. Whereas most studies to-date have focused on surface exsolution (motivated by catalysis), we instead report on the diversity of nanostructures formed in La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 thin films during sub-surface or so-called 'bulk' exsolution, in addition to surface exsolution. Bulk exsolution is a promising approach to tuning the functionality of materials, yet there is little understanding of the nanostructures exsolved within the bulk and how they compare to those exsolved at gas-solid interfaces. This work combines atomic- and nano-scale imaging and spectroscopy techniques applied using a state-of-the-art aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). In doing so, we present a detailed atomic-resolution study of a range of Fe-rich and Fe-depleted nanostructures possible via exsolution, along with qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of the exsolved nanostructures and oxide phases formed throughout the film. Local structural changes in the perovskite matrix, coinciding with nanostructure exsolution, are also characterized with atomic-resolution STEM imaging. Fe exsolution is shown to create local A-site rich domains of Ruddlesden-Popper phase, and some stages of this phase formation have been demonstrated in this work. In particular, phase boundaries are found to be the primary nucleation sites for bulk and surface exsolution, and the exsolved particles observed here tend to be ellipsoidal with shape factor of 1.4. We report a range of nanostructure types (core-shell, bulk core-shell, adjacent, and independent particles), revealing several possible avenues of future exploration aimed to understand the formation mechanism of each exsolution type and to develop their functionality. This work is thus relevant to materials scientists and engineers motivated to understand and utilize exsolution to synthesize materials with predictable nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Syed
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bilge Yildiz
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William J Bowman
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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35
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Qian K, Yan Y, Xi S, Wei T, Dai Y, Yan X, Kobayashi H, Wang S, Liu W, Li R. Elucidating the Strain-Vacancy-Activity Relationship on Structurally Deformed Co@CoO Nanosheets for Aqueous Phase Reforming of Formaldehyde. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102970. [PMID: 34636132 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lattice strain modulation and vacancy engineering are both effective approaches to control the catalytic properties of heterogeneous catalysts. Here, Co@CoO heterointerface catalysts are prepared via the controlled reduction of CoO nanosheets. The experimental quantifications of lattice strain and oxygen vacancy concentration on CoO, as well as the charge transfer across the Co-CoO interface are all linearly correlated to the catalytic activity toward the aqueous phase reforming of formaldehyde to produce hydrogen. Mechanistic investigations by spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory calculations elucidate the bifunctional nature of the oxygen-vacancy-rich Co-CoO interfaces, where the Co and the CoO sites are responsible for CH bond cleavage and OH activation, respectively. Optimal catalytic activity is achieved by the sample reduced at 350 °C, Co@CoO-350 which exhibits the maximum concentration of Co-CoO interfaces, the maximum concentration of oxygen vacancies, a lattice strain of 5.2% in CoO, and the highest aqueous phase formaldehyde reforming turnover frequency of 50.4 h-1 at room temperature. This work provides not only new insights into the strain-vacancy-activity relationship at bifunctional catalytic interfaces, but also a facile synthetic approach to prepare heterostructures with highly tunable catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Qian
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yong Yan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science Limited, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Tong Wei
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yihu Dai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hisayoshi Kobayashi
- Emeritus Professor of Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Sheng Wang
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Renhong Li
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Lv H, Lin L, Zhang X, Li R, Song Y, Matsumoto H, Ta N, Zeng C, Fu Q, Wang G, Bao X. Promoting exsolution of RuFe alloy nanoparticles on Sr 2Fe 1.4Ru 0.1Mo 0.5O 6-δ via repeated redox manipulations for CO 2 electrolysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5665. [PMID: 34580312 PMCID: PMC8476569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles anchored on perovskite through in situ exsolution under reducing atmosphere provide catalytically active metal/oxide interfaces for CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell. However, there are critical challenges to obtain abundant metal/oxide interfaces due to the sluggish diffusion process of dopant cations inside the bulk perovskite. Herein, we propose a strategy to promote exsolution of RuFe alloy nanoparticles on Sr2Fe1.4Ru0.1Mo0.5O6−δ perovskite by enriching the active Ru underneath the perovskite surface via repeated redox manipulations. In situ scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrates the dynamic structure evolution of Sr2Fe1.4Ru0.1Mo0.5O6−δ perovskite under reducing and oxidizing atmosphere, as well as the facilitated CO2 adsorption at RuFe@Sr2Fe1.4Ru0.1Mo0.5O6−δ interfaces. Solid oxide electrolysis cell with RuFe@Sr2Fe1.4Ru0.1Mo0.5O6−δ interfaces shows over 74.6% enhancement in current density of CO2 electrolysis compared to that with Sr2Fe1.4Ru0.1Mo0.5O6−δ counterpart as well as impressive stability for 1000 h at 1.2 V and 800 °C. Metal nanoparticles anchored on perovskite provide catalytically active interfaces for CO2 electrolysis. The authors promote exsolution of RuFe alloy nanoparticles on Sr2Fe1.4Ru0.1Mo0.5 O6−δ perovskite by enriching the active Ru underneath the perovskite surface via repeated redox manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houfu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Le Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Rongtan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuefeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | | | - Na Ta
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Chaobin Zeng
- Hitachi High-tech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Guoxiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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37
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Arandiyan H, S Mofarah S, Sorrell CC, Doustkhah E, Sajjadi B, Hao D, Wang Y, Sun H, Ni BJ, Rezaei M, Shao Z, Maschmeyer T. Defect engineering of oxide perovskites for catalysis and energy storage: synthesis of chemistry and materials science. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10116-10211. [PMID: 34542117 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00639d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxide perovskites have emerged as an important class of materials with important applications in many technological areas, particularly thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and energy storage. However, their implementation faces numerous challenges that are familiar to the chemist and materials scientist. The present work surveys the state-of-the-art by integrating these two viewpoints, focusing on the critical role that defect engineering plays in the design, fabrication, modification, and application of these materials. An extensive review of experimental and simulation studies of the synthesis and performance of oxide perovskites and devices containing these materials is coupled with exposition of the fundamental and applied aspects of defect equilibria. The aim of this approach is to elucidate how these issues can be integrated in order to shed light on the interpretation of the data and what trajectories are suggested by them. This critical examination has revealed a number of areas in which the review can provide a greater understanding. These include considerations of (1) the nature and formation of solid solutions, (2) site filling and stoichiometry, (3) the rationale for the design of defective oxide perovskites, and (4) the complex mechanisms of charge compensation and charge transfer. The review concludes with some proposed strategies to address the challenges in the future development of oxide perovskites and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Arandiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,Centre for Applied Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sajjad S Mofarah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Charles C Sorrell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Esmail Doustkhah
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Baharak Sajjadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Derek Hao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- Centre for Applied Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mehran Rezaei
- Catalyst and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory (CNMRL), School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. .,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Thomas Maschmeyer
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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38
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Poffe E, Kaper H, Ehrhardt B, Gigli L, Aubert D, Nodari L, Gross S, Mascotto S. Understanding Oxygen Release from Nanoporous Perovskite Oxides and Its Effect on the Catalytic Oxidation of CH 4 and CO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25483-25492. [PMID: 34006105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of nanoporous perovskite oxides is considered an efficient strategy to develop performing, sustainable catalysts for the conversion of methane. The dependency of nanoporosity on the oxygen defect chemistry and the catalytic activity of perovskite oxides toward CH4 and CO oxidation was studied here. A novel colloidal synthesis route for nanoporous, high-temperature stable SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3-δ with specific surface areas (SSA) ranging from 45 to 80 m2/g and pore sizes from 10 to 100 nm was developed. High-temperature investigations by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TG-MS combined with H2-TPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that the porosity improved the release of surface oxygen and the oxygen diffusion, whereas the release of lattice oxygen depended more on the state of the iron species and strain effects in the materials. Regarding catalysis, light-off tests showed that low-temperature CO oxidation significantly benefitted from the enhancement of the SSA, whereas high-temperature CH4 oxidation is influenced more by the dioxygen release. During isothermal long-term catalysis tests, however, the continuous oxygen release from large SSA materials promoted both CO and CH4 conversion. Hence, if SSA maximization turned out to efficiently improve low-temperature and long-term catalysis applications, the role of both reducible metal center concentration and crystal structure cannot be completely ignored, as they also contribute to the perovskite oxygen release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Poffe
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Helena Kaper
- Ceramic Synthesis and Functionalization Laboratory, CNRS/Saint-Gobain CREE, Saint-Gobain Research Provence, 550, Ave Alphonse Jauffret, 84306 Cavaillon, France
| | - Benedikt Ehrhardt
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniel Aubert
- Ceramic Synthesis and Functionalization Laboratory, CNRS/Saint-Gobain CREE, Saint-Gobain Research Provence, 550, Ave Alphonse Jauffret, 84306 Cavaillon, France
| | - Luca Nodari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, ICMATE-CNR, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Gross
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro Levi Cases, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Mascotto
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Kousi K, Tang C, Metcalfe IS, Neagu D. Emergence and Future of Exsolved Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006479. [PMID: 33787009 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Supported nanoparticle systems have received increased attention over the last decades because of their potential for high activity levels when applied to chemical conversions, although, because of their nanoscale nature, they tend to exhibit problems with long-term durability. Over the last decade, the discovery of the so-called exsolution concept has addressed many of these challenges and opened many other opportunities to material design by providing a relatively simple, single-step, synthetic pathway to produce supported nanoparticles that combine high stability against agglomeration and poisoning with high activity across multiple areas of application. Here, the trends that define the development of the exsolution concept are reviewed in terms of design, functionality, tunability, and applicability. To support this, the number of studies dedicated to both fundamental and application-related studies, as well as the types of metallic nanoparticles and host or support lattices employed, are examined. Exciting future directions of research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Chenyang Tang
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ian S Metcalfe
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dragos Neagu
- Department of Process and Chemical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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40
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Weber ML, Wilhelm M, Jin L, Breuer U, Dittmann R, Waser R, Guillon O, Lenser C, Gunkel F. Exsolution of Embedded Nanoparticles in Defect Engineered Perovskite Layers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4546-4560. [PMID: 33635643 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Exsolution phenomena are highly debated as efficient synthesis routes for nanostructured composite electrode materials for the application in solid oxide cells (SOCs) and the development of next-generation electrochemical devices for energy conversion. Utilizing the instability of perovskite oxides, doped with electrocatalytically active elements, highly dispersed nanoparticles can be prepared at the perovskite surface under the influence of a reducing heat treatment. For the systematic study of the mechanistic processes governing metal exsolution, epitaxial SrTi0.9Nb0.05Ni0.05O3-δ thin films of well-defined stoichiometry are synthesized and employed as model systems to investigate the interplay of defect structures and exsolution behavior. Spontaneous phase separation and the formation of dopant-rich features in the as-synthesized thin film material is revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigations. The resulting nanostructures are enriched by nickel and serve as preformed nuclei for the subsequent exsolution process under reducing conditions, which reflects a so far unconsidered process drastically affecting the understanding of nanoparticle exsolution phenomena. Using an approach of combined morphological, chemical, and structural analysis of the exsolution response, a limitation of the exsolution dynamics for nonstoichiometric thin films is found to be correlated to a distortion of the perovskite host lattice. Consequently, the incorporation of defect structures results in a reduced particle density at the perovskite surface, presumably by trapping of nanoparticles in the oxide bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz L Weber
- Peter Gruenberg Institute (PGI-7), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marek Wilhelm
- Peter Gruenberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Lei Jin
- Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Uwe Breuer
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Regina Dittmann
- Peter Gruenberg Institute (PGI-7), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Rainer Waser
- Peter Gruenberg Institute (PGI-7), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Electronic Materials II (IWE II), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Olivier Guillon
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-Energy), 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Christian Lenser
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Felix Gunkel
- Peter Gruenberg Institute (PGI-7), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), 52425 Juelich, Germany
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41
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Roy KS, Subramaniam C, Panchakarla LS. Non-Stoichiometry Induced Exsolution of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles via Formation of Wavy Surfaces and their Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity: Case of Misfit Calcium Cobalt Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9897-9907. [PMID: 33591175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most heterogeneous catalytic reactions demand high density and yet spatially separated nanoparticles that are strongly anchored on the oxide surfaces. Such nanoparticles can be deposited or synthesized in situ via nonstoichiometric methods. To date, nanoparticles have been exsolved from perovskite oxide surfaces using nonstoichiometric processes. However, the density of the space-separated nanoparticles on the oxide surfaces is still low. And less attention is paid toward the changes that happen to the host during the nanoparticle exsolution process. In this work, we demonstrated in situ exsolution of ultrafine nanoparticles (∼5 nm) of either Co3O4 or Ca(OH)2 via judicious control of nonstoichiometry in a misfit Ca3Co4O9 (CCO). The nanoparticle density over the CCO surface reached as high as 8500/μm2, which is significantly higher than previously reported values. High-resolution electron microscopy studies reveal the formation mechanism of Co3O4 nanoparticles over CCO, and the formation takes palace via the formation of wavy surfaces on the CCO. Defects caused by the nonstoichiometric synthesis created microstrain within the host CCO, resulting in making the new density of states near the Fermi energy. Further, the exsolution process turned the inert host (CCO) into electrocatalytically active toward water splitting. The nonstoichiometric samples obtained by shorter annealing times showed high electrocatalytic behavior for the hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions. The catalytic activity is further enhanced (reaching overpotential of 320 mV and 410 mV for HER and OER respectively, for a current density of 10 mA/cm2) by removing the surface nanoparticles. The observation indicates that the active sites that are produced during the nonstoichiometric synthesis also present in the bulk of the CCO (host). We believe that similar nonstoichiometric synthesis can be applied to a wide variety of tricomponent systems, and they could endow the hosts with novel properties for applications such as catalysis and thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankona Singha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | | | - Leela S Panchakarla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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42
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Sun X, Chen H, Yin Y, Curnan MT, Han JW, Chen Y, Ma Z. Progress of Exsolved Metal Nanoparticles on Oxides as High Performance (Electro)Catalysts for the Conversion of Small Molecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005383. [PMID: 33538089 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing electricity and heat from renewable energy to convert small molecules into value-added chemicals through electro/thermal catalytic processes has enormous socioeconomic and environmental benefits. However, the lack of catalysts with high activity, good long-term stability, and low cost strongly inhibits the practical implementation of these processes. Oxides with exsolved metal nanoparticles have recently been emerging as promising catalysts with outstanding activity and stability for the conversion of small molecules, which provides new possibilities for application of the processes. In this review, it starts with an introduction on the mechanism of exsolution, discussing representative exsolution materials, the impacts of intrinsic material properties and external environmental conditions on the exsolution behavior, and the driving forces for exsolution. The performances of exsolution materials in various reactions, such as alkane reforming reaction, carbon monoxide oxidation, carbon dioxide utilization, high temperature steam electrolysis, and low temperature electrocatalysis, are then summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for the development of exsolution materials as high-performance catalysts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huijun Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Yin
- Institute of Electrochemical & Energy Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Matthew T Curnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Ma
- Institute of Electrochemical & Energy Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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43
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Kim JH, Kim JK, Liu J, Curcio A, Jang JS, Kim ID, Ciucci F, Jung W. Nanoparticle Ex-solution for Supported Catalysts: Materials Design, Mechanism and Future Perspectives. ACS NANO 2021; 15:81-110. [PMID: 33370099 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Supported metal catalysts represent one of the major milestones in heterogeneous catalysis. Such catalytic systems are feasible for use in a broad range of applications, including renewable energy devices, sensors, automotive emission control systems, and chemical reformers. The lifetimes of these catalytic platforms depend strongly on the stability of the supported nanoparticles. With this regard, nanoparticles synthesized via ex-solution process emphasize exceptional robustness as they are socketed in the host oxide. Ex-solution refers to a phenomenon which yields selective growth of fine and uniformly distributed metal nanocatalysts on oxide supports upon partial reduction. This type of advanced structural engineering is a game-changer in the field of heterogeneous catalysis with numerous studies showing the benefits of ex-solution process. In this review, we highlight the latest research efforts regarding the origin of the ex-solution phenomenon and the mechanism underpinning particle formation. We also propose research directions to expand the utility and functionality of the current ex-solution techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyuk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiapeng Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Antonino Curcio
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Soo Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Francesco Ciucci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - WooChul Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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44
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Chien AC, Liao BY, Chen WY. Studies of exsolution and catalytic activity of metal nanocatalysts from parent perovskite. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00530h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of metal nanocatalysts exsolved from A-site deficient lanthanum strontium titanate (La0.4Sr0.4)(NixTi1−x)O3−γ (LST, x = 0, LSTN, x = 0.06, 0.25, 0.5) perovskites and their catalytic properties were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Chien
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Feng Chia University
- Taichung 40724
- Taiwan
- Green Energy Development Center
| | - Brian Y. Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Feng Chia University
- Taichung 40724
- Taiwan
| | - Willy Y. Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Feng Chia University
- Taichung 40724
- Taiwan
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45
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Cao T, Kwon O, Gorte RJ, Vohs JM. Metal Exsolution to Enhance the Catalytic Activity of Electrodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2445. [PMID: 33297343 PMCID: PMC7762234 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exsolution is a novel technology for attaching metal catalyst particles onto ceramic anodes in the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The exsolved metal particles in the anode exhibit unique properties for reaction and have demonstrated remarkable stabilities under conditions that normally lead to coking. Despite extensive investigations, the underlying principles behind exsolution are still under investigation. In this review, the present status of exsolution materials for SOFC applications is reported, including a description of the fundamental concepts behind metal incorporation in oxide lattices, a listing of proposed mechanisms and thermodynamics of the exsolution process and a discussion on the catalytic properties of the resulting materials. Prospects and opportunities to use materials produced by exsolution for SOFC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raymond J. Gorte
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (T.C.); (O.K.); (J.M.V.)
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Lindenthal L, Ruh T, Rameshan R, Summerer H, Nenning A, Herzig C, Löffler S, Limbeck A, Opitz AK, Blaha P, Rameshan C. Ca-doped rare earth perovskite materials for tailored exsolution of metal nanoparticles. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:1055-1070. [PMID: 33289717 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620013475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-type oxide materials (nominal composition ABO3) are a very versatile class of materials, and their properties are tuneable by varying and doping A- and B-site cations. When the B-site contains easily reducible cations (e.g. Fe, Co or Ni), these can exsolve under reducing conditions and form metallic nanoparticles on the surface. This process is very interesting as a novel route for the preparation of catalysts, since oxide surfaces decorated with finely dispersed catalytically active (often metallic) nanoparticles are a key requirement for excellent catalyst performance. Five doped perovskites, namely, La0.9Ca0.1FeO3-δ, La0.6Ca0.4FeO3-δ, Nd0.9Ca0.1FeO3-δ, Nd0.6Ca0.4FeO3-δ and Nd0.6Ca0.4Fe0.9Co0.1O3-δ, have been synthesized and characterized by experimental and theoretical methods with respect to their crystal structures, electronic properties, morphology and exsolution behaviour. All are capable of exsolving Fe and/or Co. Special emphasis has been placed on the influence of the A-site elemental composition on structure and exsolution capability. Using Nd instead of La increased structural distortions and, at the same time, hindered exsolution. Increasing the amount of Ca doping also increased distortions and additionally changed the Fe oxidation states, resulting in exsolution being shifted to higher temperatures as well. Using the easily reducible element Co as the B-site dopant significantly facilitated the exsolution process and led to much smaller and homogeneously distributed exsolved particles. Therefore, the Co-doped perovskite is a promising material for applications in catalysis, even more so as Co is catalytically a highly active element. The results show that fine-tuning of the perovskite composition will allow tailored exsolution of nanoparticles, which can be used for highly sophisticated catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Lindenthal
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/165, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Thomas Ruh
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/165, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Raffael Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/165, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Harald Summerer
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/165, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Andreas Nenning
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/164, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Christopher Herzig
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/164, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Stefan Löffler
- USTEM, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/E057-02, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/164, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Alexander Karl Opitz
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/164, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Peter Blaha
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/165, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidmarkt 9/165, Vienna 1060, Austria
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Jang JS, Kim JK, Kim K, Jung WG, Lim C, Kim S, Kim DH, Kim BJ, Han JW, Jung W, Kim ID. Dopant-Driven Positive Reinforcement in Ex-Solution Process: New Strategy to Develop Highly Capable and Durable Catalytic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003983. [PMID: 33000875 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ex-solution phenomenon, a central platform for growing metal nanoparticles on the surface of host oxides in real time with high durability and a fine distribution, has recently been applied to various scientific and industrial fields, such as catalysis, sensing, and renewable energy. However, the high-temperature processing required for ex-solutions (>700 °C) limits the applicable material compositions and has hindered advances in this technique. Here, an unprecedented approach is reported for low-temperature particle ex-solution on important nanoscale binary oxides. WO3 with a nanosheet structure is selected as the parent oxide, and Ir serves as the active metal species that produces the ex-solved metallic particles. Importantly, Ir doping facilitates a phase transition in the WO3 bulk lattice, which further promotes Ir ex-solution at the oxide surface and eventually enables the formation of Ir particles (<3 nm) at temperatures as low as 300 °C. Low-temperature ex-solution effectively inhibits the agglomeration of WO3 sheets while maintaining well-dispersed ex-solved particles. Furthermore, the Ir-decorated WO3 sheets show excellent durability and H2 S selectivity when used as sensing materials, suggesting that this is a generalizable synthetic strategy for preparing highly robust heterogeneous catalysts for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Jang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, USA
| | - Jun Kyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Kyeounghak Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Wan-Gil Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Chaesung Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Bong-Joong Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - WooChul Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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Opitz AK, Nenning A, Vonk V, Volkov S, Bertram F, Summerer H, Schwarz S, Steiger-Thirsfeld A, Bernardi J, Stierle A, Fleig J. Understanding electrochemical switchability of perovskite-type exsolution catalysts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4801. [PMID: 32968079 PMCID: PMC7511332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exsolution of metal nanoparticles from perovskite-type oxides is a very promising approach to obtain catalysts with superior properties. One particularly interesting property of exsolution catalysts is the possibility of electrochemical switching between different activity states. In this work, synchrotron-based in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments on electrochemically polarized La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ thin film electrodes are performed, in order to simultaneously obtain insights into the phase composition and the catalytic activity of the electrode surface. This shows that reversible electrochemical switching between a high and low activity state is accompanied by a phase change of exsolved particles between metallic α--Fe and Fe-oxides. Reintegration of iron into the perovskite lattice is thus not required for obtaining a switchable catalyst, making this process especially interesting for intermediate temperature applications. These measurements also reveal how metallic particles on La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ electrodes affect the H2 oxidation and H2O splitting mechanism and why the particle size plays a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Opitz
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Nenning
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Volkov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Summerer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- TU Wien, Institute of Materials Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/165-PC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Schwarz
- TU Wien, University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy (USTEM), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Steiger-Thirsfeld
- TU Wien, University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy (USTEM), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- TU Wien, University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy (USTEM), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fleig
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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Kim K, Lim C, Han JW. Computational approaches to the exsolution phenomenon in perovskite oxides with a view to design highly durable and active anodes for solid oxide fuel cells. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Joo S, Seong A, Kwon O, Kim K, Lee JH, Gorte RJ, Vohs JM, Han JW, Kim G. Highly active dry methane reforming catalysts with boosted in situ grown Ni-Fe nanoparticles on perovskite via atomic layer deposition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb1573. [PMID: 32923635 PMCID: PMC7449676 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the need for more stable and active metal catalysts for dry reforming of methane, in situ grown nanoparticles using exsolution are a promising approach. However, in conventional exsolution, most nanoparticles remain underneath the surface because of the sluggish diffusion rate of cations. Here, we report the atomic layer deposition (ALD)-combined topotactic exsolution on La0.6Sr0.2Ti0.85Ni0.15O3-δ toward developing active and durable catalysts. The uniform and quantitatively controlled layer of Fe via ALD facilitates the topotactic exsolution, increasing finely dispersed nanoparticles. The introduction of Fe2O3 yields the formation of Ni-Fe alloy owing to the spontaneous alloy formation energy of -0.43 eV, leading to an enhancement of the catalytic activity for dry methane reforming with a prolonged stability of 410 hours. Overall, the abundant alloy nanocatalysts via ALD mark an important step forward in the evolution of exsolution and its application to the field of energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwook Joo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Arim Seong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohhun Kwon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeounghak Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- UNIST Central Research Facilities and School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Raymond J. Gorte
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John M. Vohs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Guntae Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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