1
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Meyer NH, Gauthier B, Stampacchia S, Boscheron J, Babo-Rebelo M, Potheegadoo J, Herbelin B, Lance F, Alvarez V, Franc E, Esposito F, Morais Lacerda M, Blanke O. Embodiment in episodic memory through premotor-hippocampal coupling. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1111. [PMID: 39256570 PMCID: PMC11387647 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) allows us to remember and relive past events and experiences and has been linked to cortical-hippocampal reinstatement of encoding activity. While EM is fundamental to establish a sense of self across time, this claim and its link to the sense of agency (SoA), based on bodily signals, has not been tested experimentally. Using real-time sensorimotor stimulation, immersive virtual reality, and fMRI we manipulated the SoA and report stronger hippocampal reinstatement for scenes encoded under preserved SoA, reflecting recall performance in a recognition task. We link SoA to EM showing that hippocampal reinstatement is coupled with reinstatement in premotor cortex, a key SoA region. We extend these findings in a severe amnesic patient whose memory lacked the normal dependency on the SoA. Premotor-hippocampal coupling in EM describes how a key aspect of the bodily self at encoding is neurally reinstated during the retrieval of past episodes, enabling a sense of self across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Heidi Meyer
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Gauthier
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Research Unit, Neuchâtel Hospital Network, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Stampacchia
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Boscheron
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Babo-Rebelo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jevita Potheegadoo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Lance
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Alvarez
- Hopital du Valais, Avenue Grand Champsec 80, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Franc
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Esposito
- Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, SUVA, Avenue Grand Champsec 90, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Marilia Morais Lacerda
- Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, SUVA, Avenue Grand Champsec 90, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Rue Micheli-du-Crest 24, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Tan H, Zeng X, Ni J, Liang K, Xu C, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Z, Yang J, Han C, Gao Y, Yu X, Han S, Meng F, Ma Y. Intracranial EEG signals disentangle multi-areal neural dynamics of vicarious pain perception. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5203. [PMID: 38890380 PMCID: PMC11189531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Empathy enables understanding and sharing of others' feelings. Human neuroimaging studies have identified critical brain regions supporting empathy for pain, including the anterior insula (AI), anterior cingulate (ACC), amygdala, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, to date, the precise spatio-temporal profiles of empathic neural responses and inter-regional communications remain elusive. Here, using intracranial electroencephalography, we investigated electrophysiological signatures of vicarious pain perception. Others' pain perception induced early increases in high-gamma activity in IFG, beta power increases in ACC, but decreased beta power in AI and amygdala. Vicarious pain perception also altered the beta-band-coordinated coupling between ACC, AI, and amygdala, as well as increased modulation of IFG high-gamma amplitudes by beta phases of amygdala/AI/ACC. We identified a necessary combination of neural features for decoding vicarious pain perception. These spatio-temporally specific regional activities and inter-regional interactions within the empathy network suggest a neurodynamic model of human pain empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Xu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Han
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Yina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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3
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Ding R, Ten Oever S, Martin AE. Delta-band Activity Underlies Referential Meaning Representation during Pronoun Resolution. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1472-1492. [PMID: 38652108 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Human language offers a variety of ways to create meaning, one of which is referring to entities, objects, or events in the world. One such meaning maker is understanding to whom or to what a pronoun in a discourse refers to. To understand a pronoun, the brain must access matching entities or concepts that have been encoded in memory from previous linguistic context. Models of language processing propose that internally stored linguistic concepts, accessed via exogenous cues such as phonological input of a word, are represented as (a)synchronous activities across a population of neurons active at specific frequency bands. Converging evidence suggests that delta band activity (1-3 Hz) is involved in temporal and representational integration during sentence processing. Moreover, recent advances in the neurobiology of memory suggest that recollection engages neural dynamics similar to those which occurred during memory encoding. Integrating from these two research lines, we here tested the hypothesis that neural dynamic patterns, especially in delta frequency range, underlying referential meaning representation, would be reinstated during pronoun resolution. By leveraging neural decoding techniques (i.e., representational similarity analysis) on a magnetoencephalogram data set acquired during a naturalistic story-listening task, we provide evidence that delta-band activity underlies referential meaning representation. Our findings suggest that, during spoken language comprehension, endogenous linguistic representations such as referential concepts may be proactively retrieved and represented via activation of their underlying dynamic neural patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ding
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Ten Oever
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea E Martin
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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4
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Yang L, Jin F, Yang L, Li J, Li Z, Li M, Shang Z. The Hippocampus in Pigeons Contributes to the Model-Based Valuation and the Relationship between Temporal Context States. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:431. [PMID: 38338074 PMCID: PMC10854895 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Model-based decision-making guides organism behavior by the representation of the relationships between different states. Previous studies have shown that the mammalian hippocampus (Hp) plays a key role in learning the structure of relationships among experiences. However, the hippocampal neural mechanisms of birds for model-based learning have rarely been reported. Here, we trained six pigeons to perform a two-step task and explore whether their Hp contributes to model-based learning. Behavioral performance and hippocampal multi-channel local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded during the task. We estimated the subjective values using a reinforcement learning model dynamically fitted to the pigeon's choice of behavior. The results show that the model-based learner can capture the behavioral choices of pigeons well throughout the learning process. Neural analysis indicated that high-frequency (12-100 Hz) power in Hp represented the temporal context states. Moreover, dynamic correlation and decoding results provided further support for the high-frequency dependence of model-based valuations. In addition, we observed a significant increase in hippocampal neural similarity at the low-frequency band (1-12 Hz) for common temporal context states after learning. Overall, our findings suggest that pigeons use model-based inferences to learn multi-step tasks, and multiple LFP frequency bands collaboratively contribute to model-based learning. Specifically, the high-frequency (12-100 Hz) oscillations represent model-based valuations, while the low-frequency (1-12 Hz) neural similarity is influenced by the relationship between temporal context states. These results contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying model-based learning and broaden the scope of hippocampal contributions to avian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (F.J.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuli Jin
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (F.J.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (F.J.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (F.J.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (F.J.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (F.J.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhigang Shang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (F.J.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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5
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Li J, Cao D, Yu S, Wang H, Imbach L, Stieglitz L, Sarnthein J, Jiang T. Theta-Alpha Connectivity in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal Circuit Predicts Working Memory Load. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0398232023. [PMID: 38050110 PMCID: PMC10860618 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0398-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) maintenance relies on multiple brain regions and inter-regional communications. The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) are thought to support this operation. Besides, EC is the main gateway for information between the hippocampus and neocortex. However, the circuit-level mechanism of this interaction during WM maintenance remains unclear in humans. To address these questions, we recorded the intracranial electroencephalography from the hippocampus and EC while patients (N = 13, six females) performed WM tasks. We found that WM maintenance was accompanied by enhanced theta/alpha band (2-12 Hz) phase synchronization between the hippocampus to the EC. The Granger causality and phase slope index analyses consistently showed that WM maintenance was associated with theta/alpha band-coordinated unidirectional influence from the hippocampus to the EC. Besides, this unidirectional inter-regional communication increased with WM load and predicted WM load during memory maintenance. These findings demonstrate that WM maintenance in humans engages the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit, with the hippocampus influencing the EC in a load-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lukas Imbach
- Swiss Epilepsy Center, Klinik Lengg, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Stieglitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sarnthein
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Xiaoxiang Institute for Brain Health and Yongzhou Central Hospital, Yongzhou 425000, Hunan Province, China
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6
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Zhang H, Skelin I, Ma S, Paff M, Mnatsakanyan L, Yassa MA, Knight RT, Lin JJ. Awake ripples enhance emotional memory encoding in the human brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:215. [PMID: 38172140 PMCID: PMC10764865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced memory for emotional experiences is hypothesized to depend on amygdala-hippocampal interactions during memory consolidation. Here we show using intracranial recordings from the human amygdala and the hippocampus during an emotional memory encoding and discrimination task increased awake ripples after encoding of emotional, compared to neutrally-valenced stimuli. Further, post-encoding ripple-locked stimulus similarity is predictive of later memory discrimination. Ripple-locked stimulus similarity appears earlier in the amygdala than in hippocampus and mutual information analysis confirms amygdala influence on hippocampal activity. Finally, the joint ripple-locked stimulus similarity in the amygdala and hippocampus is predictive of correct memory discrimination. These findings provide electrophysiological evidence that post-encoding ripples enhance memory for emotional events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92603, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92603, CA, USA.
| | - Ivan Skelin
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Department Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Shiting Ma
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92603, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Paff
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92603, CA, USA
| | - Lilit Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92603, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92603, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92697, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92697, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
| | - Jack J Lin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, 95817, CA, USA.
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, 95618, CA, USA.
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7
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Gattas S, Larson MS, Mnatsakanyan L, Sen-Gupta I, Vadera S, Swindlehurst AL, Rapp PE, Lin JJ, Yassa MA. Theta mediated dynamics of human hippocampal-neocortical learning systems in memory formation and retrieval. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8505. [PMID: 38129375 PMCID: PMC10739909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory arises as a function of dynamic interactions between the hippocampus and the neocortex, yet the mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, using human intracranial recordings during a mnemonic discrimination task, we report that 4-5 Hz (theta) power is differentially recruited during discrimination vs. overgeneralization, and its phase supports hippocampal-neocortical when memories are being formed and correctly retrieved. Interactions were largely bidirectional, with small but significant net directional biases; a hippocampus-to-neocortex bias during acquisition of new information that was subsequently correctly discriminated, and a neocortex-to-hippocampus bias during accurate discrimination of new stimuli from similar previously learned stimuli. The 4-5 Hz rhythm may facilitate the initial stages of information acquisition by neocortex during learning and the recall of stored information from cortex during retrieval. Future work should further probe these dynamics across different types of tasks and stimuli and computational models may need to be expanded accordingly to accommodate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gattas
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Myra Sarai Larson
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lilit Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Indranil Sen-Gupta
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sumeet Vadera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - A Lee Swindlehurst
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Paul E Rapp
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jack J Lin
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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8
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Kolibius LD, Roux F, Parish G, Ter Wal M, Van Der Plas M, Chelvarajah R, Sawlani V, Rollings DT, Lang JD, Gollwitzer S, Walther K, Hopfengärtner R, Kreiselmeyer G, Hamer H, Staresina BP, Wimber M, Bowman H, Hanslmayr S. Hippocampal neurons code individual episodic memories in humans. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:1968-1979. [PMID: 37798368 PMCID: PMC10663153 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is an essential hub for episodic memory processing. However, how human hippocampal single neurons code multi-element associations remains unknown. In particular, it is debated whether each hippocampal neuron represents an invariant element within an episode or whether single neurons bind together all the elements of a discrete episodic memory. Here we provide evidence for the latter hypothesis. Using single-neuron recordings from a total of 30 participants, we show that individual neurons, which we term episode-specific neurons, code discrete episodic memories using either a rate code or a temporal firing code. These neurons were observed exclusively in the hippocampus. Importantly, these episode-specific neurons do not reflect the coding of a particular element in the episode (that is, concept or time). Instead, they code for the conjunction of the different elements that make up the episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D Kolibius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Frederic Roux
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - George Parish
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marije Ter Wal
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mircea Van Der Plas
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ramesh Chelvarajah
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Complex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Neurosciences Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vijay Sawlani
- Complex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Neurosciences Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David T Rollings
- Complex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Neurosciences Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Johannes D Lang
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Gollwitzer
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Walther
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hopfengärtner
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gernot Kreiselmeyer
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hajo Hamer
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard P Staresina
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Wimber
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Howard Bowman
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems and the School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Simon Hanslmayr
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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9
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Xu H, Dou Z, Luo Y, Yang L, Xiao X, Zhao G, Lin W, Xia Z, Zhang Q, Zeng F, Yu S. Neuroimaging profiles of the negative affective network predict anxiety severity in patients with chronic insomnia disorder: A machine learning study. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:542-550. [PMID: 37562562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is instrumental in safeguarding emotional well-being. While the susceptibility to both insomnia and anxiety has been demonstrated to involve intricate brain systems, the neuroimaging profile of chronic insomnia disorder with comorbid anxiety symptoms (CID-A) remains unexplored. Employing machine learning methodologies, this study aims to elucidate the distinct neural substrates underlying CID-A and to investigate whether these cerebral markers can prognosticate anxiety symptoms in patients with insomnia. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were procured from a relatively large cohort (dataset 1) comprised of 47 CID-A patients, 49 CID patients without anxiety (CID-NA), and 48 good sleeper controls (GSC). Aberrant cerebral functional alterations were assessed through functional connectivity strength (FCS) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Subsequently, Support Vector Regression (SVR) models were constructed to predict anxiety symptoms in CID patients based on neuroimaging features, which were validated utilizing an external cohort (dataset 2). RESULTS In comparison to CID-NA and GSC subjects, CID-A patients exhibited heightened FCS in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), a central hub within the negative affective network. Moreover, the SVR models revealed that DMPFC-related rsFC/FCS features could be employed to predict anxiety symptoms in two independent cohorts of CID patients. LIMITATION Modifications in brain functionality might vary across insomnia subtypes. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest a potential negative affective network model for the neuropathophysiology of CID accompanied by anxiety. Importantly, the negative affective network pattern may serve as a predictor for anxiety symptoms in CID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Center of Interventional Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Department of Interventional Radiology, School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zeyang Dou
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucai Luo
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangwen Xiao
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Zhao
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fang Zeng
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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10
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Bai F, Huang L, Long Z, Zhang M, Deng Q, Huang J, Bao X, Hao X, Li H. Depletion of PIEZO1 expression is accompanied by upregulating p53 signaling in mice with perioperative neurocognitive disorder. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:327. [PMID: 37889347 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
As the common complications observed in surgical elder patients, perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) cause a series of serious perioperative health problems. However, there are no effective treatments, and the exact mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J aged mice with or without PND. Compared with the Mock group, the expression of 352, 395, and 772 genes changed significantly in the PND group at days 1, 7, and 21 after surgery, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that DEGs were mainly associated with p53 signaling. Moreover, GSEA revealed potentially p53-related DEGs such as leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (LRRK1), monooxygenase DBH-like 1 (MOXD1), and piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1). Furthermore, we confirmed the decreased interaction of PIEZO1 with p53 in PND, and upregulation of PIEZO1 resulted in a decrease in p53 protein levels through increased ubiquitination of p53. In conclusion, this study contributes to the knowledge of global changes in gene expression and mechanisms during PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhai Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zonghong Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qiangting Deng
- Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiaohang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xianglin Hao
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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11
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Wynn SC, Townsend CD, Nyhus E. The role of theta and gamma oscillations in item memory, source memory, and memory confidence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562880. [PMID: 37905099 PMCID: PMC10614855 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Theta and gamma oscillations have been linked to episodic memory processes in various studies. Both oscillations seem to be vital for processes guided by the medial temporal lobe, such as the retrieval of information from memory. While theta oscillations increase with successful memory, it is unclear what the unique contribution of theta is to various subcomponents of memory. On the other hand, memory-related gamma oscillations have been mainly reported in the hippocampus, leaving the role of neocortical gamma in memory underexplored. In the current study, we explored how unique variability in memory accuracy and memory confidence contributes to fluctuations in theta and gamma power. To this end, we recorded EEG from 54 participants while they performed a source memory task. From this task we obtained their item memory accuracy, source memory accuracy, item memory confidence, and source memory confidence. These behavioral measures were put in a trial-by-trial linear mixed effects model to uncover their unique contribution to the oscillatory power in frontal and parietal regions. Our results are in line with the involvement of theta oscillations in both memory accuracy and confidence, but seem to indicate a main role for theta oscillations in memory-related confidence. In addition, we found that gamma oscillations play various roles in memory-processing, dependent of brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syanah C Wynn
- Neuroimaging Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher D Townsend
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Erika Nyhus
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
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12
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Griffiths BJ, Jensen O. Gamma oscillations and episodic memory. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:832-846. [PMID: 37550159 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced gamma oscillatory activity (30-80 Hz) accompanies the successful formation and retrieval of episodic memories. While this co-occurrence is well documented, the mechanistic contributions of gamma oscillatory activity to episodic memory remain unclear. Here, we review how gamma oscillatory activity may facilitate spike timing-dependent plasticity, neural communication, and sequence encoding/retrieval, thereby ensuring the successful formation and/or retrieval of an episodic memory. Based on the evidence reviewed, we propose that multiple, distinct forms of gamma oscillation can be found within the canonical gamma band, each of which has a complementary role in the neural processes listed above. Further exploration of these theories using causal manipulations may be key to elucidating the relevance of gamma oscillatory activity to episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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13
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Gattas S, Larson MS, Mnatsakanyan L, Sen-Gupta I, Vadera S, Swindlehurst L, Rapp PE, Lin JJ, Yassa MA. Theta mediated dynamics of human hippocampal-neocortical learning systems in memory formation and retrieval. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.20.558688. [PMID: 37790541 PMCID: PMC10542525 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory arises as a function of dynamic interactions between the hippocampus and the neocortex, yet the mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, using human intracranial recordings during a mnemonic discrimination task, we report that 4-5 Hz (theta) power is differentially recruited during discrimination vs. overgeneralization, and its phase supports hippocampal-neocortical when memories are being formed and correctly retrieved. Interactions were largely bidirectional, with small but significant net directional biases; a hippocampus-to-neocortex bias during acquisition of new information that was subsequently correctly discriminated, and a neocortex-to-hippocampus bias during accurate discrimination of new stimuli from similar previously learned stimuli. The 4-5 Hz rhythm may facilitate the initial stages of information acquisition by neocortex during learning and the recall of stored information from cortex during retrieval. Future work should further probe these dynamics across different types of tasks and stimuli and computational models may need to be expanded accordingly to accommodate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gattas
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Myra Sarai Larson
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lilit Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Indranil Sen-Gupta
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sumeet Vadera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lee Swindlehurst
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Paul E. Rapp
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jack J. Lin
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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14
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Leshinskaya A, Nguyen MA, Ranganath C. Integration of event experiences to build relational knowledge in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9997-10012. [PMID: 37492008 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated how the human brain integrates experiences of specific events to build general knowledge about typical event structure. We examined an episodic memory area important for temporal relations, anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex, and a semantic memory area important for action concepts, middle temporal gyrus, to understand how and when these areas contribute to these processes. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while learning and recalling temporal relations among novel events over two sessions 1 week apart. Across distinct contexts, individual temporal relations among events could either be consistent or inconsistent with each other. Within each context, during the recall phase, we measured associative coding as the difference of multivoxel correlations among related vs unrelated pairs of events. Neural regions that form integrative representations should exhibit stronger associative coding in the consistent than the inconsistent contexts. We found evidence of integrative representations that emerged quickly in anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex (at session 1), and only subsequently in middle temporal gyrus, which showed a significant change across sessions. A complementary pattern of findings was seen with signatures during learning. This suggests that integrative representations are established early in anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex and may be a pathway to the later emergence of semantic knowledge in middle temporal gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leshinskaya
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Mitchell A Nguyen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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15
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Lohnas LJ, Healey MK, Davachi L. Neural temporal context reinstatement of event structure during memory recall. J Exp Psychol Gen 2023; 152:1840-1872. [PMID: 37036669 PMCID: PMC10293072 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of experiences into meaningful events and memories is intertwined with the notion of time. Temporal perception can influence, and be influenced by, segmenting continuous experience into meaningful events. Episodic memories formed from these events become associated with temporal information as well. However, it is less clear how temporal perception contributes to structuring events and organizing memory: whether it plays a more active or passive role, and whether this temporal information is encoded initially during perception or influenced by retrieval processes. To address these questions, we examined how event segmentation influences temporal representations during initial perception and memory retrieval, without testing temporal information explicitly. Using a neural measure of temporal context extracted from scalp electroencephalography in human participants (N = 170), we found reduced temporal context similarity between studied items separated by an event boundary when compared to items from the same event. Furthermore, while participants freely recalled list items, neural activity reflected reinstatement of temporal context representations from the study phase, including temporal disruption. A computational model of episodic memory, the context maintenance and retrieval (CMR) model, predicted these results, and made novel predictions regarding the influence of temporal disruption on recall order. These findings implicate the impact of event structure on memory organization via temporal representations, underscoring the role of temporal information in event segmentation and episodic memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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16
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Li J, Cao D, Yu S, Xiao X, Imbach L, Stieglitz L, Sarnthein J, Jiang T. Functional specialization and interaction in the amygdala-hippocampus circuit during working memory processing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2921. [PMID: 37217494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the hippocampus and amygdala are involved in working memory (WM) processing. However, their specific role in WM is still an open question. Here, we simultaneously recorded intracranial EEG from the amygdala and hippocampus of epilepsy patients while performing a WM task, and compared their representation patterns during the encoding and maintenance periods. By combining multivariate representational analysis and connectivity analyses with machine learning methods, our results revealed a functional specialization of the amygdala-hippocampal circuit: The mnemonic representations in the amygdala were highly distinct and decreased from encoding to maintenance. The hippocampal representations, however, were more similar across different items but remained stable in the absence of the stimulus. WM encoding and maintenance were associated with bidirectional information flow between the amygdala and the hippocampus in low-frequency bands (1-40 Hz). Furthermore, the decoding accuracy on WM load was higher by using representational features in the amygdala during encoding and in the hippocampus during maintenance, and by using information flow from the amygdala during encoding and that from the hippocampus during maintenance, respectively. Taken together, our study reveals that WM processing is associated with functional specialization and interaction within the amygdala-hippocampus circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Xiao
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lukas Imbach
- Swiss Epilepsy Center, Klinik Lengg, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, ETH and University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Stieglitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sarnthein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, ETH Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, 311100, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Multiple traces and altered signal-to-noise in systems consolidation: Evidence from the 7T fMRI Natural Scenes Dataset. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123426119. [PMID: 36279446 PMCID: PMC9636924 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123426119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How do the neural correlates of recognition change over time? We study natural scene image recognition spanning a year with 7-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human brain. We find that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) contribution to recognition persists over 200 d, supporting multiple-trace theory and contradicting a trace transfer (from MTL to cortex) point of view. We then test the hypothesis that the signal-to-noise ratio of traces increases over time, presumably a consequence of synaptic “desaturation” in the weeks following learning. The fMRI trace signature associates with the rate of removal of competing traces and reflects a time-related enhancement of image-feature selectivity. We conclude that multiple MTL traces and improved signal-to-noise may underlie systems-level memory consolidation. The brain mechanisms of memory consolidation remain elusive. Here, we examine blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) correlates of image recognition through the scope of multiple influential systems consolidation theories. We utilize the longitudinal Natural Scenes Dataset, a 7-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging human study in which ∼135,000 trials of image recognition were conducted over the span of a year among eight subjects. We find that early- and late-stage image recognition associates with both medial temporal lobe (MTL) and visual cortex when evaluating regional activations and a multivariate classifier. Supporting multiple-trace theory (MTT), parts of the MTL activation time course show remarkable fit to a 20-y-old MTT time-dynamical model predicting early trace intensity increases and slight subsequent interference (R2 > 0.90). These findings contrast a simplistic, yet common, view that memory traces are transferred from MTL to cortex. Next, we test the hypothesis that the MTL trace signature of memory consolidation should also reflect synaptic “desaturation,” as evidenced by an increased signal-to-noise ratio. We find that the magnitude of relative BOLD enhancement among surviving memories is positively linked to the rate of removal (i.e., forgetting) of competing traces. Moreover, an image-feature and time interaction of MTL and visual cortex functional connectivity suggests that consolidation mechanisms improve the specificity of a distributed trace. These neurobiological effects do not replicate on a shorter timescale (within a session), implicating a prolonged, offline process. While recognition can potentially involve cognitive processes outside of memory retrieval (e.g., re-encoding), our work largely favors MTT and desaturation as perhaps complementary consolidative memory mechanisms.
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18
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Li T, Xu G, Yi J, Huang Y. Intraoperative Hypothermia Induces Vascular Dysfunction in the CA1 Region of Rat Hippocampus. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060692. [PMID: 35741578 PMCID: PMC9221322 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative hypothermia is very common and leads to memory decline. The hippocampus is responsible for memory formation. As a functional core area, the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus contains abundant blood vessels and is susceptible to ischemia. The aim of the study was to explore vascular function and neuronal state in the CA1 region of rats undergoing intraoperative hypothermia. The neuronal morphological change and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expression were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence respectively. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to assess vascular function. Results showed that intraoperative hypothermia inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and caused reactive oxygen species accumulation. Additionally, the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells was transformed from contractile to synthetic, showing a decrease in smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and an increase in osteopontin. Ultimately, vascular dysfunction caused neuronal pyknosis in the CA1 region and reduced memory-related Arc expression. In conclusion, neuronal disorder in the CA1 region was caused by intraoperative hypothermia-related vascular dysfunction. This study could provide a novel understanding of the effect of intraoperative hypothermia in the hippocampus, which might identify a new research target and treatment strategy.
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19
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Hedaya AA, Hewitt KC, Hu R, Epstein CM, Gross RE, Drane DL, Willie JT. Open surgery or laser interstitial thermal therapy for low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors of the temporal lobe: A single-institution consecutive series. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 130:108659. [PMID: 35339067 PMCID: PMC9361400 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes of treating low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) in the temporal lobe with MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of treating temporal lobe LEATs with MRgLITT versus open resection in a consecutive single-institution series. We reviewed all adult patients with epilepsy that underwent surgery for temporal lobe LEATs at our institution between 2002 and 2019, during which time we switched from open surgery to MRgLITT. Surgical outcome was categorized by Engel classification at >12mo follow-up and Kaplan-Meir analysis of seizure freedom. We recorded hospital length of stay, adverse events, and available neuropsychological results. Of 14 total patients, 7 underwent 9 open resections, 6 patients underwent MRgLITT alone, and 1 patient underwent an open resection followed by MRgLITT. Baseline group demographics differed and were notable for preoperative duration of epilepsy of 9.0 years (range 1-36) for open resection versus 14.0 years (range 2-34) for MRgLITT. Median length of stay was one day shorter for MRgLITT compared to open resection (p=<.0001). There were no major adverse events in the series, but there were fewer minor adverse events following MRgLITT. At 12mo follow-up, 50% (5/10) of patients undergoing open resection and 57% (4/7) of patients undergoing MRgLITT were free of disabling seizures (Engel I). When comparing patients who underwent similar procedures in the dominant temporal lobe, patients undergoing MRgLITT had fewer and milder material-specific neuropsychological declines than patients undergoing open resections. In this small series, MRgLITT was comparably safe and effective relative to open resection of temporal lobe LEATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Hedaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kelsey C Hewitt
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ranliang Hu
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Charles M Epstein
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel L Drane
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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20
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Zheng J, Schjetnan AGP, Yebra M, Gomes BA, Mosher CP, Kalia SK, Valiante TA, Mamelak AN, Kreiman G, Rutishauser U. Neurons detect cognitive boundaries to structure episodic memories in humans. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:358-368. [PMID: 35260859 PMCID: PMC8966433 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While experience is continuous, memories are organized as discrete events. Cognitive boundaries are thought to segment experience and structure memory, but how this process is implemented remains unclear. We recorded the activity of single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe during the formation and retrieval of memories with complex narratives. Here we show that neurons responded to abstract cognitive boundaries between different episodes. Boundary-induced neural state changes during encoding predicted subsequent recognition accuracy but impaired event order memory, mirroring a fundamental behavioral tradeoff between content and time memory. Furthermore, the neural state following boundaries was reinstated during both successful retrieval and false memories. These findings reveal a neuronal substrate for detecting cognitive boundaries that transform experience into mnemonic episodes and structure mental time travel during retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea G P Schjetnan
- Krembil Brain Institute and Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mar Yebra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bernard A Gomes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clayton P Mosher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Krembil Brain Institute and Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taufik A Valiante
- Krembil Brain Institute and Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Max Planck-University of Toronto Center for Neural Science and Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam N Mamelak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Kreiman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Brains, Minds and Machines, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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21
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Xu G, Li T, Huang Y. The Effects of Intraoperative Hypothermia on Postoperative Cognitive Function in the Rat Hippocampus and Its Possible Mechanisms. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12010096. [PMID: 35053838 PMCID: PMC8773779 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication during operations and is associated with several adverse events. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and its adverse consequences have drawn increasing attention in recent years. There are currently no relevant studies investigating the correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intraoperative hypothermia on postoperative cognitive function in rats undergoing exploratory laparotomies and to investigate the possible related mechanisms. We used the Y-maze and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests to assess the rats’ postoperative spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. The morphological changes in hippocampal neurons were examined by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and hippocampal synaptic plasticity-related protein expression. Activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc), cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB), S133-phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB [S133]), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor 1 (AMPAR1), and S831-phosphorylated AMPAR1 (p-AMPAR1 [S831]) were evaluated by Western blotting. Our results suggest a correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD in rats and that intraoperative hypothermia may lead to POCD regarding impairments in spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. POCD induced by intraoperative hypothermia might be due to hippocampal neurons damage and decreased expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins Arc, p-CREB (S133), and p-AMPAR1 (S831).
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22
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Ten Oever S, Sack AT, Oehrn CR, Axmacher N. An engram of intentionally forgotten information. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6443. [PMID: 34750407 PMCID: PMC8575985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful forgetting of unwanted memories is crucial for goal-directed behavior and mental wellbeing. While memory retention strengthens memory traces, it is unclear what happens to memory traces of events that are actively forgotten. Using intracranial EEG recordings from lateral temporal cortex, we find that memory traces for actively forgotten information are partially preserved and exhibit unique neural signatures. Memory traces of successfully remembered items show stronger encoding-retrieval similarity in gamma frequency patterns. By contrast, encoding-retrieval similarity of item-specific memory traces of actively forgotten items depend on activity at alpha/beta frequencies commonly associated with functional inhibition. Additional analyses revealed selective modification of item-specific patterns of connectivity and top-down information flow from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to lateral temporal cortex in memory traces of intentionally forgotten items. These results suggest that intentional forgetting relies more on inhibitory top-down connections than intentional remembering, resulting in inhibitory memory traces with unique neural signatures and representational formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Ten Oever
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525XD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229EV, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander T Sack
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229EV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Brain and Nerve Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Debyelaan 25, 6229HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carina R Oehrn
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Biegenstraße 10, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Biegenstraße 10, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer St, Beijing, 100875, China.
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23
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Lv Z, Chen Z, Ye W, Pang X, Nie L, Chang W, Long Q, Zheng J. Disruption in Surface-Based Functional Connectivity in the Right Posterior Hippocampal CA3 Subfield: A Probable Neural Basis of Visuospatial Working Memory Impairment in Patients With Right Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:735689. [PMID: 34712198 PMCID: PMC8545809 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.735689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) impairment is common in patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy (rTLE). The posterior hippocampus is critical for spatial memory, but the contributions of the different subfields to VSWM deficits remain unclear. Forty-six rTLE patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) and structural MRI scans were administered, followed by a VSWM_Nback test. The right posterior hippocampus was automatically segmented, and the surface-based functional connectivity (SBFC) of the subiculum (Sub), CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG), hippocampal tail, and right entorhinal cortex (EC) were compared between groups. Correlation analysis was performed between the altered SBFC and VSWM_Nback scores for rTLE patients. The results showed that rTLE patients underperformed in the VSWM_Nback test, with longer mean reaction time of accurate response (ACCmeanRT) in 0back and 2back condition, lower hit rate (HR) and higher false alarm rate (FAR) in 2back condition. Compared with HCs, the rCA3 in the rTLE group exhibited decreased SBFC with inferior parietal cortex (IPC), temporal lateral cortex (TLC), and posterior visual cortex (PVC) in the right hemisphere as well as the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The SBFC of the rEC and right anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) increased in the rTLE group. Within the rTLE group, the decreased SBFC of the rCA3-rIPC and rCA3-rLTC were correlated with worse VSWM performance. Therefore, the decreased SBFC of the rCA3-rIPC and rCA3-rLTC might be the critical aberrant FC pattern reflecting VSWM impairment in rTLE patients. The mechanism might involve functional disruption between the core subsystem and the medial temporal subsystem of the default mode network (DMN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxia Lv
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zirong Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liluo Nie
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qijia Long
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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24
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Koolschijn RS, Shpektor A, Clarke WT, Ip IB, Dupret D, Emir UE, Barron HC. Memory recall involves a transient break in excitatory-inhibitory balance. eLife 2021; 10:e70071. [PMID: 34622779 PMCID: PMC8516417 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has a remarkable capacity to acquire and store memories that can later be selectively recalled. These processes are supported by the hippocampus which is thought to index memory recall by reinstating information stored across distributed neocortical circuits. However, the mechanism that supports this interaction remains unclear. Here, in humans, we show that recall of a visual cue from a paired associate is accompanied by a transient increase in the ratio between glutamate and GABA in visual cortex. Moreover, these excitatory-inhibitory fluctuations are predicted by activity in the hippocampus. These data suggest the hippocampus gates memory recall by indexing information stored across neocortical circuits using a disinhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée S Koolschijn
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Shpektor
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William T Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - I Betina Ip
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uzay E Emir
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Helen C Barron
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Liu J, Zhang H, Yu T, Ren L, Ni D, Yang Q, Lu B, Zhang L, Axmacher N, Xue G. Transformative neural representations support long-term episodic memory. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg9715. [PMID: 34623910 PMCID: PMC8500506 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Memory is often conceived as a dynamic process that involves substantial transformations of mental representations. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these transformations and their role in memory formation and retrieval have only started to be elucidated. Combining intracranial EEG recordings with deep neural network models, we provide a detailed picture of the representational transformations from encoding to short-term memory maintenance and long-term memory retrieval that underlie successful episodic memory. We observed substantial representational transformations during encoding. Critically, more pronounced semantic representational formats predicted better subsequent long-term memory, and this effect was mediated by more consistent item-specific representations across encoding events. The representations were further transformed right after stimulus offset, and the representations during long-term memory retrieval were more similar to those during short-term maintenance than during encoding. Our results suggest that memory representations pass through multiple stages of transformations to achieve successful long-term memory formation and recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Tao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Liankun Ren
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Beijing, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Duanyu Ni
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qinhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baoqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Gui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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26
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Quon RJ, Camp EJ, Meisenhelter S, Song Y, Steimel SA, Testorf ME, Andrew AS, Gross RE, Lega BC, Sperling MR, Kahana MJ, Jobst BC. Features of intracranial interictal epileptiform discharges associated with memory encoding. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2615-2626. [PMID: 34486107 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were shown to be associated with cognitive impairment in persons with epilepsy. Previous studies indicated that IED rate, location, timing, and spatial relation to the seizure onset zone could predict an IED's impact on memory encoding and retrieval if they occurred in lateral temporal, mesial temporal, or parietal regions. In this study, we explore the influence that other IED properties (e.g., amplitude, duration, white matter classification) have on memory performance. We were specifically interested in investigating the influence that lateral temporal IEDs have on memory encoding. METHODS Two hundred sixty-one subjects with medication-refractory epilepsy undergoing intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring performed multiple sessions of a delayed free-recall task (n = 671). Generalized linear mixed models were utilized to examine the relationship between IED properties and memory performance. RESULTS We found that increased IED rate, IEDs propagating in white matter, and IEDs localized to the left middle temporal region were associated with poorer memory performance. For lateral temporal IEDs, we observed a significant interaction between IED white matter categorization and amplitude, where IEDs with an increased amplitude and white matter propagation were associated with reduced memory performance. Additionally, changes in alpha power after an IED showed a significant positive correlation with memory performance. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that IED properties may be useful for predicting the impact an IED has on memory encoding. We provide an essential step toward understanding pathological versus potentially beneficial interictal epileptiform activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Quon
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Edward J Camp
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Stephen Meisenhelter
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Yinchen Song
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.,Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sarah A Steimel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Markus E Testorf
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bradley C Lega
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Kahana
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara C Jobst
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.,Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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27
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Abstract
While behavioral evidence shows that volitionally controlled learning benefits human memory, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this effect. Insights from spatial navigation research in rodents point to the relevance of hippocampal theta oscillations. However, the mechanisms through which theta might support the beneficial effects of active learning in humans are currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate hippocampal theta oscillations increase during volitional learning, promoting a segregation of task-relevant representational signals according to their semantic content. Our results constitute a direct link to the animal literature on hippocampal theta oscillations and its relation to volition and memory processes. Electrophysiological studies in rodents show that active navigation enhances hippocampal theta oscillations (4–12 Hz), providing a temporal framework for stimulus-related neural codes. Here we show that active learning promotes a similar phase coding regime in humans, although in a lower frequency range (3–8 Hz). We analyzed intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) from epilepsy patients who studied images under either volitional or passive learning conditions. Active learning increased memory performance and hippocampal theta oscillations and promoted a more accurate reactivation of stimulus-specific information during memory retrieval. Representational signals were clustered to opposite phases of the theta cycle during encoding and retrieval. Critically, during active but not passive learning, the temporal structure of intracycle reactivations in theta reflected the semantic similarity of stimuli, segregating conceptually similar items into more distant theta phases. Taken together, these results demonstrate a multilayered mechanism by which active learning improves memory via a phylogenetically old phase coding scheme.
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28
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Santos-Pata D, Amil AF, Raikov IG, Rennó-Costa C, Mura A, Soltesz I, Verschure PFMJ. Epistemic Autonomy: Self-supervised Learning in the Mammalian Hippocampus. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:582-595. [PMID: 33906817 PMCID: PMC10631471 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biological cognition is based on the ability to autonomously acquire knowledge, or epistemic autonomy. Such self-supervision is largely absent in artificial neural networks (ANN) because they depend on externally set learning criteria. Yet training ANN using error backpropagation has created the current revolution in artificial intelligence, raising the question of whether the epistemic autonomy displayed in biological cognition can be achieved with error backpropagation-based learning. We present evidence suggesting that the entorhinal-hippocampal complex combines epistemic autonomy with error backpropagation. Specifically, we propose that the hippocampus minimizes the error between its input and output signals through a modulatory counter-current inhibitory network. We further discuss the computational emulation of this principle and analyze it in the context of autonomous cognitive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Santos-Pata
- Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián F Amil
- Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - César Rennó-Costa
- Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Anna Mura
- Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul F M J Verschure
- Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Tarder-Stoll H, Gasser C, Yu W, Dimsdale-Zucker HR. Challenges in Understanding the Role of Reactivation in Modifying Hippocampal Representations. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4750-4753. [PMID: 34078645 PMCID: PMC8260168 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0334-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Gasser
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Wangjing Yu
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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30
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Gaze-pattern similarity at encoding may interfere with future memory. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7697. [PMID: 33833314 PMCID: PMC8032786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brains have a remarkable ability to separate streams of visual input into distinct memory-traces. It is unclear, however, how this ability relates to the way these inputs are explored via unique gaze-patterns. Moreover, it is yet unknown how motivation to forget or remember influences the link between gaze similarity and memory. In two experiments, we used a modified directed-forgetting paradigm and either showed blurred versions of the encoded scenes (Experiment 1) or pink noise images (Experiment 2) during attempted memory control. Both experiments demonstrated that higher levels of across-stimulus gaze similarity relate to worse future memory. Although this across-stimulus interference effect was unaffected by motivation, it depended on the perceptual overlap between stimuli and was more pronounced for different scene comparisons, than scene–pink noise comparisons. Intriguingly, these findings echo the pattern similarity effects from the neuroimaging literature and pinpoint a mechanism that could aid the regulation of unwanted memories.
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31
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Carpenter AC, Thakral PP, Preston AR, Schacter DL. Reinstatement of item-specific contextual details during retrieval supports recombination-related false memories. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118033. [PMID: 33836273 PMCID: PMC8375312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible retrieval mechanisms that allow us to infer relationships across events may also lead to memory errors or distortion when details of one event are misattributed to the related event. Here, we tested how making successful inferences alters representation of overlapping events, leading to false memories. Participants encoded overlapping associations ('AB' and 'BC'), each of which was superimposed on different indoor and outdoor scenes that were pre-exposed prior to associative learning. Participants were subsequently tested on both the directly learned pairs ('AB' and 'BC') and inferred relationships across pairs ('AC'). We predicted that when people make a correct inference, features associated with overlapping events may become integrated in memory. To test this hypothesis, participants completed a final detailed retrieval test, in which they had to recall the scene associated with initially learned 'AB' pairs (or 'BC' pairs). We found that the outcome of inference decisions impacted the degree to which neural patterns elicited during detailed 'AB' retrieval reflected reinstatement of the scene associated with the overlapping 'BC' event. After successful inference, neural patterns in the anterior hippocampus, posterior medial prefrontal cortex, and our content-reinstatement region (left inferior temporal gyrus) were more similar to the overlapping, yet incorrect 'BC' context relative to after unsuccessful inference. Further, greater hippocampal activity during inference was associated with greater reinstatement of the incorrect, overlapping context in our content-reinstatement region, which in turn tracked contextual misattributions during detailed retrieval. These results suggest recombining memories during successful inference can lead to misattribution of contextual details across related events, resulting in false memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C Carpenter
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
| | - Preston P Thakral
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, United States
| | - Alison R Preston
- Center for Learning and Memory and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
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32
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Hippocampal Theta Oscillations Support Successful Associative Memory Formation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9507-9518. [PMID: 33158958 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0767-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of memory formation posit that episodic memory formation depends critically on the hippocampus, which binds features of an event to its context. For this reason, the contrast between study items that are later recollected with their associative pair versus those for which no association is made fails should reveal electrophysiological patterns in the hippocampus selectively involved in associative memory encoding. Extensive data from studies in rodents support a model in which theta oscillations fulfill this role, but results in humans have not been as clear. Here, we used an associative recognition memory procedure to identify hippocampal correlates of successful associative memory encoding and retrieval in patients (10 females and 9 males) undergoing intracranial EEG monitoring. We identified a dissociation between 2-5 Hz and 5-9 Hz theta oscillations, by which power increases in 2-5 Hz oscillations were uniquely linked with successful associative memory in both the anterior and posterior hippocampus. These oscillations exhibited a significant phase reset that also predicted successful associative encoding and distinguished recollected from nonrecollected items at retrieval, as well as contributing to relatively greater reinstatement of encoding-related patterns for recollected versus nonrecollected items. Our results provide direct electrophysiological evidence that 2-5 Hz hippocampal theta oscillations preferentially support the formation of associative memories, although we also observed memory-related effects in the 5-9 Hz frequency range using measures such as phase reset and reinstatement of oscillatory activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Models of episodic memory encoding predict that theta oscillations support the formation of interitem associations. We used an associative recognition task designed to elicit strong hippocampal activation to test this prediction in human neurosurgical patients implanted with intracranial electrodes. The findings suggest that 2-5 Hz theta oscillatory power and phase reset in the hippocampus are selectively associated with associative memory judgments. Furthermore, reinstatement of oscillatory patterns in the hippocampus was stronger for successful recollection. Collectively, the findings support a role for hippocampal theta oscillations in human associative memory.
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33
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Tierney TM, Levy A, Barry DN, Meyer SS, Shigihara Y, Everatt M, Mellor S, Lopez JD, Bestmann S, Holmes N, Roberts G, Hill RM, Boto E, Leggett J, Shah V, Brookes MJ, Bowtell R, Maguire EA, Barnes GR. Mouth magnetoencephalography: A unique perspective on the human hippocampus. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117443. [PMID: 33059052 PMCID: PMC8214102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain imaging scanners consist of a rigid sensor array surrounding the head; this means that they are maximally sensitive to superficial brain structures. New technology based on optical pumping means that we can now consider more flexible and creative sensor placement. Here we explored the magnetic fields generated by a model of the human hippocampus not only across scalp but also at the roof of the mouth. We found that simulated hippocampal sources gave rise to dipolar field patterns with one scalp surface field extremum at the temporal lobe and a corresponding maximum or minimum at the roof of the mouth. We then constructed a fitted dental mould to accommodate an Optically Pumped Magnetometer (OPM). We collected data using a previously validated hippocampal-dependant task to test the empirical utility of a mouth-based sensor, with an accompanying array of left and right temporal lobe OPMs. We found that the mouth sensor showed the greatest task-related theta power change. We found that this sensor had a mild effect on the reconstructed power in the hippocampus (~10% change) but that coherence images between the mouth sensor and reconstructed source images showed a global maximum in the right hippocampus. We conclude that augmenting a scalp-based MEG array with sensors in the mouth shows unique promise for both basic scientists and clinicians interested in interrogating the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M Tierney
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
| | - Andrew Levy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Daniel N Barry
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Sofie S Meyer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17-19 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | | | - Matt Everatt
- S4S (UK) Limited & Smilelign Ltd, 151 Rutland Road, Sheffield S3 9PT, UK
| | - Stephanie Mellor
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Jose David Lopez
- Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gillian Roberts
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ryan M Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Elena Boto
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James Leggett
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vishal Shah
- QuSpin Inc., 2011 Cherry Street, Unit 112, Louisville, CO 80027, USA
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Eleanor A Maguire
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Gareth R Barnes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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Johnson EL, Kam JWY, Tzovara A, Knight RT. Insights into human cognition from intracranial EEG: A review of audition, memory, internal cognition, and causality. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:051001. [PMID: 32916678 PMCID: PMC7731730 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb7a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
By recording neural activity directly from the human brain, researchers gain unprecedented insight into how neurocognitive processes unfold in real time. We first briefly discuss how intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings, performed for clinical practice, are used to study human cognition with the spatiotemporal and single-trial precision traditionally limited to non-human animal research. We then delineate how studies using iEEG have informed our understanding of issues fundamental to human cognition: auditory prediction, working and episodic memory, and internal cognition. We also discuss the potential of iEEG to infer causality through the manipulation or 'engineering' of neurocognitive processes via spatiotemporally precise electrical stimulation. We close by highlighting limitations of iEEG, potential of burgeoning techniques to further increase spatiotemporal precision, and implications for future research using intracranial approaches to understand, restore, and enhance human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Johnson
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
- Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, United States of America
| | - Julia W Y Kam
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Athina Tzovara
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
- Institute for Computer Science, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center | NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
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35
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Goode TD, Tanaka KZ, Sahay A, McHugh TJ. An Integrated Index: Engrams, Place Cells, and Hippocampal Memory. Neuron 2020; 107:805-820. [PMID: 32763146 PMCID: PMC7486247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus and its extended network contribute to encoding and recall of episodic experiences. Drawing from recent anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies, we propose that hippocampal engrams function as indices to mediate memory recall. We broaden this idea to discuss potential relationships between engrams and hippocampal place cells, as well as the molecular, cellular, physiological, and circuit determinants of engrams that permit flexible routing of information to intra- and extrahippocampal circuits for reinstatement, a feature critical to memory indexing. Incorporating indexing into frameworks of memory function opens new avenues of study and even therapies for hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D Goode
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kazumasa Z Tanaka
- Memory Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan.
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36
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Schreiner T, Staudigl T. Electrophysiological signatures of memory reactivation in humans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190293. [PMID: 32248789 PMCID: PMC7209925 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivation of neural activity that was present during the encoding of an event is assumed to be essential for human episodic memory retrieval and the consolidation of memories during sleep. Pioneering animal work has already established a crucial role of memory reactivation to prepare and guide behaviour. Research in humans is now delineating the neural processes involved in memory reactivation during both wakefulness and sleep as well as their functional significance. Focusing on the electrophysiological signatures of memory reactivation in humans during both memory retrieval and sleep-related consolidation, this review provides an overview of the state of the art in the field. We outline recent advances, methodological developments and open questions and specifically highlight commonalities and differences in the neuronal signatures of memory reactivation during the states of wakefulness and sleep. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schreiner
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Staudigl
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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37
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Griffiths BJ, Fuentemilla L. Event conjunction: How the hippocampus integrates episodic memories across event boundaries. Hippocampus 2019; 30:162-171. [PMID: 31566860 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Our lives are a continuous stream of experience. Our episodic memories on the other hand have a definitive beginning, middle, and end. Theories of event segmentation suggest that salient changes in our environment produce event boundaries which partition the past from the present and, as a result, produce discretized memories. However, event boundaries cannot completely discretize two memories; any shared conceptual link will lead to the rapid integration of these memories. Here, we present a new framework inspired by electrophysiological research that resolves this apparent contradiction. At its heart, the framework proposes that hippocampal theta-gamma coupling maintains a highly abstract model of an ongoing event and serves to encode this model as an episodic memory. When a second but related event begins, this theta-gamma model is rapidly reconstructed within the hippocampus where new details of the second event can be appended to the existing event model. The event conjunction framework is the first electrophysiological explanation of how event memories can be formed at, and integrated across, event boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluís Fuentemilla
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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