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Yang M, Qiao J, Su B, Xiao Y, Kang S, Li Y, Cao H, Tang H, Zhao X. Effect of Inorganic Fillers on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Ceramizable Silicone Rubber. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1695. [PMID: 38932045 PMCID: PMC11207406 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramizable silicone rubber (CSR) composed of silicone rubber matrix and inorganic fillers can be transformed into a dense flame-retardant ceramic upon encountering high temperatures or flames. Conventionally, CSR can be sintered into a dense ceramic at temperatures above 1000 °C, which is higher than the melting point of a copper conductor used in a power cable. In this study, the vulcanization process and mass ratio of inorganic fillers of CSR were studied to lower its ceramization temperature to 950 °C. The electrical and mechanical properties of CSRs and their ceramic bulks were studied with various ratios of wollastonite and muscovite. It was found that the CSR samples could be successfully fabricated using a two-step vulcanization technique (at 120 °C and 150 °C, respectively). As a high ratio of muscovite filler was introduced into the CSR, the sample presented a high dc electrical resistivity of 6.713 × 1014 Ω·cm, and a low dielectric constant of 4.3 and dielectric loss of 0.025 at 50 Hz. After the thermal sintering (at 950 °C for 1 h) of the CSR sample with a high ratio of muscovite, the ceramic sample exhibits a dense microstructure without any pores. The ceramic also demonstrates excellent insulating properties, with a volume resistivity of 8.69 × 1011 Ω·cm, and a low dielectric loss of 0.01 at 50 Hz. Meanwhile, the three-point bending strength of the ceramic sample reaches a value of 110.03 MPa. This study provides a potential route to fabricate CSR used for fire-resistant cables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (M.Y.); (J.Q.); (Y.X.); (S.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Jingqi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (M.Y.); (J.Q.); (Y.X.); (S.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Bolin Su
- Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123032, China;
| | - Yongjian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (M.Y.); (J.Q.); (Y.X.); (S.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Shenglin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (M.Y.); (J.Q.); (Y.X.); (S.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Yuchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (M.Y.); (J.Q.); (Y.X.); (S.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Hanzhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (M.Y.); (J.Q.); (Y.X.); (S.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Hongchuan Tang
- State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute, Chongqing 401121, China;
| | - Xuetong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (M.Y.); (J.Q.); (Y.X.); (S.K.); (H.C.)
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Lungulescu EM, Stancu C, Setnescu R, Notingher PV, Badea TA. Electrical and Electro-Thermal Characteristics of (Carbon Black-Graphite)/LLDPE Composites with PTC Effect. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1224. [PMID: 38473695 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Electrical properties and electro-thermal behavior were studied in composites with carbon black (CB) or hybrid filler (CB and graphite) and a matrix of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). LLDPE, a (co)polymer with low crystallinity but with high structural regularity, was less studied for Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) applications, but it would be of interest due to its higher flexibility as compared to HDPE. Structural characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed a segregated structure resulted from preparation by solid state powder mixing followed by hot molding. Direct current (DC) conductivity measurements resulted in a percolation threshold of around 8% (w) for CB/LLDPE composites. Increased filler concentrations resulted in increased alternating current (AC) conductivity, electrical permittivity and loss factor. Resistivity-temperature curves indicate the dependence of the temperature at which the maximum of resistivity is reached (Tmax(R)) on the filler concentration, as well as a differentiation in the Tmax(R) from the crystalline transition temperatures determined by DSC. These results suggest that crystallinity is not the only determining factor of the PTC mechanism in this case. This behavior is different from similar high-crystallinity composites, and suggests a specific interaction between the conductive filler and the polymeric matrix. A strong dependence of the PTC effect on filler concentration and an optimal concentration range between 14 and 19% were also found. Graphite has a beneficial effect not only on conductivity, but also on PTC behavior. Temperature vs. time experiments, revealed good temperature self-regulation properties and current and voltage limitation, and irrespective of the applied voltage and composite type, the equilibrium superficial temperature did not exceed 80 °C, while the equilibrium current traversing the sample dropped from 22 mA at 35 V to 5 mA at 150 V, proving the limitation capacities of these materials. The concentration effects revealed in this work could open new perspectives for the compositional control of both the self-limiting and interrupting properties for various low-temperature applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard-Marius Lungulescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Stancu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Setnescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Târgoviște, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Petru V Notingher
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodor-Adrian Badea
- Romanian Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 220D Iuliu Maniu Av., 061126 Bucharest, Romania
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Liang X, Liu H, Fujinami S, Ito M, Nakajima K. Simultaneous Visualization of Microscopic Conductivity and Deformation in Conductive Elastomers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3438-3446. [PMID: 38223995 PMCID: PMC10832062 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Conductive elastomers are promising for a wide range of applications in many fields due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties, and an understanding of the conductive mechanisms of such materials under deformation is crucial. However, revealing the microscopic conduction mechanism of conductive elastomers is a challenge. In this study, we developed a method that combines in situ deformation nanomechanical atomic force microscopy (AFM) and conductive AFM to successfully and simultaneously characterize the microscopic deformation and microscopic electrical conductivity of nanofiller composite conductive elastomers. With this approach, we visualized the conductive network structure of carbon black and carbon nanotube composite conductive elastomers at the nanoscale, tracked their microscopic response under different compressive strains, and revealed the correlation between microscopic and macroscopic electrical properties. This technique is important for understanding the conductive mechanism of conductive elastomers and improving the design of conductive elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liang
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Haonan Liu
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - So Fujinami
- Office
of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho,
Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Makiko Ito
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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4
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Kim WJ, Nam KW, Kang BH, Park SH. Piezoresistive Effect of Conductive and Non-Conductive Fillers in Bi-Layer Hybrid CNT Composites under Extreme Strain. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6335. [PMID: 37763613 PMCID: PMC10534893 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymers mixed with conductive fillers hold significant potential for use in stretchable and wearable sensor devices. Enhancing the piezoresistive effect and mechanical stability is critical for these devices. To explore the changes in the electrical resistance under high strains, typically unachievable in single-layer composites, bi-layer structures were fabricated from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and EcoFlex composites to see unobservable strain regions. Spherical types of non-conductive fillers composed of polystyrene and conductive filler, coated with Ni and Au on non-conductive fillers, were used as secondary fillers to improve the piezoresistive sensitivity of composites, and their respective impact on the conductive network was compared. The electrical and mechanical properties were examined in the static state to understand the impact of these secondary fillers. The changes in the electrical resistance under 100% and 300% tensile strain, and their dependence on the inherent electrical properties of the secondary fillers, were also investigated. Single-layer CNT composites proved incapable of withstanding 300% strain, whereas the bi-layer structures proved resilient. By implementing cyclic stretching tests, contrary to non-conductive fillers, reduced piezoresistive influence of the conductive secondary filler under extreme strain conditions could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sung-Hoon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea; (W.-J.K.); (K.-W.N.); (B.-H.K.)
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5
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Akinboye OI, Zhang Y, Kondapalli VKR, Yang F, Mandrolko V, Isaiev M, Pernot G, Shanov V, Wu Y, Bahk JH. Boosting Thermoelectric Power Factor of Carbon Nanotube Networks with Excluded Volume by Co-Embedded Microparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42881-42890. [PMID: 37656973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) networks embedded in a polymer matrix have been extensively studied as a flexible thermoelectric transport medium over the recent years. However, their power factor has been largely limited by the relatively inefficient tunneling transport at junctions between CNTs and the low-density conducting channels throughout the networks. This work demonstrates that significant power factor enhancements can be achieved by adding electrically insulating microscale particles in three-dimensional CNT networks embedded in the polymer matrix. When silica particles of a few μm diameters were co-embedded in single-walled CNT (SWCNT)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites, both the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient were simultaneously enhanced, thereby boosting the power factor by more than a factor of six. We found that the silica microparticles excluded a large volume of the composite from the access of CNTs and caused CNT networks to form around them with the polymer as a binder, resulting in improved network connectivity and alignment of CNTs. Our theoretical calculations based on junction tunneling transport for three-dimensional CNT networks show that the significant power factor enhancement can be attributed to the enhanced tunneling with reduced junction distance between CNTs. Additional power factor enhancement by a factor of three was achieved by sample compression, which further reduced the mean junction distance to enhance tunneling but also reduced the geometric factor at the same time, limiting the enhancement of electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasegun Isaac Akinboye
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Mykola Isaiev
- CNRS, LEMTA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Gilles Pernot
- CNRS, LEMTA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Vesselin Shanov
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Je-Hyeong Bahk
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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Farokh Payam A, Passian A. Imaging beyond the surface region: Probing hidden materials via atomic force microscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8292. [PMID: 37379392 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Probing material properties at surfaces down to the single-particle scale of atoms and molecules has been achieved, but high-resolution subsurface imaging remains a nanometrology challenge due to electromagnetic and acoustic dispersion and diffraction. The atomically sharp probe used in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has broken these limits at surfaces. Subsurface imaging is possible under certain physical, chemical, electrical, and thermal gradients present in the material. Of all the SPM techniques, atomic force microscopy has entertained unique opportunities for nondestructive and label-free measurements. Here, we explore the physics of the subsurface imaging problem and the emerging solutions that offer exceptional potential for visualization. We discuss materials science, electronics, biology, polymer and composite sciences, and emerging quantum sensing and quantum bio-imaging applications. The perspectives and prospects of subsurface techniques are presented to stimulate further work toward enabling noninvasive high spatial and spectral resolution investigation of materials including meta- and quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Ali Passian
- Quantum Computing and Sensing, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
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7
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Hornak J, Černohous J, Prosr P, Rous P, Trnka P, Baran A, Hardoň Š. A Comprehensive Study of Polyurethane Potting Compounds Doped with Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061532. [PMID: 36987311 PMCID: PMC10059885 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, polyurethanes (PURs) have become a very promising group of materials with considerable utilization and innovation potential. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the changes in material properties important for PUR applications in the electrical industry due to the incorporation of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles at different weight ratios. From the results of the investigations carried out, it is evident that the incorporation of MgO improves the volume (by up to +0.5 order of magnitude) and surface (+1 order of magnitude) resistivities, reduces the dielectric losses at higher temperatures (-62%), improves the thermal stability of the material, and slows the decomposition reaction of polyurethane at specific temperatures (+30 °C). In contrast, the incorporation of MgO results in a slight decrease in the dielectric strength (-15%) and a significant decrease in the mechanical strength (-37%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Hornak
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Černohous
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Prosr
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rous
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trnka
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anton Baran
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 2, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Hardoň
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Žilina, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
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8
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Du Y, Wang X, Zhou Z, Zhao F, Li S, Liu Z, Wu Z, Zhao S, Li L. Effective hybridization of
SiO
2
microsphere and graphene with tannic acid interface modifier for fabrication of multifunctional natural rubber/graphene nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.6020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Du
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Xueya Wang
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Song Li
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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9
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Zhang Q, Cui J, Zhao S, Zhang G, Gao A, Yan Y. Development of Electromagnetic-Wave-Shielding Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Carbon Nanotube Composites by Improving Impedance Matching and Conductivity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:417. [PMID: 36770378 PMCID: PMC9921545 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is attained by improving impedance matching and conductivity through structural design. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-Ti3C2Tx MXene-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) composites with layered heterogeneous conductive fillers and segregated structures were prepared through electrostatic flocculation and hot pressing of the PVDF composite microsphere-coated MXene and SWCNTs in a layer-by-layer fashion. Results suggest that the heterogeneous fillers improve impedance matching and layered coating, and hot compression allows the MXene and SWCNTs to form a continuous conducting network at the PVDF interface, thereby conferring excellent conductivity to the composite. The PVDF-MXene-SWCNTs composite showed a conductivity of 2.75 S cm-1 at 2.5% MXene and 1% SWCNTs. The EMI shielding efficiency (SE) and contribution from absorption loss to the total EMI SE of PVDF-MXene-SWCNTs were 46.1 dB and 85.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the PVDF-MXene-SWCNTs composite exhibited excellent dielectric losses and impedance matching. Therefore, the layered heteroconductive fillers in a segregated structure optimize impedance matching, provide excellent conductivity, and improve absorption-dominated electromagnetic shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Guangfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ailin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yehai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Abdul-Hussein YM, Hussain RK, Khalaf MK. Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD) Technique of SrTiO3: B Thin Films and Study the Structural and Optical Properties and Hall Effect Measurements. AL-MUSTANSIRIYAH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.23851/mjs.v33i4.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) technique is very precise implemented to fabrication of structured SrTiO3 and Sr1-xBxTiO3 thin films at doping ratio (x = 2, 4, 6 and 8) % at temperature 400 °C on a glass substrate. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns illustrated that the SrTiO3 and Sr1-xBxTiO3 thin films have a polycrystalline nature and cubic structure, the detailed characterization of the films by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Surface Morphology studied by using (AFM) and (SEM). Have been noticed from AFM measurement the Roughness and RMS were increased with increases doping ratio. The optical properties of SrTiO3 and Sr1-xBxTiO3 thin films have been studied at doping ratio (x = 2, 4, 6 and 8) % at rate (300-900) nm. The transmittance spectrum is characterized by the opposite behavior of the absorbance spectrum. The transmittance generally increases with the increase in the wavelength of radiation, at wavelengths with low energies while the absorbance decreased slowly at spectrum rate (300-900) nm i.e. in the visible region. The band gap (Eg) is decreased at (3.2 - 2.5) eV which indicates that the doping process has led to the emergence of localized levels in the region confined by the valence and conduction bands, led to a reduction in the photon energy required for direct electronic transitions to occur. Found the carriers concentration charge are holes of Sr1-xBxTiO3 thin films at doping ratio (x = 2, 4, 6 and 8) %. Many properties can be improved by adding impurities such as Boron (B) to the SrTiO3, which can be used in solar cells, electronic industries or thermoelectric generators by controlling the optical or structural properties of the material by controlling the materials and percentages of impurity, or through heat treatment of the material, such as annealing, for example or exposure to different temperatures.
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11
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Sun WJ, Sun H, Jia LC, Lei J, Lin H, Tang JH, Wang YY, Yan DX. Segregated Conductive Carbon Nanotube/Poly(ethylene- co-vinyl acetate) Composites for Low-Voltage Reversible Actuators. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Sun
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - He Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li-Chuan Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jian-Hua Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue-Yi Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ding-Xiang Yan
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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12
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Wang T, Liu Y, Liu H, Liu C. Variations of tunnelling resistance between CNTs with strain in composites: non-monotonicty and influencing factors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:405203. [PMID: 35764051 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7c7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electro-mechanical response of conductive carbon-nanotube(CNT)-polymer composites is vital when they are used as smart-sensing materials. Clarifying the variation trend of resistance with strain is the key to design and regulate the piezoresistive property of such material. Here, we present some finite element simulations to predict the electro-mechanical response using a geometrical model comprising two hollow cylindrical CNTs and a cuboid matrix. The electrical contact between CNTs is represented by some elements which account for quantum tunnelling effects and capture the sensitivity of conductivity to separation. Different from classical simulations using solid model or one-dimensional beam model, in which the tunnelling resistance between two CNTs changes monotonously with strain, the results in this work show that the trend is non-monotonic in some cases, i.e. it increases at first and then decreases with the uniaxial compressive strain when the elastic modulus of the matrix is high. In addition, factors affecting the different variation trends are discussed in details, which include geometric model, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the matrix, and orientation angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengrui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
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13
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Ji R, Fan J, Wang N, Wang J, Shi J, Li YM. Total chemical synthesis of tyrosine iodinated histone through four-segment sequential native chemical ligation. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Fabrication and Model Characterization of the Electrical Conductivity of PVA/PPy/rGO Nanocomposite. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123696. [PMID: 35744818 PMCID: PMC9230829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the numerous advantages of graphene-based polymer nanocomposite, this study is focused on the fabrication of the hybrid of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polypyrrole (PPy), and reduced graphene-oxide. The study primarily carried out the experimentation and the mathematical analysis of the electrical conductivity of PVA/PPy/rGO nanocomposite. The preparation method involves solvent/drying blending method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of the nanocomposite. The electrical conductivity of the fabricated PVA/PPy/rGO nanocomposite was investigated by varying the content of PPy/rGO on PVA. From the result obtained, it was observed that at about 0.4 (wt%) of the filler content, the nanocomposite experienced continuous conduction. In addition, Ondracek, Dalmas s-shape, dose–response, and Gaussian fitting models were engaged for the analysis of the electrical transport property of the nanocomposite. The models were validated by comparing their predictions with the experimental measurements. The results obtained showed consistency with the experimental data. Moreover, this study confirmed that the electrical conductivity of polymer-composite largely depends on the weight fraction of fillers. By considering the flexibility, simplicity, and versatility of the studied models, this study suggests their deployment for the optimal characterization/simulation tools for the prediction of the electrical conductivity of polymer-composites.
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15
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Zhang R, Örtegren J, Hummelgård M, Olsen M, Andersson H, Olin H. A review of the advances in composites/nanocomposites for triboelectric nanogenerators. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:212003. [PMID: 35030545 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4b7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Material development is essential when studying triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). This importance is because the performance of TENGs is highly dependent on the properties of the utilized triboelectric materials. To obtain more specific properties, composites have been developed that combine the features of their components. According to Google Scholar, 55% of published papers related to triboelectric nanogenerators have utilized or mentioned composites. This number is 34.5% if one searches with the keyword nanocomposites instead of composites. The importance of composites is because they can exhibit new dielectric properties, better mechanical strength, enhanced charge affinities, etc. Therefore, the development of new composites has great importance in TENG studies. In this paper, we review the production of nanocomposites, the types of nanocomposites, and their application in TENG studies. This review gives an overview of how nanocomposites boost the performance of TENGs and provides guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyun Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Jonas Örtegren
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hummelgård
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Martin Olsen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Henrik Andersson
- Department of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
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16
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Yoo J, Kim DY, Kim H, Hur ON, Park SH. Comparison of Pressure Sensing Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Black Polymer Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031213. [PMID: 35161157 PMCID: PMC8838471 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Polymer composites containing conductive fillers that utilize the piezoresistive effect can be employed in flexible pressure sensors. Depending on the filler used, different characteristics of a pressure sensor such as repeatability, sensitivity, and hysteresis can be determined. To confirm the variation of the pressure sensing tendency in accordance with the dimensions of the filler, carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as representative 0-dimension and 1-dimension conductive fillers, respectively. The piezoresistive effect was exploited to analyze the process of resistance change according to pressure using CB/PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and CNT/PDMS composites. The electrical characteristics observed for each filler were confirmed to be in accordance with its content. The pressure sensitivity of each composite was optimized, and the pressure-sensing mechanism that explains the difference in sensitivity is presented. Through repeated compression experiments, the hysteresis and repeatability of the pressure-sensing properties were examined.
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17
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Synthesis and Electro-Optical Properties of a New Conjugated Polymer Based on a Tetrazine Moiety for Solution-Processed Devices. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Xiao W, Zhang Z, Xu B, Liang J, Cao X, Zhao S, Cui J, Gao A, Zhang G, Yan Y. Facile preparation of high-performance and multifunctional PVC-based nanocomposites with segregated structure achieved by volume repulsion and toughening effects of ABS. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Hong W, Jiang C, Qin M, Song Z, Ji P, Wang L, Tu K, Lu L, Guo Z, Yang B, Wang X, Liu J. Self-adaptive cardiac optogenetics device based on negative stretching-resistive strain sensor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj4273. [PMID: 34818034 PMCID: PMC8612680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine calls for high demand of continuous, closed-loop physiological monitoring and accurate control, especially for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac optogenetics is promising for its superiority of cell selectivity and high time-space accuracy, but the efficacy of optogenetics relative to the input of light stimulus is detected and controlled separately by discrete instruments in vitro, which suffers from time retardation, energy consumption, and poor portability. Thus, a highly integrated system based on implantable sensors combining closed-loop self-monitoring with simultaneous treatment is highly desired. Here, we report a self-adaptive cardiac optogenetics system based on an original negative stretching-resistive strain sensor array for closed-loop heart rate recording and self-adaptive light intensity control. The strain sensor exhibits a dual and synchronous capability of precise monitor and physiological-electrical-optical regulation. In an in vivo ventricular tachycardia model, our system demonstrates the potential of a negative stretching-resistive device in controlling-in-sensor electronics for wearable/implantable autodiagnosis and telehealth applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunpeng Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ziliang Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Pengfei Ji
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Longchun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kejun Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhejun Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Zhang S, Schuster J, Frühauf-Wyllie H, Arat S, Yadav S, Schneider JJ, Stöckl M, Ukrainczyk N, Koenders E. Conductive Geopolymers as Low-Cost Electrode Materials for Microbial Fuel Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28859-28870. [PMID: 34746578 PMCID: PMC8567353 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Geopolymer (GP) inorganic binders have a superior acid resistance compared to conventional cement (e.g., Portland cement, PC) binders, have better microbial compatibility, and are suitable for introducing electrically conductive additives to improve electron and ion transfer properties. In this study, GP-graphite (GPG) composites and PC-graphite (PCG) composites with a graphite content of 1-10 vol % were prepared and characterized. The electrical conductivity percolation threshold of the GPG and PCG composites was around 7 and 8 vol %, respectively. GPG and PCG composites with a graphite content of 8 to 10 vol % were selected as anode electrodes for the electrochemical analysis in two-chamber polarized microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Graphite electrodes were used as the positive control reference material. Geobacter sulfurreducens was used as a biofilm-forming and electroactive model organism for MFC experiments. Compared to the conventional graphite anodes, the anode-respiring biofilms resulted in equal current production on GPG composite anodes, whereas the PCG composites showed a very poor performance. The largest mean value of the measured current densities of a GPG composite used as anodes in MFCs was 380.4 μA cm-2 with a standard deviation of 129.5 μA cm-2. Overall, the best results were obtained with electrodes having a relatively low Ohmic resistance, that is, GPG composites and graphite. The very first approach employing sustainable GPs as a low-cost electrode binder material in an MFC showed promising results with the potential to greatly reduce the production costs of MFCs, which would also increase the feasibility of MFC large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifan Zhang
- Department
of Materials in Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schuster
- Department
of Electrochemistry, DECHEMA-Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Hanna Frühauf-Wyllie
- Department
of Industrial Biotechnology, DECHEMA-Research
Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Serkan Arat
- Department
of Corrosion, DECHEMA-Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Stöckl
- Department
of Electrochemistry, DECHEMA-Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Neven Ukrainczyk
- Department
of Materials in Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eddie Koenders
- Department
of Materials in Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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21
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Yu S, Shen X, Kim JK. Beyond homogeneous dispersion: oriented conductive fillers for high κ nanocomposites. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3009-3042. [PMID: 34623368 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of structures for regulating the thermal conductivities (κ) of materials is critical to many components and products employed in electrical, electronic, energy, construction, aerospace, and medical applications. As such, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing polymer composites with tailored conducting filler architectures and thermal conduits for highly improved κ. This paper is dedicated to overviewing recent advances in this area to offer perspectives for the next level of future development. The limitations of conventional particulate-filled composites and the issue of percolation are discussed. In view of different directions of heat dissipation in polymer composites for different end applications, various approaches for designing the micro- and macroscopic structures of thermally conductive networks in the polymer matrix are highlighted. Methodological approaches devised to significantly ameliorate thermal conduction are categorized with respect to the pathways of heat dissipation. Future prospects for the development of thermally conductive polymer composites with modulated thermal conduction pathways are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunggun Yu
- Insulation Materials Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea.
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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22
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El Haber G, Noel L, Lin CF, Gree S, Vidal L, Zan HW, Hobeika N, Lhost O, Trolez Y, Soppera O. Near-Infrared Laser Direct Writing of Conductive Patterns on the Surface of Carbon Nanotube Polymer Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49279-49287. [PMID: 34613692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) laser annealing is used to write conductive patterns on the surface of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite (PP/MWCNT) plates. Before irradiation, the surface of the nanocomposite is not conductive due to the partial alignment of the MWCNT, which occurs during injection molding. We observe a significant decrease in the surface sheet resistance using NIR laser irradiation, which we explain by a randomization of the orientation of MWCNTs in the PP matrix melt by NIR laser irradiation. After only 5 s of irradiation, the sheet resistance of PP/MWCNTs, annealed with a laser at a power density of 7 W/cm2, decreases by more than 4 decades from ∼100 MΩ/sq to ∼1 kΩ/sq. Polarized Raman, TEM, and SEM are used to investigate the changes in the sheet resistance and confirm the physico-chemical processes involved. This allows direct writing of conductive patterns using a NIR laser on the surface of nanocomposite polymer substrates, with the advantages of a fast, easy, and low-energy consumption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerges El Haber
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Engineering Branch 2, Roumieh, Metn, Mount-Lebanon, Beirut 90656, Lebanon
| | - Laurent Noel
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Ching-Fu Lin
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Simon Gree
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Loïc Vidal
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Hsiao-Wen Zan
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nelly Hobeika
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Engineering Branch 2, Roumieh, Metn, Mount-Lebanon, Beirut 90656, Lebanon
| | | | - Yves Trolez
- TotalEnergies OneTech Belgium, Feluy 7181, Belgium
| | - Olivier Soppera
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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23
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Al Faruque MA, Syduzzaman M, Sarkar J, Bilisik K, Naebe M. A Review on the Production Methods and Applications of Graphene-Based Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2414. [PMID: 34578730 PMCID: PMC8469961 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials in the form of fibres, fabrics, films, and composite materials are the most widely investigated research domains because of their remarkable physicochemical and thermomechanical properties. In this era of scientific advancement, graphene has built the foundation of a new horizon of possibilities and received tremendous research focus in several application areas such as aerospace, energy, transportation, healthcare, agriculture, wastewater management, and wearable technology. Although graphene has been found to provide exceptional results in every application field, a massive proportion of research is still underway to configure required parameters to ensure the best possible outcomes from graphene-based materials. Until now, several review articles have been published to summarise the excellence of graphene and its derivatives, which focused mainly on a single application area of graphene. However, no single review is found to comprehensively study most used fabrication processes of graphene-based materials including their diversified and potential application areas. To address this genuine gap and ensure wider support for the upcoming research and investigations of this excellent material, this review aims to provide a snapshot of most used fabrication methods of graphene-based materials in the form of pure and composite fibres, graphene-based composite materials conjugated with polymers, and fibres. This study also provides a clear perspective of large-scale production feasibility and application areas of graphene-based materials in all forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Syduzzaman
- Nano/Micro Fiber Preform Design and Composite Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (M.S.); (K.B.)
- Department of Textile Engineering Management, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Joy Sarkar
- Department of Textile Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh;
| | - Kadir Bilisik
- Nano/Micro Fiber Preform Design and Composite Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Maryam Naebe
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
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24
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Shim HJ, Sunwoo S, Kim Y, Koo JH, Kim D. Functionalized Elastomers for Intrinsically Soft and Biointegrated Electronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002105. [PMID: 33506654 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elastomers are suitable materials for constructing a conformal interface with soft and curvilinear biological tissue due to their intrinsically deformable mechanical properties. Intrinsically soft electronic devices whose mechanical properties are comparable to human tissue can be fabricated using suitably functionalized elastomers. This article reviews recent progress in functionalized elastomers and their application to intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics. Elastomers can be functionalized by adding appropriate fillers, either nanoscale materials or polymers. Conducting or semiconducting elastomers synthesized and/or processed with these materials can be applied to the fabrication of soft biointegrated electronic devices. For facile integration of soft electronics with the human body, additional functionalization strategies can be employed to improve adhesive or autonomous healing properties. Recently, device components for intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics, including sensors, stimulators, power supply devices, displays, and transistors, have been developed. Herein, representative examples of these fully elastomeric device components are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and future outlooks for the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Shim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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25
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Alam RB, Ahmad MH, Islam MR. Bio-inspired gelatin/single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite for transient electrochemical energy storage: An approach towards eco-friendly and sustainable energy system. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07468. [PMID: 34278039 PMCID: PMC8264608 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide-scale production of non-biodegradable e-waste from electrical appliances are causing great harm to the environment. The use of bio-polymer based nanomaterials may offer a promising approach for the fabrication of eco-friendly sustainable devices. In this work, gelatin/single walled carbon nanotube (Gel/SWCNT) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple and economic aqueous casting method. The effect of SWCNT on the structural, surface-morphological, electrical, and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite was studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed an improved degree of interaction between the SWCNTs and Gel matrix. The surface wettability of the nanocomposites was found to be changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic in nature due to the incorporation of SWCNTs into the Gel matrix. The incorporation of SWCNTs was also found to reduce the DC resistivity of the nanocomposite by 4 orders of magnitude. SWCNTs also increase the specific capacitance of the nanocomposite from 124 mF/g to 467 mF/g at a current density of 0.3 mA/g. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed an increase of the pseudo-capacitance increased from 9.4 μF to 31 μF due to the incorporation of SWCNT. The Gel/SWCNT nanocomposite showed cyclic stability with capacitive retention of about 98% of its initial capacitance after completing 2000 charging/discharging cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g. The nanocomposite completely dissolves in water within 12 h, demonstrates it as a promising candidate for transient energy storage applications. The Gel/SWCNT nanocomposite may offer a new route for the synthesis of eco-friendly, biodegradable, and transient devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeya Binta Alam
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasive Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Rakibul Islam
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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26
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Guan QF, Han ZM, Yang HB, Ling ZC, Yu SH. Regenerated isotropic wood. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa230. [PMID: 34691687 PMCID: PMC8310772 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of sustainable high-performance structural materials is a core part of the key global sustainability goal. Many efforts have been made in this field; however, challenges remain in terms of lowering costs by using all-green basic building blocks and improving mechanical properties to meet the demand of practical applications. Here, we report a robust and efficient bottom-up strategy with micro/nanoscale structure design to regenerate an isotropic wood from natural wood particles as a high-performance sustainable structural material. Regenerated isotropic wood (RGI-wood) exceeds the limitations of the anisotropic and inconsistent mechanical properties of natural wood, having isotropic flexural strength of ∼170 MPa and flexural modulus of ∼10 GPa. RGI-wood also shows superior water resistance and fire retardancy properties to natural pine wood. Mass production of large sized RGI-wood and functional RGI-wood nanocomposites can also be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fang Guan
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Meng Han
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huai-Bin Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhang-Chi Ling
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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27
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Cheng H, Cao C, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu Y, Huang B, Sun XL, Guo Y, Xiao L, Chen Q, Qian Q. Enhancement of Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance and Wear Resistance of the UHMWPE/PP Blend by Constructing a Segregated Hybrid Conductive Carbon Black-Polymer Network. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15078-15088. [PMID: 34151088 PMCID: PMC8210415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The low-percolation-threshold conductive networking structure is indispensable for the high performance and functionalization of conductive polymer composites (CPCs). In this work, conductive carbon black (CCB)-reinforced ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/polypropylene (PP) blend with tunable electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties was prepared using a high-speed mechanical mixing method and a compression-molded process. An interconnecting segregated hybrid CCB-polymer network is formed in electrically conductive UHMWPE/PP/CCB (UPC) composites. The UPC composites possess a dense conductive pathway at a low percolation threshold of 0.48 phr. The composite with 3 phr CCB gives an electrical conductivity value of 1.67 × 10-3 S/cm, 12 orders of magnitude higher than that of the polymeric matrix, suggesting that CCB improves both the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of the composite at the loading fraction over its percolation threshold. The composite with 15 phr CCB presents an absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) as high as 27.29 dB at the X-band. The composite also presents higher tribological properties, mechanical properties, and thermal stability compared to the UP blend. This effort provides a simple and effective way for the mass fabrication of CPC materials with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Cheng
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Changlin Cao
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- College
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Liming
Vocational University, Tonggang Road 298, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yangtao Wang
- College
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Liming
Vocational University, Tonggang Road 298, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- College
of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Baoquan Huang
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Li Sun
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Yiyou Guo
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Lireng Xiao
- Engineering
Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Qingrong Qian
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, China
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28
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Cao J, Ren S, Xin S, Bai Y, Wang W, Gao W. Significantly enhanced the properties of
PE
/
GO
composites with segregated structures via two‐step compound. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Cao
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University‐Fangda Carbon Co., Ltd, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Shangyuan Ren
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University‐Fangda Carbon Co., Ltd, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Shixuan Xin
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University‐Fangda Carbon Co., Ltd, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Yongxiao Bai
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University‐Fangda Carbon Co., Ltd, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Wensheng Gao
- Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
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29
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Joung KY, Kim SY, Kang I, Cho SH. 3D-Printed Load Cell Using Nanocarbon Composite Strain Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3675. [PMID: 34070613 PMCID: PMC8197815 DOI: 10.3390/s21113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of a 3D-Printed Load Cell (PLC) was studied using a nanocarbon composite strain sensor (NCSS) and a 3D printing process. The miniature load cell was fabricated using a low-cost LCD-based 3D printer with UV resin. The NCSS composed of 0.5 wt% MWCNT/epoxy was used to create the flexure of PLC. PLC performance was evaluated under a rated load range; its output was equal to the common value of 2 mV/V. The performance was also evaluated after a calibration in terms of non-linearity, repeatability, and hysteresis, with final results of 2.12%, 1.60%, and 4.42%, respectively. Creep and creep recovery were found to be 1.68 (%FS) and 4.16 (%FS). The relative inferiorities of PLC seem to originate from the inherent hyper-elastic characteristics of polymer sensors. The 3D PLC developed may be a promising solution for the OEM/design-in load cell market and may also result in the development of a novel 3D-printed sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Young Joung
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
- Department of Innovative Smart Manufacturing R&D, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea
| | - Sung-Yong Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Inpil Kang
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Sung-Ho Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
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30
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Yun G, Tang SY, Lu H, Zhang S, Dickey MD, Li W. Hybrid‐Filler Stretchable Conductive Composites: From Fabrication to Application. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Yun
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Hongda Lu
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Department of Precision Machinery and Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230027 China
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
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31
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Wang S, Chen G, Yao B, Chee AJY, Wang Z, Du P, Qu S, Yu ACH. In Situ and Intraoperative Detection of the Ureter Injury Using a Highly Sensitive Piezoresistive Sensor with a Tunable Porous Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21669-21679. [PMID: 33929181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iatrogenic ureteral injury, as a commonly encountered problem in gynecologic, colorectal, and pelvic surgeries, is known to be difficult to detect in situ and in real-time. Consequently, this injury may be left untreated, thereby leading to serious complications such as infections, renal failure, or even death. Here, high-performance tubular porous pressure sensors were proposed to identify the ureter in situ intraoperatively. The electrical conductivity, mechanical compressibility, and sensor sensitivity can be tuned by changing the pore structure of porous conductive composites. A low percolation threshold of 0.33 vol % was achieved due to the segregated conductive network by pores. Pores also lead to a low effective Young's modulus and high compressibility of the composites and thus result in a high sensitivity of 448.2 kPa-1 of sensors, which is consistent with the results of COMSOL simulation. Self-mounted on the tip of forceps, the sensors can monitor tube pressures with different frequencies and amplitudes, as demonstrated using an artificial pump system. The sensors can also differentiate ureter pulses from aorta pulses of a Bama minipig in situ and in real-time. This work provides a facile, cost-effective, and nondestructive method to identify the ureter intraoperatively, which cannot be effectively achieved by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Guorui Chen
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Bing Yao
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Adrian J Y Chee
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zongrong Wang
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Piyi Du
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Shaoxing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
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32
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Huang K, Jiang L, Du Y, Wang J, Zheng X, Jiang X, Sui Y, Che M, Xu Q, Li L, Xin Z, Zhao S. Multifunctional NR/MWCNTs nanocomposites constructed via combining volume exclusion of SiO2 microspheres with interface reinforcement of tannic acid. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Aslanidis E, Skotadis E, Tsoukalas D. Simulation tool for predicting and optimizing the performance of nanoparticle based strain sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:275501. [PMID: 33761486 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work a Monte-Carlo tool simulating platinum nanoparticle (NP) based strain-sensors, on flexible substrates, is presented. The tool begins by randomly placing the NPs on the simulation area, with the ability to tune the NP surface coverage. After the calculation of the conductive paths that were generated in the previous step, the whole system is represented with an equivalent circuit; the NPs and the NP clusters act as nodes and the inter-particle gaps as resistances. The effective resistance is then calculated with the use of a Laplacian Matrix, which has proven extremely effective in significantly reducing the overall computational time. The simulation results are then benchmarked with experimental measurements from actual strain-sensing devices. The software is capable of predicting the strain-sensitivity for different NP sizes as well as surface coverages, emerging as a powerful computational tool for design-optimization of NP based devices in polymeric substrates, while it could well be extended to other nanocomposite materials used in flexible or stretchable electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Aslanidis
- Department of Applied Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Evangelos Skotadis
- Department of Applied Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Applied Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15780, Greece
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34
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Jiawen Ji, Xia P, Zhu X, Liu P, Wu C, Tao J, Yan J, Liu X. A Simulation for the Electrical Conductivity of Nanocomposites Filled with Carbon Black Based on the Three-dimensional Monte Carlo Method. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x21020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Cesano F, Uddin MJ, Damin A, Scarano D. Multifunctional Conductive Paths Obtained by Laser Processing of Non-Conductive Carbon Nanotube/Polypropylene Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:604. [PMID: 33670969 PMCID: PMC7997224 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Functional materials are promising candidates for application in structural health monitoring/self-healing composites, wearable systems (smart textiles), robotics, and next-generation electronics. Any improvement in these topics would be of great relevance to industry, environment, and global needs for energy sustainability. Taking into consideration all these aspects, low-cost fabrication of electrical functionalities on the outer surface of carbon-nanotube/polypropylene composites is presented in this paper. Electrical-responsive regions and conductive tracks, made of an accumulation layer of carbon nanotubes without the use of metals, have been obtained by the laser irradiation process, leading to confined polymer melting/vaporization with consequent local increase of the nanotube concentration over the electrical percolation threshold. Interestingly, by combining different investigation methods, including thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies (SEM, AFM), and Raman spectroscopy, the electrical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypropylene (MWCNT/PP) composites have been elucidated to unfold their potentials under static and dynamic conditions. More interestingly, prototypes made of simple components and electronic circuits (resistor, touch-sensitive devices), where conventional components have been substituted by the carbon nanotube networks, are shown. The results contribute to enabling the direct integration of carbon conductive paths in conventional electronics and next-generation platforms for low-power electronics, sensors, and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cesano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Mohammed Jasim Uddin
- Photonics and Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Alessandro Damin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Domenica Scarano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (A.D.); (D.S.)
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36
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Bizhani H, Katbab AA, Lopez-Hernandez E, Miranda JM, Lopez-Manchado MA, Verdejo R. Preparation and Characterization of Highly Elastic Foams with Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Based on Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer Rubber Filled with Barium Titanate/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Hybrid. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102278. [PMID: 33023049 PMCID: PMC7600982 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) nanocomposite foams were produced via compression molding with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption efficiency. The hybrid filler, consisting of 20 phr ferroelectric barium titanate (BT) and various loading fractions of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), synergistically increased the electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption characteristics of the EPDM foam. Accordingly, while the EPDM foam filled with 20 phr BT was transparent to the EM wave within the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band), the hybrid EPDM nanocomposite foam loaded with 20 phr BT and 10 phr MWCNTs presented a total shielding effectiveness (SE) of ~22.3 dB compared to ~16.0 dB of the MWCNTs (10 phr). This synergistic effect is suggested to be due to the segregation of MWCNT networks within the cellular structure of EPDM, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity, and also high dielectric permittivity of the foam imparted by the BT particles. Moreover, the total SE of the BT/MWCNTs loaded foam samples remained almost unchanged when subjected to repeated bending due to the elastic recovery behavior of the crosslinked EPDM foamed nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Bizhani
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran;
| | - Ali Asghar Katbab
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran;
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Emil Lopez-Hernandez
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-H.); (M.A.L.-M.)
| | - Jose Miguel Miranda
- Department Estructura de la Materia, Facultad de Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Lopez-Manchado
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-H.); (M.A.L.-M.)
| | - Raquel Verdejo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-H.); (M.A.L.-M.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (R.V.)
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37
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Bending Properties of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites with Various Aspect Ratios and Filler Contents. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090857. [PMID: 32957456 PMCID: PMC7569917 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The key characteristics of bending sensors are piezoresistive effect, hysteresis, and durability. In this study, to investigate the influence of the aspect ratio and contents of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) on the properties of bending sensors, MWNT/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites were fabricated with various aspect ratios and filler contents. The MWNTs were uniformly dispersed in the composites using the three-roll milling method. By increasing the bending angle gradually, the sensitivity of each composite was analyzed. Furthermore, discontinuous cyclic bending tests were conducted to investigate the piezoresistive effect and hysteresis. In addition, stable repeatability of the composites was confirmed through continuous cyclic bending tests. As a result, optimal aspect ratios and filler contents have been presented for application in bending sensors of MWNT composites.
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38
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Cumba LR, Camisasca A, Giordani S, Forster RJ. Electrochemical Properties of Screen-Printed Carbon Nano-Onion Electrodes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173884. [PMID: 32858929 PMCID: PMC7503887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) make them attractive electrode materials/additives for the development of low-cost, simple to use and highly sensitive Screen Printed Electrodes (SPEs). Here, we report the development of the first CNO-based ink for the fabrication of low-cost and disposable electrodes, leading to high-performance sensors. Achieving a true dispersion of CNOs is intrinsically challenging and a key aspect of the ink formulation. The screen-printing ink formulation is achieved by carefully selecting and optimising the conductive materials (graphite (GRT) and CNOs), the polymer binder, the organic solvent and the plasticiser. Our CNO/GRT-based screen-printed electrodes consist of an interconnected network of conducting carbon particles with a uniform distribution. Electrochemical studies show a heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant of 1.3 ± 0.7 × 10-3 cm·s-1 and a higher current density than the ferrocene/ferrocenium coupled to a commercial graphite SPEs. In addition, the CNO/GRT SPE can detect dopamine in the concentration range of 10.0-99.9 µM with a limit of detection of 0.92 µM (N = 3). They exhibit a higher analytical sensitivity than the commercial graphite-based SPE, with a 4-fold improvement observed. These results open up the possibility of using high-performing CNO-based SPEs for electrochemical applications including sensors, battery electrodes and electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loanda R. Cumba
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (A.C.); (R.J.F.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Adalberto Camisasca
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (A.C.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (A.C.); (R.J.F.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Robert J. Forster
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (A.C.); (R.J.F.)
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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39
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Flexible Chemical Sensors Using Signal Generation from Cyclodextrin-Analyte Interactions on Polymer Composites. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-020-4303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Strain‑Sensing Properties of Multi‑Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polydimethylsiloxane Composites with Different Aspect Ratio and Filler Contents. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112431. [PMID: 32466376 PMCID: PMC7321310 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For filler composite systems used in strain sensor applications, piezoresistive effect, strain hysteresis, and repeatability are critical factors, which have to be clearly evaluated and understood. To investigate the effects of the aspect ratio and content of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on the strain sensor properties of the composite, MWCNT/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites with varying filler contents and aspect ratios were fabricated. In order to uniformly disperse MWCNTs on the polymer matrix, we used a three-roll milling method to generate high shear force for de-bundling MWCNTs. Mechanical and electrical properties of the MWCNT composites were evaluated for each case. In addition, through the cyclic stretching test, we optimized the strain-sensing properties of the MWCNT composites by considering their piezoresistive effects and strain hysteresis.
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41
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Lee J, Yun Y, Lee SH, Hwang J. Numerical Characterization for Electrical Conductivity of Two-Dimensional Nanocomposite Systems with Conducting Fiber Fillers. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102410. [PMID: 32456278 PMCID: PMC7288332 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid nanotube composite systems with two different types of fillers attract considerable attention in several applications. The incorporation of secondary fillers exhibits conflicting behaviors of the electrical conductivity, which either increases or decreases according to the dimension of secondary fillers. This paper addresses quantitative models to predict the electrical performance in the configuration of two dimensional systems with one-dimensional secondary fillers. To characterize these properties, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted for percolating networks with a realistic model with the consideration of the resistance of conducting NWs, which conventional computational approaches mostly lack from the common assumption of zero-resistance or perfect conducting NWs. The simulation results with nonperfect conductor NWs are compared with the previous results of perfect conductors. The variation of the electrical conductivity reduces with the consideration of the resistance as compared to the cases with perfect conducting fillers, where the overall electrical conductivity solely originates from the contact resistance caused by tunneling effects between NWs. In addition, it is observed that the resistance associated with the case of invariant conductivity with respect to the dimension of the secondary fillers increases, resulting in the need for secondary fillers with the increased scale to achieve the same electrical performance. The results offer useful design guidelines for the use of a two-dimensional percolation network for flexible conducting electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea;
| | - Yesol Yun
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +82-2-300-0422 (J.H.)
| | - Jinyoung Hwang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +82-2-300-0422 (J.H.)
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Development of Multi-Functional Graphene Polymer Composites Having Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and De-Icing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122101. [PMID: 31847400 PMCID: PMC6960600 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a multi-functional graphene composite with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and de-icing properties. Two-dimensional graphene fillers were homogeneously dispersed in a polymer by three-roll milling. The electrical properties and percolation threshold of the graphene composites were measured with various graphene contents. The variation in the EMI shielding properties of the graphene composites with respect to the filler content was measured. The shielding efficiency improved with increasing graphene filler content. Furthermore, we conducted electrical heating tests on the graphene composites. The composites could be heated rapidly to 200 °C by electrical Joule heating with low electric power because of the high electrical conductivity of the composite. Moreover, the composite film was suitable for application in a de-icing unit because of its rapid and homogenous heating performance.
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Effect of Dispersion by Three-Roll Milling on Electrical Properties and Filler Length of Carbon Nanotube Composites. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12233823. [PMID: 31766359 PMCID: PMC6926710 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For practical use of carbon nanotube (CNT) composites, especially in electronic applications, uniform dispersion of a high concentration of CNTs in a polymer matrix is a critical challenge. Three-roll milling is one of most reliable dispersion techniques. We investigate the effect of three-roll milling time on CNT length and the electrical properties of a CNT/polydimethylsiloxane composite film with 10 wt% CNTs. During the milling process, the CNT length is decreased from 10 to 1-4 μm by mechanical shear forces. The electrical conductivity increases after 1.5 min of milling owing to dispersion of the CNTs but decreases with increasing milling time owing to the decrease in the CNT length. Considering the changes in the electrical conductivity of the CNT composite and CNT length, we determined how to optimize the three-roll milling time to obtain a suitable dispersion state.
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