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Aschenbrenner I, Böckler M, Franke F, Liebl K, Catici DAM, Brandl M, Behnke J, Feige MJ. Development of an enabling platform biotechnology for the production of proteins. Biol Chem 2024; 0:hsz-2023-0376. [PMID: 38916991 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based drugs are a mainstay of modern medicine. In contrast to antibodies, most of these need highly individualized production processes which often limits their development. Here, we develop an immunoglobulin domain tag (i-Tag), which can be fused to any protein of interest. This tag is made of a linear arrangement of antibody light chain constant domains. It enhances expression as well as secretion of the fusion partner and allows for simple purification of several structurally and functionally distinct fusion proteins. Furthermore, it improves the biophysical characteristics of most fusion proteins tested, is inert, and does not compromise the fusion partners' functionality. Taken together, the i-Tag should facilitate the development of biopharmaceuticals and diagnostic proteins otherwise lacking a common structural element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Aschenbrenner
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 9184 Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Böckler
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 9184 Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian Franke
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 9184 Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Korbinian Liebl
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 9184 Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dragana A M Catici
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 9184 Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Brandl
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), 9184 Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Julia Behnke
- TUM School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar München, 9184 Technical University of Munich , D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 9184 Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Aschenbrenner I, Siebenmorgen T, Lopez A, Parr M, Ruckgaber P, Kerle A, Rührnößl F, Catici D, Haslbeck M, Frishman D, Sattler M, Zacharias M, Feige MJ. Assembly-dependent Structure Formation Shapes Human Interleukin-23 versus Interleukin-12 Secretion. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168300. [PMID: 37805067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family cytokines connect the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system and regulate immune responses. A unique characteristic of this family is that each member is anα:βheterodimer. For human αsubunits it has been shown that they depend on theirβsubunit for structure formation and secretion from cells. Since subunits are shared within the family and IL-12 as well as IL-23 use the same βsubunit, subunit competition may influence cytokine secretion and thus downstream immunological functions. Here, we rationally design a folding-competent human IL-23α subunit that does not depend on itsβsubunit for structure formation. This engineered variant still forms a functional heterodimeric cytokine but shows less chaperone dependency and stronger affinity in assembly with its βsubunit. It forms IL-23 more efficiently than its natural counterpart, skewing the balance of IL-12 and IL-23 towards more IL-23 formation. Together, our study shows that folding-competent human IL-12 familyαsubunits are obtainable by only few mutations and compatible with assembly and function of the cytokine. These findings might suggest that human α subunits have evolved for assembly-dependent folding to maintain and regulate correct IL-12 family member ratios in the light of subunit competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Till Siebenmorgen
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Abraham Lopez
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, Garching, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marina Parr
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics, Freising, Germany
| | - Philipp Ruckgaber
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Kerle
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rührnößl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Dragana Catici
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, Garching, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany.
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3
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Hildenbrand K, Bohnacker S, Menon PR, Kerle A, Prodjinotho UF, Hartung F, Strasser PC, Catici DA, Rührnößl F, Haslbeck M, Schumann K, Müller SI, da Costa CP, Esser-von Bieren J, Feige MJ. Human interleukin-12α and EBI3 are cytokines with anti-inflammatory functions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6874. [PMID: 37878703 PMCID: PMC10599630 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Interleukins are secreted proteins that regulate immune responses. Among these, the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family holds a central position in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Each family member consists of an α and a β subunit that together form a composite cytokine. Within the IL-12 family, IL-35 remains particularly ill-characterized on a molecular level despite its key role in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here we show that both IL-35 subunits, IL-12α and EBI3, mutually promote their secretion from cells but are not necessarily secreted as a heterodimer. Our data demonstrate that IL-12α and EBI3 are stable proteins in isolation that act as anti-inflammatory molecules. Both reduce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and induce the development of regulatory T cells. Together, our study reveals IL-12α and EBI3, the subunits of IL-35, to be functionally active anti-inflammatory immune molecules on their own. This extends our understanding of the human cytokine repertoire as a basis for immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hildenbrand
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sina Bohnacker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Priyanka Rajeev Menon
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Kerle
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich F. Prodjinotho
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Hartung
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick C. Strasser
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dragana A. M. Catici
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rührnößl
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schumann
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie I. Müller
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection and Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Department of Immunobiology, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J. Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Mideksa YG, Aschenbrenner I, Fux A, Kaylani D, Weiß CA, Nguyen TA, Bach NC, Lang K, Sieber SA, Feige MJ. A comprehensive set of ER protein disulfide isomerase family members supports the biogenesis of proinflammatory interleukin 12 family cytokines. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102677. [PMID: 36336075 PMCID: PMC9731863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family are assembled combinatorially from shared α and β subunits. A common theme is that human IL-12 family α subunits remain incompletely structured in isolation until they pair with a designate β subunit. Accordingly, chaperones need to support and control specific assembly processes. It remains incompletely understood, which chaperones are involved in IL-12 family biogenesis. Here, we site-specifically introduce photocrosslinking amino acids into the IL-12 and IL-23 α subunits (IL-12α and IL-23α) for stabilization of transient chaperone-client complexes for mass spectrometry. Our analysis reveals that a large set of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones interacts with IL-12α and IL-23α. Among these chaperones, we focus on protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family members and reveal IL-12 family subunits to be clients of several incompletely characterized PDIs. We find that different PDIs show selectivity for different cysteines in IL-12α and IL-23α. Despite this, PDI binding generally stabilizes unassembled IL-12α and IL-23α against degradation. In contrast, α:β assembly appears robust, and only multiple simultaneous PDI depletions reduce IL-12 secretion. Our comprehensive analysis of the IL-12/IL-23 chaperone machinery reveals a hitherto uncharacterized role for several PDIs in this process. This extends our understanding of how cells accomplish the task of specific protein assembly reactions for signaling processes. Furthermore, our findings show that cytokine secretion can be modulated by targeting specific endoplasmic reticulum chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan G. Mideksa
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Anja Fux
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Dinah Kaylani
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Caroline A.M. Weiß
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Tuan-Anh Nguyen
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Nina C. Bach
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J. Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,For correspondence: Matthias J. Feige
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5
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Luo WJ, Yu SL, Chang CC, Chien MH, Chang YL, Liao KM, Lin PC, Chung KP, Chuang YH, Chen JJW, Yang PC, Su KY. HLJ1 amplifies endotoxin-induced sepsis severity by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization in macrophages. eLife 2022; 11:76094. [PMID: 35983991 PMCID: PMC9457701 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 40 has emerged as a key factor in both innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the role of HLJ1, a molecular chaperone in HSP40 family, in modulating endotoxin-induced sepsis severity is still unclear. During lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock, HLJ1 knockout mice shows reduced organ injury and IFN-γ (interferon-γ)-dependent mortality. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterize mouse liver nonparenchymal cell populations under LPS stimulation, and show that HLJ1 deletion affected IFN-γ-related gene signatures in distinct immune cell clusters. In CLP models, HLJ1 deletion reduces IFN-γ expression and sepsis mortality rate when mice are treated with antibiotics. HLJ1 deficiency also leads to reduced serum levels of IL-12 in LPS-treated mice, contributing to dampened production of IFN-γ in natural killer cells but not CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, and subsequently to improved survival rate. Adoptive transfer of HLJ1-deleted macrophages into LPS-treated mice results in reduced IL-12 and IFN-γ levels and protects the mice from IFN-γ-dependent mortality. In the context of molecular mechanisms, HLJ1 is an LPS-inducible protein in macrophages and converts misfolded IL-12p35 homodimers to monomers, which maintains bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimerization and secretion. This study suggests HLJ1 causes IFN-γ-dependent septic lethality by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization, and targeting HLJ1 has therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases involving activated IL-12/IFN-γ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Chien
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Mao Liao
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J W Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Hildenbrand K, Aschenbrenner I, Franke FC, Devergne O, Feige MJ. Biogenesis and engineering of interleukin 12 family cytokines. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:936-949. [PMID: 35691784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family cytokines are secreted proteins that regulate immune responses. Each family member is a heterodimer and nature uses shared building blocks to assemble the functionally distinct IL-12 cytokines. In recent years we have gained insights into the molecular principles and cellular regulation of IL-12 family biogenesis. For each of the family members, generally one subunit depends on its partner to acquire its native structure and be secreted from immune cells. If unpaired, molecular chaperones retain these subunits in cells. This allows cells to regulate and control secretion of the highly potent IL-12 family cytokines. Molecular insights gained into IL-12 family biogenesis, structure, and function now allow us to engineer IL-12 family cytokines to develop novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hildenbrand
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian C Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Odile Devergne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 75 013 Paris, France.
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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7
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Watanabe A, Mizoguchi I, Hasegawa H, Katahira Y, Inoue S, Sakamoto E, Furusaka Y, Sekine A, Miyakawa S, Murakami F, Xu M, Yoneto T, Yoshimoto T. A Chaperone-Like Role for EBI3 in Collaboration With Calnexin Under Inflammatory Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757669. [PMID: 34603342 PMCID: PMC8484754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6)/IL-12 family of cytokines plays critical roles in the induction and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Among the various cytokines, only this family has the unique characteristic of being composed of two distinct subunits, α- and β-subunits, which form a heterodimer with subunits that occur in other cytokines as well. Recently, we found a novel intracellular role for one of the α-subunits, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), in promoting the proper folding of target proteins and augmenting its expression at the protein level by binding to its target protein and a well-characterized lectin chaperone, calnexin, presumably through enhancing chaperone activity. Because calnexin is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed but EBI3 expression is inducible, these results could open an avenue to establish a new paradigm in which EBI3 plays an important role in further increasing the expression of target molecules at the protein level in collaboration with calnexin under inflammatory conditions. This theory well accounts for the heterodimer formation of EBI3 with p28, and probably with p35 and p19 to produce IL-27, IL-35, and IL-39, respectively. In line with this concept, another β-subunit, p40, plays a critical role in the assembly-induced proper folding of p35 and p19 to produce IL-12 and IL-23, respectively. Thus, chaperone-like activities in proper folding and maturation, which allow the secretion of biologically active heterodimeric cytokines, have recently been highlighted. This review summarizes the current understanding of chaperone-like activities of EBI3 to form heterodimers and other associations together with their possible biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruma Watanabe
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katahira
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakamoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Furusaka
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Sekine
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Miyakawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Murakami
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingli Xu
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yoneto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Gezmis H, Doran T, Mayda Domac F, Yucel D, Karaci R, Kirac D. CD4+ and CD25+ T-cell response to short-time interferon-beta therapy on IL10, IL23A and FOXP3 genes in multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14238. [PMID: 33884734 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Interferon-beta (IFN-β), multiple sclerosis (MS) drug for years, does not have therapeutic effects on each patient. Yet, a considerable portion has experienced no therapeutic response to IFN-β. Therefore, it is necessary to determine disease-specific biomarkers that affect drug response. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of interleukin 10 (IL10) and 23 (IL23A), as well as forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) genes on MS after IFN-β therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 42 MS patients were isolated to obtain CD4+ and CD25+ T cells. Both cell types were characterised by flow cytometry. To determine optimum drug concentration of IFN-β, cytotoxicity assays were assessed on each cell type for 4, 16, 24 and 48 hours respectively. Then, cells were cultured in the presence of 500 IU/mL of IFN-β. cDNA synthesis was performed after mRNA extraction. RT-PCR was performed to measure gene expressions of IL10, IL23A and FOXP3. Results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS It was found that the cytotoxic effect of IFN-β was more efficient as the exposure time was expanded regardless of drug concentration. Moreover, CD25+ T lymphocytes were more resistant to IFN-β. IL23A was down-regulated, whereas FOXP3 was up-regulated at 48 hours in CD4+ T cells. For CD25+ T cells, the graded increase in FOXP3 was obtained while IL10 expression was gradually decreased throughout the drug intake. CONCLUSION Although a considerable change in expression was obtained, the long-term IFN-β effect on both genes and cells should be determined by follow-up at least a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Gezmis
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Tansu Doran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Mayda Domac
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yucel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahsan Karaci
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kirac
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Kong KYE, Coelho JPL, Feige MJ, Khmelinskii A. Quality control of mislocalized and orphan proteins. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112617. [PMID: 33930402 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A healthy and functional proteome is essential to cell physiology. However, this is constantly being challenged as most steps of protein metabolism are error-prone and changes in the physico-chemical environment can affect protein structure and function, thereby disrupting proteome homeostasis. Among a variety of potential mistakes, proteins can be targeted to incorrect compartments or subunits of protein complexes may fail to assemble properly with their partners, resulting in the formation of mislocalized and orphan proteins, respectively. Quality control systems are in place to handle these aberrant proteins, and to minimize their detrimental impact on cellular functions. Here, we discuss recent findings on quality control mechanisms handling mislocalized and orphan proteins. We highlight common principles involved in their recognition and summarize how accumulation of these aberrant molecules is associated with aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João P L Coelho
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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10
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A virtuous cycle operated by ERp44 and ERGIC-53 guarantees proteostasis in the early secretory compartment. iScience 2021; 24:102244. [PMID: 33763635 PMCID: PMC7973864 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the secretome depends on the combined action of cargo receptors that facilitate protein transport and sequential checkpoints that restrict it to native conformers. Acting after endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperones, ERp44 retrieves its clients from downstream compartments. To guarantee efficient quality control, ERp44 should exit the ER as rapidly as its clients, or more. Here, we show that appending ERp44 to different cargo proteins increases their secretion rates. ERp44 binds the cargo receptor ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)-53 in the ER to negotiate preferential loading into COPII vesicles. Silencing ERGIC-53, or competing for its COPII binding with 4-phenylbutyrate, causes secretion of Prdx4, an enzyme that relies on ERp44 for intracellular localization. In more acidic, zinc-rich downstream compartments, ERGIC-53 releases its clients and ERp44, which can bind and retrieve non-native conformers via KDEL receptors. By coupling the transport of cargoes and inspector proteins, cells ensure efficiency and fidelity of secretion.
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Tempio T, Anelli T. The pivotal role of ERp44 in patrolling protein secretion. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/21/jcs240366. [PMID: 33173013 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between protein ligands and receptors are the main language of intercellular communication; hence, how cells select proteins to be secreted or presented on the plasma membrane is a central concern in cell biology. A series of checkpoints are located along the secretory pathway, which ensure the fidelity of such protein signals (quality control). Proteins that pass the checkpoints operated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP; also known as HSPA5 and GRP78) and the calnexin-calreticulin systems, must still overcome additional scrutiny in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and the Golgi. One of the main players of this process in all metazoans is the ER-resident protein 44 (ERp44); by cycling between the ER and the Golgi, ERp44 controls the localization of key enzymes designed to act in the ER but that are devoid of suitable localization motifs. ERp44 also patrols the secretion of correctly assembled disulfide-linked oligomeric proteins. Here, we discuss the mechanisms driving ERp44 substrate recognition, with important consequences on the definition of 'thiol-mediated quality control'. We also describe how pH and zinc gradients regulate the functional cycle of ERp44, coupling quality control and membrane trafficking along the early secretory compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Tempio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy .,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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Okumura M, Noi K, Inaba K. Visualization of structural dynamics of protein disulfide isomerase enzymes in catalysis of oxidative folding and reductive unfolding. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 66:49-57. [PMID: 33176263 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved single-molecule observations by high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM), have greatly advanced our understanding of how proteins operate to fulfill their unique functions. Using this device, we succeeded in visualizing two members of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs) that act to catalyze oxidative folding and reductive unfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ERdj5, an ER-resident disulfide reductase that promotes ER-associated degradation, reduces nonnative disulfide bonds of misfolded proteins utilizing the dynamics of its N-terminal and C-terminal clusters. With unfolded substrates, canonical PDI assembles to form a face-to-face dimer with a central hydrophobic cavity and multiple redox-active sites to accelerate oxidative folding inside the cavity. Altogether, PDIs exert highly dynamic mechanisms to ensure the protein quality control in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okumura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kentaro Noi
- Institute of Nanoscience Design, Osaka University, Machikaneyamatyou 1-3, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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13
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Bohnacker S, Hildenbrand K, Aschenbrenner I, Müller SI, Bieren JEV, Feige MJ. Influence of glycosylation on IL-12 family cytokine biogenesis and function. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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IL-12 and IL-23-Close Relatives with Structural Homologies but Distinct Immunological Functions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102184. [PMID: 32998371 PMCID: PMC7600943 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the IL-12 family show structural similarities but have distinct functions in the immune system. Prominent members of this cytokine family are the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-23. These two cytokines share cytokine subunits and receptor chains but have different functions in autoimmune diseases, cancer and infections. Accordingly, structural knowledge about receptor complex formation is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies preventing and/or inhibiting cytokine:receptor interaction. In addition, intracellular signaling cascades can be targeted to inhibit cytokine-mediated effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms can lead to alteration in the amino acid sequence and thereby influencing protein functions or protein–protein interactions. To understand the biology of IL-12 and IL-23 and to establish efficient targeting strategies structural knowledge about cytokines and respective receptors is crucial. A highly efficient therapy might be a combination of different drugs targeting extracellular cytokine:receptor assembly and intracellular signaling pathways.
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15
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Pastor-Fernández G, Mariblanca IR, Navarro MN. Decoding IL-23 Signaling Cascade for New Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092044. [PMID: 32906785 PMCID: PMC7563346 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. The pathological consequences of excessive IL-23 signaling have been linked to its ability to promote the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-17, IL-22, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating (GM-CSF), or the tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) by target populations, mainly Th17 and IL-17-secreting TCRγδ cells (Tγδ17). Due to their pivotal role in inflammatory diseases, IL-23 and its downstream effector molecules have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets, leading to the development of neutralizing antibodies against IL-23 and IL-17 that have shown efficacy in different inflammatory diseases. Despite the success of monoclonal antibodies, there are patients that show no response or partial response to these treatments. Thus, effective therapies for inflammatory diseases may require the combination of multiple immune-modulatory drugs to prevent disease progression and to improve quality of life. Alternative strategies aimed at inhibiting intracellular signaling cascades using small molecule inhibitors or interfering peptides have not been fully exploited in the context of IL-23-mediated diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about proximal signaling events triggered by IL-23 upon binding to its membrane receptor to bring to the spotlight new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in IL-23-mediated pathologies.
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16
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Nava-Ramírez T, Hansberg W. Chaperone activity of large-size subunit catalases. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:99-106. [PMID: 32502516 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Large-size subunit catalases (LSCs) have a C-terminal domain that is structurally similar to DJ-1 and Hsp31 proteins, which have well documented molecular chaperone activity. Like chaperones, LSCs are abundant proteins that are induced under stress conditions and during cell differentiation in different microorganisms. Here we document that the C-terminal domain of LSCs assist other proteins to preserve their active conformation. Heat, urea, or H2O2 denaturation of alcohol dehydrogenase was prevented by LSCs or the C-terminal domain of Catalase-3 (TDC3); in contrast, small-size subunit catalases (SSCs) or LSCs without the C-terminal domain (C3ΔTD or C63) did not have this effect. Similar results were obtained if the alcohol dehydrogenase was previously denatured by heat and then the different catalases or truncated enzymes were added. The TDC3 also protected both the C3ΔTD and the bovine liver catalase from heat denaturation. The chaperone activity of CAT-3 or the TDC3 increased survival of E. coli under different stress conditions whereas the C3ΔTD did not. It is concluded that the C-terminal domain of LSCs has a chaperone activity that is instrumental for cellular resistance to stress conditions, such as oxidative stress that leads to cell differentiation in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Nava-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Wilhelm Hansberg
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico.
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Mideksa YG, Fottner M, Braus S, Weiß CAM, Nguyen TA, Meier S, Lang K, Feige MJ. Site-Specific Protein Labeling with Fluorophores as a Tool To Monitor Protein Turnover. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1861-1867. [PMID: 32011787 PMCID: PMC7383901 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that terminally fail to acquire their native structure are detected and degraded by cellular quality control systems. Insights into cellular protein quality control are key to a better understanding of how cells establish and maintain the integrity of their proteome and of how failures in these processes cause human disease. Here we have used genetic code expansion and fast bio‐orthogonal reactions to monitor protein turnover in mammalian cells through a fluorescence‐based assay. We have used immune signaling molecules (interleukins) as model substrates and shown that our approach preserves normal cellular quality control, assembly processes, and protein functionality and works for different proteins and fluorophores. We have further extended our approach to a pulse‐chase type of assay that can provide kinetic insights into cellular protein behavior. Taken together, this study establishes a minimally invasive method to investigate protein turnover in cells as a key determinant of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan G Mideksa
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fottner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Braus
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline A M Weiß
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tuan-Anh Nguyen
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Susanne Meier
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr.2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr.2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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