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García-Santos S, Sánchez-Murillo R, Peña-Paz T, Chirinos-Escobar MJ, Hernández-Ortiz JO, Mejía-Escobar EJ, Ortega L. Water stable isotopes reveal a complex rainfall to groundwater connectivity in central Honduras. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156941. [PMID: 35753477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inter-mountainous region of central Honduras has been experiencing abrupt urban drinking water shortages during the last decade. Land use fragmentation and rainfall deficits have rapidly reduced surface water quality and quantity in this region. Here we present a 3-yr (2018-2020) tracer study within the headwaters of the Choluteca River basin (2949 km2). We sampled rainfall (weekly N = 156; daily N = 270), drilled wells (N = 166; up to ~300 m depth), boreholes (N = 70; ~4-12 m depth), and springs (N = 128) to assess the spatiotemporal connectivity between rainfall and mean groundwater recharge elevations (MREs). Clear W-shaped incursions characterized rainfall isotopic seasonality from the dry to the wet season. Air mass back trajectory analysis revealed three primary moisture sources: 73 % (east, Caribbean Sea), 17 % (southwest, Pacific Ocean), and 10 % (north; Gulf of Mexico). Groundwater sources exhibited a strong meteoric origin with evidence of secondary evaporation evolution, characterized by low d-excess values. MREs for the drilled wells ranged from 821 to 2018 m asl with a mean value of 1570 ± 150 m asl. Seasonal isotopic variability during dry-wet transitions and the influence of rapid infiltration limited the performance of the MRE method in springs and boreholes. MREs coincided primarily with coniferous forests, pasture, and crop areas, within regions of moderate to high transmissivity. These results are intended to guide the mapping and delineation of critical recharge areas in central Honduras to enhance municipal water regulations, effective environmental protection, and long-term conservation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S García-Santos
- Instituto Hondureño de Ciencias de la Tierra, IHCIT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - R Sánchez-Murillo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 Yates Street, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - T Peña-Paz
- Centro Experimental y de Innovación del Recurso Hídrico (CEIRH), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - M J Chirinos-Escobar
- Instituto Hondureño de Ciencias de la Tierra, IHCIT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - J O Hernández-Ortiz
- Centro Experimental y de Innovación del Recurso Hídrico (CEIRH), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - E J Mejía-Escobar
- Instituto Hondureño de Ciencias de la Tierra, IHCIT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - L Ortega
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Center, Vienna, Austria
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Villalobos-Forbes M, Esquivel-Hernández G, Sánchez-Murillo R, Sánchez-Gutiérrez R, Matiatos I. Stable isotopic characterization of nitrate wet deposition in the tropical urban atmosphere of Costa Rica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67577-67592. [PMID: 34258705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing energy consumption and food production worldwide results in anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen into the atmosphere. To date, however, little information is available on tropical urban environments where inorganic nitrogen is vastly transported and deposited through precipitation on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To fill this gap, we present compositions of water stable isotopes in precipitation and atmospheric nitrate (δ18O-H2O, δ2H-H2O, δ15N-NO3-, and δ18O-NO3-) collected daily between August 2018 and November 2019 in a tropical urban atmosphere of central Costa Rica. Rainfall generation processes (convective and stratiform rainfall fractions) were identified using stable isotopes in precipitation coupled with air mass back trajectory analysis. A Bayesian isotope mixing model using δ15N-NO3- compositions and corrected for potential 15N fractionation effects revealed the contribution of lightning (25.9 ± 7.1%), biomass burning (21.8 ± 6.6%), gasoline (19.1 ± 6.4%), diesel (18.4 ± 6.0%), and soil biogenic emissions (15.0 ± 2.6%) to nitrate wet deposition. δ18O-NO3- values reflect the oxidation of NOx sources via the ·OH + RO2 pathways. These findings provide necessary baseline information about the combination of water and nitrogen stable isotopes with atmospheric chemistry and hydrometeorological techniques to better understand wet deposition processes and to characterize the origin and magnitude of inorganic nitrogen loadings in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villalobos-Forbes
- Stable Isotopes Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Water Resources Management Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Germain Esquivel-Hernández
- Stable Isotopes Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica.
- Water Resources Management Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica.
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo
- Stable Isotopes Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Water Resources Management Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Rolando Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Stable Isotopes Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Water Resources Management Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Ioannis Matiatos
- Isotope Hydrology Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400, Vienna, Austria
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Han X, Lang Y, Wang T, Liu CQ, Li F, Wang F, Guo Q, Li S, Liu M, Wang Y, Xu A. Temporal and spatial variations in stable isotopic compositions of precipitation during the typhoon Lekima (2019), China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143143. [PMID: 33121782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A clear understanding of factors governing stable isotopic variations in precipitation of tropical cyclones is critical for constraining atmospheric hydrological model simulations. The temporal and spatial variations in stable isotopic compositions of precipitation during the typhoon Lekima (2019) were investigated, based on rainwater samples collected at four sampling sites along its track between August 10 and August 12, 2019. Results showed that the δ18O and δD values of rainwater samples varied from -15.5‰ to -2.9‰ and from -112.4‰ to -17.3‰, respectively. The large ranges of δ18O and δD values in rainwater from the typhoon Lekima were most likely caused by the changes in rainfall intensity and its complex interaction with local water vapor. In addition, it was observed that the δ18O and δD values gradually decreased from the outer rainbands to the inner rainbands, and their values were more depleted of heavy isotopes than those of local rain. We speculated that both the high stratiform precipitation fractions and the deep convection system may be responsible for the isotopic depletion of rainwater related with the typhoon Lekima. It reveals that the rain type fractions and the intensity of convection should be considered in the elucidation of δ18O signals in extreme precipitation events. This study also has important implications for understanding atmospheric moisture cycles in tropical cyclones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Han
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunchao Lang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Feili Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 201800, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Siliang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingxuan Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Aizhe Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Wolf A, Roberts WHG, Ersek V, Johnson KR, Griffiths ML. Rainwater isotopes in central Vietnam controlled by two oceanic moisture sources and rainout effects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16482. [PMID: 33020586 PMCID: PMC7536182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of palaeoclimate archives based on oxygen isotopes depends critically on a detailed understanding of processes controlling the isotopic composition of precipitation. In the summer monsoonal realm, like Southeast Asia, seasonally and interannually depleted oxygen isotope ratios in precipitation have been linked to the summer monsoon strength. However, in some regions, such as central Vietnam, the majority of precipitation falls outside the summer monsoon period. We investigate processes controlling stable isotopes in precipitation from central Vietnam by combining moisture uptake calculations with monthly stable isotope data observed over five years. We find that the isotopic seasonal cycle in this region is driven by a shift in moisture source from the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea. This shift is reflected in oxygen isotope ratios with low values (− 8 to − 10‰) during summer and high values during spring/winter (0 to − 3‰), while 70% of the annual rainfall occurs during autumn. Interannual changes in precipitation isotopes in central Vietnam are governed by the timing of the seasonal onset and withdrawal of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which controls the amount of vapour contributed from each source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Wolf
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - William H G Roberts
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Vasile Ersek
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Kathleen R Johnson
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael L Griffiths
- Department of Environmental Science, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
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Sánchez-Murillo R, Esquivel-Hernández G, Birkel C, Ortega L, Sánchez-Guerrero M, Rojas-Jiménez LD, Vargas-Víquez J, Castro-Chacón L. From mountains to cities: a novel isotope hydrological assessment of a tropical water distribution system. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2020; 56:606-623. [PMID: 32835532 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1809390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water use by anthropogenic activities in the face of climate change invokes a better understanding of headwater sources and lowland urban water allocations. Here, we constrained a Bayesian mixing model with stable isotope data (2018-2019) in rainfall (N = 704), spring water (N = 96), and surface water (N = 94) with seasonal isotope sampling (wet and dry seasons) of an urban aqueduct (N = 215) in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Low δ 18O rainfall compositions corresponded to the western boundary of the study area, whereas high values were reported to the northeastern limit, reflecting the influence of moisture transport from the Caribbean domain coupled with strong orographic effects over the Pacific slope. The latter is well-depicted in the relative rainfall contributions (west versus east) in two headwater systems: (a) spring (68.7 ± 3.4 %, west domain) and (b) stream (55.8 ± 3.9 %, east domain). The aqueduct exhibited a spatial predominance of spring water and surface water during a normal wet season (78.7 %), whereas deep groundwater and spring water were fundamental sources for the aqueduct in the dry season (69.4 %). Our tracer-based methodology can help improve aqueduct management practices in changing climate, including optimal water allocation and reduced evaporative losses in the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo
- Stable Isotopes Research Group and Water Resources Management Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Germain Esquivel-Hernández
- Stable Isotopes Research Group and Water Resources Management Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Christian Birkel
- Department of Geography and Water and Global Change Observatory, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lucia Ortega
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Center, Vienna, Austria
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Terzer-Wassmuth S, Ortega L, Araguás-Araguás L, Wassenaar LI. The first IAEA inter-laboratory comparison exercise in Latin America and the Caribbean for stable isotope analyses of water samples. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2020; 56:391-401. [PMID: 32453607 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1763338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of stable isotopes (δ 2H and δ 18O) is widespread in water resources studies. In the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region, the application of isotope techniques has increased in the past decade, but there remains room to gain self-reliance in environmental isotope studies, necessitating easy and fast access to good-quality isotope data. To that end, in 2018 the IAEA carried out the first regional interlaboratory comparison exercise, testing the analytical performance of 25 laboratories using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry and laser absorption spectroscopy. The three test samples covered a commonly observed range of 0 to -16 ‰ δ 18O and 0 to -115 ‰ δ 2H. z- and ζ-scores were used to benchmark laboratories' performance against a strict criterion. We found that 81% of the laboratories had satisfactory performance ( | z | ¯ ≤ 2) for δ 2H but only 54% achieved similar scores for δ 18O. Only a minor fraction of results (12% for δ 2H and 15% for δ 18O) were unsatisfactory. The larger number of questionable results for δ 18O confirmed the challenges in laser absorption spectroscopy for this isotope. Besides instrumental performance, the sample throughput, laboratory reference materials, and data post-processing were contributing factors to inaccurate or imprecise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Terzer-Wassmuth
- Isotope Hydrology Section/Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucía Ortega
- Isotope Hydrology Section/Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Araguás-Araguás
- Isotope Hydrology Section/Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonard I Wassenaar
- Isotope Hydrology Section/Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
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Pérez-Quezadas J, Cortés-Silva A, Morales-Casique E, Escolero-Fuentes OA, Medina-Ortega P. Identifying groundwater end members by spatio-temporal isotopic and hydrogeochemical records. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2020; 56:431-445. [PMID: 32930001 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1817915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intensive groundwater use has altered the local hydrological cycle within the Bajío Guanajuatense, Mexico. To improve the knowledge of this hydrogeological system and support water management in the area, groundwater end members were identified using multivariate statistical analysis. Pumped groundwater is composed of two well-mixed end members: (a) recent recharge, affected by a reuse cycle through irrigation where nitrate and chloride evolve and reach levels of 368 mg/L and greater than 100 mg/L, respectively, and (b) deep old groundwater. Mixing estimations show that most wells extract at least 70% of deep groundwater, and some of them extract more than 94%, posing a development and groundwater sustainability conundrum in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pérez-Quezadas
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandra Cortés-Silva
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eric Morales-Casique
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Priscila Medina-Ortega
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Abstract
The Intra–Americas Seas region is known for its relevance to air–sea interaction processes, the contrast between large water masses and a relatively small continental area, and the occurrence of extreme events. The differing weather systems and the influence of variability at different spatio–temporal scales is a characteristic feature of the region. The impact of hydro–meteorological extreme events has played a huge importance for regional livelihood, having a mostly negative impact on socioeconomics. The frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events and droughts are often discussed in terms of their impact on economic activities and access to water. Furthermore, future climate projections suggest that warming scenarios are likely to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events, which poses a major threat to vulnerable communities. In a region where the economy is largely dependent on agriculture and the population is exposed to the impact of extremes, understanding the climate system is key to informed policymaking and management plans. A wealth of knowledge has been published on regional weather and climate, with a majority of studies focusing on specific components of the system. This study aims to provide an integral overview of regional weather and climate suitable for a wider community. Following the presentation of the general features of the region, a large scale is introduced outlining the main structures that affect regional climate. The most relevant climate features are briefly described, focusing on sea surface temperature, low–level circulation, and rainfall patterns. The impact of climate variability at the intra–seasonal, inter–annual, decadal, and multi–decadal scales is discussed. Climate change is considered in the regional context, based on current knowledge for natural and anthropogenic climate change. The present challenges in regional weather and climate studies have also been included in the concluding sections of this review. The overarching aim of this work is to leverage information that may be transferred efficiently to support decision–making processes and provide a solid foundation on regional weather and climate for professionals from different backgrounds.
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Welsh K, Sánchez-Murillo R. Rainfall, groundwater, and surface water isotope data from extreme tropical cyclones (2016-2019) within the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean basins. Data Brief 2020; 30:105633. [PMID: 32420424 PMCID: PMC7214822 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Under a changing climate, projections estimate that over the next thirty years, extreme Tropical Cyclones (TCs) will increase in frequency, with two to three times more Category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic basin between 20°N and 40°N. In recent years, the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean basins have experienced several extreme TCs, resulting in extensive human, ecological, and economic damage [1], [2], [3]. To improve understanding of TCs and their potential impacts in the face of climate change, physically based understanding of past climate and modern TC dynamics is necessary. Despite the well-known Atlantic hurricane season, surface observations of the isotopic evolution of TC's moisture and the propagation of isotopically distinct pulses across surface and subsurface water reservoirs are lacking. In this data article, we provide novel high frequency sampling of surface rainfall isotope compositions (δ18O, δ2H, and d-excess in ‰) for Hurricanes Otto (Costa Rica, 2016), Nate (Costa Rica, 2017), Irma (Cuba and The Bahamas, 2017), Maria (Cuba and The Bahamas, 2017), and Dorian (The Bahamas, 2019). These five TCs were characterized by unprecedented impacts during continental and maritime landfalls and passages. In total, 161 surface rainfall samples were collected in passive devices [4] with event-based and daily frequencies, resulting in the first surface isotopic tempestology anatomy across the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean basins to date. Derived rainfall from TCs often results in large input amounts of isotopically distinct water over an area from few hours to several days, and therefore this unique isotope composition is propagated through surface and shallow subsurface reservoirs. Our data also include spring (N=338) and surface water (N=334) isotope compositions following the impact of Hurricane Otto and Tropical Storm Nate in central Costa Rica. As this region is well-known for its diverse rainfall dynamics and as a climate change 'hot spot' [5], [6], [7], our data provide an opportunity to improve and complement modern and past climate interpretations often derived from satellite products and calcite-δ18O paleoclimatic archives in light of climatic forcing, TC rainfall amounts and recharge rates, and the hypothesized climatic-induced decline of past Mesoamerican civilizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Welsh
- Pure and Applied Sciences, University of The Bahamas, N-4912, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo
- Stable Isotopes Research Group and Water Resources Management Laboratory, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
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