1
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Farkas P, Fitzpatrick TB. Two pyridoxal phosphate homeostasis proteins are essential for management of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3689-3708. [PMID: 38954500 PMCID: PMC11371154 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Coenzyme management is important for homeostasis of the pool of active metabolic enzymes. The coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is involved in diverse enzyme reactions including amino acid and hormone metabolism. Regulatory proteins that contribute to PLP homeostasis remain to be explored in plants. Here, we demonstrate the importance of proteins annotated as PLP homeostasis proteins (PLPHPs) for controlling PLP in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A systematic analysis indicates that while most organisms across kingdoms have a single PLPHP homolog, Angiosperms have two. PLPHPs from Arabidopsis bind PLP and exist as monomers, in contrast to reported PLP-dependent enzymes, which exist as multimers. Disrupting the function of both PLPHP homologs perturbs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) content, inducing a PLP deficit accompanied by light hypersensitive root growth, unlike PLP biosynthesis mutants. Micrografting studies show that the PLP deficit can be relieved distally between shoots and roots. Chemical treatments probing PLP-dependent reactions, notably those for auxin and ethylene, provide evidence that PLPHPs function in the dynamic management of PLP. Assays in vitro show that Arabidopsis PLPHP can coordinate PLP transfer and withdrawal from other enzymes. This study thus expands our knowledge of vitamin B6 biology and highlights the importance of PLP coenzyme homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Farkas
- Vitamins & Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Vitamins & Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Li B, Zhou Q, Cai L, Li L, Xie C, Li D, Zhu F, Li X, Zhao X, Liu X, Shen L, Xu T, He C. TMK4-mediated FIP37 phosphorylation regulates auxin-triggered N 6-methyladenosine modification of auxin biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114597. [PMID: 39106180 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification are tightly controlled by the m6A methyltransferase complex and demethylases. Here, we find that auxin treatment alters m6A modification on auxin-responsive genes. Mechanically, TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE 4 (TMK4), a component of the auxin signaling pathway, interacts with and phosphorylates FKBP12-INTERACTING PROTEIN 37 (FIP37), a core component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, in an auxin-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of FIP37 enhances its interaction with RNA, thereby increasing m6A modification on its target genes, such as NITRILASE 1 (NIT1), a gene involved in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis. 1-Naphthalacetic acid (NAA) treatment accelerates the mRNA decay of NIT1, in a TMK4- and FIP37-dependent manner, which leads to inhibition of auxin biosynthesis. Our findings identify a regulatory mechanism by which auxin modulates m6A modification through the phosphorylation of FIP37, ultimately affecting mRNA stability and auxin biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Qiting Zhou
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Linjun Cai
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Chong Xie
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Donghao Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiushan Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Tongda Xu
- FAFU-Joint Center, Horticulture and Metabolic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Chongsheng He
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
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3
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Tang W, Yu Y, Xu T. The interplay between extracellular and intracellular auxin signaling in plants. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00162-0. [PMID: 38969259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin exerts control over remarkable developmental processes in plants. It moves from cell to cell, resulting in the creation of both extracellular auxin and intracellular auxin, which are recognized by distinct auxin receptors. These two auxin signaling systems govern different auxin responses while working together to regulate plant development. In this review, we outline the latest research advancements in unraveling these auxin signaling pathways, encompassing auxin perception and signaling transductions. We emphasize the interaction between extracellular auxin and intracellular auxin, which contributes to the intricate role of auxin in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Tang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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4
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Pérez-Henríquez P, Li H, Zhou X, Pan X, Lin W, Tang W, Nagawa S, Lin D, Xu T, Michniewicz M, Prigge MJ, Strader LC, Estelle M, Hayashi KI, Friml J, Qi L, Liu Z, Van Norman J, Yang Z. Hierarchical global and local auxin signals coordinate cellular interdigitation in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599171. [PMID: 38948792 PMCID: PMC11212924 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of multicellular tissues requires both local and global coordination of cell polarization, however, the mechanisms underlying their interplay are poorly understood. In Arabidopsis, leaf epidermal pavement cells (PC) develop a puzzle-piece shape locally coordinated through apoplastic auxin signaling. Here we show auxin also globally coordinates interdigitation by activating the TIR1/AFB-dependent nuclear signaling pathway. This pathway promotes a transient maximum of auxin at the cotyledon tip, which then moves across the leaf activating local PC polarization, as demonstrated by locally uncaged auxin globally rescuing defects in tir1;afb1;afb2;afb4;afb5 mutant but not in tmk1;tmk2;tmk3;tmk4 mutants. Our findings show that hierarchically integrated global and local auxin signaling systems, which respectively depend on TIR1/AFB-dependent gene transcription in the nucleus and TMK-mediated rapid activation of ROP GTPases at the cell surface, control PC interdigitation patterns in Arabidopsis cotyledons, revealing a mechanism for coordinating a local cellular process with the development of whole tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Pérez-Henríquez
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongjiang Li
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Key Laboratory for Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shingo Nagawa
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Deshu Lin
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | - Michael J. Prigge
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ken-ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Linlin Qi
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jaimie Van Norman
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Key Laboratory for Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Lead Contact
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5
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Xue L, Wang Y, Fan Y, Jiang Z, Wei Z, Zhai H, He S, Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhao N, Gao S, Liu Q. IbNF-YA1 is a key factor in the storage root development of sweet potato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1991-2002. [PMID: 38549549 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
As a major worldwide root crop, the mechanism underlying storage root yield formation has always been a hot topic in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Previously, we conducted the transcriptome database of differentially expressed genes between the cultivated sweet potato cultivar "Xushu18," its diploid wild relative Ipomoea triloba without storage root, and their interspecific somatic hybrid XT1 with medium-sized storage root. We selected one of these candidate genes, IbNF-YA1, for subsequent analysis. IbNF-YA1 encodes a nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha (NF-YA) gene, which is significantly induced by the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The storage root yield of the IbNF-YA1 overexpression (OE) plant decreased by 29.15-40.22% compared with the wild type, while that of the RNAi plant increased by 10.16-21.58%. Additionally, IAA content increased significantly in OE plants. Conversely, the content of IAA decreased significantly in RNAi plants. Furthermore, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that the expressions of the key genes IbYUCCA2, IbYUCCA4, and IbYUCCA8 in the IAA biosynthetic pathway were significantly changed in transgenic plants. The results indicated that IbNF-YA1 could directly target IbYUCCA4 and activate IbYUCCA4 transcription. The IAA content of IbYUCCA4 OE plants increased by 71.77-98.31%. Correspondingly, the storage root yield of the IbYUCCA4 OE plant decreased by 77.91-80.52%. These findings indicate that downregulating the IbNF-YA1 gene could improve the storage root yield in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaopei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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6
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Wang X, Feng S, Luo J, Song S, Lin J, Tian Y, Xu T, Ma J. The Role of FveAFB5 in Auxin-Mediated Responses and Growth in Strawberries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1142. [PMID: 38674551 PMCID: PMC11055006 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial hormone that regulates various aspects of plant growth and development. It exerts its effects through multiple signaling pathways, including the TIR1/AFB-based transcriptional regulation in the nucleus. However, the specific role of auxin receptors in determining developmental features in the strawberry (Fragaria vesca) remains unclear. Our research has identified FveAFB5, a potential auxin receptor, as a key player in the development and auxin responses of woodland strawberry diploid variety Hawaii 4. FveAFB5 positively influences lateral root development, plant height, and fruit development, while negatively regulating shoot branching. Moreover, the mutation of FveAFB5 confers strong resistance to the auxinic herbicide picloram, compared to dicamba and quinclorac. Transcriptome analysis suggests that FveAFB5 may initiate auxin and abscisic acid signaling to inhibit growth in response to picloram. Therefore, FveAFB5 likely acts as an auxin receptor involved in regulating multiple processes related to strawberry growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shuo Feng
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jiangshan Luo
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shikui Song
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yunhe Tian
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jun Ma
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
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7
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Murphy AS. Making connections with cell surface auxin signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:522-524. [PMID: 38368508 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
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8
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Cui X, Wang J, Li K, Lv B, Hou B, Ding Z. Protein post-translational modifications in auxin signaling. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:279-291. [PMID: 37451336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation, are crucial for regulating protein stability, activity, subcellular localization, and binding with cofactors. Such modifications remarkably increase the variety and complexity of proteomes, which are essential for regulating numerous cellular and physiological processes. The regulation of auxin signaling is finely tuned in time and space to guide various plant growth and development. Accumulating evidence indicates that PTMs play critical roles in auxin signaling regulations. Thus, a thorough and systematic review of the functions of PTMs in auxin signal transduction will improve our profound comprehension of the regulation mechanism of auxin signaling and auxin-mediated various processes. This review discusses the progress of protein ubiquitination, phosphorylation, histone acetylation and methylation, SUMOylation, and S-nitrosylation in the regulation of auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ke Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Bingsheng Lv
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China.
| | - Bingkai Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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9
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Urbancsok J, Donev EN, Sivan P, van Zalen E, Barbut FR, Derba-Maceluch M, Šimura J, Yassin Z, Gandla ML, Karady M, Ljung K, Winestrand S, Jönsson LJ, Scheepers G, Delhomme N, Street NR, Mellerowicz EJ. Flexure wood formation via growth reprogramming in hybrid aspen involves jasmonates and polyamines and transcriptional changes resembling tension wood development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2312-2334. [PMID: 37857351 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Stem bending in trees induces flexure wood but its properties and development are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of low-intensity multidirectional stem flexing on growth and wood properties of hybrid aspen, and on its transcriptomic and hormonal responses. Glasshouse-grown trees were either kept stationary or subjected to several daily shakes for 5 wk, after which the transcriptomes and hormones were analyzed in the cambial region and developing wood tissues, and the wood properties were analyzed by physical, chemical and microscopy techniques. Shaking increased primary and secondary growth and altered wood differentiation by stimulating gelatinous-fiber formation, reducing secondary wall thickness, changing matrix polysaccharides and increasing cellulose, G- and H-lignin contents, cell wall porosity and saccharification yields. Wood-forming tissues exhibited elevated jasmonate, polyamine, ethylene and brassinosteroids and reduced abscisic acid and gibberellin signaling. Transcriptional responses resembled those during tension wood formation but not opposite wood formation and revealed several thigmomorphogenesis-related genes as well as novel gene networks including FLA and XTH genes encoding plasma membrane-bound proteins. Low-intensity stem flexing stimulates growth and induces wood having improved biorefinery properties through molecular and hormonal pathways similar to thigmomorphogenesis in herbaceous plants and largely overlapping with the tension wood program of hardwoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Urbancsok
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Evgeniy N Donev
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pramod Sivan
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elena van Zalen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Félix R Barbut
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zakiya Yassin
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, 11428, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michal Karady
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Leif J Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Scheepers
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, 11428, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel R Street
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Solanki M, Shukla LI. Recent advances in auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:290. [PMID: 37547917 PMCID: PMC10400529 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant proliferation is linked with auxins which in turn play a pivotal role in the rate of growth. Also, auxin concentrations could provide insights into the age, stress, and events leading to flowering and fruiting in the sessile plant kingdom. The role in rejuvenation and plasticity is now evidenced. Interest in plant auxins spans many decades, information from different plant families for auxin concentrations, transcriptional, and epigenetic evidences for gene regulation is evaluated here, for getting an insight into pattern of auxin biosynthesis. This biosynthesis takes place via an tryptophan-independent and tryptophan-dependent pathway. The independent pathway initiated before the tryptophan (trp) production involves indole as the primary substrate. On the other hand, the trp-dependent IAA pathway passes through the indole pyruvic acid (IPyA), indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), and indole acetamide (IAM) pathways. Investigations on trp-dependent pathways involved mutants, namely yucca (1-11), taa1, nit1, cyp79b and cyp79b2, vt2 and crd, and independent mutants of tryptophan, ins are compiled here. The auxin conjugates of the IAA amide and ester-linked mutant gh3, iar, ilr, ill, iamt1, ugt, and dao are remarkable and could facilitate the assimilation of auxins. Efforts are made herein to provide an up-to-date detailed information about biosynthesis leading to plant sustenance. The vast information about auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis is consolidated in this review with a simplified model of auxin biosynthesis with keys and clues for important missing links since auxins can enable the plants to proliferate and override the environmental influence and needs to be probed for applications in sustainable agriculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03709-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Solanki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
- Puducherry, India
| | - Lata Israni Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
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11
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Hajibehzad SS, Romanowski A, Pierik R. Plant signaling: The sugar-coated story of root growth. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R805-R808. [PMID: 37552945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
A new study draws attention to photosynthetically produced sucrose as a major shoot-derived and auxin-dependent regulator of root growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Shokrian Hajibehzad
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Andrés Romanowski
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
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12
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Zhang WJ, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Su YH, Xu T. Protein phosphorylation: A molecular switch in plant signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112729. [PMID: 37405922 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation modification is crucial for signaling transduction in plant development and environmental adaptation. By precisely phosphorylating crucial components in signaling cascades, plants can switch on and off the specific signaling pathways needed for growth or defense. Here, we have summarized recent findings of key phosphorylation events in typical hormone signaling and stress responses. More interestingly, distinct phosphorylation patterns on proteins result in diverse biological functions of these proteins. Thus, we have also highlighted latest findings that show how the different phosphosites of a protein, also named phosphocodes, determine the specificity of downstream signaling in both plant development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Zhang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yewei Zhou
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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13
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Luo P, Di DW. Precise Regulation of the TAA1/TAR-YUCCA Auxin Biosynthesis Pathway in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108514. [PMID: 37239863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway is the main auxin biosynthesis pathway in the plant kingdom. Local control of auxin biosynthesis through this pathway regulates plant growth and development and the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. During the past decades, genetic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies have greatly advanced our understanding of tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis. The IPA pathway includes two steps: Trp is converted to IPA by TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS/TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED PROTEINs (TAA1/TARs), and then IPA is converted to IAA by the flavin monooxygenases (YUCCAs). The IPA pathway is regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, protein modification, and feedback regulation, resulting in changes in gene transcription, enzyme activity and protein localization. Ongoing research indicates that tissue-specific DNA methylation and miRNA-directed regulation of transcription factors may also play key roles in the precise regulation of IPA-dependent auxin biosynthesis in plants. This review will mainly summarize the regulatory mechanisms of the IPA pathway and address the many unresolved questions regarding this auxin biosynthesis pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dong-Wei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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14
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Bai Y, Dou Y, Xie Y, Zheng H, Gao J. Phylogeny, transcriptional profile, and auxin-induced phosphorylation modification characteristics of conserved PIN proteins in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123671. [PMID: 36801226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin polar transport is an important way for auxin to exercise its function, and auxin plays an irreplaceable role in the rapid growth of Moso bamboo. We identified and performed the structural analysis of PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carriers in Moso bamboo and obtained a total of 23 PhePIN genes from five gene subfamilies. We also performed chromosome localization and intra- and inter-species synthesis analysis. Phylogenetic analyses of 216 PIN genes showed that PIN genes are relatively conserved in the evolution of the Bambusoideae and have undergone intra-family segment replication in Moso bamboo. The PIN genes' transcriptional patterns showed that the PIN1 subfamily plays a major regulatory role. PIN genes and auxin biosynthesis maintain a high degree of consistency in spatial and temporal distribution. Phosphoproteomics analysis identified many phosphorylated protein kinases that respond to auxin regulation through autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of PIN proteins. The protein interaction network showed that there is a plant hormone interaction regulatory network with PIN protein as the core. We provide a comprehensive PIN protein analysis that complements the auxin regulatory pathway in Moso bamboo and paves the way for further auxin regulatory studies in bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Bai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Dou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Xie
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China.
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15
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Wang N, Shi Y, Jiang Q, Li H, Fan W, Feng Y, Li L, Liu B, Lin F, Jing W, Zhang W, Shen L. A 14-3-3 protein positively regulates rice salt tolerance by stabilizing phospholipase C1. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1232-1248. [PMID: 36539986 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase Cs (PI-PLCs) catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols, which play crucial roles in signaling transduction during plant development and stress response. However, the regulation of PI-PLC is still poorly understood. A previous study showed that a rice PI-PLC, OsPLC1, was essential to rice salt tolerance. Here, we identified a 14-3-3 protein, OsGF14b, as an interaction partner of OsPLC1. Similar to OsPLC1, OsGF14b also positively regulates rice salt tolerance, and their interaction can be promoted by NaCl stress. OsGF14b also positively regulated the hydrolysis activity of OsPLC1, and is essential to NaCl-induced activation of rice PI-PLCs. We further discovered that OsPLC1 was degraded via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and OsGF14b could inhibit the ubiquitination of OsPLC1 to protect OsPLC1 from degradation. Under salt stress, the OsPLC1 protein level in osgf14b was lower than the corresponding value of WT, whereas overexpression of OsGF14b results in a significant increase of OsPLC1 stability. Taken together, we propose that OsGF14b can interact with OsPLC1 and promote its activity and stability, thereby improving rice salt tolerance. This study provides novel insights into the important roles of 14-3-3 proteins in regulating protein stability and function in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningna Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyuan Shi
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxia Fan
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Jing
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Like Shen
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Xu T, Dong J. Asymmetric cell division in plant development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:343-370. [PMID: 36610013 PMCID: PMC9975081 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a fundamental process that generates new cell types during development in eukaryotic species. In plant development, post-embryonic organogenesis driven by ACD is universal and more important than in animals, in which organ pattern is preset during embryogenesis. Thus, plant development provides a powerful system to study molecular mechanisms underlying ACD. During the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the key components and mechanisms involved in this important process in plants. Here, we present an overview of how ACD is determined and regulated in multiple biological processes in plant development and compare their conservation and specificity among different model cell systems. We also summarize the molecular roles and mechanisms of the phytohormones in the regulation of plant ACD. Finally, we conclude with the overarching paradigms and principles that govern plant ACD and consider how new technologies can be exploited to fill the knowledge gaps and make new advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondences: Yi Zhang (); Juan Dong (). Yi Zhang and Juan Dong are fully responsible for the distribution of all materials associated with this article
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08891, USA
- Correspondences: Yi Zhang (); Juan Dong (). Yi Zhang and Juan Dong are fully responsible for the distribution of all materials associated with this article
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17
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Pérez-Henríquez P, Yang Z. Extranuclear auxin signaling: a new insight into auxin's versatility. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1115-1121. [PMID: 36336825 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Auxin phytohormone has a role in most aspects of the life of a land plant and is found even in ancient plants such as single-cell green algae. Auxin's ubiquitous but specific effects have been mainly explained by the extraordinary ability of plants to interpret spatiotemporal patterns of auxin concentrations via the regulation of gene transcription. This is thought to be achieved through the combinatorial effects of two families of nuclear coreceptor proteins, that is the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 and AUXIN-SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) and AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACID. Recent evidence has suggested transcription-independent roles of TIR1/AFBs localized outside the nucleus and TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE (TMK)-based auxin signaling occurring in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, emerging evidence supports a coordinated action of the intra- and extranuclear auxin signaling pathways to regulate specific auxin responses. Here, we highlight how auxin signaling acts inside and outside the nucleus for the regulation of growth and morphogenesis and propose that the future direction of auxin biology lies in the elucidation of a new collaborative paradigm of intra- and extranuclear auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Pérez-Henríquez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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18
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de Raad M, Koper K, Deng K, Bowen BP, Maeda HA, Northen TR. Mass spectrometry imaging-based assays for aminotransferase activity reveal a broad substrate spectrum for a previously uncharacterized enzyme. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102939. [PMID: 36702250 PMCID: PMC9957770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminotransferases (ATs) catalyze pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent transamination reactions between amino donor and keto acceptor substrates and play central roles in nitrogen metabolism of all organisms. ATs are involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of both proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic amino acids and also carry out a wide variety of functions in photorespiration, detoxification, and secondary metabolism. Despite the importance of ATs, their functionality is poorly understood as only a small fraction of putative ATs, predicted from DNA sequences, are associated with experimental data. Even for characterized ATs, the full spectrum of substrate specificity, among many potential substrates, has not been explored in most cases. This is largely due to the lack of suitable high-throughput assays that can screen for AT activity and specificity at scale. Here we present a new high-throughput platform for screening AT activity using bioconjugate chemistry and mass spectrometry imaging-based analysis. Detection of AT reaction products is achieved by forming an oxime linkage between the ketone groups of transaminated amino donors and a probe molecule that facilitates mass spectrometry-based analysis using nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry or MALDI-mass spectrometry. As a proof-of-principle, we applied the newly established method and found that a previously uncharacterized Arabidopsis thaliana tryptophan AT-related protein 1 is a highly promiscuous enzyme that can utilize 13 amino acid donors and three keto acid acceptors. These results demonstrate that this oxime-mass spectrometry imaging AT assay enables high-throughput discovery and comprehensive characterization of AT enzymes, leading to an accurate understanding of the nitrogen metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus de Raad
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - Kaan Koper
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kai Deng
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California, USA; Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Benjamin P Bowen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California, USA; Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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19
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Perez VC, Zhao H, Lin M, Kim J. Occurrence, Function, and Biosynthesis of the Natural Auxin Phenylacetic Acid (PAA) in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:266. [PMID: 36678978 PMCID: PMC9867223 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxins are a class of plant hormones playing crucial roles in a plant's growth, development, and stress responses. Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is a phenylalanine-derived natural auxin found widely in plants. Although the auxin activity of PAA in plants was identified several decades ago, PAA homeostasis and its function remain poorly understood, whereas indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the most potent auxin, has been used for most auxin studies. Recent studies have revealed unique features of PAA distinctive from IAA, and the enzymes and intermediates of the PAA biosynthesis pathway have been identified. Here, we summarize the occurrence and function of PAA in plants and highlight the recent progress made in PAA homeostasis, emphasizing PAA biosynthesis and crosstalk between IAA and PAA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica C. Perez
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haohao Zhao
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Makou Lin
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jeongim Kim
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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20
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Wang Y, Yan X, Xu M, Qi W, Shi C, Li X, Ma J, Tian D, Shou J, Wu H, Pan J, Li B, Wang C. Transmembrane kinase 1-mediated auxin signal regulates membrane-associated clathrin in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:82-99. [PMID: 36114789 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major endocytic pathway in eukaryotic cells that directly regulates abundance of plasma membrane proteins. Clathrin triskelia are composed of clathrin heavy chains (CHCs) and light chains (CLCs), and the phytohormone auxin differentially regulates membrane-associated CLCs and CHCs, modulating the endocytosis and therefore the distribution of auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2). However, the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulates clathrin are still poorly understood. Transmembrane kinase (TMKs) family proteins are considered to contribute to auxin signaling and plant development; it remains unclear whether they are involved in PIN transport by CME. We assessed TMKs involvement in the regulation of clathrin by auxin, using genetic, pharmacological, and cytological approaches including live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence. In tmk1 mutant seedlings, auxin failed to rapidly regulate abundance of both CHC and CLC and to inhibit PIN2 endocytosis, leading to an impaired asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and therefore auxin. Furthermore, TMK3 and TMK4 were shown not to be involved in regulation of clathrin by auxin. In summary, TMK1 is essential for auxin-regulated clathrin recruitment and CME. TMK1 therefore plays a critical role in the establishment of an asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and an auxin gradient during root gravitropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Weiyang Qi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chunjie Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianxin Shou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianwei Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
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21
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Significance of NatB-mediated N-terminal acetylation of auxin biosynthetic enzymes in maintaining auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1410. [PMID: 36550195 PMCID: PMC9780221 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The auxin IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) plays key roles in regulating plant growth and development, which depends on an intricate homeostasis that is determined by the balance between its biosynthesis, metabolism and transport. YUC flavin monooxygenases catalyze the rate-limiting step of auxin biosynthesis via IPyA (indole pyruvic acid) and are critical targets in regulating auxin homeostasis. Despite of numerous reports on the transcriptional regulation of YUC genes, little is known about those at the post-translational protein level. Here, we show that loss of function of CKRC3/TCU2, the auxiliary subunit (Naa25) of Arabidopsis NatB, and/or of its catalytic subunit (Naa20), NBC, led to auxin-deficiency in plants. Experimental evidences show that CKRC3/TCU2 can interact with NBC to form a NatB complex, catalyzing the N-terminal acetylation (NTA) of YUC proteins for their intracellular stability to maintain normal auxin homeostasis in plants. Hence, our findings provide significantly new insight into the link between protein NTA and auxin biosynthesis in plants.
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22
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Jedličková V, Mácová K, Štefková M, Butula J, Staveníková J, Sedláček M, Robert HS. Hairy root transformation system as a tool for CRISPR/Cas9-directed genome editing in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:919290. [PMID: 35991410 PMCID: PMC9386449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our study examined the mutation efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 method for tryptophan aminotransferase BnaTAA1 genes involved in the auxin biosynthesis pathway. We made nine CRISPR/Cas9 constructs with various promoters driving the expression of a Cas9 from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) or a plant-codon-optimized Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (pcoCas9). We developed a fast and efficient system for evaluating the variety and frequency of mutations caused by each construct using Brassica napus hairy roots. We showed that pcoCas9 is more efficient in mutating the targeted loci than SaCas9 and the presence of the NLS signal enhanced the chance of mutagenesis by 25%. The mutations were studied further in regenerated lines, and we determined the BnaTAA1 gene expression and heritability of the gene modifications in transgenic plants. Hairy root transformation combined with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing represents a fast and straightforward system for studying target gene function in the important oilseed crop B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Jedličková
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Mácová
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marie Štefková
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Butula
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Staveníková
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Sedláček
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hélène S. Robert
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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23
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RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition upstream of auxin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121058119. [PMID: 35878023 PMCID: PMC9351349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121058119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell growth responds rapidly to various stimuli, adapting architecture to environmental changes. Two major endogenous signals regulating growth are the phytohormone auxin and the secreted peptides rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs). Both trigger very rapid cellular responses and also exert long-term effects [Du et al., Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 71, 379-402 (2020); Blackburn et al., Plant Physiol. 182, 1657-1666 (2020)]. However, the way, in which these distinct signaling pathways converge to regulate growth, remains unknown. Here, using vertical confocal microscopy combined with a microfluidic chip, we addressed the mechanism of RALF action on growth. We observed correlation between RALF1-induced rapid Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition and apoplast alkalinization during the initial phase of the response, and revealed that RALF1 reversibly inhibits primary root growth through apoplast alkalinization faster than within 1 min. This rapid apoplast alkalinization was the result of RALF1-induced net H+ influx and was mediated by the receptor FERONIA (FER). Furthermore, we investigated the cross-talk between RALF1 and the auxin signaling pathways during root growth regulation. The results showed that RALF-FER signaling triggered auxin signaling with a delay of approximately 1 h by up-regulating auxin biosynthesis, thus contributing to sustained RALF1-induced growth inhibition. This biphasic RALF1 action on growth allows plants to respond rapidly to environmental stimuli and also reprogram growth and development in the long term.
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24
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Zhang C, Yu Z, Zhang M, Li X, Wang M, Li L, Li X, Ding Z, Tian H. Serratia marcescens PLR enhances lateral root formation through supplying PLR-derived auxin and enhancing auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3711-3725. [PMID: 35196372 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) refer to bacteria that colonize the rhizosphere and contribute to plant growth or stress tolerance. To further understand the molecular mechanism by which PGPR exhibit symbiosis with plants, we performed a high-throughput single colony screening from the rhizosphere, and uncovered a bacterium (named promoting lateral root, PLR) that significantly promotes Arabidopsis lateral root formation. By 16S rDNA sequencing, PLR was identified as a novel sub-species of Serratia marcescens. RNA-seq analysis of Arabidopsis integrated with phenotypic verification of auxin signalling mutants demonstrated that the promoting effect of PLR on lateral root formation is dependent on auxin signalling. Furthermore, PLR enhanced tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis by inducing multiple auxin biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis. Genome-wide sequencing of PLR integrated with the identification of IAA and its precursors in PLR exudates showed that tryptophan treatment significantly enhanced the ability of PLR to produce IAA and its precursors. Interestingly, PLR induced the expression of multiple nutrient (N, P, K, S) transporter genes in Arabidopsis in an auxin-independent manner. This study provides evidence of how PLR enhances plant growth through fine-tuning auxin biosynthesis and signalling in Arabidopsis, implying a potential application of PLR in crop yield improvement through accelerating root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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25
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Abstract
Auxin has always been at the forefront of research in plant physiology and development. Since the earliest contemplations by Julius von Sachs and Charles Darwin, more than a century-long struggle has been waged to understand its function. This largely reflects the failures, successes, and inevitable progress in the entire field of plant signaling and development. Here I present 14 stations on our long and sometimes mystical journey to understand auxin. These highlights were selected to give a flavor of the field and to show the scope and limits of our current knowledge. A special focus is put on features that make auxin unique among phytohormones, such as its dynamic, directional transport network, which integrates external and internal signals, including self-organizing feedback. Accented are persistent mysteries and controversies. The unexpected discoveries related to rapid auxin responses and growth regulation recently disturbed our contentment regarding understanding of the auxin signaling mechanism. These new revelations, along with advances in technology, usher us into a new, exciting era in auxin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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26
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Xu J, Ji Z, Wang C, Xu F, Wang F, Zheng Y, Tang Y, Wei Z, Zhao T, Zhao K. WATER-SOAKED SPOT1 Controls Chloroplast Development and Leaf Senescence via Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918673. [PMID: 35693165 PMCID: PMC9178249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane kinases (TMKs) play important roles in plant growth and signaling cascades of phytohormones. However, its function in the regulation of early leaf senescence (ELS) of plants remains unknown. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the WATER-SOAKED SPOT1 gene which encodes a protein belongs to the TMK family and controls chloroplast development and leaf senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The water-soaked spot1 (oswss1) mutant displays water-soaked spots which subsequently developed into necrotic symptoms at the tillering stage. Moreover, oswss1 exhibits slightly rolled leaves with irregular epidermal cells, decreased chlorophyll contents, and defective stomata and chloroplasts as compared with the wild type. Map-based cloning revealed that OsWSS1 encodes transmembrane kinase TMK1. Genetic complementary experiments verified that a Leu396Pro amino acid substitution, residing in the highly conserved region of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, was responsible for the phenotypes of oswss1. OsWSS1 was constitutively expressed in all tissues and its encoded protein is localized to the plasma membrane. Mutation of OsWSS1 led to hyper-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), more severe DNA fragmentation, and cell death than that of the wild-type control. In addition, we found that the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) was significantly higher, while the expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and photosynthesis was significantly downregulated in oswss1 as compared with the wild type. Taken together, our results demonstrated that OsWSS1, a member of TMKs, plays a vital role in the regulation of ROS homeostasis, chloroplast development, and leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmin Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ji
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlian Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchao Tang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Sun Y, Oh DH, Duan L, Ramachandran P, Ramirez A, Bartlett A, Tran KN, Wang G, Dassanayake M, Dinneny JR. Divergence in the ABA gene regulatory network underlies differential growth control. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:549-560. [PMID: 35501452 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a central regulator of acclimation to environmental stress; however, its contribution to differences in stress tolerance between species is unclear. To establish a comparative framework for understanding how stress hormone signalling pathways diverge across species, we studied the growth response of four Brassicaceae species to ABA treatment and generated transcriptomic and DNA affinity purification and sequencing datasets to construct a cross-species gene regulatory network (GRN) for ABA. Comparison of genes bound directly by ABA-responsive element binding factors suggests that cis-factors are most important for determining the target loci represented in the ABA GRN of a particular species. Using this GRN, we reveal how rewiring of growth hormone subnetworks contributes to stark differences in the response to ABA in the extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula. Our study provides a model for understanding how divergence in gene regulation can lead to species-specific physiological outcomes in response to hormonal cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lina Duan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Ramirez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kieu-Nga Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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28
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Wang R, Himschoot E, Grenzi M, Chen J, Safi A, Krebs M, Schumacher K, Nowack MK, Van Damme D, De Smet I, Geelen D, Beeckman T, Friml J, Costa A, Vanneste S. Auxin analog-induced Ca2+ signaling is independent of inhibition of endosomal aggregation in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2308-2319. [PMID: 35085386 PMCID: PMC7612644 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Much of what we know about the role of auxin in plant development derives from exogenous manipulations of auxin distribution and signaling, using inhibitors, auxins, and auxin analogs. In this context, synthetic auxin analogs, such as 1-naphthalene acetic acid (1-NAA), are often favored over the endogenous auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), in part due to their higher stability. While such auxin analogs have proven instrumental in revealing the various faces of auxin, they display in some cases bioactivities distinct from IAA. Here, we focused on the effect of auxin analogs on the accumulation of PIN proteins in brefeldin A-sensitive endosomal aggregations (BFA bodies), and correlation with the ability to elicit Ca2+ responses. For a set of commonly used auxin analogs, we evaluated if auxin analog-induced Ca2+ signaling inhibits PIN accumulation. Not all auxin analogs elicited a Ca2+ response, and their differential ability to elicit Ca2+ responses correlated partially with their ability to inhibit BFA-body formation. However, in tir1/afb and cngc14, 1-NAA-induced Ca2+ signaling was strongly impaired, yet 1-NAA still could inhibit PIN accumulation in BFA bodies. This demonstrates that TIR1/AFB-CNGC14-dependent Ca2+ signaling does not inhibit BFA body formation in Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wang
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellie Himschoot
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matteo Grenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jian Chen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alaeddine Safi
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz K. Nowack
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniёl Van Damme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Ghent University, Department of Plants and Crops, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Plants and Crops, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
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29
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Colinas M, Fitzpatrick TB. Coenzymes and the primary and specialized metabolism interface. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 66:102170. [PMID: 35063913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants, primary and specialized metabolism have classically been distinguished as either essential for growth or required for survival in a particular environment. Coenzymes (organic cofactors) are essential for growth but their importance to specialized metabolism is often not considered. In line with the recent proposal of viewing primary and specialized metabolism as an integrated whole rather than segregated lots with a defined interface, we highlight here the importance of collating information on the regulation of coenzyme supply with metabolic demands using examples of vitamin B derived coenzymes. We emphasize that coenzymes can have enormous influence on the outcome of metabolic as well as engineered pathways and should be taken into account in the era of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Colinas
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 80, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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30
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Chakraborty S, Toyota M, Moeder W, Chin K, Fortuna A, Champigny M, Vanneste S, Gilroy S, Beeckman T, Nambara E, Yoshioka K. CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED ION CHANNEL 2 modulates auxin homeostasis and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1690-1703. [PMID: 34618044 PMCID: PMC8566268 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) have been firmly established as Ca2+-conducting ion channels that regulate a wide variety of physiological responses in plants. CNGC2 has been implicated in plant immunity and Ca2+ signaling due to the autoimmune phenotypes exhibited by null mutants of CNGC2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, cngc2 mutants display additional phenotypes that are unique among autoimmune mutants, suggesting that CNGC2 has functions beyond defense and generates distinct Ca2+ signals in response to different triggers. In this study, we found that cngc2 mutants showed reduced gravitropism, consistent with a defect in auxin signaling. This was mirrored in the diminished auxin response detected by the auxin reporters DR5::GUS and DII-VENUS and in a strongly impaired auxin-induced Ca2+ response. Moreover, the cngc2 mutant exhibits higher levels of the endogenous auxin indole-3-acetic acid, indicating that excess auxin in the cngc2 mutant causes its pleiotropic phenotypes. These auxin signaling defects and the autoimmunity syndrome of the cngc2 mutant could be suppressed by loss-of-function mutations in the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA6 (YUC6), as determined by identification of the cngc2 suppressor mutant repressor of cngc2 (rdd1) as an allele of YUC6. A loss-of-function mutation in the upstream auxin biosynthesis gene TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA1, WEAK ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE8) also suppressed the cngc2 phenotypes, further supporting the tight relationship between CNGC2 and the TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS-YUCCA -dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway. Taking these results together, we propose that the Ca2+ signal generated by CNGC2 is a part of the negative feedback regulation of auxin homeostasis in which CNGC2 balances cellular auxin perception by influencing auxin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonhita Chakraborty
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, , Canada, ON M5S 3B2
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, , Canada, ON M5S 3B2
| | - Kimberley Chin
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, , Canada, ON M5S 3B2
| | - Alex Fortuna
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, , Canada, ON M5S 3B2
| | | | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Unit HortiCell, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, 119, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Unit HortiCell, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, , Canada, ON M5S 3B2
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, , Canada, ON M5S 3B2
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, ON M5S 3B2
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31
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Lin W, Zhou X, Tang W, Takahashi K, Pan X, Dai J, Ren H, Zhu X, Pan S, Zheng H, Gray WM, Xu T, Kinoshita T, Yang Z. TMK-based cell-surface auxin signalling activates cell-wall acidification. Nature 2021; 599:278-282. [PMID: 34707287 PMCID: PMC8549421 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin controls many processes in plants, at least in part through its regulation of cell expansion1. The acid growth hypothesis has been proposed to explain auxin-stimulated cell expansion for five decades, but the mechanism that underlies auxin-induced cell-wall acidification is poorly characterized. Auxin induces the phosphorylation and activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase that pumps protons into the apoplast2, yet how auxin activates its phosphorylation remains unclear. Here we show that the transmembrane kinase (TMK) auxin-signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane H+-ATPases, inducing their phosphorylation, and thereby promoting cell-wall acidification and hypocotyl cell elongation in Arabidopsis. Auxin induced interactions between TMKs and H+-ATPases in the plasma membrane within seconds, as well as TMK-dependent phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine residue on the H+-ATPases. Our genetic, biochemical and molecular evidence demonstrates that TMKs directly phosphorylate plasma membrane H+-ATPase and are required for auxin-induced H+-ATPase activation, apoplastic acidification and cell expansion. Thus, our findings reveal a crucial connection between auxin and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation in regulating apoplastic pH changes and cell expansion through TMK-based cell surface auxin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lin
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wenxin Tang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xue Pan
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jiawei Dai
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songqin Pan
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - William M Gray
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Tongda Xu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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32
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Li L, Verstraeten I, Roosjen M, Takahashi K, Rodriguez L, Merrin J, Chen J, Shabala L, Smet W, Ren H, Vanneste S, Shabala S, De Rybel B, Weijers D, Kinoshita T, Gray WM, Friml J. Cell surface and intracellular auxin signalling for H + fluxes in root growth. Nature 2021; 599:273-277. [PMID: 34707283 PMCID: PMC7612300 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Growth regulation tailors development in plants to their environment. A prominent example of this is the response to gravity, in which shoots bend up and roots bend down1. This paradox is based on opposite effects of the phytohormone auxin, which promotes cell expansion in shoots while inhibiting it in roots via a yet unknown cellular mechanism2. Here, by combining microfluidics, live imaging, genetic engineering and phosphoproteomics in Arabidopsis thaliana, we advance understanding of how auxin inhibits root growth. We show that auxin activates two distinct, antagonistically acting signalling pathways that converge on rapid regulation of apoplastic pH, a causative determinant of growth. Cell surface-based TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE1 (TMK1) interacts with and mediates phosphorylation and activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases for apoplast acidification, while intracellular canonical auxin signalling promotes net cellular H+ influx, causing apoplast alkalinization. Simultaneous activation of these two counteracting mechanisms poises roots for rapid, fine-tuned growth modulation in navigating complex soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Li
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mark Roosjen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lesia Rodriguez
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jack Merrin
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Wouter Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plants and Crops, HortiCell, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - William M Gray
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Ma Y, Wolf S, Lohmann JU. Casting the Net-Connecting Auxin Signaling to the Plant Genome. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040006. [PMID: 33903151 PMCID: PMC8559546 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin represents one of the most potent and most versatile hormonal signals in the plant kingdom. Built on a simple core of only a few dedicated components, the auxin signaling system plays important roles for diverse aspects of plant development, physiology, and defense. Key to the diversity of context-dependent functional outputs generated by cells in response to this small molecule are gene duplication events and sub-functionalization of signaling components on the one hand, and a deep embedding of the auxin signaling system into complex regulatory networks on the other hand. Together, these evolutionary innovations provide the mechanisms to allow each cell to display a highly specific auxin response that suits its individual requirements. In this review, we discuss the regulatory networks connecting auxin with a large number of diverse pathways at all relevant levels of the signaling system ranging from biosynthesis to transcriptional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Cell Wall Signalling Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Zhai N, Xu L. Pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer of callus is required for organ regeneration. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1453-1460. [PMID: 34782770 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In plant tissue culture, callus forms from detached explants in response to a high-auxin-to-low-cytokinin ratio on callus-inducing medium. Callus is a group of pluripotent cells because it can regenerate either roots or shoots in response to a low level of auxin on root-inducing medium or a high-cytokinin-to-low-auxin ratio on shoot-inducing medium, respectively1. However, our knowledge of the mechanism of pluripotency acquisition during callus formation is limited. On the basis of analyses at the single-cell level, we show that the tissue structure of Arabidopsis thaliana callus on callus-inducing medium is similar to that of the root primordium or root apical meristem, and the middle cell layer with quiescent centre-like transcriptional identity exhibits the ability to regenerate organs. In the middle cell layer, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) directly interacts with PLETHORA1 and 2 to promote TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1 expression for endogenous auxin production. WOX5 also interacts with the B-type ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR12 (ARR12) and represses A-type ARRs to break the negative feedback loop in cytokinin signalling. Overall, the promotion of auxin production and the enhancement of cytokinin sensitivity are both required for pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer of callus for organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Leftley N, Banda J, Pandey B, Bennett M, Voß U. Uncovering How Auxin Optimizes Root Systems Architecture in Response to Environmental Stresses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040014. [PMID: 33903159 PMCID: PMC8559545 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since colonizing land, plants have developed mechanisms to tolerate a broad range of abiotic stresses that include flooding, drought, high salinity, and nutrient limitation. Roots play a key role acclimating plants to these as their developmental plasticity enables them to grow toward more favorable conditions and away from limiting or harmful stresses. The phytohormone auxin plays a key role translating these environmental signals into developmental outputs. This is achieved by modulating auxin levels and/or signaling, often through cross talk with other hormone signals like abscisic acid (ABA) or ethylene. In our review, we discuss how auxin controls root responses to water, osmotic and nutrient-related stresses, and describe how the synthesis, degradation, transport, and response of this key signaling hormone helps optimize root architecture to maximize resource acquisition while limiting the impact of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Leftley
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Banda
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Bipin Pandey
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Voß
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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36
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Local auxin biosynthesis acts downstream of brassinosteroids to trigger root foraging for nitrogen. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5437. [PMID: 34521826 PMCID: PMC8440578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs) dominate the overall root surface of adult plants and are crucial for soil exploration and nutrient acquisition. When grown under mild nitrogen (N) deficiency, flowering plants develop longer LRs to enhance nutrient acquisition. This response is partly mediated by brassinosteroids (BR) and yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that local auxin biosynthesis modulates LR elongation while allelic coding variants of YUCCA8 determine the extent of elongation under N deficiency. By up-regulating the expression of YUCCA8/3/5/7 and of Tryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1 (TAA1) under mild N deficiency auxin accumulation increases in LR tips. We further demonstrate that N-dependent auxin biosynthesis in LRs acts epistatic to and downstream of a canonical BR signaling cascade. The uncovered BR-auxin hormonal module and its allelic variants emphasize the importance of fine-tuning hormonal crosstalk to boost adaptive root responses to N availability and offer a path to improve soil exploration by expanded root systems in plants.
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Perez VC, Dai R, Bai B, Tomiczek B, Askey BC, Zhang Y, Rubin GM, Ding Y, Grenning A, Block AK, Kim J. Aldoximes are precursors of auxins in Arabidopsis and maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1449-1461. [PMID: 33959967 PMCID: PMC8282758 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two natural auxins, phenylacetic acid (PAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), play crucial roles in plant growth and development. One route of IAA biosynthesis uses the glucosinolate intermediate indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) as a precursor, which is thought to occur only in glucosinolate-producing plants in Brassicales. A recent study showed that overproducing phenylacetaldoxime (PAOx) in Arabidopsis increases PAA production. However, it remains unknown whether this increased PAA resulted from hydrolysis of PAOx-derived benzyl glucosinolate or, like IAOx-derived IAA, is directly converted from PAOx. If glucosinolate hydrolysis is not required, aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis may occur beyond Brassicales. To better understand aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis, we conducted an isotope-labelled aldoxime feeding assay using an Arabidopsis glucosinolate-deficient mutant sur1 and maize, and transcriptomics analysis. Our study demonstrated that the conversion of PAOx to PAA does not require glucosinolates in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, maize produces PAA and IAA from PAOx and IAOx, respectively, indicating that aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis also occurs in maize. Considering that aldoxime production occurs widely in the plant kingdom, aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis is likely to be more widespread than originally believed. A genome-wide transcriptomics study using PAOx-overproduction plants identified complex metabolic networks among IAA, PAA, phenylpropanoid and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica C. Perez
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Ru Dai
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Bing Bai
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Breanna Tomiczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Bryce C. Askey
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Garret M. Rubin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | | | - Anna K. Block
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, 32608
| | - Jeongim Kim
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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38
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Phosphoproteomics Analysis of Plant Root Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34270051 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1625-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants absorb water and nutrients from soil through roots and transmit these resources through the xylem to the shoot. Roots therefore participate in information and material transduction as well as signal communication with the shoot. The importance of reversible protein phosphorylation in the regulation of plant growth and development has been amply demonstrated through decades of research. Here, we present a simple mass spectrometry-based shotgun phosphoproteomics protocol for Arabidopsis root tissue. Through this method, we can profile the Arabidopsis root phosphoproteome and construct signal networks of key proteins to better understand their roles in plant growth and development.
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39
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Kohchi T, Yamato KT, Ishizaki K, Yamaoka S, Nishihama R. Development and Molecular Genetics of Marchantia polymorpha. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:677-702. [PMID: 33684298 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-082520-094256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes occupy a basal position in the monophyletic evolution of land plants and have a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation dominates over the sporophyte generation, offering a significant advantage in conducting genetics. Owing to its low genetic redundancy and the availability of an array of versatile molecular tools, including efficient genome editing, the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has become a model organism of choice that provides clues to the mechanisms underlying eco-evo-devo biology in plants. Recent analyses of developmental mutants have revealed that key genes in developmental processes are functionally well conserved in plants, despite their morphological differences, and that lineage-specific evolution occurred by neo/subfunctionalization of common ancestral genes. We suggest that M. polymorpha is an excellent platform to uncover the conserved and diversified mechanisms underlying land plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; , ,
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa 649-6493, Japan;
| | | | - Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; , ,
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; , ,
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40
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TMK1-based auxin signaling regulates abscisic acid responses via phosphorylating ABI1/2 in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102544118. [PMID: 34099554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102544118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential concentrations of phytohormone trigger distinct outputs, which provides a mechanism for the plasticity of plant development and an adaptation strategy among plants to changing environments. However, the underlying mechanisms of the differential responses remain unclear. Here we report that a high concentration of auxin, distinct from the effect of low auxin concentration, enhances abscisic acid (ABA) responses in Arabidopsis thaliana, which partially relies on TRANS-MEMBERANE KINASE 1 (TMK1), a key regulator in auxin signaling. We show that high auxin and TMK1 play essential and positive roles in ABA signaling through regulating ABA INSENSITIVE 1 and 2 (ABI1/2), two negative regulators of the ABA pathway. TMK1 inhibits the phosphatase activity of ABI2 by direct phosphorylation of threonine 321 (T321), a conserved phosphorylation site in ABI2 proteins, whose phosphorylation status is important for both auxin and ABA responses. This TMK1-dependent auxin signaling in the regulation of ABA responses provides a possible mechanism underlying the high auxin responses in plants and an alternative mechanism involved in the coordination between auxin and ABA signaling.
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41
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Li L, Li B, Zhu S, Wang L, Song L, Chen J, Ming Z, Liu X, Li X, Yu F. TMK4 receptor kinase negatively modulates ABA signaling by phosphorylating ABI2 and enhancing its activity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1161-1178. [PMID: 33811744 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In plants, clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2CAs) have emerged as major players in abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated stress responses by inhibiting protein kinase activity. However, how different internal and external environmental signals modulate the activity of PP2CAs are not well known. The transmembrane kinase (TMK) protein 4 (TMK4), one member of a previously identified receptor kinase subfamily on the plasma membrane that plays vital roles in plant cell growth, directly interacts with PP2CAs member (ABA-Insensitive 2, ABI2). tmk4 mutant is hypersensitive to ABA in both ABA-inhibited seed germination and primary root growth, indicating that TMK4 is a negative regulator in ABA signaling pathway. Further analyses indicate that TMK4 phosphorylates ABI2 at three conserved Ser residues, thus enhancing the activity of ABI2. The phosphorylation-mimic ABI2S139DS140DS266D can complement but non-phosphorylated form ABI2S139AS140AS266A cannot complement ABA hypersensitive phenotype of the loss-of-function mutant abi1-2abi2-2. This study provides a previously unidentified mechanism for positively regulating ABI2 by a plasma membrane protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Limei Song
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhenhua Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiushan Li
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Li K, Zhou X, Sun X, Li G, Hou L, Zhao S, Zhao C, Ma C, Li P, Wang X. Coordination between MIDASIN 1-mediated ribosome biogenesis and auxin modulates plant development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2501-2513. [PMID: 33476386 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes are required for plant growth and development, and ribosome biogenesis-deficient mutants generally display auxin-related phenotypes. Although the relationship between ribosome dysfunction and auxin is known, many aspects of this subject remain to be understood. We previously reported that MIDASIN 1 (MDN1) is an essential pre-60S ribosome biogenesis factor (RBF) in Arabidopsis. In this study, we further characterized the aberrant auxin-related phenotypes of mdn1-1, a weak mutant allele of MDN1. Auxin response is disturbed in both shoots and roots of mdn1-1, as indicated by the DR5:GUS reporter. By combining transcriptome profiling analysis and reporter gene detection, we found that expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling is changed in mdn1-1. Furthermore, MDN1 deficiency affects the post-transcriptional regulation and protein distribution of PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2, an auxin efflux facilitator) in mdn1-1 roots. These results indicate that MDN1 is required for maintaining the auxin system. More interestingly, MDN1 is an auxin-responsive gene, and its promoter can be targeted by multiple AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs), including ARF7 and ARF19, in vitro. Indeed, in arf7 arf19, the auxin sensitivity of MDN1 expression is significantly reduced. Together, our results reveal a coordination mechanism between auxin and MDN1-dependent ribosome biogenesis for regulating plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
- College of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ximeng Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xueping Sun
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Lei Hou
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
- College of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
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43
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Suzuki H, Kohchi T, Nishihama R. Auxin Biology in Bryophyta: A Simple Platform with Versatile Functions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040055. [PMID: 33431584 PMCID: PMC7919391 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bryophytes, including liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, are gametophyte-dominant land plants that are derived from a common ancestor and underwent independent evolution from the sporophyte-dominant vascular plants since their divergence. The plant hormone auxin has been shown to play pleiotropic roles in the haploid bodies of bryophytes. Pharmacological and chemical studies identified conserved auxin molecules, their inactivated forms, and auxin transport in bryophyte tissues. Recent genomic and molecular biological studies show deep conservation of components and their functions in auxin biosynthesis, inactivation, transport, and signaling in land plants. Low genetic redundancy in model bryophytes enable unique assays, which are elucidating the design principles of the auxin signaling pathway. In this article, the physiological roles of auxin and regulatory mechanisms of gene expression and development by auxin in Bryophyta are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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44
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Casanova-Sáez R, Mateo-Bonmatí E, Ljung K. Auxin Metabolism in Plants. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a039867. [PMID: 33431579 PMCID: PMC7919392 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The major natural auxin in plants, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), orchestrates a plethora of developmental responses that largely depend on the formation of auxin concentration gradients within plant tissues. Together with inter- and intracellular transport, IAA metabolism-which comprises biosynthesis, conjugation, and degradation-modulates auxin gradients and is therefore critical for plant growth. It is now very well established that IAA is mainly produced from Trp and that the IPyA pathway is a major and universally conserved biosynthetic route in plants, while other redundant pathways operate in parallel. Recent findings have shown that metabolic inactivation of IAA is also redundantly performed by oxidation and conjugation processes. An exquisite spatiotemporal expression of the genes for auxin synthesis and inactivation have been shown to drive several plant developmental processes. Moreover, a group of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators controlling the expression of auxin metabolic genes have been identified in past years, which are illuminating the road to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the coordinated responses of local auxin metabolism to specific cues. Besides transcriptional regulation, subcellular compartmentalization of the IAA metabolism and posttranslational modifications of the metabolic enzymes are emerging as important contributors to IAA homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on (1) the pathways for IAA biosynthesis and inactivation in plants, (2) the influence of spatiotemporally regulated IAA metabolism on auxin-mediated responses, and (3) the regulatory mechanisms that modulate IAA levels in response to external and internal cues during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Zhang L, Luo P, Bai J, Wu L, Di DW, Liu HQ, Li JJ, Liu YL, Khaskheli AJ, Zhao CM, Guo GQ. Function of histone H2B monoubiquitination in transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:206. [PMID: 33589721 PMCID: PMC7884795 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The auxin IAA is a vital plant hormone in controlling growth and development, but our knowledge about its complicated biosynthetic pathways and molecular regulation are still limited and fragmentary. cytokinin induced root waving 2 (ckrw2) was isolated as one of the auxin-deficient mutants in a large-scale forward genetic screen aiming to find more genes functioning in auxin homeostasis and/or its regulation. Here we show that CKRW2 is identical to Histone Monoubiquitination 1 (HUB1), a gene encoding an E3 ligase required for histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) in Arabidopsis. In addition to pleiotropic defects in growth and development, loss of CKRW2/HUB1 function also led to typical auxin-deficient phenotypes in roots, which was associated with significantly lower expression levels of several functional auxin synthetic genes, namely TRP2/TSB1, WEI7/ASB1, YUC7 and AMI1. Corresponding defects in H2Bub1 were detected in the coding regions of these genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, indicating the involvement of H2Bub1 in regulating auxin biosynthesis. Importantly, application of exogenous cytokinin (CK) could stimulate CKRW2/HUB1 expression, providing an epigenetic avenue for CK to regulate the auxin homeostasis. Our results reveal a previously unknown mechanism for regulating auxin biosynthesis via HUB1/2-mediated H2Bub1 at the chromatin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Pan Luo
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Wei Di
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Qing Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Allah Jurio Khaskheli
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Guang-Qin Guo
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China.
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Wu X, Du A, Zhang S, Wang W, Liang J, Peng F, Xiao Y. Regulation of growth in peach roots by exogenous hydrogen sulfide based on RNA-Seq. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:179-192. [PMID: 33383385 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to regulate many physiological processes of plants. In this study, we observed that 0.2 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of H2S, can regulate the root architecture of peach seedlings, increasing the number of lateral roots by 40.63%. To investigate the specific mechanisms by which H2S regulates root growth in peach, we used RNA sequencing and heterologous expression technology. Our results showed that exogenous H2S led to a 44.50% increase in the concentration of endogenous auxin. Analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that 963 and 1113 genes responded to H2S on days one and five of treatment, respectively. Among the DEGs, 26 genes were involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signal transduction. Using weighted correlation network analysis, we found that the auxin-related genes in the H2S-specific gene module were disproportionately involved in polar transport, which may play an important role in H2S-induced root growth. In addition, we observed that the expression of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 16 (PpLBD16) was significantly up-regulated by exogenous application of H2S in peach. Overexpression of PpLBD16 in an Arabidopsis system yielded a 66.83% increase in the number of lateral roots. Under exposure to exogenous H2S, there was also increased expression of genes related to cell proliferation, indicating that H2S regulates the growth of peach roots. Our work represents the first comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the effects of exogenous application of H2S on the roots of peach, and provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying H2S-induced root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Anqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Futian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China.
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China.
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Tan S, Luschnig C, Friml J. Pho-view of Auxin: Reversible Protein Phosphorylation in Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport and Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:151-165. [PMID: 33186755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin plays a central role in shaping plant growth and development. With decades of genetic and biochemical studies, numerous core molecular components and their networks, underlying auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling, have been identified. Notably, protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by kinases and oppositely hydrolyzed by phosphatases, has been emerging to be a crucial type of post-translational modification, regulating physiological and developmental auxin output at all levels. In this review, we comprehensively discuss earlier and recent advances in our understanding of genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology of the kinases and phosphatases participating in auxin action. We provide insights into the mechanisms by which reversible protein phosphorylation defines developmental auxin responses, discuss current challenges, and provide our perspectives on future directions involving the integration of the control of protein phosphorylation into the molecular auxin network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Li P, Liu J. Protein Phosphorylation in Plant Cell Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2358:45-71. [PMID: 34270045 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1625-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their sessile nature, plants have evolved sophisticated sensory mechanisms to respond quickly and precisely to the changing environment. The extracellular stimuli are perceived and integrated by diverse receptors, such as receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs), and then transmitted to the nucleus by complex cellular signaling networks, which play vital roles in biological processes including plant growth, development, reproduction, and stress responses. The posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are important regulators for the diversification of protein functions in plant cell signaling. Protein phosphorylation is an important and well-characterized form of the PTMs, which influences the functions of many receptors and key components in cellular signaling. Protein phosphorylation in plants predominantly occurs on serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues, which is dynamically and reversibly catalyzed by protein kinases and protein phosphatases, respectively. In this review, we focus on the function of protein phosphorylation in plant cell signaling, especially plant hormone signaling, and highlight the roles of protein phosphorylation in plant abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Junzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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Chen H, Kong Y, Chen J, Li L, Li X, Yu F, Ming Z. Crystal structure of the extracellular domain of the receptor-like kinase TMK3 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:384-390. [PMID: 32744250 PMCID: PMC7397464 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane kinases (TMKs) are members of the plant receptor-like kinase (RLK) family. TMKs are characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) domain, a single transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic kinase domain. TMKs have been shown to act as critical modulators of cell expansion and cell proliferation. Here, the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of TMK3 (TMK3-ECD) was determined to a resolution of 2.06 Å, with an Rwork of 17.69% and an Rfree of 20.58%. Similar to the extracellular domain of TMK1, the TMK3-ECD structure contains two solenoids with 13 LRRs and a non-LRR region (316-364) between the tenth and 11th LRRs. A comparison of TMK3-ECD with other LRR-RLKs that contain a non-LRR region indicates that the non-LRR region plays a critical role in structural integrity and may contribute to ligand interactions. The non-LRR region of TMK3-ECD is characterized by two disulfide bonds that may have critical biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqiong Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiushan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China
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Czylkowska A, Szczesio M, Pietrzak A, Raducka A, Rogalewicz B. Novel Coordination Polymer of Cadmium (II) with L-Tryptophan. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102266. [PMID: 32423064 PMCID: PMC7288201 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new cadmium (II) polymeric coordination compound with tryptophan (Trp) of general formula {[Cd(L-Trp)2(H2O)Cl]∙(Trp)∙(H2O)}n was synthesized. The monocrystals of the investigated complex were obtained using the method of slow evaporation. The crystal and molecular structure was determined. The compound was crystallized in the orthorhombic P212121 space group. The cadmium atom was seven coordinates by two oxygen atoms from one bidentate-chelating carboxylate group of bridging Trp, two oxygen atoms from one bidentate-chelating carboxylate group from a monodentate organic ligand, one oxygen atom of water molecule, one nitrogen atom of the amino group from bridging Trp and one chlorine atom, which means that every tridentate Trp substituent was bridging towards one cadmium atom and bidentate chelating towards one another. The monodentate Trp is a zwitterionic molecule. The coordination led to the formation of 1D supramolecular chains entrapping water and Trp molecules.
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