1
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Cheng Q, Lu X, Tai Y, Luo T, Yang R. Light-Driven Microrobots for Targeted Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:5562-5594. [PMID: 39147594 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
As a new micromanipulation tool with the advantages of small size, flexible movement and easy manipulation, light-driven microrobots have a wide range of prospects in biomedical fields such as drug targeting and cell manipulation. Recently, microrobots have been controlled in various ways, and light field has become a research hotspot by its advantages of noncontact manipulation, precise localization, fast response, and biocompatibility. It utilizes the force or deformation generated by the light field to precisely control the microrobot, and combines with the drug release technology to realize the targeted drug application. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of light-driven microrobots with drug targeting to provide new ideas for the manipulation of microrobots. Here, this paper briefly categorizes the driving mechanisms and materials of light-driven microrobots, which mainly include photothermal, photochemical, and biological. Then, typical designs of light-driven microrobots with different driving mechanisms and control strategies for multiple physical fields are summarized. Finally, the applications of microrobots in the fields of drug targeting and bioimaging are presented as well as the future prospects of light-driven microrobots in the biomedical field are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xingqi Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yunhao Tai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Runhuai Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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2
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Lee SY, Schönhöfer PWA, Glotzer SC. Complex motion of steerable vesicular robots filled with active colloidal rods. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22773. [PMID: 38123626 PMCID: PMC10733302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While the collective motion of active particles has been studied extensively, effective strategies to navigate particle swarms without external guidance remain elusive. We introduce a method to control the trajectories of two-dimensional swarms of active rod-like particles by confining the particles to rigid bounding membranes (vesicles) with non-uniform curvature. We show that the propelling agents spontaneously form clusters at the membrane wall and collectively propel the vesicle, turning it into an active superstructure. To further guide the motion of the superstructure, we add discontinuous features to the rigid membrane boundary in the form of a kinked tip, which acts as a steering component to direct the motion of the vesicle. We report that the system's geometrical and material properties, such as the aspect ratio and Péclet number of the active rods as well as the kink angle and flexibility of the membrane, determine the stacking of active particles close to the kinked confinement and induce a diverse set of dynamical behaviors of the superstructure, including linear and circular motion both in the direction of, and opposite to, the kink. From a systematic study of these various behaviors, we design vesicles with switchable and reversible locomotions by tuning the confinement parameters. The observed phenomena suggest a promising mechanism for particle transportation and could be used as a basic element to navigate active matter through complex and tortuous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Y Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Philipp W A Schönhöfer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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3
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Alarcón-Correa M, Kilwing L, Peter F, Liedl T, Fischer P. Platinum-DNA Origami Hybrid Structures in Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300294. [PMID: 37640688 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The DNA origami technique allows fast and large-scale production of DNA nanostructures that stand out with an accurate addressability of their anchor points. This enables the precise organization of guest molecules on the surfaces and results in diverse functionalities. However, the compatibility of DNA origami structures with catalytically active matter, a promising pathway to realize autonomous DNA machines, has so far been tested only in the context of bio-enzymatic activity, but not in chemically harsh reaction conditions. The latter are often required for catalytic processes involving high-energy fuels. Here, we provide proof-of-concept data showing that DNA origami structures are stable in 5 % hydrogen peroxide solutions over the course of at least three days. We report a protocol to couple these to platinum nanoparticles and show catalytic activity of the hybrid structures. We suggest that the presented hybrid structures are suitable to realize catalytic nanomachines combined with precisely engineered DNA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alarcón-Correa
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luzia Kilwing
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Peter
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Liedl
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Liang Z, Joh H, Lian B, Fan DE. Light-stimulated micromotor swarms in an electric field with accurate spatial, temporal, and mode control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9932. [PMID: 37878697 PMCID: PMC10599615 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Swarming, a phenomenon widely present in nature, is a hallmark of nonequilibrium living systems that harness external energy into collective locomotion. The creation and study of manmade swarms may provide insights into their biological counterparts and shed light to the rules of life. Here, we propose an innovative mechanism for rationally creating multimodal swarms with unprecedented spatial, temporal, and mode control. The research is realized in a system made of optoelectric semiconductor nanorods that can rapidly morph into three distinct modes, i.e., network formation, collectively enhanced rotation, and droplet-like clustering, pattern, and switch in-between under light stimulation in an electric field. Theoretical analysis and semiquantitative modeling well explain the observation by understanding the competition between two countering effects: the electrostatic assembly for orderliness and electrospinning-induced disassembly for disorderliness. This work could inspire the rational creation of new classes of reconfigurable swarms for both fundamental research and emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Liang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hyungmok Joh
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bin Lian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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5
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Rey M, Volpe G, Volpe G. Light, Matter, Action: Shining Light on Active Matter. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:1188-1201. [PMID: 37215318 PMCID: PMC10197137 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Light carries energy and momentum. It can therefore alter the motion of objects on the atomic to astronomical scales. Being widely available, readily controllable, and broadly biocompatible, light is also an ideal tool to propel microscopic particles, drive them out of thermodynamic equilibrium, and make them active. Thus, light-driven particles have become a recent focus of research in the field of soft active matter. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances in the control of soft active matter with light, which has mainly been achieved using light intensity. We also highlight some first attempts to utilize light's additional properties, such as its wavelength, polarization, and momentum. We then argue that fully exploiting light with all of its properties will play a critical role in increasing the level of control over the actuation of active matter as well as the flow of light itself through it. This enabling step will advance the design of soft active matter systems, their functionalities, and their transfer toward technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Rey
- Physics
Department, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Physics
Department, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giorgio Volpe
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom
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6
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Wu R, Zhu Y, Cai X, Wu S, Xu L, Yu T. Recent Process in Microrobots: From Propulsion to Swarming for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1473. [PMID: 36144096 PMCID: PMC9503943 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, robots have assisted and contributed to the biomedical field. Scaling down the size of robots to micro/nanoscale can increase the accuracy of targeted medications and decrease the danger of invasive operations in human surgery. Inspired by the motion pattern and collective behaviors of the tiny biological motors in nature, various kinds of sophisticated and programmable microrobots are fabricated with the ability for cargo delivery, bio-imaging, precise operation, etc. In this review, four types of propulsion-magnetically, acoustically, chemically/optically and hybrid driven-and their corresponding features have been outlined and categorized. In particular, the locomotion of these micro/nanorobots, as well as the requirement of biocompatibility, transportation efficiency, and controllable motion for applications in the complex human body environment should be considered. We discuss applications of different propulsion mechanisms in the biomedical field, list their individual benefits, and suggest their potential growth paths.
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7
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Active Colloids on Fluid Interfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Domínguez A, Popescu MN. A fresh view on phoresis and self-phoresis. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Huang Y, Guo J, Li Y, Li H, Fan DE. 2D-Material-Integrated Micromachines: Competing Propulsion Strategy and Enhanced Bacterial Disinfection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203082. [PMID: 35656917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2D transition-metal-dichalcogenide materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) have received immense interest owing to their remarkable structure-endowed electronic, catalytic, and mechanical properties for applications in optoelectronics, energy storage, and wearable devices. However, 2D materials have been rarely explored in the field of micro/nanomachines, motors, and robots. Here, MoS2 with anatase TiO2 is successfully integrated into an original one-side-open hollow micromachine, which demonstrates increased light absorption of TiO2 -based micromachines to the visible region and the first observed motion acceleration in response to ionic media. Both experimentation and theoretical analysis suggest the unique type-II bandgap alignment of MoS2 /TiO2 heterojunction that accounts for the observed unique locomotion owing to a competing propulsion mechanism. Furthermore, by leveraging the chemical properties of MoS2 /TiO2 , the micromachines achieve sunlight-powered water disinfection with 99.999% Escherichia coli lysed in an hour. This research suggests abundant opportunities offered by 2D materials in the creation of a new class of micro/nanomachines and robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jianhe Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yufan Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Huaizhi Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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10
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Babu D, Katsonis N, Lancia F, Plamont R, Ryabchun A. Motile behaviour of droplets in lipid systems. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:377-388. [PMID: 37117430 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Motility is the capacity for living organisms to move autonomously and with purpose, and is essential to life. The transition from abiotic chemistry into motile cellular compartments has yet to be understood, but motile behaviour likely followed chemical evolution because primeval cell survival depended on scouting for resources effectively. Minimalistic motile systems provide an experimental framework to delineate the emergence mechanisms of such an evolutionary asset. In this Review, we discuss frontier developments in controlling the movement of droplets in lipid systems, in particular, chemotactic behaviours driven by fluctuations in interfacial tension, because of its simple mechanism and prebiotic relevance. Although most efforts have focused on designing oil droplet motility in lipid-rich aqueous solutions, we highlight that water droplets can also move in lipid-enriched oils. First, we describe how droplets evolve chemotactic motility in lipid systems. Next, we review how these oil droplets can adapt their movement to illumination conditions. Finally, we discuss examples where chemical reactivity brings complexity to motility. This work contributes to systems chemistry, where chemical reactions combined with physicochemical phenomena can yield new functions, such that a limited set of molecules can promote complex movement at larger functional scales by following the rules of molecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Babu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Katsonis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Federico Lancia
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Remi Plamont
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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11
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Droplets in underlying chemical communication recreate cell interaction behaviors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3047. [PMID: 35650217 PMCID: PMC9160030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory-motor interaction is a hallmark of living systems. However, developing inanimate systems with “recognize and attack” abilities remains challenging. On the other hand, controlling the inter-droplet dynamics on surfaces is key in microengineering and biomedical applications. We show here that a pair of droplets can become intelligently interactive (chemospecific stimulus-response inter-droplet autonomous operation) when placed on a nanoporous thin film surface. We find an attacker-victim-like non-reciprocal interaction between spatially separated droplets leading to an only-in-one shape instability that triggers a drop projection to selectively couple, resembling cellular phenomenologies such as pseudopod emission and phagocytic-like functions. The nanopore-driven underlying communication and associated chemical activity are the main physical ingredients behind the observed behavior. Our results reveal that basic features found in many living cell types can emerge from a simple two-droplet framework. This work is a promising step towards the design of microfluidic smart robotics and for origin-of-life protocell models. While a hallmark of living systems, developing sensory-motor interactions in inanimate systems remains challenging. Here, authors show that nanoporous surfaces can be used to create stimuli-responsive droplet interplay with shape transformation and complex behaviours reminiscent of living cell actions.
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12
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Kree R, Zippelius A. Mobilities of a drop and an encapsulated squirmer. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:15. [PMID: 35190887 PMCID: PMC8860840 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the dynamics of a spherical, uniaxial squirmer which is located inside a spherical liquid drop at general position [Formula: see text]. The squirmer is subject to an external force and torque in addition to the slip velocity on its surface. We have derived exact analytical expressions for the linear and rotational velocity of the squirmer as well as the linear velocity of the drop for general, non-axisymmetric configurations. The mobilities of both, squirmer and drop, are in general anisotropic, depending on the orientation of [Formula: see text], relative to squirmer axis, external force or torque. We discuss their dependence on the size of the squirmer, its distance from the center of the drop and the viscosities. Our results provide a framework for the discussion of the trajectories of the composite system of drop and enclosed squirmer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kree
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - A Zippelius
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Tanjeem N, Minnis MB, Hayward RC, Shields CW. Shape-Changing Particles: From Materials Design and Mechanisms to Implementation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105758. [PMID: 34741359 PMCID: PMC9579005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Demands for next-generation soft and responsive materials have sparked recent interest in the development of shape-changing particles and particle assemblies. Over the last two decades, a variety of mechanisms that drive shape change have been explored and integrated into particulate systems. Through a combination of top-down fabrication and bottom-up synthesis techniques, shape-morphing capabilities extend from the microscale to the nanoscale. Consequently, shape-morphing particles are rapidly emerging in a variety of contexts, including photonics, microfluidics, microrobotics, and biomedicine. Herein, the key mechanisms and materials that facilitate shape changes of microscale and nanoscale particles are discussed. Recent progress in the applications made possible by these particles is summarized, and perspectives on their promise and key open challenges in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Tanjeem
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Montana B Minnis
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Charles Wyatt Shields
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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14
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Joh H, Fan DE. Materials and Schemes of Multimodal Reconfigurable Micro/Nanomachines and Robots: Review and Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101965. [PMID: 34410023 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically programmable, reconfigurable micro/nanoscale materials that can dynamically change their mechanical properties or behaviors, or morph into distinct assemblies or swarms in response to stimuli have greatly piqued the interest of the science community due to their unprecedented potentials in both fundamental research and technological applications. To date, a variety of designs of hard and soft materials, as well as actuation schemes based on mechanisms including chemical reactions and magnetic, acoustic, optical, and electric stimuli, have been reported. Herein, state-of-the-art micro/nanostructures and operation schemes for multimodal reconfigurable micro/nanomachines and swarms, as well as potential new materials and working principles, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmok Joh
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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15
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Kichatov B, Korshunov A, Sudakov V, Gubernov V, Golubkov A, Kiverin A. Self-Organization of Active Droplets into Vortex-like Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9892-9900. [PMID: 34347492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural or artificial active objects can demonstrate mirror asymmetry of collective motion when they are moving coherently in a vortex. The majority of known cases related to the emergence of collective dynamical chirality are referred to as active objects with individual structure chirality and/or dynamical chirality. Here, we demonstrate that dynamically and structurally achiral active droplets can self-organize into vortex-like structures. Octane droplets dispersed in the aqueous solution of an anionic surfactant are activated with ammonia addition. The motion of droplets is due to the Marangoni flow emerging at the interfaces of the droplets. We found out that different modes of vortex motion of droplets in the emulsion can arise depending on the size of the region that confines the motion of the droplets and their number density and velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kichatov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Korshunov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sudakov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gubernov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Golubkov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Kiverin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow State Technical University by N.E. Bauman, 105005 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Zhang J, Song J, Mou F, Guan J, Sen A. Titania-Based Micro/Nanomotors: Design Principles, Biomimetic Collective Behavior, and Applications. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Wittmann M, Popescu MN, Domínguez A, Simmchen J. Active spheres induce Marangoni flows that drive collective dynamics. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:15. [PMID: 33683489 PMCID: PMC7940161 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-020-00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For monolayers of chemically active particles at a fluid interface, collective dynamics is predicted to arise owing to activity-induced Marangoni flow even if the particles are not self-propelled. Here, we test this prediction by employing a monolayer of spherically symmetric active [Formula: see text] particles located at an oil-water interface with or without addition of a nonionic surfactant. Due to the spherical symmetry, an individual particle does not self-propel. However, the gradients produced by the photochemical fuel degradation give rise to long-ranged Marangoni flows. For the case in which surfactant is added to the system, we indeed observe the emergence of collective motion, with dynamics dependent on the particle coverage of the monolayer. The experimental observations are discussed within the framework of a simple theoretical mean-field model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wittmann
- Technical University Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mihail N. Popescu
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alvaro Domínguez
- Física Teórica, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juliane Simmchen
- Technical University Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Wu C, Dai J, Li X, Gao L, Wang J, Liu J, Zheng J, Zhan X, Chen J, Cheng X, Yang M, Tang J. Ion-exchange enabled synthetic swarm. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:288-295. [PMID: 33432205 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Active matters are out-of-equilibrium systems that convert energy from the environment to mechanical motion. Non-reciprocal interaction between active matters may lead to collective intelligence beyond the capability of individuals. In nature, such emergent behaviours are ubiquitously observed in animal colonies, giving these species remarkable adaptive capability. In artificial systems, however, the emergence of non-trivial collective intelligent dynamics remains undiscovered. Here we show that a simple ion-exchange reaction can couple self-propelled ZnO nanorods and sulfonated polystyrene microbeads together. Chemical communication is established that enhances the reactivity and motion of both nanorods and the microbeads, resulting in the formation of an active swarm of nanorod-microbead complexes. We demonstrate that the swarm is capable of macroscopic phase segregation and intelligent consensus decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jizhuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingcheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijigng, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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Pradhan TK, Panigrahi PK. Vapor mediated interaction of two condensing droplets. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Domínguez A, Popescu MN, Rohwer CM, Dietrich S. Self-Motility of an Active Particle Induced by Correlations in the Surrounding Solution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:268002. [PMID: 33449719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.268002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current models of phoretic transport rely on molecular forces creating a "diffuse" particle-fluid interface. We investigate theoretically an alternative mechanism, in which a diffuse interface emerges solely due to a nonvanishing correlation length of the surrounding solution. This mechanism can drive self-motility of a chemically active particle. Numerical estimates indicate that the velocity can reach micrometers per second. The predicted phenomenology includes a bilinear dependence of the velocity on the activity and a possible double velocity reversal upon varying the correlation length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Domínguez
- Física Teórica, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M N Popescu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C M Rohwer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Mathematics & Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Dietrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Guo J, Liang Z, Huang Y, Kim K, Vandeventer P, Fan D. Acceleration of Biomolecule Enrichment and Detection with Rotationally Motorized Opto-Plasmonic Microsensors and the Working Mechanism. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15204-15215. [PMID: 33095572 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vigorous research efforts have advanced the state-of-the-art nanosensors with ultrahigh sensitivity for bioanalysis. However, a dilemmatic challenge remains: it is extremely difficult to obtain nanosensors that are both sensitive and high-speed for the detection of low-concentration molecules in aqueous samples. Herein, we report how the controlled mechanical rotation (or rotary motorization) of designed opto-plasmonic microsensors can substantially and robustly accelerate the enrichment and detection speed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with retained high sensitivity. At least 4-fold augmentation of the capture speed of DNA molecules is obtained from a microsensor rotating at 1200 rpm. Theoretical analysis and modeling shed light on the underlying working mechanism, governed by the molecule-motor-flow interaction as well as its application range and limitation. This work provides a device scheme that alleviates the dilemmatic challenge in biomolecule sensing and offers the understanding of the complex interactions of molecules and moving microobjects in suspension. The results may assist the rational design of efficient microrobotic systems for the capture, translocation, sensing, and release of biocargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhe Guo
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zexi Liang
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yun Huang
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kwanoh Kim
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Peter Vandeventer
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060, United States
| | - Donglei Fan
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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22
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Sprenger AR, Shaik VA, Ardekani AM, Lisicki M, Mathijssen AJTM, Guzmán-Lastra F, Löwen H, Menzel AM, Daddi-Moussa-Ider A. Towards an analytical description of active microswimmers in clean and in surfactant-covered drops. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2020; 43:58. [PMID: 32920676 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Geometric confinements are frequently encountered in the biological world and strongly affect the stability, topology, and transport properties of active suspensions in viscous flow. Based on a far-field analytical model, the low-Reynolds-number locomotion of a self-propelled microswimmer moving inside a clean viscous drop or a drop covered with a homogeneously distributed surfactant, is theoretically examined. The interfacial viscous stresses induced by the surfactant are described by the well-established Boussinesq-Scriven constitutive rheological model. Moreover, the active agent is represented by a force dipole and the resulting fluid-mediated hydrodynamic couplings between the swimmer and the confining drop are investigated. We find that the presence of the surfactant significantly alters the dynamics of the encapsulated swimmer by enhancing its reorientation. Exact solutions for the velocity images for the Stokeslet and dipolar flow singularities inside the drop are introduced and expressed in terms of infinite series of harmonic components. Our results offer useful insights into guiding principles for the control of confined active matter systems and support the objective of utilizing synthetic microswimmers to drive drops for targeted drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Sprenger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Vaseem A Shaik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maciej Lisicki
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arnold J T M Mathijssen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francisca Guzmán-Lastra
- Centro de Investigación DAiTA Lab, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Av. Manuel Montt 367, Providencia, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas M Menzel
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Abdallah Daddi-Moussa-Ider
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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