1
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Vernieri C, Ligorio F, Tripathy D, Longo VD. Cyclic fasting-mimicking diet in cancer treatment: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1644-1667. [PMID: 39059383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In preclinical tumor models, cyclic fasting and fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) produce antitumor effects that become synergistic when combined with a wide range of standard anticancer treatments while protecting normal tissues from treatment-induced adverse events. More recently, results of phase 1/2 clinical trials showed that cyclic FMD is safe, feasible, and associated with positive metabolic and immunomodulatory effects in patients with different tumor types, thus paving the way for larger clinical trials to investigate FMD anticancer activity in different clinical contexts. Here, we review the tumor-cell-autonomous and immune-system-mediated mechanisms of fasting/FMD antitumor effects, and we critically discuss new metabolic interventions that could synergize with nutrient starvation to boost its anticancer activity and prevent or reverse tumor resistance while minimizing toxicity to patients. Finally, we highlight potential future applications of FMD approaches in combination with standard anticancer strategies as well as strategies to implement the design and conduction of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology and Hematology-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology and Hematology-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1354, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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2
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Wu J, Shi Y, Zhou M, Chen M, Ji S, Liu X, Zhou M, Xia R, Zheng X, Wang W. Nutrient vitamins enabled metabolic regulation of ferroptosis via reactive oxygen species biology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1434088. [PMID: 39092216 PMCID: PMC11291210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1434088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are dietary components necessary for cellular metabolic balance, especially redox homeostasis; deficient or excessive supply may give rise to symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Exploring the nutritional and metabolic pathways of vitamins could contribute to uncovering the underlying pathogenesis of ferroptosis-associated diseases. This mini-review aims to provide insights into vitamins closely linked to the regulation of ferroptosis from the perspective of cellular reactive oxygen species biology. The mainstream reprogramming mechanisms of ferroptosis are overviewed, focusing on unique biological processes of iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, recent breakthroughs in therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis via fully utilizing vitamin-based pharmacological tools were overviewed, covering vitamins (B, C, E, and K). Finally, mechanism insight related to vitamin-associated nutrient signaling was provided, highlighting the pharmacological benefits of metabolically reprogramming ferroptosis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanting Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuying Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Xia
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Chen C, Han P, Qing Y. Metabolic heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment - A novel landmark for immunotherapy. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103579. [PMID: 39004158 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The surrounding non-cancer cells and tumor cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) have various metabolic rhythms. TME metabolic heterogeneity is influenced by the intricate network of metabolic control within and between cells. DNA, protein, transport, and microbial levels are important regulators of TME metabolic homeostasis. The effectiveness of immunotherapy is also closely correlated with alterations in TME metabolism. The response of a tumor patient to immunotherapy is influenced by a variety of variables, including intracellular metabolic reprogramming, metabolic interaction between cells, ecological changes within and between tumors, and general dietary preferences. Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have made great strides, their use in the accurate identification and treatment of tumors still has several limitations. The function of TME metabolic heterogeneity in tumor immunotherapy is summarized in this article. It focuses on how metabolic heterogeneity develops and is regulated as a tumor progresses, the precise molecular mechanisms and potential clinical significance of imbalances in intracellular metabolic homeostasis and intercellular metabolic coupling and interaction, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of targeted metabolism used in conjunction with immunotherapy. This offers insightful knowledge and important implications for individualized tumor patient diagnosis and treatment plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Han
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanping Qing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Hara T, Meng S, Motooka D, Sato H, Arao Y, Tsuji Y, Yabumoto T, Doki Y, Eguchi H, Uchida S, Ishii H. Fat and proteolysis due to methionine, tryptophan, and niacin deficiency leads to alterations in gut microbiota and immune modulation in inflammatory bowel disease. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2473-2485. [PMID: 38679799 PMCID: PMC11247612 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the intractable diseases. Nutritional components associated with IBD have been identified, and it is known that excessive methionine intake exacerbates inflammation, and that tryptophan metabolism is involved in inflammation. Analysis of the gut microbiota has also progressed, where Lactobacillus regulate immune cells in the intestine and suppress inflammation. However, whether the methionine and tryptophan metabolic pathways affect the growth of intestinal Lactobacillus is unknown. Here we show how transient methionine, tryptophan, and niacin deficiency affects the host and gut microbiota in mouse models of colitis (induced by dextran sodium sulfate) fed a methionine-deficient diet (1K), tryptophan and niacin-deficient diet (2K), or methionine, tryptophan, and niacin-deficient diet (3K). These diets induced body weight decrease and 16S rRNA analysis of mouse feces revealed the alterations in the gut microbiota, leading to a dramatic increase in the proportion of Lactobacillus in mice. Intestinal RNA sequencing data confirmed that the expression of several serine proteases and fat-metabolizing enzymes were elevated in mice fed with methionine, tryptophan, and niacin (MTN) deficient diet. In addition, one-carbon metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway activation were also induced with MTN deficiency. Furthermore, changes in the expression of various immune-related cytokines were observed. These results indicate that methionine, tryptophan, and niacin metabolisms are important for the composition of intestinal bacteria and host immunity. Taken together, MTN deficiencies may serve as a Great Reset of gut microbiota and host gene expression to return to good health.
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Grants
- 17cm0106414h0002 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP21lm0203007 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 18KK0251 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 19K22658 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20H00541 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K19526 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22H03146 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K19559 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 23K19505 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 23K18313 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 16H06279 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 2023 Takahashi Industrial and Economic Research Foundation
- 2021-48 Mitsubishi Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Hara
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sikun Meng
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Sato
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuko Arao
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tsuji
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yabumoto
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Kinshu-kai Medical Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Luo M, Wang Q, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Gu Y, Hu Z, Chen Q, Xu J, Chen S, Hou T, Feng L. Fasting-mimicking diet remodels gut microbiota and suppresses colorectal cancer progression. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:53. [PMID: 38918380 PMCID: PMC11199600 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression of colorectal cancer is closely associated with diet. Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) is a promising type of dietary intervention that have beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. We investigated the therapeutic effect of 4-day FMD against colorectal cancer in mice through immune cell analysis, microbiota composition analysis and anti-PD-1 treatment. These FMD cycles effectively suppressed colorectal cancer growth, reduced cell proliferation and angiogenesis, increased tumor-infiltration lymphocytes especially CD8+T cells. FMD stimulated protective gut microbiota, especially Lactobacillus. Supplementation of Lactobacillus johnsonii induced similar results as FMD intervention, which also suppressed tumor growth and increased CD45+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, FMD synthesizing with anti-PD-1 therapy effectively inhibited CRC progression. These findings suggest that Lactobacillus. johnsonii is necessary for the anticancer process of FMD in CRC. FMD through its effects on both gut microbiota and immune system, effectively suppressed colorectal cancer progression in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Wang
- Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrou Gu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhefang Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jilei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lijun Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Guo D, Liao Y, Na J, Wu L, Yin Y, Mi Z, Fang S, Liu X, Huang Y. The Involvement of Ascorbic Acid in Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:2295. [PMID: 38792156 PMCID: PMC11123810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC), also known as ascorbic acid, plays a crucial role as a water-soluble nutrient within the human body, contributing to a variety of metabolic processes. Research findings suggest that increased doses of VC demonstrate potential anti-tumor capabilities. This review delves into the mechanisms of VC absorption and its implications for cancer management. Building upon these foundational insights, we explore modern delivery systems for VC, evaluating its use in diverse cancer treatment methods. These include starvation therapy, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT), electrothermal therapy, immunotherapy, cellular reprogramming, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and various combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (D.G.); (Y.L.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (D.G.); (Y.L.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.M.); (S.F.)
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7
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Raucci F, Vernieri C, Di Tano M, Ligorio F, Blaževitš O, Lazzeri S, Shmahala A, Fragale G, Salvadori G, Varano G, Casola S, Buono R, Visco E, de Braud F, Longo VD. Cyclic Fasting-Mimicking Diet Plus Bortezomib and Rituximab Is an Effective Treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1133-1148. [PMID: 38241703 PMCID: PMC10982641 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) is an experimental nutritional intervention with potent antitumor activity in preclinical models of solid malignancies. FMD cycles are also safe and active metabolically and immunologically in cancer patients. Here, we reported on the outcome of FMD cycles in two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and investigated the effects of fasting and FMD cycles in preclinical CLL models. Fasting-mimicking conditions in murine CLL models had mild cytotoxic effects, which resulted in apoptosis activation mediated in part by lowered insulin and IGF1 concentrations. In CLL cells, fasting conditions promoted an increase in proteasome activity that served as a starvation escape pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of this escape mechanism with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib resulted in a strong enhancement of the proapoptotic effects of starvation conditions in vitro. In mouse CLL models, combining cyclic fasting/FMD with bortezomib and rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, delayed CLL progression and resulted in significant prolongation of mouse survival. Overall, the effect of proteasome inhibition in combination with FMD cycles in promoting CLL death supports the targeting of starvation escape pathways as an effective treatment strategy that should be tested in clinical trials. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells resist fasting-mimicking diet by inducing proteasome activation to escape starvation, which can be targeted using proteasome inhibition by bortezomib treatment to impede leukemia progression and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Raucci
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maira Di Tano
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Ligorio
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Blaževitš
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuel Lazzeri
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Fragale
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Salvadori
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Varano
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Buono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Euplio Visco
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter D. Longo
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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8
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Xiao YL, Gong Y, Qi YJ, Shao ZM, Jiang YZ. Effects of dietary intervention on human diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:59. [PMID: 38462638 PMCID: PMC10925609 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet, serving as a vital source of nutrients, exerts a profound influence on human health and disease progression. Recently, dietary interventions have emerged as promising adjunctive treatment strategies not only for cancer but also for neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. These interventions have demonstrated substantial potential in modulating metabolism, disease trajectory, and therapeutic responses. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignant progression, and a deeper understanding of this phenomenon in tumors and its effects on immune regulation is a significant challenge that impedes cancer eradication. Dietary intake, as a key environmental factor, can influence tumor metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that dietary interventions might affect the nutrient availability in tumors, thereby increasing the efficacy of cancer treatments. However, the intricate interplay between dietary interventions and the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases is complex. Despite encouraging results, the mechanisms underlying diet-based therapeutic strategies remain largely unexplored, often resulting in underutilization in disease management. In this review, we aim to illuminate the potential effects of various dietary interventions, including calorie restriction, fasting-mimicking diet, ketogenic diet, protein restriction diet, high-salt diet, high-fat diet, and high-fiber diet, on cancer and the aforementioned diseases. We explore the multifaceted impacts of these dietary interventions, encompassing their immunomodulatory effects, other biological impacts, and underlying molecular mechanisms. This review offers valuable insights into the potential application of these dietary interventions as adjunctive therapies in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Gong
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying-Jia Qi
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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9
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Dutta A, Thakur S, Dey DK, Kumar A. Cisplatin and Starvation Differently Sensitize Autophagy in Renal Carcinoma: A Potential Therapeutic Pathway to Target Variegated Drugs Resistant Cancerous Cells. Cells 2024; 13:471. [PMID: 38534315 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a powerful chemotherapy medication, has long been a cornerstone in the fight against cancer due to chemotherapeutic failure. The mechanism of cisplatin resistance/failure is a multifaceted and complex issue that consists mainly of apoptosis inhibition through autophagy sensitization. Currently, researchers are exploring ways to regulate autophagy in order to tip the balance in favor of effective chemotherapy. Based on this notion, the current study primarily identifies the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cisplatin-treated autophagic ACHN cells through the Illumina Hi-seq platform. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database and KEGG. GO classifiers were implicated to identify genes and their participating biological pathways. ClueGO, David, and MCODE detected ontological enrichment and sub-networking. The network topology was further examined using 12 different algorithms to identify top-ranked hub genes through the Cytoscape plugin Cytohubba to identify potential targets, which established profound drug efficacy under an autophagic environment. Considerable upregulation of genes related to autophagy and apoptosis suggests that autophagy boosts cisplatin efficacy in malignant ACHN cells with minimal harm to normal HEK-293 growth. Furthermore, the determination of cellular viability and apoptosis by AnnexinV/FITC-PI assay corroborates with in silico data, indicating the reliability of the bioinformatics method followed by qRT-PCR. Altogether, our data provide a clear molecular insight into drug efficacy under starved conditions to improve chemotherapy and will likely prompt more clinical trials on this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dutta
- Advanced Nanoscale Molecular Oncology Laboratory (ANMOL), Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Subarna Thakur
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasish Kumar Dey
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Advanced Nanoscale Molecular Oncology Laboratory (ANMOL), Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
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10
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Giuliani G, Longo VD. Ketone bodies in cell physiology and cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C948-C963. [PMID: 38189128 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00441.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs), fasting, or prolonged physical activity elevate serum ketone bodies (KBs) levels, providing an alternative fuel source for the brain and other organs. However, KBs play pleiotropic roles that go beyond their role in energy production. KBs can act as signaling metabolites, influence gene expression, proteins' posttranslational modifications (PTMs), inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we explore the impact of KBs on mammalian cell physiology, including aging and tissue regeneration. We also concentrate on KBs and cancer, given the extensive evidence that dietary approaches inducing ketosis, including fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) and KDs, can prevent cancer and affect tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giuliani
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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11
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Wang Y, Jia X, An S, Yin W, Huang J, Jiang X. Nanozyme-Based Regulation of Cellular Metabolism and Their Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301810. [PMID: 37017586 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is the sum of the enzyme-dependent chemical reactions, which produces energy in catabolic process and synthesizes biomass in anabolic process, exhibiting high similarity in mammalian cell, microbial cell, and plant cell. Consequently, the loss or gain of metabolic enzyme activity greatly affects cellular metabolism. Nanozymes, as emerging enzyme mimics with diverse functions and adjustable catalytic activities, have shown attractive potential for metabolic regulation. Although the basic metabolic tasks are highly similar for the cells from different species, the concrete metabolic pathway varies with the intracellular structure of different species. Here, the basic metabolism in living organisms is described and the similarities and differences in the metabolic pathways among mammalian, microbial, and plant cells and the regulation mechanism are discussed. The recent progress on regulation of cellular metabolism mainly including nutrient uptake and utilization, energy production, and the accompanied redox reactions by different kinds of oxidoreductases and their applications in the field of disease therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and sustainable agriculture is systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of nanozymes in regulating cell metabolism are also discussed, which broaden their application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaodan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shangjie An
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jiahao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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12
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Mecca M, Picerno S, Cortellino S. The Killer's Web: Interconnection between Inflammation, Epigenetics and Nutrition in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2750. [PMID: 38473997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key contributor to both the initiation and progression of tumors, and it can be triggered by genetic instability within tumors, as well as by lifestyle and dietary factors. The inflammatory response plays a critical role in the genetic and epigenetic reprogramming of tumor cells, as well as in the cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment. Cells in the microenvironment acquire a phenotype that promotes immune evasion, progression, and metastasis. We will review the mechanisms and pathways involved in the interaction between tumors, inflammation, and nutrition, the limitations of current therapies, and discuss potential future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisabel Mecca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Simona Picerno
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Responsible Research Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, CB, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Clinical and Translational Oncology, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy
- S.H.R.O. Italia Foundation ETS, 10060 Candiolo, TO, Italy
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13
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Fang G, Chen Q, Li J, Lian X, Shi D. The Diurnal Transcriptome Reveals the Reprogramming of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells Under a Time-Restricted Feeding-Mimicking Regimen. J Nutr 2024; 154:354-368. [PMID: 38065409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processes of tumor growth and circadian rhythm are intimately intertwined; thus, rewiring circadian metabolism by time-restricted feeding (TRF) may contribute to delaying carcinogenesis. However, research on the effect of a TRF cellular regimen on cancer is lacking. OBJECTIVE Investigate the circadian signatures of TRF in lung cancer in vitro. METHODS We first developed a cellular paradigm mimicking in vivo TRF and collected cells for transcriptome analysis. We further confirmed the effect on tumor cells upon 6-h TRF-mimicking (6-h TRFM) by real-time PCR, Lumicycle experiments, CCK-8, and flow cytometry assays. RESULTS We found that A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells treated with 6-h TRFM conditions displayed robust diurnal rhythms of transcriptomes, as well as modulation of the core clock genes relative to other different cellular regimens used in this study, including the fasting-mimicking conditions (ie, short-term starvation) and the serum-free regime. Notably, pathway analysis of oscillating genes exclusively in 6-h TRFM showed that some circadian genes were enriched in tumor-related pathways, such as the oxytocin signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Moreover, in line with the circadian pathway enrichment results, 6-h TRFM robustly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, lung adenocarcinoma H460 cells, esophageal carcinoma Eca-109 cells, and breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first in vitro mimicking medium for TRF intervention and indicate that 6-h TRFM is sufficient to reprogram the circadian signatures of lung adenocarcinoma cells and inhibit the progression of multiple tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qianyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jianling Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Lian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China; Research Center for Environment and Population Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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14
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Wang R, Lv X, Xu W, Li X, Tang X, Huang H, Yang M, Ma S, Wang N, Niu Y. Effects of the periodic fasting-mimicking diet on health, lifespan, and multiple diseases: a narrative review and clinical implications. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae003. [PMID: 38287649 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction and fasting have been recognized for their beneficial effects on health and lifespan and their potential application in managing chronic metabolic diseases. However, long-term adherence to strict dietary restrictions and prolonged fasting poses challenges for most individuals and may lead to unhealthy rebound eating habits, negatively affecting overall health. As a result, a periodic fasting-mimicking diet (PFMD), involving cycles of fasting for 2 or more days while ensuring basic nutritional needs are met within a restricted caloric intake, has gained widespread acceptance. Current research indicates that a PFMD can promote stem cell regeneration, suppress inflammation, extend the health span of rodents, and improve metabolic health, among other effects. In various disease populations such as patients with diabetes, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease, a PFMD has shown efficacy in alleviating disease symptoms and improving relevant markers. After conducting an extensive analysis of available research on the PFMD, it is evident that its advantages and potential applications are comparable to other fasting methods. Consequently, it is proposed in this review that a PFMD has the potential to fully replace water-only or very-low-energy fasting regimens and holds promise for application across multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohua Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuanfeng Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengxia Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuran Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yucun Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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15
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Lin X, Gao Y. A bibliometric analysis of the Fasting-Mimicking Diet. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1328450. [PMID: 38321992 PMCID: PMC10844425 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1328450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) is a nutritional strategy that involves significantly reducing calorie intake for a specific period to mimic the physiological effects of fasting while still providing the body with nutrition. Our study aimed to conduct a bibliometric study to explore the latest publishing trends and areas of intense activity within the sphere of FMD. We extracted data on FMD publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. The bibliometric analysis was conducted by WOSCC Online Analysis Platform and VOSviewer 1.6.16. In total, there were 169 publications by 945 authors from 342 organizations and 25 countries/regions, and published in 111 journals. The most productive country, organization, author, and journal were the United States, the University of Southern California, Valter D. Longo, and Nutrients, respectively. The first high-cited document was published in Ageing Research Reviews and authored by Mattson et al. In this study, they discuss the various health benefits of FMD including improved metabolic health, weight management, and even potential effects on delaying aging processes and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. In conclusion, our study is the first bibliometric analysis of the FMD. The main research hotspots and frontiers were FMD for cancer, FMD for metabolic-related diseases, and FMD for cognitive improvement. FMD may have some potential benefits for multiple diseases which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Mishra A, Giuliani G, Longo VD. Nutrition and dietary restrictions in cancer prevention. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189063. [PMID: 38147966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The composition and pattern of dietary intake have emerged as key factors influencing aging, regeneration, and consequently, healthspan and lifespan. Cancer is one of the major diseases more tightly linked with aging, and age-related mortality. Although the role of nutrition in cancer incidence is generally well established, we are far from a consensus on how diet influences tumour development in different tissues. In this review, we will discuss how diet and dietary restrictions affect cancer risk and the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for their effects. We will cover calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, prolonged fasting, fasting-mimicking diet, time-restricted eating, ketogenic diet, high protein diet, Mediterranean diet, and the vegan and vegetarian diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Mishra
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Giacomo Giuliani
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
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17
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Adibi A, Tokat ÜM, Özgü E, Aydın E, Demiray İ, Demiray M. PARP inhibitor combinations with high-dose vitamin C in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma: two case reports and mechanistic overview. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231213841. [PMID: 38107827 PMCID: PMC10725144 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231213841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a bone and soft tissue tumor that mainly occurs at a young age. The underlying cause of Ewing's sarcoma is the formation of fusion proteins between FET family genes and ETS family genes. Tumors with FET/ETS fusion genes can have defects in the DNA damage response and are sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). However, several studies have shown that PARPi alone is not sufficient to induce a meaningful antitumor response and that combinations of DNA-damaging agents with PARPi are required to achieve efficacy. Accordingly, preclinical studies have reported dramatic responses to PARPi treatment in combination with DNA-damaging agents such as temozolomide or irinotecan. Similarly, it has been previously reported that by generating reactive oxygen species, high-dose intravenous vitamin C (IVC) can induce DNA damage. This suggests that the combination of IVC with PARPi may increase genotoxic stress and enhance the antitumor response. In addition, unlike chemotherapeutic agents, IVC induces DNA damage selectively in cancer cells, and the side effects are significantly milder than those of chemotherapy. As ETS fusion-positive ES is deficient in faithful DNA repair, partly due to the interaction between ETS fusion products and PARP1, a PARPi plus IVC seems to be a logical and effective combination for the treatment of ETS fusion-positive ES. This paper reports significant responses to IVC (1-1.5 g/kg) in combination with PARPi (olaparib 300 mg BID or talazoparib 1 mg/day) in two patients with metastatic Ewing's sarcoma. The observations highlight an unmet therapeutic need for patients with advanced metastatic ES. The combination of PARPi with a selective DNA-damaging agent was effective in these cases. This case experience suggests that IVC may be incorporated into PARPi-based therapeutic strategies. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this combination in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma with ETS fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Adibi
- Center of Precision Oncology, Medicana International Hospitals, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ünal Metin Tokat
- Center of Precision Oncology, Medicana International Hospitals, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Eylül Özgü
- Center of Precision Oncology, Medicana International Hospitals, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esranur Aydın
- Center of Precision Oncology, Medicana International Hospitals, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - İrem Demiray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Science, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mutlu Demiray
- Center of Precision Oncology, Medicana International Hospitals, Küçükbakkalköy, Vedat Günyol Cd. No: 24, Atasehir, Istanbul 34750, Türkiye
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18
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Shi S, Wang K, Ugai T, Giannakis M, Cazaubiel J, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Nowak JA, Meyerhardt JA, Ogino S, Song M. Vitamin C intake and colorectal cancer survival according to KRAS and BRAF mutation: a prospective study in two US cohorts. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1793-1800. [PMID: 37775523 PMCID: PMC10667518 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of vitamin C intake with colorectal cancer (CRC) survival according to tumour KRAS or BRAF mutation status remain unclear. METHODS We used the inverse probability weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality, and spline analysis to evaluate the dose-response relationship in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We also assessed SLC2A1 mRNA expression according to KRAS or BRAF mutation in the TCGA database. RESULTS During an average of 12.0 years of follow-up, we documented 2,096 CRC cases, of which 703 cases had KRAS and BRAF mutation data. The association between total vitamin C intake and CRC-specific mortality suggestively differed according to KRAS or BRAF mutation status (Pinteraction = 0.04), with the multivariable HR (95% CI) per 400 mg/day increase in vitamin C intake for CRC-specific mortality of 1.07 (0.87-1.32, Ptrend = 0.52) in cases with both wild type and 0.74 (0.55-1.00, Ptrend < 0.05) in cases with either KRAS or BRAF mutant type. TCGA analysis showed a higher mRNA SLC2A1 expression in KRAS or BRAF-mutated tumours than in wild-type tumours (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our findings support the laboratory evidence for a potential benefit of vitamin C for CRC patients with KRAS or BRAF mutated tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jules Cazaubiel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Zhong Z, Zhang H, Nan K, Zhong J, Wu Q, Lu L, Yue Y, Zhang Z, Guo M, Wang Z, Xia J, Xing Y, Fu Y, Yu B, Zhou W, Sun X, Shen Y, Chen W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Ma D, Chu Y, Liu R, Miao C. Fasting-Mimicking Diet Drives Antitumor Immunity against Colorectal Cancer by Reducing IgA-Producing Cells. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3529-3543. [PMID: 37602826 PMCID: PMC10618736 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
As a safe, feasible, and inexpensive dietary intervention, fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) exhibits excellent antitumor efficacy by regulating metabolism and boosting antitumor immunity. A better understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying the immunoregulatory functions of FMD could help improve and expand the clinical application of FMD-mediated immunotherapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of metabolic reprogramming induced by FMD in activation of antitumor immunity against colorectal cancer. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of intratumoral immune cells revealed that tumor-infiltrating IgA+ B cells were significantly reduced by FMD treatment, leading to the activation of antitumor immunity and tumor regression in murine colorectal cancer models. Mechanistically, FMD delayed tumor growth by repressing B-cell class switching to IgA. Therefore, FMD-induced reduction of IgA+ B cells overcame the suppression of CD8+ T cells. The immunoregulatory and antitumor effects of FMD intervention were reversed by IgA+ B-cell transfer. Moreover, FMD boosted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to trigger RUNX3 acetylation, thus inactivating Cα gene transcription and IgA class switching. IgA+ B-cell expansion was also impeded in patients placed on FMD, while B-cell expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A), the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, was increased. Furthermore, CPT1A expression was negatively correlated with both IgA+ B cells and IgA secretion within colorectal cancer. Together, these results highlight that FMD holds great promise for treating colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the degree of IgA+ B cell infiltration and FAO-associated metabolic status are potential biomarkers for evaluating FMD efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic reprogramming of B cells induced by fasting-mimicking diet suppresses IgA class switching and production to activate antitumor immunity and inhibit tumor growth. See related commentary by Bush and Perry, p. 3493.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baichao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingfeng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
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Ligorio F, Provenzano L, Vernieri C. Fasting-mimicking diet: a metabolic approach for the treatment of breast cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:491-499. [PMID: 37621169 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic reprogramming is a new and potentially targetable hallmark of cancer. In recent years, fasting and fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) have been tested as anticancer strategies both in preclinical experiments and in clinical trials. In this review, we aim at summarizing the available evidence about the antitumour activity of these approaches in preclinical breast cancer models, as well as results from clinical trials investigating fasting/FMD in breast cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical evidence demonstrated that nutrient deprivation boosts the antitumor activity of chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HR+/HER2 models through both cell-autonomous antitumour effects in cancer cells and favourable modifications in intratumor immune cells. Several clinical experiences demonstrated that fasting/FMD is feasible and well tolerated in combination with standard treatments in BC patients, and that it could reduce chemotherapy-related toxicities. Finally, despite the absence of randomized trials demonstrating the antitumor activity of fasting/FMD in breast cancer patients, preliminary clinical reports suggest that this experimental nutritional strategy may enhance chemotherapy activity. Randomized clinical trials are ongoing to validate these results at a larger scale. SUMMARY Fasting/FMD is a promising therapeutic approach in patients with breast cancer; ongoing and future trials will confirm their role in improving breast cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
- Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Provenzano
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
- Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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21
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Khalifa A, Guijarro A, Ravera S, Bertola N, Adorni MP, Papotti B, Raffaghello L, Benelli R, Becherini P, Namatalla A, Verzola D, Reverberi D, Monacelli F, Cea M, Pisciotta L, Bernini F, Caffa I, Nencioni A. Cyclic fasting bolsters cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors' anticancer activity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6951. [PMID: 37907500 PMCID: PMC10618279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying oncological applications for drugs that are already approved for other medical indications is considered a possible solution for the increasing costs of cancer treatment. Under the hypothesis that nutritional stress through fasting might enhance the antitumour properties of at least some non-oncological agents, by screening drug libraries, we find that cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs), including simvastatin, have increased activity against cancers of different histology under fasting conditions. We show fasting's ability to increase CBIs' antitumour effects to depend on the reduction in circulating insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin, which blunts the expression of enzymes from the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and enhances cholesterol efflux from cancer cells. Ultimately, low cholesterol levels through combined fasting and CBIs reduce AKT and STAT3 activity, oxidative phosphorylation and energy stores in the tumour. Our results support further studies of CBIs in combination with fasting-based dietary regimens in cancer treatment and highlight the value of fasting for drug repurposing in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ana Guijarro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nadia Bertola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lizzia Raffaghello
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Benelli
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pamela Becherini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Asmaa Namatalla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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22
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Li T, Yue Y, Ma Y, Zhong Z, Guo M, Zhang J, Wang Z, Miao C. Fasting-mimicking diet alleviates inflammatory pain by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps formation and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:250. [PMID: 37735678 PMCID: PMC10512659 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote neuroinflammation and, thus, central nervous system (CNS) disease progression. However, it remains unclear whether CNS-associated NETs affect pain outcomes. A fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) alleviates neurological disorders by attenuating neuroinflammation and promoting nerve regeneration. Hence, in this study, we explore the role of NETs in the CNS during acute pain and investigate the role of FMD in inhibiting NETs and relieving pain. METHODS The inflammatory pain model was established by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paw of mice. The FMD diet regimen was performed during the perioperative period. PAD4 siRNA or CI-amidine (PAD4 inhibitor) was used to inhibit the formation of NETs. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) knockdown occurred by AAV-GFAP-shRNA or AAV-hSyn-shRNA or was inhibited by selegiline (an MAO-B inhibitor). The changes in NETs, neuroinflammation, and related signaling pathways were examined by western blot, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and flow cytometry. RESULTS In the acute phase of inflammatory pain, NETs accumulate in the spinal cords of mice. This is associated with exacerbated neuroinflammation. Meanwhile, inhibition of NETs formation alleviates allodynia and neuroinflammation in CFA mice. FMD inhibits NETs production and alleviates inflammatory pain, which is enhanced by treatment with the NETs inhibitor CI-amidine, and reversed by treatment with the NETs inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Mechanistically, the neutrophil-recruiting pathway MAO-B/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) / G-protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) and NETs-inducing pathway MAO-B/ Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are significantly upregulated during the development of inflammatory pain. MAO-B is largely expressed in astrocytes and neurons in the spinal cords of CFA mice. However, knockdown or inhibition of MAO-B effectively attenuates CFA-induced inflammatory pain, NETs formation, and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Moreover, within rescue experiments, MAO-B inhibitors synergistically enhance FMD-induced pain relief, NETs inhibition, and neuroinflammation attenuation, whereas supplementation with MAO-B downstream molecules (i.e., 5-HIAA and PMA) abolished this effect. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil-released NETs in the spinal cord contribute to pain development. FMD inhibits NETs formation and NETs-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the MAO-B/5-HIAA/GPR35 and MAO-B/ROS pathways in astrocytes and neurons, thereby relieving pain progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
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23
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Cortellino S, Longo VD. Metabolites and Immune Response in Tumor Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3898. [PMID: 37568713 PMCID: PMC10417674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodeled cancer cell metabolism affects the tumor microenvironment and promotes an immunosuppressive state by changing the levels of macro- and micronutrients and by releasing hormones and cytokines that recruit immunosuppressive immune cells. Novel dietary interventions such as amino acid restriction and periodic fasting mimicking diets can prevent or dampen the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment by acting systemically on the release of hormones and growth factors, inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and remodeling the tumor vasculature and extracellular matrix. Here, we discuss the latest research on the effects of these therapeutic interventions on immunometabolism and tumor immune response and future scenarios pertaining to how dietary interventions could contribute to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| | - Valter D. Longo
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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24
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He X, Wei Y, Wu J, Wang Q, Bergholz JS, Gu H, Zou J, Lin S, Wang W, Xie S, Jiang T, Lee J, Asara JM, Zhang K, Cantley LC, Zhao JJ. Lysine vitcylation is a novel vitamin C-derived protein modification that enhances STAT1-mediated immune response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546774. [PMID: 37425798 PMCID: PMC10327172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (vitC) is a vital nutrient for health and also used as a therapeutic agent in diseases such as cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying vitC's effects remain elusive. Here we report that vitC directly modifies lysine without enzymes to form vitcyl-lysine, termed "vitcylation", in a dose-, pH-, and sequence-dependent manner across diverse proteins in cells. We further discover that vitC vitcylates K298 site of STAT1, which impairs its interaction with the phosphatase PTPN2, preventing STAT1 Y701 dephosphorylation and leading to increased STAT1-mediated IFN pathway activation in tumor cells. As a result, these cells have increased MHC/HLA class-I expression and activate immune cells in co-cultures. Tumors collected from vitC-treated tumor-bearing mice have enhanced vitcylation, STAT1 phosphorylation and antigen presentation. The identification of vitcylation as a novel PTM and the characterization of its effect in tumor cells opens a new avenue for understanding vitC in cellular processes, disease mechanisms, and therapeutics.
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25
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Maragkakis M, Malla S, Hatzoglou M, Trifunovic A, Glick AB, Finkel T, Longo VD, Kaushik S, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Lithgow GJ, Naidoo N, Booth LN, Payea MJ, Herman AB, de Cabo R, Wilson DM, Ferrucci L, Gorospe M. Biology of Stress Responses in Aging. AGING BIOLOGY 2023; 1:20230002. [PMID: 38500537 PMCID: PMC10947073 DOI: 10.59368/agingbio.20230001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
On April 28th, 2022, a group of scientific leaders gathered virtually to discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms of responses to stress. Conditions of acute, high-intensity stress are well documented to induce a series of adaptive responses that aim to promote survival until the stress has dissipated and then guide recovery. However, high-intensity or persistent stress that goes beyond the cell's compensatory capacity are countered with resilience strategies that are not completely understood. These adaptative strategies, which are an essential component of the study of aging biology, were the theme of the meeting. Specific topics discussed included mechanisms of proteostasis, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the integrated stress response (ISR), as well as mitochondrial stress and lysosomal stress responses. Attention was also given to regulatory mechanisms and associated biological processes linked to age-related conditions, such as muscle loss and regeneration, cancer, senescence, sleep quality, and degenerative disease, with a general focus on the relevance of stress responses to frailty. We summarize the concepts and potential future directions that emerged from the discussion and highlight their relevance to the study of aging and age-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Maragkakis
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sulochan Malla
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Adam B Glick
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Toren Finkel
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Valter D Longo
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Gordon J Lithgow
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lauren N Booth
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Matthew J Payea
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Allison B Herman
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - David M Wilson
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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26
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Donati G, Nicoli P, Verrecchia A, Vallelonga V, Croci O, Rodighiero S, Audano M, Cassina L, Ghsein A, Binelli G, Boletta A, Mitro N, Amati B. Oxidative stress enhances the therapeutic action of a respiratory inhibitor in MYC-driven lymphoma. EMBO Mol Med 2023:e16910. [PMID: 37158102 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC is a key oncogenic driver in multiple tumor types, but concomitantly endows cancer cells with a series of vulnerabilities that provide opportunities for targeted pharmacological intervention. For example, drugs that suppress mitochondrial respiration selectively kill MYC-overexpressing cells. Here, we unravel the mechanistic basis for this synthetic lethal interaction and exploit it to improve the anticancer effects of the respiratory complex I inhibitor IACS-010759. In a B-lymphoid cell line, ectopic MYC activity and treatment with IACS-010759 added up to induce oxidative stress, with consequent depletion of reduced glutathione and lethal disruption of redox homeostasis. This effect could be enhanced either with inhibitors of NADPH production through the pentose phosphate pathway, or with ascorbate (vitamin C), known to act as a pro-oxidant at high doses. In these conditions, ascorbate synergized with IACS-010759 to kill MYC-overexpressing cells in vitro and reinforced its therapeutic action against human B-cell lymphoma xenografts. Hence, complex I inhibition and high-dose ascorbate might improve the outcome of patients affected by high-grade lymphomas and potentially other MYC-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Donati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Nicoli
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Ottavio Croci
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Audano
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cassina
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Aya Ghsein
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Binelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Nico Mitro
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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27
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Fan D, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu P, Zhong L, Lin F. Cell signaling pathways based on vitamin C and their application in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114695. [PMID: 37058822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, a small organic molecule, is widely found in fruits and vegetables and is an essential nutrient in the human body. Vitamin C is closely associated with some human diseases such as cancer. Many studies have shown that high doses of vitamin C have anti-tumor ability and can target tumor cells in multiple targets. This review will describe vitamin C absorption and its function in cancer treatment. We will review the cellular signaling pathways associated with vitamin C against tumors depending on the different anti-cancer mechanisms. Based on this, we will further describe some applications of the use of vitamin C for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials and the possible adverse events that can occur. Finally, this review also assesses the prospective advantages of vitamin C in oncology treatment and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianfa Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Faquan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.
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28
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Yin Y, Yan Y, Fan B, Huang W, Zhang J, Hu HY, Li X, Xiong D, Chou SL, Xiao Y, Wang H. Novel Combination Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer based on an Intelligent Hollow Carbon Sphere. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0098. [PMID: 37223478 PMCID: PMC10202191 DOI: 10.34133/research.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with high mortality, and the efficacy of monotherapy for TNBC is still disappointing. Here, we developed a novel combination therapy for TNBC based on a multifunctional nanohollow carbon sphere. This intelligent material contains a superadsorbed silicon dioxide sphere, sufficient loading space, a nanoscale hole on its surface, a robust shell, and an outer bilayer, and it could load both programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) small-molecule immune checkpoints and small-molecule photosensitizers with excellent loading contents, protect these small molecules during the systemic circulation, and achieve accumulation of them in tumor sites after systemic administration followed by the application of laser irradiation, thereby realizing dual attack of photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy on tumors. Importantly, we integrated the fasting-mimicking diet condition that can further enhance the cellular uptake efficiency of nanoparticles in tumor cells and amplify the immune responses, further enhancing the therapeutic effect. Thus, a novel combination therapy "PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade + photodynamic therapy + fasting-mimicking diet"was developed with the aid of our materials, which eventually achieved a marked therapeutic effect in 4T1-tumor-bearing mice. The concept can also be applied to the clinical treatment of human TNBC with guiding significance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Xinzheng 451191, China
| | - Biao Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Yan Hu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dongbin Xiong
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 415000, China
| | - Shu-Lei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Blaževitš O, Di Tano M, Longo VD. Fasting and fasting mimicking diets in cancer prevention and therapy. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:212-222. [PMID: 36646607 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fasting mimicking diets (FMDs) are emerging as effective dietary interventions with the potential to improve healthspan and decrease the incidence of cancer and other age-related diseases. Unlike chronic dietary restrictions or water-only fasting, FMDs represent safer and less challenging options for cancer patients. FMD cycles increase protection in healthy cells while sensitizing cancer cells to various therapies, partly by generating complex environments that promote differential stress resistance (DSR) and differential stress sensitization (DSS), respectively. More recent data indicate that FMD cycles enhance the efficacy of a range of drugs targeting different cancers in mice by stimulating antitumor immunity. Here, we report on the effects of FMD cycles on cancer prevention and treatment and the mechanisms implicated in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Blaževitš
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Maira Di Tano
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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30
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Tang D, Tang Q, Huang W, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Fu X. Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204487. [PMID: 36737846 PMCID: PMC10037992 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition is a risk factor for various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Therefore, targeting overnutrition represents a simple but attractive strategy for the treatment of these increasing public health threats. Fasting as a dietary intervention for combating overnutrition has been extensively studied. Fasting has been practiced for millennia, but only recently have its roles in the molecular clock, gut microbiome, and tissue homeostasis and function emerged. Fasting can slow aging in most species and protect against various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. These centuried and unfading adventures and explorations suggest that fasting has the potential to delay aging and help prevent and treat diseases while minimizing side effects caused by chronic dietary interventions. In this review, recent animal and human studies concerning the role and underlying mechanism of fasting in physiology and pathology are summarized, the therapeutic potential of fasting is highlighted, and the combination of pharmacological intervention and fasting is discussed as a new treatment regimen for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Qiuyan Tang
- Neurology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Clinical MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan610075China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Centre of Excellence for PancreatitisInstitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
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31
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Liu X, Peng S, Tang G, Xu G, Xie Y, Shen D, Zhu M, Huang Y, Wang X, Yu H, Huang M, Luo Y. Fasting-mimicking diet synergizes with ferroptosis against quiescent, chemotherapy-resistant cells. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104496. [PMID: 36863257 PMCID: PMC9996234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than ten randomized clinical trials are being tested to evaluate the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) combined with different antitumor agents. METHODS UMI-mRNA sequencing, Cell-cycle analysis, Label retention, metabolomics, Multilabeling et al. were used to explore mechanisms. A tandem mRFP-GFP-tagged LC3B, Annexin-V-FITC Apoptosis, TUNEL, H&E, Ki-67 and animal model was used to search for synergistic drugs. FINDINGS Here we showed that fasting or FMD retards tumor growth more effectively but does not increase 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin (5-FU/OXA) sensitivity to apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CRC cells would switch from an active proliferative to a slow-cycling state during fasting. Furthermore, metabolomics shows cell proliferation was decreased to survive nutrient stress in vivo, as evidenced by a low level of adenosine and deoxyadenosine monophosphate. CRC cells would decrease proliferation to achieve increased survival and relapse after chemotherapy. In addition, these fasting-induced quiescent cells were more prone to develop drug-tolerant persister (DTP) tumor cells postulated to be responsible for cancer relapse and metastasis. Then, UMI-mRNA sequencing uncovered the ferroptosis pathway as the pathway most influenced by fasting. Combining fasting with ferroptosis inducer treatment leads to tumor inhibition and eradication of quiescent cells by boosting autophagy. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that ferroptosis could improve the antitumor activity of FMD + chemotherapy and highlight a potential therapeutic opportunity to avoid DTP cells-driven tumor relapse and therapy failure. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China.
| | - Shaoyong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guannan Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Gaopo Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Yumo Xie
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Dingcheng Shen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Mingxuan Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Yaoyi Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China.
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Combined time-restricted feeding and cisplatin enhance the anti-tumor effects in cisplatin-resistant and -sensitive lung cancer cells. Med Oncol 2023; 40:63. [PMID: 36576605 PMCID: PMC9797463 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy as an important treatment option for lung cancer has been attracting attention due to the primary and acquired resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs in the clinical application. In the present study, as a new therapy strategy, concomitant treatment with time-restricted feeding (TRF) plus cisplatin (DDP) on lung cancer growth was investigated in DDP-resistant and DDP-sensitive lung cancer cells. We first found that TRF significantly enhanced the drug susceptibility of DDP in DDP-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) cell line, illustrated by reversing the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of A549/DDP cells to normal level of parental A549 cells. We also found that TRF markedly enhanced DDP inhibition on cell proliferation, migration, as well as promoted apoptosis compared to the DDP alone group in A549, H460 and A549/DDP cells lines. We further revealed that the synergistic anti-tumor effect of combined DDP and TRF was greater than that of combined DDP and simulated fasting condition (STS), a known anti-tumor cellular medium. Moreover, mRNA sequence analysis from A549/DDP cell line demonstrated the synergistic anti-tumor effect involved in upregulated pathways in p53 signaling pathway and apoptosis. Notably, compared with the DDP alone group, combination of TRF and DDP robustly upregulated the P53 protein expression without mRNA level change by regulating its stability via promoting protein synthesis and inhibiting degradation, revealed by cycloheximide and MG132 experiments. Collectively, our results suggested that TRF in combination with cisplatin might be an additional novel therapeutic strategy for patients with lung cancer.
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Huang L, Li W, Lu Y, Ju Q, Ouyang M. Iron metabolism in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1098501. [PMID: 36910614 PMCID: PMC9992732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1098501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron, as one of the essential trace elements in the human body, is involved in a wide range of critical biochemical reactions and physiological processes, including the maintenance of the normal cell cycle, mitochondrial function, nucleotide metabolism, and immune response. In this context, iron is naturally associated with cancer occurrence. Cellular iron deficiency can induce apoptosis, however, iron can also engage in potentially harmful reactions that produce free radicals because of its capacity to gain and lose electrons. Studies suggest that dietary iron, particularly heme iron, may be one of the leading causes of colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, patients with CRC have abnormal iron absorption, storage, utilization, and exportation. Therefore, iron is crucial for the development and progression of CRC. Elaborating on the alterations in iron metabolism during the onset and advancement of CRC would help to further explain the role and mechanism of iron inside the body. Thus, we reviewed the alterations in numerous iron metabolism-related molecules and their roles in CRC, which may provide new clues between iron metabolism and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luji Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangji Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong, China
| | - Qinuo Ju
- Guangdong Country Garden School, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhao Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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34
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Buono R, Alhaddad M, Fruman DA. Novel pharmacological and dietary approaches to target mTOR in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1162694. [PMID: 37124486 PMCID: PMC10140551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1162694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk subtypes of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) are frequently associated with aberrant activation of tyrosine kinases (TKs). These include Ph+ B-ALL driven by BCR-ABL, and Ph-like B-ALL that carries other chromosomal rearrangements and/or gene mutations that activate TK signaling. Currently, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) dasatinib is added to chemotherapy as standard of care in Ph+ B-ALL, and TKIs are being tested in clinical trials for Ph-like B-ALL. However, growth factors and nutrients in the leukemia microenvironment can support cell cycle and survival even in cells treated with TKIs targeting the driving oncogene. These stimuli converge on the kinase mTOR, whose elevated activity is associated with poor prognosis. In preclinical models of Ph+ and Ph-like B-ALL, mTOR inhibitors strongly enhance the anti-leukemic efficacy of TKIs. Despite this strong conceptual basis for targeting mTOR in B-ALL, the first two generations of mTOR inhibitors tested clinically (rapalogs and mTOR kinase inhibitors) have not demonstrated a clear therapeutic window. The aim of this review is to introduce new therapeutic strategies to the management of Ph-like B-ALL. We discuss novel approaches to targeting mTOR in B-ALL with potential to overcome the limitations of previous mTOR inhibitor classes. One approach is to apply third-generation bi-steric inhibitors that are selective for mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) and show preclinical efficacy with intermittent dosing. A distinct, non-pharmacological approach is to use nutrient restriction to target signaling and metabolic dependencies in malignant B-ALL cells. These two new approaches could potentiate TKI efficacy in Ph-like leukemia and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Buono
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: David A. Fruman, ; Roberta Buono,
| | - Muneera Alhaddad
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA, United States
| | - David A. Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: David A. Fruman, ; Roberta Buono,
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35
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Bibi K, Shah MH. Elemental Analysis of Laryngeal Cancer Patients in Comparison with Controls Using Scalp Hair as an Analytical Tool. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03468-0. [PMID: 36355263 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer, a rare form of head and neck cancer, is more common in men, and various factors play important roles in its etiology. In the current study, trace elemental contents in the scalp hair of laryngeal cancer patients and healthy subjects were evaluated. Selected essential and toxic elements were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after the hair samples were digested with HNO3-HClO4. The mean/median levels of Pb in the scalp hair of patients were significantly higher than the healthy donors, but Sr, Zn, and Co exhibited comparatively lower levels in the laryngeal cancer patients. In comparison to healthy donors, the correlation pattern among the elements in the hair of the patients exhibited diverse mutual relationships. The multivariate apportionment of the elemental levels in the scalp hair of both donor groups was significantly divergent. The average elemental levels varied significantly among the cancer types (glottic, supraglottic, transglottic, and subglottic) as well as the cancer stages (I, II, III, IV). The average levels of the elements also exhibited considerable variations depending on the donors' habitat, gender, food, and smoking habits. Overall, the study revealed significantly divergent disparities among the elemental contents in the scalp hair of the laryngeal cancer patients in comparison with counterpart controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalsoom Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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36
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Burska AN, Ilyassova B, Dildabek A, Khamijan M, Begimbetova D, Molnár F, Sarbassov DD. Enhancing an Oxidative "Trojan Horse" Action of Vitamin C with Arsenic Trioxide for Effective Suppression of KRAS-Mutant Cancers: A Promising Path at the Bedside. Cells 2022; 11:3454. [PMID: 36359850 PMCID: PMC9657932 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The turn-on mutations of the KRAS gene, coding a small GTPase coupling growth factor signaling, are contributing to nearly 25% of all human cancers, leading to highly malignant tumors with poor outcomes. Targeting of oncogenic KRAS remains a most challenging task in oncology. Recently, the specific G12C mutant KRAS inhibitors have been developed but with a limited clinical outcome because they acquire drug resistance. Alternatively, exploiting a metabolic breach of KRAS-mutant cancer cells related to a glucose-dependent sensitivity to oxidative stress is becoming a promising indirect cancer targeting approach. Here, we discuss the use of a vitamin C (VC) acting in high dose as an oxidative "Trojan horse" agent for KRAS-mutant cancer cells that can be potentiated with another oxidizing drug arsenic trioxide (ATO) to obtain a potent and selective cytotoxic impact. Moreover, we outline the advantages of VC's non-natural enantiomer, D-VC, because of its distinctive pharmacokinetics and lower toxicity. Thus, the D-VC and ATO combination shows a promising path to treat KRAS-mutant cancers in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata N. Burska
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aruzhan Dildabek
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Medina Khamijan
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Begimbetova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ferdinand Molnár
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dos D. Sarbassov
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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37
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Ma Z, Yang M, Foda MF, Zhang K, Li S, Liang H, Zhao Y, Han H. Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promoted by Vitamin C-Loaded Liposomes for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17389-17401. [PMID: 36166666 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While checkpoint blockade immunotherapy as a promising clinical modality has revolutionized cancer treatment, it is of benefit to only a subset of patients because of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we report that the specified delivery of vitamin C at the tumor site by responsive lipid nanoparticles can efficiently induce oxidative toxicity and the polarization of M1 macrophages, promoting the infiltration of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment for intensive immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate successful vitamin C-induced polarization of M2 macrophages to M1 macrophages. In vivo transcriptome analysis also reveals the activation mechanism of vitamin C immunity. More importantly, the combination approach displays much better immune response and immune process within the tumor microenvironment than clinical programmed cell death ligand 1 (Anti-PD-L1) alone. This work provides a powerful therapeutic application of vitamin C to amplify Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in cancer treatment, which brings hope to patients with clinically insensitive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mingkun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mohamed Frahat Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huageng Liang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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Jankowski CS, Rabinowitz JD. Selenium Modulates Cancer Cell Response to Pharmacologic Ascorbate. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3486-3498. [PMID: 35916672 PMCID: PMC9532358 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-dose ascorbate (vitamin C) has shown promising anticancer activity. Two redox mechanisms have been proposed: hydrogen peroxide generation by ascorbate itself or glutathione depletion by dehydroascorbate (formed by ascorbate oxidation). Here we show that the metabolic effects and cytotoxicity of high-dose ascorbate in vitro result from hydrogen peroxide independently of dehydroascorbate. These effects were suppressed by selenium through antioxidant selenoenzymes including glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) but not the classic ferroptosis-inhibiting selenoenzyme GPX4. Selenium-mediated protection from ascorbate was powered by NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway. In vivo, dietary selenium deficiency resulted in significant enhancement of ascorbate activity against glioblastoma xenografts. These data establish selenoproteins as key mediators of cancer redox homeostasis. Cancer sensitivity to free radical-inducing therapies, including ascorbate, may depend on selenium, providing a dietary approach for improving their anticancer efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE Selenium restriction augments ascorbate efficacy and extends lifespan in a mouse xenograft model of glioblastoma, suggesting that targeting selenium-mediated antioxidant defenses merits clinical evaluation in combination with ascorbate and other pro-oxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S.R. Jankowski
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University
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39
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Ascorbate Is a Primary Antioxidant in Mammals. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196187. [PMID: 36234722 PMCID: PMC9572970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C in primates) functions as a cofactor for a number of enzymatic reactions represented by prolyl hydroxylases and as an antioxidant due to its ability to donate electrons, which is mostly accomplished through non-enzymatic reaction in mammals. Ascorbate directly reacts with radical species and is converted to ascorbyl radical followed by dehydroascorbate. Ambiguities in physiological relevance of ascorbate observed during in vivo situations could be attributed in part to presence of other redox systems and the pro-oxidant properties of ascorbate. Most mammals are able to synthesize ascorbate from glucose, which is also considered to be an obstacle to verify its action. In addition to animals with natural deficiency in the ascorbate synthesis, such as guinea pigs and ODS rats, three strains of mice with genetic removal of the responsive genes (GULO, RGN, or AKR1A) for the ascorbate synthesis have been established and are being used to investigate the physiological roles of ascorbate. Studies using these mice, along with ascorbate transporter (SVCT)-deficient mice, largely support its ability in protection against oxidative insults. While combined actions of ascorbate in regulating epigenetics and antioxidation appear to effectively prevent cancer development, pharmacological doses of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate may exert tumoricidal activity through redox-dependent mechanisms.
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40
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Bravo-San Pedro JM, Pietrocola F. Fasting and cancer responses to therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:107-123. [PMID: 36283764 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic outcome of multiple anticancer regimens relies upon a fine balance between tumor intrinsic and host-related factors. In this context, qualitative changes in dietary composition as well as alterations in total calorie supply influence essential aspects of cancer biology, spanning from tumor initiation to metastatic spreading. On the one hand, circumstances of nutritional imbalance or excessive calorie intake promote oncogenesis, accelerate tumor progression, and hamper the efficacy of anticancer treatments. On the other hand, approaches based on bulk (e.g., fasting, fasting mimicking diets) or selective (e.g., amino acids) shortage of nutrients are currently in the spotlight for their ability to potentiate the effect of anticancer drugs. While the chemosensitizing effect of fasting has long been attributed to the overdemanding metabolic requirements of neoplastic cells, recent findings suggest that caloric restriction improves the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy by boosting anticancer immunosurveillance. Here, we provide a critical overview of current preclinical and clinical studies that address the impact of nutritional interventions on the response to cancer therapy, laying particular emphasis on fasting-related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Neo Blickagången 16, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Taylor SR, Falcone JN, Cantley LC, Goncalves MD. Developing dietary interventions as therapy for cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:452-466. [PMID: 35614234 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire distinct metabolic preferences based on their tissue of origin, genetic alterations and degree of interaction with systemic hormones and metabolites. These adaptations support the increased nutrient demand required for increased growth and proliferation. Diet is the major source of nutrients for tumours, yet dietary interventions lack robust evidence and are rarely prescribed by clinicians for the treatment of cancer. Well-controlled diet studies in patients with cancer are rare, and existing studies have been limited by nonspecific enrolment criteria that inappropriately grouped together subjects with disparate tumour and host metabolic profiles. This imprecision may have masked the efficacy of the intervention for appropriate candidates. Here, we review the metabolic alterations and key vulnerabilities that occur across multiple types of cancer. We describe how these vulnerabilities could potentially be targeted using dietary therapies including energy or macronutrient restriction and intermittent fasting regimens. We also discuss recent trials that highlight how dietary strategies may be combined with pharmacological therapies to treat some cancers, potentially ushering a path towards precision nutrition for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Taylor
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-I MD-PhD program, New York, NY, USA
| | - John N Falcone
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhang H, Liu K, Gong Y, Zhu W, Zhu J, Pan F, Chao Y, Xiao Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Yang Y, Chen Q. Vitamin C supramolecular hydrogel for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121673. [PMID: 35839587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VitC) has shown great promise to promote cancer immunotherapy, however, its high hydrophilicity makes it quickly excreted, leading to limited therapeutic efficiency even with frequent high-dose administration. Herein, we provide a pioneering report about the employment of VitC amphiphile self-assembled nanofiber hydrogels for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Specifically, driven by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, the synthesized VitC amphiphile, consisting of a hydrophilic VitC headgroup and a hydrophobic alkyl chain, could self-assemble into an injectable nanofiber hydrogel with self-healing properties. The formed VitC hydrogel not only serves as a reservoir for VitC but also acts as an effective delivery platform for stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist-4 (SA). Interestingly, the VitC hydrogel itself exhibits antitumor effects by upregulating genes related to interferon (IFN) signaling, apoptotic signaling and viral recognition and defense. Moreover, the SA-encapsulated VitC hydrogel (SA@VitC hydrogel) synergistically activated the immune system to inhibit the progression of both local and abscopal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yimou Gong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiafei Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Chao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhishen Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Ligorio F, Fucà G, Provenzano L, Lobefaro R, Zanenga L, Vingiani A, Belfiore A, Lorenzoni A, Alessi A, Pruneri G, de Braud F, Vernieri C. Exceptional tumour responses to fasting-mimicking diet combined with standard anticancer therapies: A sub-analysis of the NCT03340935 trial. Eur J Cancer 2022; 172:300-310. [PMID: 35810555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic fasting or calorie-restricted, low-carbohydrate, low-protein diets, collectively referred to as fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs), demonstrated additive or synergistic antitumour effects when combined with chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapy in several preclinical in vivo models, including murine models of breast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. However, no data on the antitumour efficacy of cyclic FMD in patients with cancer have been published so far. Here, we aim at reporting on patients with advanced cancer achieving complete and long-lasting tumour remissions with cyclic FMD in combination with standard anticancer therapies in the context of the phase Ib NCT03340935 trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS The NCT03340935 trial enrolled 101 patients with different tumour types, and it showed that a severely calorie-restricted FMD regimen is safe and feasible in patients with cancer receiving concomitant standard-of-care antineoplastic therapies. In addition, cyclic FMD resulted in positive metabolic and immunologic modifications, thus recapitulating the biological effects that in preclinical models were found to mediate the antitumour effects of fasting/FMD. RESULTS Of the 101 patients enrolled in the NCT03340935 trial, we identified five patients with advanced, poor prognosis solid neoplasms (n = 1: extensive stage small cell lung cancer; n = 1: metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma; n = 1: metastatic colorectal cancer; n = 2: metastatic triple-negative breast cancer), who achieved complete and long-lasting tumour responses when treated with a combination of cyclic FMD and standard systemic treatments in the context of the NCT03340935 trial. CONCLUSION These excellent responses prompt the initiation of clinical trials to investigate cyclic FMD in combination with standard antitumour therapies in specific clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Provenzano
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lobefaro
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Zanenga
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Deparment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Deparment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alice Lorenzoni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alessi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Deparment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; Deparment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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Jawarneh S, Talib WH. Combination of Ashwagandha Water Extract and Intermittent Fasting as a Therapy to Overcome Cisplatin Resistance in Breast Cancer: An in vitro and in vivo Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:863619. [PMID: 35859750 PMCID: PMC9290527 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.863619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is considered a universal public health dilemma in women. Due to the high toxicity and low selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies, there is a growing trend of using plant-derived natural products in cancer prevention and therapy. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, WS) has been used in the Mediterranean region and Ayurvedic medicine for millennia as a functional food and a medicinal plant with anticancer activity. Besides, intermittent fasting (IF) has been engaged recently in cancer treatment. Hence, the combination of WS and IF provides possible solutions to treat cancer and reduce chemoresistance when combined with chemotherapy. In this study, WS root (WSR), IF, and cisplatin were tested on cisplatin-sensitive (EMT6/P) and cisplatin-resistant (EMT6/CPR) mouse mammary cell lines. The phytochemical content of the WSR extract was analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects were assessed for WSR extract, cisplatin, and their combination in vitro using [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) and caspase-3 assays. An in vivo study was used to assess the effect of WSR extract, IF, cisplatin, and their combinations in mice inculcated with EMT6/P and EMT6/CPR cells. The safety profile was also investigated using liver enzymes and creatinine assays. In vitro, WSR extract and cisplatin had a synergistic effect in both cell lines. The same combination induced an apoptotic effect higher than the single treatment in both cell lines. In vivo, several combinations of WSR extract, IF, or cisplatin caused significant tumor size reduction and improved the cure rate in mice implanted with EMT6/P and EMT6/CPR cell lines. IF-treated groups showed a significant reduction in serum glucose and an elevation in β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels. In the safety profile, WSR extract, IF, and their combinations were safe. Overall, the combination of WSR extract and IF provides a promising solution for breast cancer treatment besides cisplatin by reducing the proliferation of cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. Moreover, they minimize cisplatin toxicity to the liver and kidney.
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Liu Y, He L, Liu B, Ying Y, Xu J, Yu M, Dang J, Liu K. Pharmacological inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis reduces ferroptosis by stimulating the HIF-1 pathway. iScience 2022; 25:104533. [PMID: 35784791 PMCID: PMC9240796 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Binghua Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106 Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Junling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Jinye Dang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 Sichuan, P.R.China
- Corresponding author
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Ottone T, Faraoni I, Fucci G, Divona M, Travaglini S, De Bellis E, Marchesi F, Angelini DF, Palmieri R, Gurnari C, Giansanti M, Nardozza AM, Montesano F, Fabiani E, Lindfors Rossi EL, Cerretti R, Cicconi L, De Bardi M, Catanoso ML, Battistini L, Massoud R, Venditti A, Voso MT. Vitamin C Deficiency in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:890344. [PMID: 35832559 PMCID: PMC9271703 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.890344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C has been shown to play a significant role in suppressing progression of leukemia through epigenetic mechanisms. We aimed to study the role of vitamin C in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) biology and clinical course. To this purpose, the plasma levels of vitamin C at diagnosis in 62 patients with AML (including 5 cases with acute promyelocytic leukemia, APL),7 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and in 15 healthy donors (HDs) were studied. As controls, vitamins A and E levels were analysed. Expression of the main vitamin C transporters and of the TET2 enzyme were investigated by a specific RQ-PCR while cytoplasmic vitamin C concentration and its uptake were studied in mononuclear cells (MNCs), lymphocytes and blast cells purified from AML samples, and MNCs isolated from HDs. There were no significant differences in vitamin A and E serum levels between patients and HDs. Conversely, vitamin C concentration was significantly lower in AML as compared to HDs (p<0.0001), inversely correlated with peripheral blast‐counts (p=0.029), significantly increased at the time of complete remission (CR) (p=0.04) and further decreased in resistant disease (p=0.002). Expression of the main vitamin C transporters SLC23A2, SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 was also significantly reduced in AML compared to HDs. In this line, cytoplasmic vitamin C levels were also significantly lower in AML-MNCs versus HDs, and in sorted blasts compared to normal lymphocytes in individual patients. No association was found between vitamin C plasma levels and the mutation profile of AML patients, as well as when considering cytogenetics or 2017 ELN risk stratification groups. Finally, vitamin C levels did not play a predictive role for overall or relapse-free survival. In conclusion, our study shows that vitamin C levels are significantly decreased in patients with AML at the time of initial diagnosis, further decrease during disease progression and return to normal upon achievement of CR. Correspondingly, low intracellular levels may mirror increased vitamin C metabolic consumption in proliferating AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tiziana Ottone,
| | - Isabella Faraoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariadomenica Divona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus‐Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora De Bellis
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Marchesi
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Francesca Angelini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmieri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manuela Giansanti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Nardozza
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Montesano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fabiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus‐Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Cerretti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cicconi
- Ospedale Santo Spirito, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Roma 1, Reparto di Ematologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Catanoso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesú, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Massoud
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Al-khfajy WS, Arif IS, Al-sudani BT. Synergistic effect of obeticholic acid and fasting-mimicking on proliferative, migration, and survival signaling in prostate cancer. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e81452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic and resistant nature of the androgen-independent stage of prostate cancers makes it largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. Apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are two fundamental events that are deeply linked to carcinogenesis. Hence, it is necessary to find a new combination of several therapies targeting apoptosis and EMT without causing side effects. Several recent studies have indicated that the Farnesoid X receptor is extensively associated with human tumorigenesis. The FXR agonist obeticholic acid (INT 747) has preliminarily exhibited a tumor suppressor potential. In this present study, we assess the potential synergism of FXR activation under nutrient deprivation in prostate cancer cell lines to investigate whether FXR activation enhances starvation-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. In this study, PC-3 treatment with INT 747 significantly repressed cell proliferation and clonogenic potential. In addition, it significantly induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells and decreased their cancerogenic potential, as evaluated by annexin v apoptosis and transwell migration assay, respectively. The decreased expression of pro-caspase 3 by western blot analysis further confirmed INT 747-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) potentiated the antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and antimetastatic effects of INT 747. Mechanistically, these effects were mediated through the downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of PTEN. In conclusion, INT 747 alone markedly decreases, and when combined with FMD abrogates the growth and migration of PC-3 cells.
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High-Dose Vitamin C for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060711. [PMID: 35745630 PMCID: PMC9231292 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the idea that Vitamin C (Vit-C) could be utilized as a form of anti-cancer therapy has generated many contradictory arguments. Recent insights into the physiological characteristics of Vit-C, its pharmacokinetics, and results from preclinical reports, however, suggest that high-dose Vit-C could be effectively utilized in the management of various tumor types. Studies have shown that the pharmacological action of Vit-C can attack various processes that cancerous cells use for their growth and development. Here, we discuss the anti-cancer functions of Vit-C, but also the potential for the use of Vit-C as an epigenetic regulator and immunotherapy enhancer. We also provide a short overview of the current state of systems for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in the context of their influencing high-dose Vit-C toxicity for the inhibition of cancer growth. Even though the mechanisms of Vit-C action are promising, they need to be supported with robust randomized and controlled clinical trials. Moreover, upcoming studies should focus on how to define the most suitable cancer patient populations for high-dose Vit-C treatments and develop effective strategies that combine Vit-C with various concurrent cancer treatment regimens.
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Di Tano M, Longo VD. Fasting and cancer: from yeast to mammals. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:81-106. [PMID: 36283768 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fasting and fasting mimicking diets extend lifespan and healthspan in mouse models and decrease risk factors for cancer and other age-related pathologies in humans. Normal cells respond to fasting and the consequent decrease in nutrients by down-regulating proto-oncogene pathways to enter a stress-resistant mode, which protects them from different cancer therapies. In contrast, oncogene mutations and the constitutive activation of pathways including RAS, AKT, and PKA allow cancer cells to disobey fasting-dependent anti-growth signal. Importantly, in different tumor types, fasting potentiates the toxicity of various therapies by increasing reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, which ultimately leads to DNA damage and cell death. This effect is not limited to chemotherapy, since periodic fasting/FMD cycles potentiate the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and pharmacological doses of vitamin C. In addition, the anticancer effects of fasting/FMD can also be tumor-independent and involve an immunotherapy-like activation of T cell-dependent attack of tumor cells. Supported by a range of pre-clinical studies, clinical trials are beginning to confirm the safety and efficacy of fasting/FMD cycles in improving the potential of different cancer therapies, while decreasing side effects to healthy cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Di Tano
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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50
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Repurposing Vitamin C for Cancer Treatment: Focus on Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112608. [PMID: 35681589 PMCID: PMC9179307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complicated network, and several promising TME-targeted therapies, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies, are now facing problems over low response rates and drug resistance. Vitamin C (VitC) has been extensively studied as a dietary nutrient and multi-targeted natural drug for fighting against tumor cells. The focus has been recently on its crucial functions in the TME. Here, we discuss the potential mechanisms of VitC in several specialized microenvironments, characterize the current status of its preclinical and clinical applications, and offer suggestions for future studies. This article is intended to provide basic researchers and clinicians with a detailed picture of VitC targeting the tumor microenvironment. Abstract Based on the enhanced knowledge on the tumor microenvironment (TME), a more comprehensive treatment landscape for targeting the TME has emerged. This microenvironment provides multiple therapeutic targets due to its diverse characteristics, leading to numerous TME-targeted strategies. With multifaced activities targeting tumors and the TME, vitamin C is renown as a promising candidate for combination therapy. In this review, we present new advances in how vitamin C reshapes the TME in the immune, hypoxic, metabolic, acidic, neurological, mechanical, and microbial dimensions. These findings will open new possibilities for multiple therapeutic avenues in the fight against cancer. We also review the available preclinical and clinical evidence of vitamin C combined with established therapies, highlighting vitamin C as an adjuvant that can be exploited for novel therapeutics. Finally, we discuss unresolved questions and directions that merit further investigation.
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