1
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Zhai X, Xue M, Zhao Q, Zheng Q, Song D, Tung CH, Wang W. Water-catalyzed iron-molybdenum carbyne formation in bimetallic acetylene transformation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7729. [PMID: 39232032 PMCID: PMC11375111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal carbyne complexes are of fundamental importance in carbon-carbon bond formation, alkyne metathesis, and alkyne coupling reactions. Most reported iron carbyne complexes are stabilized by incorporating heteroatoms. Here we show the synthesis of bioinspired FeMo heterobimetallic carbyne complexes by the conversion of C2H2 through a diverse series of intermediates. Key reactions discovered include the reduction of a μ-η2:η2-C2H2 ligand with a hydride to produce a vinyl ligand (μ-η1:η2-CH = CH2), tautomerization of the vinyl ligand to a carbyne (μ-CCH3), and protonation of either the vinyl or the carbyne compound to form a hydrido carbyne heterobimetallic complex. Mechanistic studies unveil the pivotal role of H2O as a proton shuttle, facilitating the proton transfer that converts the vinyl group to a bridging carbyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhai
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuting Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Qiucui Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
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2
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Cai Y, Hua Y, Lu Z, Chen J, Chen D, Xia H. Metallacyclobutadienes: Intramolecular Rearrangement from Kinetic to Thermodynamic Isomers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403940. [PMID: 39104029 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Metallacyclobutadienes (MCBDs) are key intermediates of alkyne metathesis reactions. There are in principle two isomerization pathway from kinetic to thermodynamic MCBDs, intermolecular and intramolecular. However, systems that simultaneously isolate two kinds of MCBD isomers have not been achieved, thus restricting the mechanistic studies of the isomerization. Here the reactivity of a metallapentalyne that contains an M≡C bond within the aromatic ring, with alkynes to afford a series of MCBD-fused metallapentalenes is studied. In some cases, both kinetic and thermodynamic products are isolated in the same system, which has never been observed in previous MCBD reactions. Furthermore, the isomerization of MCBD-fused metallapentalenes is investigated both experimentally and theoretically, indicating that it is an intramolecular process involving a metallatetrahedrane (MTd) intermediate. This research provides experimental evidence demonstrating that one MCBD can undergo intramolecular rearrangement to transform into another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Jiangxi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China
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3
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Xu B, Mao W, Lu Z, Cai Y, Chen D, Xia H. Syntheses and reactivities of strained fused-ring metallaaromatics containing planar eleven-carbon chains. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4378. [PMID: 38782900 PMCID: PMC11116401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbolong complexes are one of the primary types of metallaaromatics, and they include metallapentalynes and metallapentalenes. A series of 7C-10C and 12C-carbolong complexes with planar ligand skeletons respectively containing 7-10 and 12 carbon atoms in their backbones, have been previously reported. Herein, two classes of strained substances, metallabenzyne-fused metallapentalenes and metallabenzene-fused metallapentalynes, were prepared, both representing 11C-carbolong complexes with a planar carbon-chain ligand. Furthermore, the former type is also the carbolong derivatives containing a metallabenzyne skeleton, another primary metallaaromatic framework. Metallabenzyne-fused metallapentalenes show versatile reactivities, and the most interesting one is the metal carbyne bond shift from a 6-membered to a more strained 5-membered ring, affording the above-mentioned metallabenzene-fused metallapentalyne. This work makes carbolong chemistry more complete, and provides a method to achieve metallabenzynes, which is anticipated to concurrently advance the development of these two types of metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanting Cai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Southern University of Science and Technology Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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4
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Tomasini M, Gimferrer M, Caporaso L, Poater A. Rhenium Alkyne Catalysis: Sterics Control the Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5842-5851. [PMID: 38507560 PMCID: PMC10988556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metathesis reactions, including alkane, alkene, and alkyne metatheses, have their origins in the fundamental understanding of chemical reactions and the development of specialized catalysts. These reactions stand as transformative pillars in organic chemistry, providing efficient rearrangement of carbon-carbon bonds and enabling synthetic access to diverse and complex compounds. Their impact spans industries such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. In this work, we present a detailed mechanistic study of the Re(V) catalyzed alkyne metathesis through density functional theory calculations. Our findings are in agreement with the experimental evidence from Jia and co-workers and unveil critical factors governing catalyst performance. Our work not only enhances our understanding of alkyne metathesis but also contributes to the broader landscape of catalytic processes, facilitating the design of more efficient and selective transformations in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomasini
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de
Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università
di Salerno, Via Ponte
don Melillo, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Martí Gimferrer
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August
Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università
di Salerno, Via Ponte
don Melillo, Fisciano 84084, Italy
- CIRCC, Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis, via Celso Ulpiani 27, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de
Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
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5
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Gallegos M, Del Amo V, Guevara-Vela JM, Moreno-Alcántar G, Martín Pendás Á. Radical revelations: the pnictogen effect in linear acetylenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7718-7730. [PMID: 38372358 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06324k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Acetylenes are essential building blocks in modern chemistry due to their remarkable modularity. The introduction of heteroatoms, such as pnictogens (X), is one of the simplest approaches to altering the C≡C bond. However, the chemistry of the resultant dipnictogenoacetylenes (DXAs) is strongly dependent on the nature of X. In this work, rigorous theoretical chemistry tools are employed to shed light on the origin of these differences, providing a detailed evaluation of the impact of X on the geometrical and electronic features of DXAs. Special emphasis is made on the study of the carbene character of the systems through the analysis of the interconversion mechanism between the linear and zigzag isomers. Our results show that second-period atoms behave drastically differently to the remaining X: down the group, a zwitterionic resonance form emerges at the expense of decreasing the carbenoid role, eventually resulting in an electrostatically driven ring closure. Furthermore, our findings pave the way to potentially unveiling novel routes for the promotion of free-radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gallegos
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo E-33006, Spain.
| | - Vicente Del Amo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo E-33006, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Moreno-Alcántar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching b., München 85748, Germany
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo E-33006, Spain.
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6
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Lai X, Chen S, Gu X, Lai H, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Wang H, Qu J, Kyaw AKK, Xia H, He F. Phenanthroline-carbolong interface suppress chemical interactions with active layer enabling long-time stable organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3571. [PMID: 37322001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To restrain the chemical reaction at cathode interface of organic solar cells, two cathode interfacial materials are synthesized by connecting phenanthroline with carbolong unit. Consequently, the D18:L8-BO based organic solar cell with double-phenanthroline-carbolong achieve the highest efficiency of 18.2%. Double-phenanthroline-carbolong with larger steric hindrance and stronger electron-withdrawing property confirms to suppress the interfacial reaction with norfullerene acceptor, resulting the most stable device. Double-phenanthroline-carbolong based device can sustain 80% of its initial efficiency for 2170 h in dark N2 atmosphere, 96 h under 85 oC and keep 68% initial efficiency after been illuminated for 2200 h, which are significantly better than bathocuproin based devices. Moreover, superb interfacial stability of double-phenanthroline-carbolong cathode interface enables thermal posttreatment of organic sub-cell in perovskite/organic tandem solar cells and obtained a remarkable efficiency of 21.7% with excellent thermal stability, which indicates the potentially wide application of phenanthroline-carbolong materials for stable and efficient solar device fabrications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianfei Qu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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7
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Li Q, Fei J, Ruan K, Hua Y, Chen D, Luo M, Xia H. Reshaping aromatic frameworks: expansion of aromatic system drives metallabenzenoids to metallapentalenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5672-5680. [PMID: 37265719 PMCID: PMC10231429 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reshaping an aromatic framework to generate other skeletons is a challenging issue due to the stabilization energy of aromaticity. Such reconfigurations of aromatics commonly generate non-aromatic products and hardly ever reshape to a different aromatic framework. Herein, we present the transformation of metallaindenols to metallapentalenes and metallaindenes in divergent pathways, converting one aromatic framework to another with an extension of the conjugation framework. The mechanistic study of this transformation shows that phosphorus ligands play different roles in the divergent processes. Further theoretical studies indicate that the expansion of the aromatic system is the driving force promoting this skeletal rearrangement. Our findings offer a new concept and strategy to reshape and construct aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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8
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Tang C, Jiang XL, Chen S, Hong W, Li J, Xia H. Stereoelectronic Modulation of a Single-Molecule Junction through a Tunable Metal-Carbon dπ-pπ Hyperconjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10404-10410. [PMID: 37121913 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated molecules play a critical role in the construction of single-molecule devices. However, most conventional conjugated molecules, such as hydrocarbons, involve only a pπ-pπ conjugation of light elements. While the metal d-orbitals can introduce abundant electronic effects to achieve novel electronic properties, it is very scarce for the charge transport study of dπ-pπ conjugated pathways with a metal involved. Here, we employed the single-molecule break junction technique to investigate the charge transport through dπ-pπ conjugated backbones with metal-carbon multiple bonds integrated into the alternative conjugated pathways. The involved dπ-pπ conjugation not only supports high conductivity comparable to that of conjugated hydrocarbons but also significantly enhances the tunable diversity in electronic properties through the metal-induced secondary interaction. Specifically, the introduction of the metal brings an unconventionally stereoelectronic effect triggered by metal-carbon dπ-pπ hyperconjugation, which can be tuned by protonation taking place on the metal-carbon multiple bonds, collectively modulating the single-molecule rectification feature and transmission mechanism. This work demonstrates the promise of utilizing the diverse electronic effect of metals to design molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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9
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Chu Z, Li J, Hua Y, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. Hetero-carbolong chemistry: experimental and theoretical studies of diaza-metallapentalenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4173-4176. [PMID: 36939834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Four diaza-osmapentalenes were prepared by two-step reactions, through the treatment of an alkyne-coordinated osmium complex with azo compounds, followed by the addition of AgSbF6/CO. Their aromaticity was confirmed by crystal parameters, NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. These complexes are the first diaza-metallapentalenes representing a new class of metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Chu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Synthesis and characterization of Craig-type antiaromatic species with [4 n + 2] π electrons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215900120. [PMID: 36735757 PMCID: PMC9963141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215900120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiaromaticity is extended from aromaticity as a complement to describe the unsaturated cyclic molecules with antiaromatic destabilization. To prepare antiaromatic species is a particularly challenging goal in synthetic chemistry because of the thermodynamic instability of such molecules. Among that, both Hückel and Möbius antiaromatic species have been reported, whereas the Craig one has not been realized to date. Here, we report the first example of planar Craig antiaromatic species. Eight Craig antiaromatic compounds were synthesized by deprotonation-induced reduction process and were fully characterized as follows. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography showed that these complexes have planar structures composed of fused five-membered rings with clearly alternating carbon-carbon bond lengths. In addition, proton NMR (1H NMR) spectroscopy in these structures showed distinctive upfield shifts of the proton peaks to the range of antiaromatic peripheral hydrogens. Experimental spectroscopy observations, along with density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, provided evidence for the Craig antiaromaticity of these complexes. Further study experimentally and theoretically revealed that the strong exothermicity of the acid-base neutralization process was the driving force for this challenging transformation forming Craig antiaromatic species. Our findings complete a full cycle of aromatic chemistry, opening an avenue for the development of new class of antiaromatic systems.
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11
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Lin Z, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xia H. Heterocyclic Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of metalla-aromatics and mechanistic analysis of site selectivity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1227-1233. [PMID: 36756314 PMCID: PMC9891379 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is one of the most straightforward and versatile methods for the construction of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes but site-selective cross-coupling of polyhalogenated (hetero)arenes containing identical halogen substituents remains a challenging problem. Herein, we report a new candidate for heterocyclic Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. This candidate has been applied in organometallic systems by combining classical aryl boronic acid reagents with non-classical heteroarenes. Experimental and computational studies of the mechanism of the reactions were performed, with an emphasis on the identity of the reactive species in the oxidative addition step and the nature of the precise site selectivity. The influence of both the aromaticity of the metalla-aromatic substrates and the steric and electronic properties of the halogenated sites are studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzhang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yapeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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12
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Luo M, Chen D, Li Q, Xia H. Unique Properties and Emerging Applications of Carbolong Metallaaromatics. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:924-937. [PMID: 36718118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAromatic compounds are important in synthetic chemistry, biomedicines, and materials science. As a special type of aromatic complex, transition-metal-based metallaaromatics contain at least one transition metal in an aromatic framework. The chemistry of metallaaromatics has seen much progress in computational studies and synthetic methods, but their properties and applications are still emerging. In recent years, we have disclosed a series of metal-centered conjugated polycyclic metallacycles in which a carbon chain is chelated to a metal center through at least three metal-carbon bonds. These are termed carbolong complexes and exhibit good stability to water, oxygen, light, and heat on account of their polydentate chelation and aromaticity, making them easy to handle. Carbolong complexes are not only special π-conjugated aromatics but also organometallics; therefore, they have the properties of both species. In this Account, we showcase the recent advances in their applications based on their different properties.First, carbolong complexes are a special kind of π-conjugated aromatic, with the ability to transmit electrons, allowing them to function as single-molecule conductors and candidates for electron transporting layer materials (ETLs) in solar cells. A series of carbolong complexes have been proved to be useful as achievable ETLs which enhance device performance in both organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells.Second, due to the involvement of d orbitals in the conjugation, carbolong complexes normally exhibit strong and broad absorption, even in some cases extending to the near-infrared region (NIR). The absorbed optical energy can be converted into light, heat, and ultrasound; consequently, carbolong compounds can be used as core moieties in smart materials. For example, 7C carbolong complexes were found to exhibit aggregation-enhanced near-infrared emission (AIEE). Some 12C carbolong complexes have been designed into the core moieties of NIR-responsive polymers, such as cylindrical NIR-responsive materials, self-healing materials, and shape memory materials. In contrast to the stereotypically toxic osmium compounds such as the highly toxic OsO4, some osmium carbolong complexes exhibit low cell cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility; consequently, they also have potential applications in the biomedical area. For example, benefiting from broad absorption in the NIR, 9C and 12C carbolong complexes have been used in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, respectively. In addition, photodynamic therapeutic applications which take advantage of a carbolong peroxo complex are discussed.Third, as special transition-metal complexes chelated by carbon-based ligands, a carbolong peroxo complex has displayed catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation of alcohols and a bimetallic carbolong complex has been used to catalyze difunctionalization reactions of unactivated alkenes.Overall, aromatic carbolong complexes have been applied to photovoltaics, smart materials, phototherapy, and catalytic reactions. Moving forward, we hope that this Account will shed light on future studies and theoretical research and encourage more discoveries of the properties of other metallaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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13
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Fei Yang X, Zhang MX, Bin Fu D, Wang Y, Yin J, Hua Liu S. Pentacyclic and Hexacyclic Osmaarynes and Their Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202334. [PMID: 36198664 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although osmabenzyne, osmanaphthalyne, osmaphenanthryne, and osmaanthracyne have been previously reported, the synthesis of polycyclic osmaarynes is still a challenge. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of the first pentacyclic osmaarynes (pyreno[b]osmabenzynes 1 a and 2 a) and hexacyclic osmaaryne (peryleno[b]osmabenzyne 3 a). Nucleophilic reaction of osmaarynes was used to obtain the corresponding pyreno[b]osmium complexes (1 and 2) and peryleno[b] osmium complex (3), which exhibited near-infrared luminescence and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Complexes 2 and 3 are resistant to photodegradation, and complex 2 has better photothermal conversion properties than 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of, Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, 430205, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - De Bin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
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14
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Reversible H2 Storage Capacity of Ni Functionalized Carbyne (C10) Complex. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Li J, Chu Z, Lu Z, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. Reactivity Studies of a Hydroxy-Substituted Irida-carbolong Complex. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Chu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Meng X, Xing Z, Hu X, Chen Y. Large-area Flexible Organic Solar Cells: Printing Technologies and Modular Design. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Yao J, Ding S, Zhang R, Bai Y, Zhou Q, Meng L, Solano E, Steele JA, Roeffaers MBJ, Gao F, Zhang ZG, Li Y. Fluorinated Perylene-Diimides: Cathode Interlayers Facilitating Carrier Collection for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203690. [PMID: 35726683 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have experienced rapid progress with the innovation of near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing small-molecular acceptors (SMAs), while the unique electronic properties of the SMAs raise new challenges in relation to cathode engineering for effective electron collection. To address this issue, two fluorinated perylene-diimides (PDIs), PDINN-F and PDINN-2F, are synthesized by a simple fluorination method, for application as cathode interlayer (CIL) materials. The two bay-fluorinated PDI-based CILs possess a lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of ≈-4.0 eV, which improves the energy level alignment at the NIR-SMAs (such as BTP-eC9)/CIL for a favorable electron extraction efficiency. The monofluorinated PDINN-F shows higher electron mobility and better improved interfacial compatibility. The PDINN-F-based OSCs with PM6:BTP-eC9 as active layer exhibit an enhanced fill factor and larger short-circuit current density, leading to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 18%. The devices with PDINN-F CIL retain more than 80% of their initial PCE after operating at the maximum power point under continuous illumination for 750 h. This work prescribes a facile, cost-effective, and scalable method for the preparation of stable, high-performance fluorinated CILs, and instilling promise for the NIR-SMAs-based OSCs moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shiyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular and organic electronics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- Analysis & Testing Center, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, 464000, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Spain
| | - Julian A Steele
- cMACS, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Maarten B J Roeffaers
- cMACS, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular and organic electronics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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18
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Chen S, Peng L, Liu Y, Gao X, Zhang Y, Tang C, Zhai Z, Yang L, Wu W, He X, Liu LL, He F, Xia H. Conjugated polymers based on metalla-aromatic building blocks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203701119. [PMID: 35858304 PMCID: PMC9303910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203701119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers usually require strategies to expand the range of wavelengths absorbed and increase solubility. Developing effective strategies to enhance both properties remains challenging. Herein, we report syntheses of conjugated polymers based on a family of metalla-aromatic building blocks via a polymerization method involving consecutive carbyne shuttling processes. The involvement of metal d orbitals in aromatic systems efficiently reduces band gaps and enriches the electron transition pathways of the chromogenic repeat unit. These enable metalla-aromatic conjugated polymers to exhibit broad and strong ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption bands. Bulky ligands on the metal suppress π-π stacking of polymer chains and thus increase solubility. These conjugated polymers show robust stability toward light, heat, water, and air. Kinetic studies using NMR experiments and UV-Vis spectroscopy, coupled with the isolation of well-defined model oligomers, revealed the polymerization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weitai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xumin He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
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19
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Xu B, Mao W, Wu C, Li J, Lu Z, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. A
One‐Pot
Strategy for the Synthesis of
β
‐Substituted
Rhoda‐ and
Irida‐Carbolong
Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
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20
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Cui M, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Jia G. Alkyne Metathesis with d 2 Re(V) Alkylidyne Complexes Supported by Phosphino-Phenolates: Ligand Effect on Catalytic Activity and Applications in Ring-Closing Alkyne Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6349-6360. [PMID: 35377156 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A family of d2 Re(V) alkylidyne complexes bearing two decorated phosphino-phenolates (POs) and a labile pyridine ligand were prepared that can efficiently promote alkyne metathesis reactions in toluene. The relative activity of these complexes varies with the PO ligands. Complexes with an electron-rich metal center have a higher activity. Ligand exchange experiments suggest that the pyridine ligands of the Re(V) alkylidynes with more electron-donating PO ligands are more labile and are more easily released to generate catalytically active species. However, complexes with electron-withdrawing PO ligands are more air-stable than those with electron-donating PO ligands. These Re(V) alkylidyne catalysts can promote the homometathesis of functionalized internal alkyl- and aryl-alkynes, as well as ring-closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) of methyl-capped diynes, forming macrocycles with a ring size ≥12 efficiently for concentrations ≤5 mM. These reactions represent the first examples of RCAM mediated by non-d0 alkylidyne complexes. The Re(V) alkylidyne catalysts tolerate a wide range of functional groups including ethers, esters, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, phenols, amines, amides, and heterocycles. Moreover, the catalytic RCAM reactions promoted by robust Re(V) alkylidyne catalysts could also proceed normally in wet toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 000000, China
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 000000, China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 000000, China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 000000, China.,HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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21
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R Luginbuhl B, Raval P, Pawlak T, Du Z, Wang T, Kupgan G, Schopp N, Chae S, Yoon S, Yi A, Jung Kim H, Coropceanu V, Brédas JL, Nguyen TQ, Reddy GNM. Resolving Atomic-Scale Interactions in Nonfullerene Acceptor Organic Solar Cells with Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy, Crystallographic Modelling, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105943. [PMID: 34818688 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fused-ring core nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), designated "Y-series," have enabled high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) achieving over 18% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Since the introduction of these NFAs, much effort has been expended to understand the reasons for their exceptional performance. While several studies have identified key optoelectronic properties that govern high PCEs, little is known about the molecular level origins of large variations in performance, spanning from 5% to 18% PCE, for example, in the case of PM6:Y6 OSCs. Here, a combined solid-state NMR, crystallography, and molecular modeling approach to elucidate the atomic-scale interactions in Y6 crystals, thin films, and PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends is introduced. It is shown that the Y6 morphologies in BHJ blends are not governed by the morphology in neat films or single crystals. Notably, PM6:Y6 blends processed from different solvents self-assemble into different structures and morphologies, whereby the relative orientations of the sidechains and end groups of the Y6 molecules to their fused-ring cores play a crucial role in determining the resulting morphology and overall performance of the solar cells. The molecular-level understanding of BHJs enabled by this approach will guide the engineering of next-generation NFAs for stable and efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Luginbuhl
- Center for Polymers & Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Parth Raval
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Tomasz Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Zhifang Du
- Center for Polymers & Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Tonghui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Grit Kupgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Nora Schopp
- Center for Polymers & Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sangmin Chae
- Center for Polymers & Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sangcheol Yoon
- Center for Polymers & Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ahra Yi
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers & Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, F-59000, France
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22
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Wang M, So CM. Inverting Conventional Chemoselectivity in the Sonogashira Coupling Reaction of Polyhalogenated Aryl Triflates with TMS-Arylalkynes. Org Lett 2022; 24:681-685. [PMID: 34978819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A newly developed phosphine ligand with a C2-cyclohexyl group on the indole ring was successfully applied in a chemoselective Sonogashira coupling reaction with excellent chemoselectivity, affording an inversion of the conventional chemoselectivity order of C-Br > C-Cl > C-OTf. This study also provided an efficient approach to the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the natural product analogue trimethyl-selaginellin L by merging of chemoselective Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
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23
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Pal A, Goswami B, Thakur A. Cyclic vs. acyclic alkyne towards Hg 2+ ion detection: combined experimental and theoretical studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05707c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Comparison between the alkynes in terminal and internally conjugated 1,3-diyne systems produces differences in molecular recognition, maintaining the HSAB principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Bappaditya Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
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24
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Wang Z, Yan W, Zhao G, Wu K, Gu ZG, Li QH, Zhang J. Novel Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials with Craig-Möbius Aromaticity. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11784-11789. [PMID: 34860027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electron delocalization in aromatic materials significantly impacts their third-order nonlinear optics (NLO). Despite organometallic complexes with Craig-Möbius aromaticity attracting great attention for their unusual physicochemical properties, their third-order NLO have been little studied to date. Herein, 12 Craig-Möbius aromatic organometallics with a stable structure similar to osmapentalyne, namely, carbolong complexes, are screened by DFT. They exhibit high third-order NLO responses because of the d and p electron delocalization in the organometallic ring. Furthermore, electron-hole distribution analyses draw a conclusion that extending the conjugated plane will increase the π-conjugation system to enhance the local excitation in the plane, and the introduction of typical aromatic ligands can result in the organometallic ring-to-ligand charge transfer (RLCT), which are effective methods to improve the third-order NLO response. This study opens a new window in the application of Craig-Möbius aromatic complexes and provides a new approach for third-order NLO materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Kechen Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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25
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AKKURT B. On the Biological Importance, Preparation, and Uses of Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-Based Compounds. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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26
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Chalotra N, Kumar J, Naqvi T, Shah BA. Photocatalytic functionalizations of alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11285-11300. [PMID: 34617556 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Visible light mediated functionalizations have significantly expanded the scope of alkynes by unraveling new mechanistic pathways and enabling their transformation to diverse structural entities. The photoredox reactions on alkynes rely on their innate capability to generate myriad carbon-centred radicals via single electron transfer (SET), thereby, allowing the introduction of new radical precursors. Moreover, an array of methods have been developed facilitating transformations such as vicinal or gem-difunctionalization, annulation, cycloaddition and oxidative reactions to construct numerous key building blocks of natural and pharmaceutically important molecules. In addition, the introduction of photoredox chemistry has successfully been used to deal with the challenges associated with alkyne functionalization such as stereoselective and regioselective control. This article accounts for several visible light mediated functionalization reactions of alkynes, wherein they have been transformed into α-oxo compounds, β-keto sulfoxides, substituted olefins, N-heterocycles, internal alkynes and sulfur containing compounds. The article has been primarily categorized into various sections based on the reaction type with particular attention being paid to mechanistic details, advancement and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chalotra
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Jaswant Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Tahira Naqvi
- Govt. College for Women, MA Road, Srinagar 190001, India
| | - Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
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27
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Cai C, Yao J, Chen L, Yuan Z, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li Y. Silicon Naphthalocyanine Tetraimides: Cathode Interlayer Materials for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Cai
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Jia Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Youdi Zhang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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28
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Li J, Lu Z, Hua Y, Chen D, Xia H. Carbolong chemistry: nucleophilic aromatic substitution of a triflate functionalized iridapentalene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8464-8467. [PMID: 34346430 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the triflate functionalized iridapentalene 1, [Ir{[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(CH2C(CO2Me)2CH2)[double bond, length as m-dash]CC[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(OTf)[double bond, length as m-dash]CH}(CO)(PPh3)2]OTf, with C-, N-, O- and S-centered neutral nucleophiles was studied, leading to the isolation of a wide array of irida-carbolong derivatives. As an extension, a polycyclic complex with a rare six-fused-ring structure was constructed. This strategy provides a new route for the construction of functionalized metallaaromatic complexes, and the resulting iridacycles exhibit broad spectral absorption ranges, making them potential photoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Cai C, Yao J, Chen L, Yuan Z, Zhang ZG, Hu Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li Y. Silicon Naphthalocyanine Tetraimides: Cathode Interlayer Materials for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19053-19057. [PMID: 34160863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalocyanine derivatives (SiNcTI-N and SiNcTI-Br) were firstly used as excellent cathode interlayer materials (CIMs) in organic solar cells, via introducing four electron-withdrawing imide groups and two hydrophilic alkyls. Both of them showed deep LUMO energy levels (below -3.90 eV), good thermal stability (Td >210 °C), and strong self-doping property. The SiNcTI-Br CIM displayed high conductivity (4.5×10-5 S cm-1 ) and electron mobility (7.81×10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), which could boost the efficiencies of the PM6:Y6-based OSCs over a wide range of CIM layer thicknesses (4-25 nm), with maximum efficiency of 16.71 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Cai
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jia Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Youdi Zhang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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30
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Yeung CF, Shek HL, Yiu SM, Tse MK, Wong CY. Controlled Activation of Dipicolinyl-Substituted Propargylic Alcohol by Ru(II) and Os(II) for Unprecedented Indolizine-Fused Metallafuran Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hau-Lam Shek
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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31
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Liu L, Chen S, Qu Y, Gao X, Han L, Lin Z, Yang L, Wang W, Zheng N, Liang Y, Tan Y, Xia H, He F. Nanographene-Osmapentalyne Complexes as a Cathode Interlayer in Organic Solar Cells Enhance Efficiency over 18. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101279. [PMID: 34117664 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering is a critical method by which to efficiently enhance the photovoltaic performance of nonfullerene solar cells (NFSC). Herein, a series of metal-nanographene-containing large transition metal involving dπ -pπ conjugated systems by way of the addition reactions of osmapentalynes and p-diethynyl-hexabenzocoronenes is reported. Conjugated extensions are engineered to optimize the π-conjugation of these metal-nanographene molecules, which serve as alcohol-soluble cathode interlayer (CIL) materials. Upon extension of the π-conjugation, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PM6:BTP-eC9-based NFSCs increases from 16% to over 18%, giving the highest recorded PCE. It is deduced by X-ray crystallographic analysis, interfacial contact methods, morphology characterization, and carrier dynamics that modification of hexabenzocoronenes-styryl can effectively improve the short-circuit current density (Jsc ) and fill factor of organic solar cells (OSCs), mainly due to the strong and ordered charge transfer, more matching energy level alignments, better interfacial contacts between the active layer and the electrodes, and regulated morphology. Consequently, the carrier transport is largely facilitated, and the carrier recombination is simultaneously impeded. These new CIL materials are broadly able to enhance the photovoltaic properties of OSCs in other systems, which provides a promising potential to serve as CILs for higher-quality OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhu Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yangyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liang Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanzhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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32
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Luo M, Cai Y, Lin X, Long L, Zhang H, Xia H. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Metalla‐Chalcogenirenium Compounds
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yapeng Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Xinlei Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Lipeng Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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33
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Wang J, Li J, Zhou Y, Yu C, Hua Y, Yu Y, Li R, Lin X, Chen R, Wu H, Xia H, Wang HL. Tuning an Electrode Work Function Using Organometallic Complexes in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7759-7768. [PMID: 33904710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-work-function (WF) metals (including silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu)) used as external cathodes in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) encounter oxidation caused by air exposure and halogen-diffusion-induced corrosion, which threaten the long-term stability of the device. The cathode interlayer (CIL) has shown promise in reducing the metal WF and thus boosting the device power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, it remains a challenge for current CIL materials to enable high-WF metals (e.g., Au) to be used as cathodes to achieve PSCs with a superior PCE and long-term stability. Here, we use a series of synthesized (carbolong-derived) organometallic complexes as CILs to tune the electrode WF in inverted PSCs. Density functional theory calculations and surface characterizations show that the organometallic complexes that contain anions and cations are prone to form anion-cation dipoles on the metal surface, hence drastically reducing the metal's WF. Photovoltaic devices based on a Ag cathode, which was modified with these organometallic complexes, received a boosted PCE up to 21.29% and a remarkable fill factor that reached 83.52%, which are attributed to the dipole-enhanced carrier transport. The environmental stability of PSCs was further improved after employing Au as a cathode with these organometallic complexes, and the modified devices exhibited no efficiency loss after 4080 h storage measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yecheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan West Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chengzhuo Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yinye Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan West Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruxue Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaosong Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
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34
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Wang H, Ruan Y, Lin YM, Xia H. Direct amidation of metallaaromatics: access to N-functionalized osmapentalynes via a 1,5-bromoamidated intermediate. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6315-6322. [PMID: 34084429 PMCID: PMC8115065 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01571k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct C–H amidation or imidation of metallaaromatics with N-bromoamides or imides has been achieved under mild conditions and leads to the formation of a family of N-functionalized metallapentalyne derivatives. A unique 1,5-bromoamidated species has been identified, and can be viewed as a σH-adduct intermediate in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The 1,5-addition of both electrophilic and nucleophilic moieties into the metallaaromatic framework demonstrates a novel pathway in contrast to the typical radical process of arene C–H amidation involving N-haloamide reagents. The direct C–H amidation of metallapentalyne has been achieved under mild conditions in which key 1,5-bromoamidated intermediates was determined.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yonghong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China .,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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35
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36
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Abstract
Due to the linear property around an acetylenic carbon, the introduction of such an atom to a small cycle would result in high ring strain. Currently, the smallest isolated rings are five-membered, including metallacycloalkynes and metallapentalynes. Both types contain at least one unusual small bond angle around the acetylenic carbon, thus exhibiting abnormal reactivities. This feature article gives a comprehensive overview on these two kind complexes. The synthesis and reactivities are extensively described, the source of stability is presented, and the future prospect is discussed. The article aims to provide a better development for the chemical diversity of five-membered metallacycloalkynes and metallapentalynes.
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37
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Su Q, Ding J, Du Z, Lai Y, Li H, Ouyang MA, Song L, Lin R. Recent Advances in the Reactions of Cyclic Carbynes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5050. [PMID: 33143337 PMCID: PMC7663793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The acyclic organic alkynes and carbyne bonds exhibit linear shapes. Metallabenzynes and metallapentalynes are six- or five-membered metallacycles containing carbynes, whose carbine-carbon bond angles are less than 180°. Such distortion results in considerable ring strain, resulting in the unprecedented reactivity compared with acyclic carbynes. Meanwhile, the aromaticity of these metallacycles would stabilize the ring system. The fascinating combination of ring strain and aromaticity would lead to interesting reactivities. This mini review summarized recent findings on the reactivity of the metal-carbon triple bonds and the aromatic ring system. In the case of metallabenzynes, aromaticity would prevail over ring strain. The reactions are similar to those of organic aromatics, especially in electrophilic reactions. Meanwhile, fragmentation of metallacarbynes might be observed via migratory insertion if the aromaticity of metallacarbynes is strongly affected. In the case of metallapentalynes, the extremely small bond angle would result in high reactivity of the carbyne moiety, which would undergo typical reactions for organic alkynes, including interaction with coinage metal complexes, electrophilic reactions, nucleophilic reactions and cycloaddition reactions, whereas the strong aromaticity ensured the integrity of the bicyclic framework of metallapentalynes throughout all reported reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.S.); (J.D.); (Z.D.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (M.-A.O.)
| | - Ran Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.S.); (J.D.); (Z.D.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (M.-A.O.)
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