1
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Berhanu KG, Lohani TK, Hatiye SD. Spatial and seasonal groundwater quality assessment for drinking suitability using index and machine learning approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30362. [PMID: 38742059 PMCID: PMC11089328 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial and seasonal evaluation and monitoring of groundwater (GW) quality is essential for the sustainable management of this priceless resource and the provision of safe drinking water. Nevertheless, GW quality appraisal was not given due attention in the current study area (flat terrain part of the Tana sub-basin). This study sought to assess the seasonal and regional physicochemical GW quality parameters for drinking appropriateness using the drinking water quality index (DWQI) and support vector machine (SVM). The main cations in both the dry and wet study seasons were, in decreasing order, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Fe2+, according to the results. Conversely, the main anions were HCO3-, CO32-, Cl- or NO3-, SO42- and PO43-, ordered from higher to lower. During the two research seasons, Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 were the predominant water types based on Piper diagram results. Reverse ion exchange and evaporation were the principal hydrogeochemical processes that control the hydrogeochemistry identified by Durov and Gibbs diagrams, respectively. Excellent GW quality class for drinking was demonstrated by the majority of geographical and seasonal DWQI readings over the two seasons. Nevertheless, during the rainy season, there was a noticeable decline in the GW quality condition around the northern shores of Lake Tana. Therefore, it is advised to implement comprehensive GW quality protection measures and improve system management to mitigate pollution to reduce health hazards in the examined region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibru Gedam Berhanu
- Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Faculty of Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tarun Kumar Lohani
- Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Faculty of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Dagalo Hatiye
- Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Faculty of Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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2
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Schubert M, Lin M, Clark JF, Kralik M, Damatto S, Copia L, Terzer-Wassmuth S, Harjung A. Short-lived natural radionuclides as tracers in hydrogeological studies - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170800. [PMID: 38342445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Fundamental approaches to the study of groundwater rely on investigating the spatial and temporal distribution of stable and radioactive isotopes and other anthropogenic compounds in natural waterbodies. The most often used tracers for estimating groundwater flow paths and residence times, groundwater/surface water interaction as well as tracing chemical (contamination) sources include stable isotopes of water (δ 18O and δ 2H), radiocarbon (14C; t1/2 = 5730 a), tritium (3H; t1/2 = 12.43 a) as well as unreactive fluorine-containing gases (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons CCl3F or CFC-11; CCl2F3 or CFC-12; C2Cl3F3 or CFC-113; and SF6). While gas tracers are usually referred to as transient tracers and are appropriate for investigating modern flow systems, the isotopic tracers are often used to investigated paleo or regional flow systems. Stable isotopes of water can also be used to investigate groundwater/surface water interactions. Another, thus far been less frequently used group of groundwater tracers, are cosmo- and geo- genic short-lived radioisotopes. These isotopes are uniquely suited for studying a wide range of groundwater problems that have short time scales including high aquifer vulnerability to quantitative and qualitative impacts and groundwater discharge to surface waters. Here, we discuss and compare the applications of radio‑sulphur (35S; half-life t1/2 = 87 d), radio‑beryllium (7Be; t1/2 = 53 d), radio‑phosphorus (32/33P; combined t1/2 = 33 d), natural tritium (3H; t1/2 = 12.43 a), radon (222Rn; t1/2 = 3.8 d) and short-lived radium (224/223Ra; combined t1/2 = 5.2 d). The paper discusses the principles of the individual tracer methods, focusing on the isotopes' input functions or values, on sampling techniques, and on methods of analyses. Case studies that applied a combined use of the tracers are referred to for readers who wish to learn more about the application of the so far underused cosmo- and geo- genic radioisotopes as aquatic tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schubert
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department Catchment Hydrology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry and CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jordan F Clark
- Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Martin Kralik
- Department Umweltgeowissenchaften, Division of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE) Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Sandra Damatto
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitaria, 05508-000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Copia
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Terzer-Wassmuth
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Harjung
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Zhi W, Appling AP, Golden HE, Podgorski J, Li L. Deep learning for water quality. NATURE WATER 2024; 2:228-241. [PMID: 38846520 PMCID: PMC11151732 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting the quality of inland waters are challenging, particularly in the context of intensifying climate extremes expected in the future. These challenges arise partly due to complex processes that regulate water quality, and arduous and expensive data collection that exacerbate the issue of data scarcity. Traditional process-based and statistical models often fall short in predicting water quality. In this Review, we posit that deep learning represents an underutilized yet promising approach that can unravel intricate structures and relationships in high-dimensional data. We demonstrate that deep learning methods can help address data scarcity by filling temporal and spatial gaps and aid in formulating and testing hypotheses via identifying influential drivers of water quality. This Review highlights the strengths and limitations of deep learning methods relative to traditional approaches, and underscores its potential as an emerging and indispensable approach in overcoming challenges and discovering new knowledge in water-quality sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhi
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Hydrologic-Cycle and Hydrodynamic-System of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Heather E Golden
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joel Podgorski
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Li Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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4
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Snyder ED, Tank JL, Brandão-Dias PFP, Bibby K, Shogren AJ, Bivins AW, Peters B, Curtis EM, Bolster D, Egan SP, Lamberti GA. Environmental DNA (eDNA) removal rates in streams differ by particle size under varying substrate and light conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166469. [PMID: 37633388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a sampling tool offers insights into the detection of invasive and/or rare aquatic species and enables biodiversity assessment without traditional sampling approaches, which are often labor-intensive. However, our understanding of the environmental factors that impact eDNA removal (i.e., how rapidly eDNA is removed from the water column by the combination of decay and physical removal) in flowing waters is limited. This limitation constrains predictions about the location and density of target organisms after positive detection. To address this question, we spiked Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) eDNA into recirculating mesocosms (n = 24) under varying light (shaded versus open) and benthic substrate conditions (no substrate, bare substrate, and biofilm-colonized substrate). We then collected water samples from each mesocosm at four time points (40 min, 6 h, 18 h, and 48 h), and sequentially filtered the samples through 10, 1.0, and 0.2 μm filters to quantify removal rates for different eDNA particle sizes under varying light and substrate conditions. Combining all size classes, total eDNA removal rates were higher for mesocosms with biofilm-colonized substrate compared to those with no substrate or bare (i.e., no biofilm) substrate, which is consistent with previous findings linking biofilm colonization with increased eDNA removal and degradation. Additionally, when biofilm was present, light availability increased eDNA removal; eDNA levels fell below detection after 6-18 h for open mesocosms versus 18-48 h for shaded mesocosms. Among size classes, larger particles (>10 μm) were removed faster than small particles (1.0-0.2 μm). These results suggest that changes in the distribution of eDNA size classes over time (e.g., with downstream transport) and with differing environmental conditions could be used to predict the location of target organisms in flowing waters, which will advance the use of eDNA as a tool for species monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise D Snyder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | | | - Kyle Bibby
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall of Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Arial J Shogren
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Science and Engineering Complex,1325 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA.
| | - Aaron W Bivins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Brett Peters
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 721 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Erik M Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Diogo Bolster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall of Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Scott P Egan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA.
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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5
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King K, Burgess M, Schultz ET, Knighton J. Forecasting hydrologic controls on juvenile anadromous fish out-migration with process-based modeling and machine learning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118420. [PMID: 37336016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
River herring (Alosa sp.) are ecologically and economically foundational species in freshwater streams, estuaries, and oceanic ecosystems. The migration between fresh and saltwater is a key life stage of river herring, where the timing and magnitude of out-migration by juveniles can be limited when streams dry and hydrologic connectivity is lost. Operational decisions by water managers (e.g., restricting community water use) can impact out-migration success; however, these decisions are largely made without reliable predictions of outmigration potential across the migration season. This research presents a model to generate short-term forecasts of the probability of herring out-migration loss. We monitored streamflow and herring out-migration for 2 years at three critical runs along Long Island Sound (CT, USA) to develop empirical understandings of the hydrologic controls on out-migration. We used calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool hydrologic models of each site to generate 10,000 years of daily synthetic meteorological and streamflow records. These synthetic meteorological and streamflow data were used to train random forest models to provide rapid within-season forecasts of out-migration loss from two simple predictors: current spawning reservoir depth and the previous 30-day precipitation total. The resulting models were approximately 60%-80% accurate with a 1.5-month lead time and 70-90% accurate within 2 weeks. We anticipate that this tool will support regional decisions on spawning reservoir operations and community water withdrawals. The architecture of this tool provides a framework to facilitate broader predictions of the ecological consequences of streamflow connectivity loss in human-impacted watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine King
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Michael Burgess
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Eric T Schultz
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - James Knighton
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Wang Y, Yuan S, Shi J, Ma T, Xie X, Deng Y, Du Y, Gan Y, Guo Z, Dong Y, Zheng C, Jiang G. Groundwater Quality and Health: Making the Invisible Visible. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5125-5136. [PMID: 36877892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Linking groundwater quality to health will make the invisible groundwater visible, but there are knowledge gaps to understand the linkage which requires cross-disciplinary convergent research. The substances in groundwater that are critical to health can be classified into five types according to the sources and characteristics: geogenic substances, biogenic elements, anthropogenic contaminants, emerging contaminants, and pathogens. The most intriguing questions are related to quantitative assessment of human health and ecological risks of exposure to the critical substances via natural or induced artificial groundwater discharge: What is the list of critical substances released from discharging groundwater, and what are the pathways of the receptors' exposure to the critical substances? How to quantify the flux of critical substances during groundwater discharge? What procedures can we follow to assess human health and ecological risks of groundwater discharge? Answering these questions is fundamental for humans to deal with the challenges of water security and health risks related to groundwater quality. This perspective provides recent progresses, knowledge gaps, and future trends in understanding the linkage between groundwater quality and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yiran Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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7
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Amat‐Trigo F, Andreou D, Gillingham PK, Britton JR. Behavioural thermoregulation in cold-water freshwater fish: Innate resilience to climate warming? FISH AND FISHERIES (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2023; 24:187-195. [PMID: 37063475 PMCID: PMC10100141 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural thermoregulation enables ectotherms to access habitats providing conditions within their temperature optima, especially in periods of extreme thermal conditions, through adjustments to their behaviours that provide a "whole-body" response to temperature changes. Although freshwater fish have been detected as moving in response to temperature changes to access habitats that provide their thermal optima, there is a lack of integrative studies synthesising the extent to which this is driven by behaviour across different species and spatial scales. A quantitative global synthesis of behavioural thermoregulation in freshwater fish revealed that across 77 studies, behavioural thermoregulatory movements by fish were detected both vertically and horizontally, and from warm to cool waters and, occasionally, the converse. When fish moved from warm to cooler habitats, the extent of the temperature difference between these habitats decreased with increasing latitude, with juvenile and non-migratory fishes tolerating greater temperature differences than adult and anadromous individuals. With most studies focused on assessing movements of cold-water salmonids during summer periods, there remains an outstanding need for work on climatically vulnerable, non-salmonid fishes to understand how these innate thermoregulatory behaviours could facilitate population persistence in warming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Amat‐Trigo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
| | - Demetra Andreou
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
| | - Phillipa K. Gillingham
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
| | - J. Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
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8
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Assessing the effect of urbanization on regional-scale surface water-groundwater interaction and nitrate transport. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12520. [PMID: 35869141 PMCID: PMC9307516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying regional-scale surface water-groundwater interactions (SGI) is vital for predicting anthropogenic effects on surface water bodies and underlying aquifers. However, large-scale water and nutrient flux studies rely on surface water or groundwater-focused models. This study aims to model the effect of urbanization, which is usually accompanied by high groundwater abstraction and surface water pollution, particularly in the developing world, on a regional-scale SGI and nitrate loading. In the study area, the urban expansion increased by over 3% in the last decade. The integrated SWAT-MODFLOW model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Modular Finite-Difference Groundwater Flow (MODFLOW) coupling code, was used to assess SGI. By coupling SWAT-MODFLOW with Reactive Transport in 3-Dimensions, the nutrient loading to the river from point and non-point sources was also modeled. Basin average annual results show that groundwater discharge declined with increasing groundwater abstraction and increased with Land use/Land cover (LULC) changes. Groundwater recharge decreased significantly in the Belge season (February to May), and the river seepage and groundwater discharge decreased correspondingly. High spatiotemporal changes in SGI and nitrate loading were found under the combined LULC and groundwater abstraction scenarios. The water yield decreased by 15%. In a large part of the region, the nitrate loading increased by 17–250%. Seasonally controlled groundwater abstraction and water quality monitoring are essential in this region.
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9
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Maitland BM, Latzka AW. Shifting climate conditions affect recruitment in Midwestern stream trout, but depend on seasonal and spatial context. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M. Maitland
- Aquatic Science Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Fisheries Management Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Alexander W. Latzka
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Fisheries Management Madison Wisconsin USA
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10
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Xiu W, Wu M, Nixon SL, Lloyd JR, Bassil NM, Gai R, Zhang T, Su Z, Guo H. Genome-Resolved Metagenomic Analysis of Groundwater: Insights into Arsenic Mobilization in Biogeochemical Interaction Networks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10105-10119. [PMID: 35763428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-arsenic (As) groundwaters, a worldwide issue, are critically controlled by multiple interconnected biogeochemical processes. However, there is limited information on the complex biogeochemical interaction networks that cause groundwater As enrichment in aquifer systems. The western Hetao basin was selected as a study area to address this knowledge gap, offering an aquifer system where groundwater flows from an oxidizing proximal fan (low dissolved As) to a reducing flat plain (high dissolved As). The key microbial interaction networks underpinning the biogeochemical pathways responsible for As mobilization along the groundwater flow path were characterized by genome-resolved metagenomic analysis. Genes associated with microbial Fe(II) oxidation and dissimilatory nitrate reduction were noted in the proximal fan, suggesting the importance of nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation in immobilizing As. However, genes catalyzing microbial Fe(III) reduction (omcS) and As(V) detoxification (arsC) were highlighted in groundwater samples downgradient flow path, inferring that reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides mobilized As(V), followed by enzymatic reduction to As(III). Genes associated with ammonium oxidation (hzsABC and hdh) were also positively correlated with Fe(III) reduction (omcS), suggesting a role for the Feammox process in driving As mobilization. The current study illustrates how genomic sequencing tools can help dissect complex biogeochemical systems, and strengthen biogeochemical models that capture key aspects of groundwater As enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Institute of Earth sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Min Wu
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Sophie L Nixon
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Naji M Bassil
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ruixuan Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Institute of Earth sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tianjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Institute of Earth sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Institute of Earth sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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11
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Uhl A, Hahn HJ, Jäger A, Luftensteiner T, Siemensmeyer T, Döll P, Noack M, Schwenk K, Berkhoff S, Weiler M, Karwautz C, Griebler C. Making waves: Pulling the plug-Climate change effects will turn gaining into losing streams with detrimental effects on groundwater quality. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118649. [PMID: 35635915 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In many parts of the world, climate change has already caused a decline in groundwater recharge, whereas groundwater demand for drinking water production and irrigation continues to increase. In such regions, groundwater tables are steadily declining with major consequences for groundwater-surface water interactions. Predominantly gaining streams that rely on discharge of groundwater from the adjacent aquifer turn into predominantly losing streams whose water seeps into the underground. This reversal of groundwater-surface water interactions is associated with an increase of low river flows, drying of stream beds, and a switch of lotic ecosystems from perennial to intermittent, with consequences for fluvial and groundwater dependent ecosystems. Moreover, water infiltrating from rivers and streams can carry a complex mix of contaminants. Accordingly, the diversity and concentrations of compounds detected in groundwater has been increasing over the past decades. During low flow, stream and river discharge may consist mainly of treated wastewater. In losing stream systems, this contaminated water seeps into the adjoining aquifers. This threatens both ecosystems as well as drinking and irrigation water quality. Climate change is therefore severely altering landscape water balances, with groundwater-surface water-interactions having reached a tipping point in many cases. Current model projections harbor huge uncertainties and scientific evidence for these tipping points remains very limited. In particular, quantitative data on groundwater-surface water-interactions are scarce both on the local and the catchment scale. The result is poor public or political awareness, and appropriate management measures await implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Uhl
- German Limnological Society, Springs and Groundwater Working Group, Griesbachweg 8, Mühltal 64367, Germany
| | - Hans Jürgen Hahn
- Institute for Groundwater Ecology at the University of Koblenz - Landau, Campus Landau, Fortstrasse 7, Landau 76829, Germany.
| | - Anne Jäger
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Fortstrasse 7, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Teresa Luftensteiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Fortstrasse 7, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Tobias Siemensmeyer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Fortstrasse 7, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Petra Döll
- Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany; Senckenberg Leibniz Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany
| | - Markus Noack
- Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Fortstrasse 7, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Sven Berkhoff
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Fortstrasse 7, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department for Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, Freiburg 79098, Germany
| | - Clemens Karwautz
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Wien 1030, Austria
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Wien 1030, Austria
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12
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Yoshihara N, Matsumoto S, Umezawa R, Machida I. Catchment-scale impacts of shallow landslides on stream water chemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153970. [PMID: 35183625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Catchment water quality plays an important role in ecosystem and water resource management in mountainous areas. Shallow landslides triggered by earthquakes or heavy rainfall can cause a sudden and long-term deterioration in stream water quality by releasing contaminants into streams. Although many studies have been undertaken on the relationship between a single landslide and the water chemistry of a nearby river, little is known about the impact of densely distributed shallow landslides on stream water chemistry at the catchment scale. To this end, this study determined the major ion concentrations and isotopic compositions of stream water along with the shallow landslide area/catchment area ratio (LCR) in 37 headwater subcatchments in the southern part of Hokkaido, Japan, where an earthquake caused more than 6000 shallow landslides on September 6, 2018. In subcatchments with a high LCR, stream water exhibited significantly higher Ca2+ and HCO3- concentrations, while there was no correlation between the LCR and concentrations of Na+ and Cl-. The δ18O and δD values of stream water plotted between the local meteoric water lines of summer and winter precipitation, indicating that they originated from meteoric water. Shallow landslides formed sliding surfaces, landslide deposits, and landslide-dammed lakes, which enhanced the interaction between the surface soil and stream water, leading to Ca-HCO3 type water. The results showed that shallow-landslide-driven changes in stream water quality could be linearly approximated by the fraction of the landslide area at the catchment scale, which is a more versatile approach than the local framework of a single landslide and a nearby stream. In future research, these findings could be combined with a slope stability model and the background climatic, geological, topographical, and water quality conditions of a watershed to evaluate water pollution triggered by shallow landslides at the catchment scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Yoshihara
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan.
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Umezawa
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Isao Machida
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
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13
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Hitt NP, Landsman AP, Raesly RL. Life history strategies of stream fishes linked to predictors of hydrologic stability. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8861. [PMID: 35509608 PMCID: PMC9055292 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history theory provides a framework to understand environmental change based on species strategies for survival and reproduction under stable, cyclical, or stochastic environmental conditions. We evaluated environmental predictors of fish life history strategies in 20 streams intersecting a national park within the Potomac River basin in eastern North America. We sampled stream sites during 2018–2019 and collected 3801 individuals representing 51 species within 10 taxonomic families. We quantified life history strategies for species from their coordinates in an ordination space defined by trade‐offs in spawning season duration, fecundity, and parental care characteristic of opportunistic, periodic, and equilibrium strategies. Our analysis revealed important environmental predictors: Abundance of opportunistic strategists increased with low‐permeability soils that produce flashy runoff dynamics and decreased with karst terrain (carbonate bedrock) where groundwater inputs stabilize stream flow and temperature. Conversely, abundance of equilibrium strategists increased in karst terrain indicating a response to more stable environmental conditions. Our study indicated that fish community responses to groundwater and runoff processes may be explained by species traits for survival and reproduction. Our findings also suggest the utility of life history theory for understanding ecological responses to destabilized environmental conditions under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P. Hitt
- U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Eastern Ecological Science Center Kearneysville West Virginia USA
| | - Andrew P. Landsman
- National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park Williamsport Maryland USA
| | - Richard L. Raesly
- Department of Biology Frostburg State University Frostburg Maryland USA
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14
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McDonough LK, Andersen MS, Behnke MI, Rutlidge H, Oudone P, Meredith K, O'Carroll DM, Santos IR, Marjo CE, Spencer RGM, McKenna AM, Baker A. A new conceptual framework for the transformation of groundwater dissolved organic matter. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2153. [PMID: 35444183 PMCID: PMC9021313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater comprises 95% of the liquid fresh water on Earth and contains a diverse mix of dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecules which play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Currently, the storage times and degradation pathways of groundwater DOM are unclear, preventing an accurate estimate of groundwater carbon sources and sinks for global carbon budgets. Here we reveal the transformations of DOM in aging groundwater using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry combined with radiocarbon dating. Long-term anoxia and a lack of photodegradation leads to the removal of oxidised DOM and a build-up of both reduced photodegradable formulae and aerobically biolabile formulae with a strong microbial signal. This contrasts with the degradation pathway of DOM in oxic marine, river, and lake systems. Our findings suggest that processes such as groundwater extraction and subterranean groundwater discharge to oceans could result in up to 13 Tg of highly photolabile and aerobically biolabile groundwater dissolved organic carbon released to surface environments per year, where it can be rapidly degraded. These findings highlight the importance of considering groundwater DOM in global carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza K McDonough
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia. .,Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Martin S Andersen
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Megan I Behnke
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Helen Rutlidge
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Phetdala Oudone
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Isaac R Santos
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, USA
| | - Andy Baker
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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15
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Abstract
AbstractWatershed resilience is the ability of a watershed to maintain its characteristic system state while concurrently resisting, adapting to, and reorganizing after hydrological (for example, drought, flooding) or biogeochemical (for example, excessive nutrient) disturbances. Vulnerable waters include non-floodplain wetlands and headwater streams, abundant watershed components representing the most distal extent of the freshwater aquatic network. Vulnerable waters are hydrologically dynamic and biogeochemically reactive aquatic systems, storing, processing, and releasing water and entrained (that is, dissolved and particulate) materials along expanding and contracting aquatic networks. The hydrological and biogeochemical functions emerging from these processes affect the magnitude, frequency, timing, duration, storage, and rate of change of material and energy fluxes among watershed components and to downstream waters, thereby maintaining watershed states and imparting watershed resilience. We present here a conceptual framework for understanding how vulnerable waters confer watershed resilience. We demonstrate how individual and cumulative vulnerable-water modifications (for example, reduced extent, altered connectivity) affect watershed-scale hydrological and biogeochemical disturbance response and recovery, which decreases watershed resilience and can trigger transitions across thresholds to alternative watershed states (for example, states conducive to increased flood frequency or nutrient concentrations). We subsequently describe how resilient watersheds require spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in hydrological and biogeochemical interactions between terrestrial systems and down-gradient waters, which necessitates attention to the conservation and restoration of vulnerable waters and their downstream connectivity gradients. To conclude, we provide actionable principles for resilient watersheds and articulate research needs to further watershed resilience science and vulnerable-water management.
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16
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Exploring Local Riverbank Sediment Controls on the Occurrence of Preferential Groundwater Discharge Points. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater discharge to rivers takes many forms, including preferential groundwater discharge points (PDPs) along riverbanks that are exposed at low flows, with multi-scale impacts on aquatic habitat and water quality. The physical controls on the spatial distribution of PDPs along riverbanks are not well-defined, rendering their prediction and representation in models challenging. To investigate the local riverbank sediment controls on PDP occurrence, we tested drone-based and handheld thermal infrared to efficiently map PDP locations along two mainstem rivers. Early in the study, we found drone imaging was better suited to locating tributary and stormwater inflows, which created relatively large water surface thermal anomalies in winter, compared to PDPs that often occurred at the sub-meter scale and beneath riparian tree canopy. Therefore, we primarily used handheld thermal infrared imaging from watercraft to map PDPs and larger seepage faces along 12-km of the fifth-order Housatonic River in Massachusetts, USA and 26-km of the Farmington River in Connecticut, USA. Overall, we mapped 31 riverbank PDPs along the Housatonic reach that meanders through lower permeability soils, and 104 PDPs along the Farmington reach that cuts through sandier sediments. Riverbank soil parameters extracted at PDP locations from the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database did not differ substantially from average bank soils along either reach, although the Farmington riverbank soils were on average 5× more permeable than Housatonic riverbank soils, likely contributing to the higher observed prevalence of PDPs. Dissolved oxygen measured in discharge water at these same PDPs varied widely, but showed no relation to measured sand, clay, or organic matter content in surficial soils indicating a lack of substantial near-surface aerobic reaction. The PDP locations were investigated for the presence of secondary bank structures, and commonly co-occurred with riparian tree root masses indicating the importance of localized physical controls on the spatial distribution of riverbank PDPs.
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17
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Kelleher CA, Golden HE, Archfield SA. Monthly river temperature trends across the US confound annual changes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2021; 16:1-10. [PMID: 36582813 PMCID: PMC9797052 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate variations and human modifications of the water cycle continue to alter the Earth's surface water and energy exchanges. It is therefore critical to ascertain how these changes impact water quality and aquatic ecosystem habitat metrics such as river temperatures. Though river temperature trend analyses exist in the literature, studies on seasonal trends in river temperatures across large spatial extents, e.g. the contiguous United States (US), are limited. As we show through both annual and monthly trend analyses for 20 year (n = 138 sites) and 40 year (n = 40 sites) periods, annual temperature trends across the US mask extensive monthly variability. While most sites exhibited annual warming trends, these annual trends obscured sub-annual cooling trends at many sites. Monthly trend anomalies were spatially organized, with persistent regional patterns at both reference and human-impacted sites. The largest warming and cooling anomalies happened at human impacted sites and during summer months. Though our analysis points to coherence in trends as well as the overall impact of human activity in driving these patterns, we did not investigate the impact of river temperature observation accuracy on reported trends, an area needed for future work. Overall, these patterns emphasize the need to consider sub-annual behavior when managing the ecological impacts of river temperature throughout lotic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa A Kelleher
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Heather E Golden
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Stacey A Archfield
- Water Resources Mission Area, US Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States of America
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18
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Linking Hydrogeology and Ecology in Karst Landscapes: The Response of Epigean and Obligate Groundwater Copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda). WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater invertebrate communities in karst landscapes are known to vary in response to multiple environmental factors. This study aims to explore the invertebrate assemblages’ composition of an Apennine karst system in Italy mainly described by the Rio Gamberale surface stream and the Stiffe Cave. The stream sinks into the carbonate rock and predominantly feeds the saturated karst into the cave. For a minor portion, groundwater flows from the epikarst and the perched aquifer within it. The spatial distribution of the species belonging to the selected target group of the Crustacea Copepoda between the surface stream and the groundwater habitats inside the cave highlighted a different response of surface-water species and obligate groundwater dwellers to the hydrogeological traits of the karst unit. Our results suggest that fast endorheic infiltration routes promoted the drift of epigean species from the surface to groundwater via the sinking stream while most of the obligate groundwater dwellers come from the perched aquifer in the epikarst from diffuse infiltration pathways.
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