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Chu S, Zhang F, Chen D, Chen M, Liu P. Atomic-Scale In Situ Observations of Reversible Phase Transformation Assisted Twinning in a CrCoNi Medium-Entropy Alloy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3624-3630. [PMID: 38421603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Twinning is an important deformation mode of face-centered-cubic (FCC) medium- and high-entropy alloys, especially under extreme loading conditions. However, the twinning mechanism in these alloys that have a low or even negative stacking fault energy remains debated. Here, we report atomic-scale in situ observations of the deformation process of a prototypical CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy under tension. We found that the parent FCC phase first transforms into a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase through Shockley partial dislocations slipping on the alternate {111} planes. Subsequently, the HCP phase rapidly changes to an FCC twin band. Such reversible phase transformation assisted twinning is greatly promoted by external tensile loads, as elucidated by geometric phase analysis. These results indicate the previously underestimated role of the metastable HCP phase in nanotwin nucleation and early plastic deformations of CrCoNi alloys and shed light on microstructure regulation of medium-entropy alloys with enhanced mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University - JA Solar New Energy Materials Joint Research Center, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dengke Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, Maryland, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University - JA Solar New Energy Materials Joint Research Center, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Huang Y, Yin K, Li B, Zheng A, Wu B, Sun L, Nie M. Microelectromechanical system for in situ quantitative testing of tension-compression asymmetry in nanostructures. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:254-263. [PMID: 38014510 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tension-compression asymmetry is a topic of current interest in nanostructures, especially in strain engineering. Herein, we report a novel on-chip microelectromechanical system (MEMS) that can realize in situ quantitative mechanical testing of nanostructures under tension-compression functions. The mechanical properties of three kinds of nanostructures fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) techniques were systematically investigated with the presented on-chip testing system. The results declare that both Pt nanopillars and C nanowires exhibit plastic deformation behavior under tension testing, with average Young's moduli of 70.06 GPa and 58.32 GPa, respectively. However, the mechanical deformation mechanisms of the two nanostructures changed in compression tests. The Pt nanopillar exhibited in-plane buckling behavior, while the C nanowire displayed 3D twisting behavior with a maximum strain of 25.47%, which is far greater than the tensile strain. Moreover, asymmetric behavior was also observed in the C nanospring during five loading-unloading tension-compression deformation tests. This work provides a novel insight into the asymmetric mechanical properties of nanostructures, with potential applications in nanotechnology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Huang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Kuibo Yin
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Binghui Li
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Anqi Zheng
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Bozhi Wu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Meng Nie
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Han Y, Wang L, Cao K, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Hou Y, Lu Y. In Situ TEM Characterization and Modulation for Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:14119-14184. [PMID: 38055201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state phase transformation is an intriguing phenomenon in crystalline or noncrystalline solids due to the distinct physical and chemical properties that can be obtained and modified by phase engineering. Compared to bulk solids, nanomaterials exhibit enhanced capability for phase engineering due to their small sizes and high surface-to-volume ratios, facilitating various emerging applications. To establish a comprehensive atomistic understanding of phase engineering, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques have emerged as powerful tools, providing unprecedented atomic-resolution imaging, multiple characterization and stimulation mechanisms, and real-time integrations with various external fields. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of recent advances in in situ TEM studies to characterize and modulate nanomaterials for phase transformations under different stimuli, including mechanical, thermal, electrical, environmental, optical, and magnetic factors. We briefly introduce crystalline structures and polymorphism and then summarize phase stability and phase transformation models. The advanced experimental setups of in situ techniques are outlined and the advantages of in situ TEM phase engineering are highlighted, as demonstrated via several representative examples. Besides, the distinctive properties that can be obtained from in situ phase engineering are presented. Finally, current challenges and future research opportunities, along with their potential applications, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Jingzhuo Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yingxin Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuan Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Li D, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zeng W, Zhang Z, Li S, Lian H, Yang C, Ma Y, Fu L, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Zhai Y, Mao S, Wang L, Han X. In Situ Atomic-Scale Quantitative Evidence of Plastic Activities Resulting in Reparable Deformation in Ultrasmall-Sized Ag Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 38010413 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Permanent structural changes in pure metals that are caused by plastic activity are normally irreparable after unloading. Because of the lack of experimental evidence, it is unclear whether the plastic activity can be repaired as the size of the pure metals decreases to several nanometers; it is also unclear how the metals accommodate the plastic deformation. In this study, the in situ atomic-scale loading and unloading of ∼2 nm Ag nanocrystals was investigated, and three modes of plastic deformation were observed: (i) the phase transition from the face-centered cubic (fcc) phase to the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase, (ii) stacking faults, and (iii) deformation twin nucleation. We show that all three modes resulted in structural changes that were reparable, and their generation and restoration during loading and unloading were observed in situ. We discovered that the deformation modes of nanosized metals can be predicted from the ratio of the energy barriers of the fcc-hcp phase transition (ΔγH) and the deformation twin nucleation (ΔγT), which differ from those of the theoretical modes of relatively large-sized metals. The proposed ΔγH/ΔγT criterion provides insights into the deformation mechanism of nanometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Li
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhanxin Wang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Weijing Zeng
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huibin Lian
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chengpeng Yang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Libo Fu
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yizhong Guo
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yadi Zhai
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shengcheng Mao
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Zhang J, Yang X, Li Z, Cai J, Zhang J, Han X. Novel Method for Image-Based Quantified In Situ Transmission Electron Microscope Nanoindentation with High Spatial and Temporal Resolutions. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1708. [PMID: 37763871 PMCID: PMC10537563 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In situ TEM mechanical stages based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have developed rapidly over recent decades. However, image-based quantification of MEMS mechanical stages suffers from the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolutions. Here, by taking in situ TEM nanoindentation as an example, we developed a novel method for image-based quantified in situ TEM mechanical tests with both high spatial and temporal resolutions. A reference beam was introduced to the close vicinity of the indenter-sample region. By arranging the indenter, the sample, and the reference beam in a micron-sized area, the indentation depth and load can be directly and dynamically acquired from the relative motion of markers on the three components, while observing the indentation process at a relatively high magnification. No alteration of viewing area is involved throughout the process. Therefore, no deformation events will be missed, and the collection rate of quantification data can be raised significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- College of Electronic Information and Control Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Bestron (Beijing) Science and Technology, Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jixiang Cai
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Bestron (Beijing) Science and Technology, Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Wang X, Dai X, Chen Y. Sonopiezoelectric Nanomedicine and Materdicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301693. [PMID: 37093550 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous electric field is ubiquitous in a multitude of important living activities such as bone repair, cell signal transduction, and nerve regeneration, signifying that regulating the electric field in organisms is highly beneficial to maintain organism health. As an emerging and promising research direction, piezoelectric nanomedicine and materdicine precisely activated by ultrasound with synergetic advantages of deep tissue penetration, remote spatiotemporal selectivity, and mechanical-electrical energy interconversion, have been progressively utilized for disease treatment and tissue repair by participating in the modulation of endogenous electric field. This specific nanomedicine utilizing piezoelectric effect activated by ultrasound is typically regarded as "sonopiezoelectric nanomedicine". This comprehensive review summarizes and discusses the substantially employed sonopiezoelectric nanomaterials and nanotherapies to provide an insight into the internal mechanism of the corresponding biological behavior/effect of sonopiezoelectric biomaterials in versatile disease treatments. This review primarily focuses on the sonopiezoelectric biomaterials for biosensing, drug delivery, tumor therapy, tissue regeneration, antimicrobia, and further illuminates the underlying sonopiezoelectric mechanism. In addition, the challenges and developments/prospects of sonopiezoelectric nanomedicine are analyzed for promoting the further clinical translation. It is earnestly expected that this kind of nanomedicine/biomaterials-enabled sonopiezoelectric technology will provoke the comprehensive investigation and promote the clinical development of the next-generation multifunctional materdicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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A small-dataset-trained deep learning framework for identifying atoms on transmission electron microscopy images. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2631. [PMID: 36788257 PMCID: PMC9929221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To accurately identify atoms on noisy transmission electron microscope images, a deep learning (DL) approach is employed to estimate the map of probabilities at each pixel for being an atom with element discernment. Thanks to a delicately-designed loss function and the ability to extract features, the proposed DL networks can be trained by a small dataset created from approximately 30 experimental images, each with a size of 256 × 256 pixels2. The accuracy and robustness of the network were verified by resolving the structural defects of graphene and polar structures in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 multilayers from both the general TEM images and their imitated images on which intensities of some pixels lost randomly. Such a network has the potential to identify atoms from very few images of beam-sensitive material and explosive images recorded in a dynamical atomic process. The idea of using a small-dataset-trained DL framework to resolve a specific problem may prove instructive for practical DL applications in various fields.
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Zeng Z, Zhou H, He J, Liu P, Chen M, Han J, Srolovitz DJ, Teng J, Guo Y, Yang G, Kong D, Ma E, Hu Y, Yin B, Huang X, Zhang Z, Zhu T, Han X. Tracking the sliding of grain boundaries at the atomic scale. Science 2022; 375:1261-1265. [PMID: 35298254 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Grain boundaries (GBs) play an important role in the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline materials. Despite decades of investigation, the atomic-scale dynamic processes of GB deformation remain elusive, particularly for the GBs in polycrystals, which are commonly of the asymmetric and general type. We conducted an in situ atomic-resolution study to reveal how sliding-dominant deformation is accomplished at general tilt GBs in platinum bicrystals. We observed either direct atomic-scale sliding along the GB or sliding with atom transfer across the boundary plane. The latter sliding process was mediated by movements of disconnections that enabled the transport of GB atoms, leading to a previously unrecognized mode of coupled GB sliding and atomic plane transfer. These results enable an atomic-scale understanding of how general GBs slide in polycrystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jian He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David J Srolovitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,International Digital Economy Academy (IDEA), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Teng
- Department of Material Physics and Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yizhong Guo
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guo Yang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Deli Kong
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - En Ma
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yongli Hu
- Beijing Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Baocai Yin
- Beijing Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - XiaoXu Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.,Department of Materials Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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