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Ding Y, Feng X, Feng E, Chang J, Li H, Long C, Gao Y, Lu S, Yang J. Multi-Functional Regulation on Buried Interface for Achieving Efficient Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308836. [PMID: 38258401 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mixed-cation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention because of the advantages of suitable bandgap and stability. It is still a challenge to rationally design and modify the perovskite/tin oxide (SnO2) heterogeneous interface for achieving highly efficient and stable PSCs. Herein, a strategy of one-stone-for-three-birds is proposed to achieve multi-functional interface regulation via introducing N-Chlorosuccinimide (NCS) into the solution of SnO2: i) C═O functional group in NCS can induces strong binding affinity to uncoordinated defects (oxygen vacancies, free lead ions, etc) at the buried interface and passivate them; ii) incomplete in situ hydrolysis reactions can occur spontaneously and adjust the pH value of the SnO2 solution to achieve a more matchable energy level; iii) effectively releasing the residual stress of the underlying perovskite. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.74% is achieved with a device structure of ITO/SnO2/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, which is one of the highest values for cesium-formamidinium-methylammonium (CsFAMA) triple cation PSCs. Furthermore, the device without encapsulation can sustain 94.6% of its initial PCE after the storage at room temperature and relative humidity (RH) of 20% for 40 days. The research provides a versatile way to manipulate buried interface for achieving efficient and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiangxiang Feng
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Erming Feng
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jianhui Chang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hengyue Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Caoyu Long
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yuanji Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Siyuan Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Junliang Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
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Yuan M, Qiu Y, Gao H, Feng J, Jiang L, Wu Y. Molecular Electronics: From Nanostructure Assembly to Device Integration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7885-7904. [PMID: 38483827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Integrated electronics and optoelectronics based on organic semiconductors have attracted considerable interest in displays, photovoltaics, and biosensing owing to their designable electronic properties, solution processability, and flexibility. Miniaturization and integration of devices are growing trends in molecular electronics and optoelectronics for practical applications, which requires large-scale and versatile assembly strategies for patterning organic micro/nano-structures with simultaneously long-range order, pure orientation, and high resolution. Although various integration methods have been developed in past decades, molecular electronics still needs a versatile platform to avoid defects and disorders due to weak intermolecular interactions in organic materials. In this perspective, a roadmap of organic integration technologies in recent three decades is provided to review the history of molecular electronics. First, we highlight the importance of long-range-ordered molecular packing for achieving exotic electronic and photophysical properties. Second, we classify the strategies for large-scale integration of molecular electronics through the control of nucleation and crystallographic orientation, and evaluate them based on factors of resolution, crystallinity, orientation, scalability, and versatility. Third, we discuss the multifunctional devices and integrated circuits based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and photodetectors. Finally, we explore future research directions and outlines the need for further development of molecular electronics, including assembly of doped organic semiconductors and heterostructures, biological interfaces in molecular electronics and integrated organic logics based on complementary FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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3
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Qin X, Yu X, Li Z, Fang J, Yan L, Wu N, Nyman M, Österbacka R, Huang R, Li Z, Ma CQ. Thermal-Induced Performance Decay of the State-of-the-Art Polymer: Non-Fullerene Solar Cells and the Method of Suppression. Molecules 2023; 28:6856. [PMID: 37836699 PMCID: PMC10574091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving thermal stability is of great importance for the industrialization of polymer solar cells (PSC). In this paper, we systematically investigated the high-temperature thermal annealing effect on the device performance of the state-of-the-art polymer:non-fullerene (PM6:Y6) solar cells with an inverted structure. Results revealed that the overall performance decay (19% decrease) was mainly due to the fast open-circuit voltage (VOC, 10% decrease) and fill factor (FF, 10% decrease) decays whereas short circuit current (JSC) was relatively stable upon annealing at 150 °C (0.5% decrease). Pre-annealing on the ZnO/PM6:Y6 at 150 °C before the completion of cell fabrication resulted in a 1.7% performance decrease, while annealing on the ZnO/PM6:Y6/MoO3 films led to a 10.5% performance decay, indicating that the degradation at the PM6:Y6/MoO3 interface is the main reason for the overall performance decay. The increased ideality factor and reduced built-in potential confirmed by dark J - V curve analysis further confirmed the increased interfacial charge recombination after thermal annealing. The interaction of PM6:Y6 and MoO3 was proved by UV-Vis absorption and XPS measurements. Such deep chemical doping of PM6:Y6 led to unfavorable band alignment at the interface, which led to increased surface charge recombination and reduced built-in potential of the cells after thermal annealing. Inserting a thin C60 layer between the PM6:Y6 and MoO3 significantly improved the cells' thermal stability, and less than 2% decay was measured for the optimized cell with 3 nm C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Qin
- i-Lab &Printed Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China (R.Ö.)
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren Ai Road, SEID SIP, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuelai Yu
- i-Lab &Printed Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China (R.Ö.)
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 398 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zerui Li
- i-Lab &Printed Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China (R.Ö.)
| | - Jin Fang
- i-Lab &Printed Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China (R.Ö.)
| | - Lingpeng Yan
- i-Lab &Printed Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China (R.Ö.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Na Wu
- i-Lab &Printed Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China (R.Ö.)
| | - Mathias Nyman
- Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Ronald Österbacka
- i-Lab &Printed Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China (R.Ö.)
- Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Rong Huang
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, SIP, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiyun Li
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, SIP, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- i-Lab &Printed Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China (R.Ö.)
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 398 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Yan T, Ge J, Su L, Liu X, Fang X. Designing Ordered Organic Small-Molecule Domains for Ultraviolet Detection and Micrometer-Sized Flexible Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8295-8302. [PMID: 37638790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors displaying an ultraviolet (UV) spectral response window are typically based on wide-bandgap semiconductors that have long been dominated by inorganic materials that suffer from bottlenecks of low flexibility and a limited material family. Here, we synthesized a novel organic small molecule and controlled its crystallization to suppress leakage currents and facilitate separation of the carriers, and the relationship between the nanoscale phase separation morphology and the optoelectrical performance of the photodetectors is disclosed. Our optimized organic photodetector (OPD) presents a UV spectral response window, with superior self-powered responsivities of 45 mA/W (under 250 nm light) and 70 mA/W (under 300 nm light), outperforming the Si photodiode and rivaling other reported UV self-powered photodetectors. Finally, an imaging system was constructed to demonstrate the application potential of the OPD in UV flexible imaging with high-resolution arrays of 400 pixels × 400 pixels (5 μm × 5 μm per pixel), which could work in bent states and successfully output images of micrometer-sized objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xinya Liu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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5
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Liu Q, Vandewal K. Understanding and Suppressing Non-Radiative Recombination Losses in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302452. [PMID: 37201949 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells benefit from non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) due to their high absorption coefficients, tunable frontier energy levels, and optical gaps, as well as their relatively high luminescence quantum efficiencies as compared to fullerenes. Those merits result in high yields of charge generation at a low or negligible energetic offset at the donor/NFA heterojunction, with efficiencies over 19% achieved for single-junction devices. Pushing this value significantly over 20% requires an increase in open-circuit voltage, which is currently still well below the thermodynamic limit. This can only be achieved by reducing non-radiative recombination, and hereby increasing the electroluminescence quantum efficiency of the photo-active layer. Here, current understanding of the origin of non-radiative decay, as well as an accurate quantification of the associated voltage losses are summarized. Promising strategies for suppressing these losses are highlighted, with focus on new material design, optimization of donor-acceptor combination, and blend morphology. This review aims at guiding researchers in their quest to find future solar harvesting donor-acceptor blends, which combine a high yield of exciton dissociation with a high yield of radiative free carrier recombination and low voltage losses, hereby closing the efficiency gap with inorganic and perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Hasselt University, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Hasselt University, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
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6
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Wang M, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Shen Y, Lv M, Yan Y, Zhou H, Zhang J, Lv K, Zhang Y, Peng H, Wei Z. Improving the efficiency of ternary organic solar cells by reducing energy loss. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1073-1081. [PMID: 37345335 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Effectively reducing the voltage loss in organic solar cells (OSCs) is critical to improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. In this study, highly efficient ternary OSCs were constructed by adding a non-fullerene acceptor Qx2 with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) and low energy loss (Eloss) into PM6:m-BTP-PhC6 based binary devices. The third component Qx2 shows slightly complementary absorption with m-BTP-PhC6 and also optimizes the molecular packing, orientation, and morphology of the active layer. Moreover, the incorporation of Qx2 reduced the energetic disorder and improved the electroluminescence quantum efficiency, which suppresses the Eloss and further leads to a higher VOC than the PM6:m-BTP-PhC6 binary blend. Consequently, synergetic enhancements of VOC, short circuit current (JSC), and fill factor (FF) are realized, resulting in the PCE of 18.60%. This work shows that the selection of the appropriate third component has positive implications for reducing Eloss and improving the PCE of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Lv
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangjun Yan
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huiqion Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Li H, Feng X, Huang K, Lu S, Wang X, Feng E, Chang J, Long C, Gao Y, Chen Z, Yi C, He J, Yang J. Constructing Additives Synergy Strategy to Doctor-Blade Efficient CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells under a Wide Range of Humidity from 45% to 82. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300374. [PMID: 36919329 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising and competitive photovoltaic technologies, and doctor-blading is a facile and robust deposition technique to efficiently fabricate PSCs in large scale, especially matching with roll-to-roll process. Herein, it demonstrates the encouraging results of one-step, antisolvent-free doctor-bladed methylammonium lead iodide (CH3 NH3 PbI3, MAPbI3 ) PSCs under a wide range of humidity from 45% to 82%. A synergy strategy of ionic-liquid methylammonium acetate (MAAc) and molecular phenylurea additives is developed to modulate the morphology and crystallization process of MAPbI3 perovskite film, leading to high-quality MAPbI3 perovskite film with large-size crystal, low defect density, and ultrasmooth surface. Impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.34% is achieved for doctor-bladed PSCs under the humidity over 80% with a device structure of ITO/SnO2 /MAPbI3 /Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag. It is the highest PCEs for one-step solution-processed MAPbI3 PSCs without antisolvent assistance. The research provides a facile and robust large-scale deposition technique to fabricate highly efficient and stable PSCs under a wide range of humidity, even with the humidity over 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyue Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Feng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Keqing Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Erming Feng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Chang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Caoyu Long
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuanji Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chenyi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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8
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Zarrabi N, Sandberg OJ, Meredith P, Armin A. Subgap Absorption in Organic Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3174-3185. [PMID: 36961944 PMCID: PMC10084470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have found a broad range of application in areas such as light emission, photovoltaics, and optoelectronics. The active components in such devices are based on molecular and polymeric organic semiconductors, where the density of states is generally determined by the disordered nature of the molecular solid rather than energy bands. Inevitably, there exist states within the energy gap which may include tail states, deep traps caused by unavoidable impurities and defects, as well as intermolecular states due to (radiative) charge transfer states. In this Perspective, we first summarize methods to determine the absorption features due to the subgap states. We then explain how subgap states can be parametrized based upon the subgap spectral line shapes. We finally describe the role of subgap states in the performance metrics of organic semiconductor devices from a thermodynamic viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Zarrabi
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Ser-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar J. Sandberg
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Ser-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Ser-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Ser-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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9
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Guo Y, Zhu L, Duan R, Han G, Yi Y. Molecular Design of A-D-A Electron Acceptors Towards Low Energy Loss for Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203356. [PMID: 36504417 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low energy loss is a prerequisite for organic solar cells to achieve high photovoltaic efficiency. Electron-vibration coupling (i. e., intramolecular reorganization energy) plays a crucial role in the photoelectrical conversion and energy loss processes. In this Concept article, we summarize our recent theoretical advances on revealing the energy loss mechanisms at the molecular level of A-D-A electron acceptors. We underline the importance of electron-vibration couplings on reducing the energy loss and describe the effective molecular design strategies towards low energy loss through decreasing the electron-vibration couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ruihong Duan
- School of Science, Xuchang University Xuchang, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang L, Sun R, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhu Q, Ma W, Min J, Wei Z, Deng D. Donor End-Capped Alkyl Chain Length Dependent Non-Radiative Energy Loss in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207020. [PMID: 36263872 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical bottleneck for further efficiency breakthroughs in organic solar cells (OSCs) is to minimize the non-radiative energy loss (eΔVnr ) while maximizing the charge generation. With the development of highly emissive low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptors, the design of high-performance donors becomes critical to enable the blend with the electroluminescence quantum efficiency to approach or surpass the pristine acceptor. Herein, by shortening the end-capped alkyl chains of the small-molecular donors from hexyl (MPhS-C6) to ethyl (MPhS-C2), the material obtained aggregation that was insensitive to thermal annealing (TA) along with condensed packing simultaneously. The former leads to small phase separation and suppressed upshifts of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level during TA, and the latter facilitates its efficient charge-transport at aggregation-less packing. Hence, the ΔVnr decreases from 0.242 to 0.182 V, from MPhS-C6 to MPhS-C2 based OSCs. An excellent PCE of 17.11% is obtained by 1,8-diiodoctane addition due to almost unchanged high Jsc (26.6 mA cm-2 ) and Voc (0.888 V) with improved fill factor, which is the record efficiency with the smallest energy loss (0.497 eV) and ΔVnr (0.192 V) in all-small-molecule OSCs. These results emphasize the potential material design direction of obtaining concurrent TA-insensitive aggregation and condensed packing to maximize the device performances with a super low ΔVnr .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qinglian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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11
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El-Mahalawy AM, Amin FM, Wassel AR, Salam MA. Overcoming the poor performance of n-CdS/p-SnS solar cells by plasmonic effect of gold and silver nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS 2022; 923:166484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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12
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Turedi B, Lintangpradipto MN, Sandberg OJ, Yazmaciyan A, Matt GJ, Alsalloum AY, Almasabi K, Sakhatskyi K, Yakunin S, Zheng X, Naphade R, Nematulloev S, Yeddu V, Baran D, Armin A, Saidaminov MI, Kovalenko MV, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM. Single-Crystal Perovskite Solar Cells Exhibit Close to Half A Millimeter Electron-Diffusion Length. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202390. [PMID: 36069995 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal halide perovskites exhibit photogenerated-carriers of high mobility and long lifetime, making them excellent candidates for applications demanding thick semiconductors, such as ionizing radiation detectors, nuclear batteries, and concentrated photovoltaics. However, charge collection depreciates with increasing thickness; therefore, tens to hundreds of volts of external bias is required to extract charges from a thick perovskite layer, leading to a considerable amount of dark current and fast degradation of perovskite absorbers. However, extending the carrier-diffusion length can mitigate many of the anticipated issues preventing the practical utilization of perovskites in the abovementioned applications. Here, single-crystal perovskite solar cells that are up to 400 times thicker than state-of-the-art perovskite polycrystalline films are fabricated, yet retain high charge-collection efficiency in the absence of an external bias. Cells with thicknesses of 110, 214, and 290 µm display power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 20.0, 18.4, and 14.7%, respectively. The remarkable persistence of high PCEs, despite the increase in thickness, is a result of a long electron-diffusion length in those cells, which was estimated, from the thickness-dependent short-circuit current, to be ≈0.45 mm under 1 sun illumination. These results pave the way for adapting perovskite devices to optoelectronic applications in which a thick active layer is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Turedi
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad N Lintangpradipto
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Oskar J Sandberg
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Aren Yazmaciyan
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gebhard J Matt
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Abdullah Y Alsalloum
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Almasabi
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kostiantyn Sakhatskyi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Sergii Yakunin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rounak Naphade
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saidkhodzha Nematulloev
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vishal Yeddu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Derya Baran
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Lu H, Chen K, Bobba RS, Shi J, Li M, Wang Y, Xue J, Xue P, Zheng X, Thorn KE, Wagner I, Lin CY, Song Y, Ma W, Tang Z, Meng Q, Qiao Q, Hodgkiss JM, Zhan X. Simultaneously Enhancing Exciton/Charge Transport in Organic Solar Cells by an Organoboron Additive. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205926. [PMID: 36027579 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient exciton diffusion and charge transport play a vital role in advancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a facile strategy is presented to simultaneously enhance exciton/charge transport of the widely studied PM6:Y6-based OSCs by employing highly emissive trans-bis(dimesitylboron)stilbene (BBS) as a solid additive. BBS transforms the emissive sites from a more H-type aggregate into a more J-type aggregate, which benefits the resonance energy transfer for PM6 exciton diffusion and energy transfer from PM6 to Y6. Transient gated photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements indicate that addition of BBS improves the exciton diffusion coefficient of PM6 and the dissociation of PM6 excitons in the PM6:Y6:BBS film. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements confirm faster charge generation in PM6:Y6:BBS. Moreover, BBS helps improve Y6 crystallization, and current-sensing atomic force microscopy characterization reveals an improved charge-carrier diffusion length in PM6:Y6:BBS. Owing to the enhanced exciton diffusion, exciton dissociation, charge generation, and charge transport, as well as reduced charge recombination and energy loss, a higher PCE of 17.6% with simultaneously improved open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor is achieved for the PM6:Y6:BBS devices compared to the devices without BBS (16.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai Chen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Raja Sekhar Bobba
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Jiangjian Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Peiyao Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojian Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Karen E Thorn
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Isabella Wagner
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Chao-Yang Lin
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Yin Song
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qingbo Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Quinn Qiao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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14
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Wang H, Wang W, Zhong Y, Li D, Li Z, Xu X, Song X, Chen Y, Huang P, Mei A, Han H, Zhai T, Zhou X. Approaching the External Quantum Efficiency Limit in 2D Photovoltaic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206122. [PMID: 35953088 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising candidates for realizing ultrathin and high-performance photovoltaic devices. However, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of most 2D photovoltaic devices face great challenges in exceeding 50% and 3%, respectively, due to the low efficiency of photocarrier separation and collection. Here, this study demonstrates photovoltaic devices with defect-free interface and recombination-free channel based on 2D WS2 , showing high EQE of 92% approaching the theoretical limit and high PCE of 5.0%. The high performances are attributed to the van der Waals metal contact without interface defects and Fermi-level pinning, and the fully depleted channel without photocarrier recombination, leading to intrinsic photocarrier separation and collection with high efficiency. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the strategy can be extended to other TMDs such as MoSe2 and WSe2 with EQE of 92% and 94%, respectively. This work proposes a universal strategy for building high-performance 2D photovoltaic devices. The nearly ideal EQE provides great potential for PCE approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yongle Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Pu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Anyi Mei
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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15
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Zeiske S, Sandberg OJ, Zarrabi N, Wolff CM, Raoufi M, Peña-Camargo F, Gutierrez-Partida E, Meredith P, Stolterfoht M, Armin A. Static Disorder in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7280-7285. [PMID: 35916775 PMCID: PMC9376950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In crystalline and amorphous semiconductors, the temperature-dependent Urbach energy can be determined from the inverse slope of the logarithm of the absorption spectrum and reflects the static and dynamic energetic disorder. Using recent advances in the sensitivity of photocurrent spectroscopy methods, we elucidate the temperature-dependent Urbach energy in lead halide perovskites containing different numbers of cation components. We find Urbach energies at room temperature to be 13.0 ± 1.0, 13.2 ± 1.0, and 13.5 ± 1.0 meV for single, double, and triple cation perovskite. Static, temperature-independent contributions to the Urbach energy are found to be as low as 5.1 ± 0.5, 4.7 ± 0.3, and 3.3 ± 0.9 meV for the same systems. Our results suggest that, at a low temperature, the dominant static disorder in perovskites is derived from zero-point phonon energy rather than structural disorder. This is unusual for solution-processed semiconductors but broadens the potential application of perovskites further to quantum electronics and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zeiske
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar J. Sandberg
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Nasim Zarrabi
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M. Wolff
- EPFL
STI IEM PV-LAB, Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2002 Neuchâtel 2, Switzerland
| | - Meysam Raoufi
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Francisco Peña-Camargo
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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16
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Lin H, Xu B, Wang J, Yu X, Du X, Zheng CJ, Tao S. Novel Dark Current Reduction Strategy via Deep Bulk Traps for High-Performance Solution-Processed Organic Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34891-34900. [PMID: 35861208 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The performance improvement of the organic photodetectors (OPDs) focuses on suppressing the dark current density (Jd) to improve the specific detectivity. In this work, a dark current reduction strategy relying on constructing limited deep traps in the active layer to suppress charge injection rate was newly proposed. And an optimization method has been successfully demonstrated on the solution-processed OPDs accordingly. Compared with the Jd expressed by the OPD with the shallow trap system, the device with deep bulk traps exhibits a dramatically reduced dark current while ensuring high responsivity. At a bias of -2 V, the optimized photodiode with a Jd down to 1.4 × 10-5 mA cm-2 and a maximum responsivity of 0.42 A W-1 @620 nm was realized, leading to a maximum detectivity calculated from shot noise of 6.23 × 1012 Jones. This value is 49-fold higher than that of the original OPD with the same structure. The effects of deep traps inside the semiconductor film on injected carriers and photogenerated carriers are well explained by the relative positions of the initial hopping levels. A better understanding of charge transport regimes in OPD helps to open new approaches for constructing high-performance OPD toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jiake Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaoyang Du
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Cai-Jun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Silu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
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17
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Zeiske S, Sandberg OJ, Kurpiers J, Shoaee S, Meredith P, Armin A. Probing Charge Generation Efficiency in Thin-Film Solar Cells by Integral-Mode Transient Charge Extraction. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:1188-1195. [PMID: 35571262 PMCID: PMC9097587 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photogeneration of free charges in light-harvesting devices is a multistep process, which can be challenging to probe due to the complexity of contributing energetic states and the competitive character of different driving mechanisms. In this contribution, we advance a technique, integral-mode transient charge extraction (ITCE), to probe these processes in thin-film solar cells. ITCE combines capacitance measurements with the integral-mode time-of-flight method in the low intensity regime of sandwich-type thin-film devices and allows for the sensitive determination of photogenerated charge-carrier densities. We verify the theoretical framework of our method by drift-diffusion simulations and demonstrate the applicability of ITCE to organic and perovskite semiconductor-based thin-film solar cells. Furthermore, we examine the field dependence of charge generation efficiency and find our ITCE results to be in excellent agreement with those obtained via time-delayed collection field measurements conducted on the same devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zeiske
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar J. Sandberg
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jona Kurpiers
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics,
Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Safa Shoaee
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics,
Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
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Marin-Beloqui J, Zhang G, Guo J, Shaikh J, Wohrer T, Hosseini SM, Sun B, Shipp J, Auty AJ, Chekulaev D, Ye J, Chin YC, Sullivan MB, Mozer AJ, Kim JS, Shoaee S, Clarke TM. Insight into the Origin of Trapping in Polymer/Fullerene Blends with a Systematic Alteration of the Fullerene to Higher Adducts. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:2708-2719. [PMID: 35573707 PMCID: PMC9097530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bimolecular recombination characteristics of conjugated polymer poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,5-bis 3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl thiazolo 5,4-d thiazole)-2,5diyl] (PDTSiTTz) blended with the fullerene series PC60BM, ICMA, ICBA, and ICTA have been investigated using microsecond and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with electroluminescence measurements and ambient photoemission spectroscopy. The non-Langevin polymer PDTSiTTz allows an inspection of intrinsic bimolecular recombination rates uninhibited by diffusion, while the low oscillator strengths of fullerenes allow polymer features to dominate, and we compare our results to those of the well-known polymer Si-PCPDTBT. Using μs-TAS, we have shown that the trap-limited decay dynamics of the PDTSiTTz polaron becomes progressively slower across the fullerene series, while those of Si-PCPDTBT are invariant. Electroluminescence measurements showed an unusual double peak in pristine PDTSiTTz, attributed to a low energy intragap charge transfer state, likely interchain in nature. Furthermore, while the pristine PDTSiTTz showed a broad, low-intensity density of states, the ICBA and ICTA blends presented a virtually identical DOS to Si-PCPDTBT and its blends. This has been attributed to a shift from a delocalized, interchain highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in the pristine material to a dithienosilole-centered HOMO in the blends, likely a result of the bulky fullerenes increasing interchain separation. This HOMO localization had a side effect of progressively shifting the polymer HOMO to shallower energies, which was correlated with the observed decrease in bimolecular recombination rate and increased "trap" depth. However, since the density of tail states remained the same, this suggests that the traditional viewpoint of "trapping" being dominated by tail states may not encompass the full picture and that the breadth of the DOS may also have a strong influence on bimolecular recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Marin-Beloqui
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Guanran Zhang
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Junjun Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Shaikh
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thibaut Wohrer
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
of High Performance Computing A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Seyed Mehrdad Hosseini
- Optoelectronics
of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Bowen Sun
- Optoelectronics
of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - James Shipp
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Auty
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Ye
- Institute
of High Performance Computing A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chun Chin
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Attila J. Mozer
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Safa Shoaee
- Optoelectronics
of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Tracey M. Clarke
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Huang J, Li S, Qin J, Xu L, Zhu X, Yang LM. Facile Modification of a Noncovalently Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45806-45814. [PMID: 34523905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electron acceptors with nonfused aromatic cores (NCAs) have aroused increasing interest in organic solar cells due to the low synthetic complexity and flexible chemical modification, but the corresponding device performance still lags behind. Herein, we designed and synthesized two new quinoxaline-based NCAs, namely, QOC6-4H and QOC6-4Cl. Although both NCAs show good backbone coplanarity, QOC6-4Cl with chlorinated end groups exhibits higher extinction coefficient, enhanced crystallinity, and more compact π-π stacking, which is correlated with the stronger intermolecular interactions induced by chlorine atoms. Benefiting from the broader and stronger optical absorption, improved carrier mobilities, and suppressed charge recombination, a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.32% with a distinctly higher short-current density (Jsc) of 22.91 mA cm-2 and a fill factor (FF) of 69.01% could be obtained for the PBDB-T:QOC6-4Cl-based device. The PCEs of PBDB-T:QOC6-4H were only lower than 8%, which could mainly be attributed to the unsymmetric charge transport. Our work proves that the chlorination of end groups is a facile and effective strategy to enhance the intermolecular interactions and thus the photovoltaic performance of NCAs, and a careful modulation of the intermolecular interactions plays a vital role in further developing both high-performance and low-cost organic photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sunsun Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Ming Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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