1
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Hwang H, Jeon H, Yeo N, Baek D. Big data and deep learning for RNA biology. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1293-1321. [PMID: 38871816 PMCID: PMC11263376 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth of big data in RNA biology (RB) has led to the development of deep learning (DL) models that have driven crucial discoveries. As constantly evidenced by DL studies in other fields, the successful implementation of DL in RB depends heavily on the effective utilization of large-scale datasets from public databases. In achieving this goal, data encoding methods, learning algorithms, and techniques that align well with biological domain knowledge have played pivotal roles. In this review, we provide guiding principles for applying these DL concepts to various problems in RB by demonstrating successful examples and associated methodologies. We also discuss the remaining challenges in developing DL models for RB and suggest strategies to overcome these challenges. Overall, this review aims to illuminate the compelling potential of DL for RB and ways to apply this powerful technology to investigate the intriguing biology of RNA more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseo Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseong Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Genome4me Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nagyeong Yeo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehyun Baek
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Genome4me Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Song M, Zhao J, Zhang C, Jia C, Yang J, Zhao H, Zhai J, Lei B, Tao S, Chen S, Su R, Ma C. PEA-m6A: an ensemble learning framework for accurately predicting N6-methyladenosine modifications in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1200-1213. [PMID: 38428981 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is the mostly prevalent modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, is involved in gene expression regulation and many RNA metabolism processes. Accurate prediction of m6A modification is important for understanding its molecular mechanisms in different biological contexts. However, most existing models have limited range of application and are species-centric. Here we present PEA-m6A, a unified, modularized and parameterized framework that can streamline m6A-Seq data analysis for predicting m6A-modified regions in plant genomes. The PEA-m6A framework builds ensemble learning-based m6A prediction models with statistic-based and deep learning-driven features, achieving superior performance with an improvement of 6.7% to 23.3% in the area under precision-recall curve compared with state-of-the-art regional-scale m6A predictor WeakRM in 12 plant species. Especially, PEA-m6A is capable of leveraging knowledge from pretrained models via transfer learning, representing an innovation in that it can improve prediction accuracy of m6A modifications under small-sample training tasks. PEA-m6A also has a strong capability for generalization, making it suitable for application in within- and cross-species m6A prediction. Overall, this study presents a promising m6A prediction tool, PEA-m6A, with outstanding performance in terms of its accuracy, flexibility, transferability, and generalization ability. PEA-m6A has been packaged using Galaxy and Docker technologies for ease of use and is publicly available at https://github.com/cma2015/PEA-m6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chengchao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haonan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingjing Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Beilei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shiheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- School of Computer Software, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ran Su
- School of Computer Software, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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3
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Wu Y, Shao W, Yan M, Wang Y, Xu P, Huang G, Li X, Gregory BD, Yang J, Wang H, Yu X. Transfer learning enables identification of multiple types of RNA modifications using nanopore direct RNA sequencing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4049. [PMID: 38744925 PMCID: PMC11094168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) has emerged as a powerful tool for RNA modification identification. However, concurrently detecting multiple types of modifications in a single DRS sample remains a challenge. Here, we develop TandemMod, a transferable deep learning framework capable of detecting multiple types of RNA modifications in single DRS data. To train high-performance TandemMod models, we generate in vitro epitranscriptome datasets from cDNA libraries, containing thousands of transcripts labeled with various types of RNA modifications. We validate the performance of TandemMod on both in vitro transcripts and in vivo human cell lines, confirming its high accuracy for profiling m6A and m5C modification sites. Furthermore, we perform transfer learning for identifying other modifications such as m7G, Ψ, and inosine, significantly reducing training data size and running time without compromising performance. Finally, we apply TandemMod to identify 3 types of RNA modifications in rice grown in different environments, demonstrating its applicability across species and conditions. In summary, we provide a resource with ground-truth labels that can serve as benchmark datasets for nanopore-based modification identification methods, and TandemMod for identifying diverse RNA modifications using a single DRS sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenna Shao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengxiao Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
- Chenshan Scientific Research Center of CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China.
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
- Chenshan Scientific Research Center of CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China.
| | - Xiang Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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4
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Wang R, Chung CR, Lee TY. Interpretable Multi-Scale Deep Learning for RNA Methylation Analysis across Multiple Species. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2869. [PMID: 38474116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA modification plays a crucial role in cellular regulation. However, traditional high-throughput sequencing methods for elucidating their functional mechanisms are time-consuming and labor-intensive, despite extensive research. Moreover, existing methods often limit their focus to specific species, neglecting the simultaneous exploration of RNA modifications across diverse species. Therefore, a versatile computational approach is necessary for interpretable analysis of RNA modifications across species. A multi-scale biological language-based deep learning model is proposed for interpretable, sequential-level prediction of diverse RNA modifications. Benchmark comparisons across species demonstrate the model's superiority in predicting various RNA methylation types over current state-of-the-art methods. The cross-species validation and attention weight visualization also highlight the model's capability to capture sequential and functional semantics from genomic backgrounds. Our analysis of RNA modifications helps us find the potential existence of "biological grammars" in each modification type, which could be effective for mapping methylation-related sequential patterns and understanding the underlying biological mechanisms of RNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chia-Ru Chung
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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5
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Jiang J, Song B, Meng J, Zhou J. Tissue-specific RNA methylation prediction from gene expression data using sparse regression models. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107892. [PMID: 38171264 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a highly prevalent and conserved post-transcriptional modification observed in mRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Identifying potential m6A sites within RNA sequences is crucial for unraveling the potential influence of the epitranscriptome on biological processes. In this study, we introduce Exp2RM, a novel approach that formulates single-site-based tissue-specific elastic net models for predicting tissue-specific methylation levels utilizing gene expression data. The resulting ensemble model demonstrates robust predictive performance for tissue-specific methylation levels, with an average R-squared value of 0.496 and a median R-squared value of 0.482 across all 22 human tissues. Since methylation distribution varies among tissues, we trained the model to incorporate similar patterns, significantly improves accuracy with the median R-squared value increasing to 0.728. Additonally, functional analysis reveals Exp2RM's ability to capture coefficient genes in relevant biological processes. This study emphasizes the importance of tissue-specific methylation distribution in enhancing prediction accuracy and provides insights into the functional implications of methylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bowen Song
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; AI University Research Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jingxian Zhou
- School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215400, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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6
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Liu R, Wang Q, Zhang X. Identification of prognostic coagulation-related signatures in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through integrated multi-omics analysis and machine learning. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107779. [PMID: 38061153 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a threat to public health with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical evidence has shown that cancer-associated thrombosis poses significant challenges to treatments, including drug resistance and difficulties in surgical decision-making in ccRCC. However, the coagulation pathway, one of the core mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombosis, recently found closely related to the tumor microenvironment and immune-related pathway, is rarely researched in ccRCC. Therefore, we integrated bulk RNA-seq data, DNA mutation and methylation data, single-cell data, and proteomic data to perform a comprehensive analysis of coagulation-related genes in ccRCC. First, we demonstrated the importance of the coagulation-related gene set by consensus clustering. Based on machine learning, we identified 5 coagulation signature genes and verified their clinical value in TCGA, ICGC, and E-MTAB-1980 databases. It's also demonstrated that the specific expression patterns of coagulation signature genes driven by CNV and methylation were closely correlated with pathways including apoptosis, immune infiltration, angiogenesis, and the construction of extracellular matrix. Moreover, we identified two types of tumor cells in single-cell data by machine learning, and the coagulation signature genes were differentially expressed in two types of tumor cells. Besides, the signature genes were proven to influence immune cells especially the differentiation of T cells. And their protein level was also validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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7
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Ji Y, Sun J, Xie J, Wu W, Shuai SC, Zhao Q, Chen W. m5UMCB: Prediction of RNA 5-methyluridine sites using multi-scale convolutional neural network with BiLSTM. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107793. [PMID: 38048661 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
As a prevalent RNA modification, 5-methyluridine (m5U) plays a critical role in diverse biological processes and disease pathogenesis. High-throughput identification of m5U typically relies on labor-intensive biochemical experiments using various sequencing-based techniques, which are not only time-consuming but also expensive. Consequently, there is a pressing need for more efficient and cost-effective computational methods to complement these high-throughput techniques. In this study, we present m5UMCB, a novel approach that harnesses a multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN) in tandem with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) to recognize m5U sites. Our method involves segmenting RNA sequences into smaller fragments based on a 3-mer length and subsequently mapping each fragment to a lower-dimensional vector representation using the global vectors for word representation (GloVe) technique. Through a series of multi-scale convolution and pooling operations, local features are extracted from RNA sequences and transformed into abstract, high-level features. The feature matrix is then inputted into a BiLSTM network, enabling the capture of contextual information and long-term dependencies within the sequence. Ultimately, a fully connected layer is employed to classify m5U sites. The validation results from 5-fold cross-validation (5-fold CV) test indicate that m5UMCB outperforms existing state-of-the-art predictive methods, demonstrating a 1.98% increase in the area under ROC curve (AUC) and significant improvements in relevant evaluation metrics. We are confident that m5UMCB will serve as a valuable tool for m5U prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Ji
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jingxuan Xie
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Stella C Shuai
- Biological Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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8
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Wang L, Zhou Y. MRM-BERT: a novel deep neural network predictor of multiple RNA modifications by fusing BERT representation and sequence features. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-10. [PMID: 38357904 PMCID: PMC10877979 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2315384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications play crucial roles in various biological processes and diseases. Accurate prediction of RNA modification sites is essential for understanding their functions. In this study, we propose a hybrid approach that fuses a pre-trained sequence representation with various sequence features to predict multiple types of RNA modifications in one combined prediction framework. We developed MRM-BERT, a deep learning method that combined the pre-trained DNABERT deep sequence representation module and the convolutional neural network (CNN) exploiting four traditional sequence feature encodings to improve the prediction performance. MRM-BERT was evaluated on multiple datasets of 12 commonly occurring RNA modifications, including m6A, m5C, m1A and so on. The results demonstrate that our hybrid model outperforms other models in terms of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for all 12 types of RNA modifications. MRM-BERT is available as an online tool (http://117.122.208.21:8501) or source code (https://github.com/abhhba999/MRM-BERT), which allows users to predict RNA modification sites and visualize the results. Overall, our study provides an effective and efficient approach to predict multiple RNA modifications, contributing to the understanding of RNA biology and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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9
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Aslam I, Shah S, Jabeen S, ELAffendi M, A Abdel Latif A, Ul Haq N, Ali G. A CNN based m5c RNA methylation predictor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21885. [PMID: 38081880 PMCID: PMC10713599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA play a key role in performing a variety of biological processes, such as stability and immune tolerance, RNA splicing, protein translation and RNA degradation. One of these RNA modifications is m5c which participates in various cellular functions like RNA structural stability and translation efficiency, got popularity among biologists. By applying biological experiments to detect RNA m5c methylation sites would require much more efforts, time and money. Most of the researchers are using pre-processed RNA sequences of 41 nucleotides where the methylated cytosine is in the center. Therefore, it is possible that some of the information around these motif may have lost. The conventional methods are unable to process the RNA sequence directly due to high dimensionality and thus need optimized techniques for better features extraction. To handle the above challenges the goal of this study is to employ an end-to-end, 1D CNN based model to classify and interpret m5c methylated data sites. Moreover, our aim is to analyze the sequence in its full length where the methylated cytosine may not be in the center. The evaluation of the proposed architecture showed a promising results by outperforming state-of-the-art techniques in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. Our model achieve 96.70% sensitivity and 96.21% accuracy for 41 nucleotides sequences while 96.10% accuracy for full length sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Aslam
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Shah
- EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Rafha, Riyadh, 12435, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Jabeen
- College of Engineering, AI Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 50927, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed ELAffendi
- EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Rafha, Riyadh, 12435, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A Abdel Latif
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department (Industrial medicine and occupational health specialty, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibîn el Kôm, Egypt
| | - Nuhman Ul Haq
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Ali
- EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Rafha, Riyadh, 12435, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li S, Guo Y, Song J, Yu DJ. Interpretable prediction models for widespread m6A RNA modification across cell lines and tissues. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad709. [PMID: 37995291 PMCID: PMC10697738 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in Homo sapiens plays vital roles in a variety of biological functions. Precise identification of m6A modifications is thus essential to elucidation of their biological functions and underlying molecular-level mechanisms. Currently available high-throughput single-nucleotide-resolution m6A modification data considerably accelerated the identification of RNA modification sites through the development of data-driven computational methods. Nevertheless, existing methods have limitations in terms of the coverage of single-nucleotide-resolution cell lines and have poor capability in model interpretations, thereby having limited applicability. RESULTS In this study, we present CLSM6A, comprising a set of deep learning-based models designed for predicting single-nucleotide-resolution m6A RNA modification sites across eight different cell lines and three tissues. Extensive benchmarking experiments are conducted on well-curated datasets and accordingly, CLSM6A achieves superior performance than current state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, CLSM6A is capable of interpreting the prediction decision-making process by excavating critical motifs activated by filters and pinpointing highly concerned positions in both forward and backward propagations. CLSM6A exhibits better portability on similar cross-cell line/tissue datasets, reveals a strong association between highly activated motifs and high-impact motifs, and demonstrates complementary attributes of different interpretation strategies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The webserver is available at http://csbio.njust.edu.cn/bioinf/clsm6a. The datasets and code are available at https://github.com/zhangying-njust/CLSM6A/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Monash Data Futures Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Dong-Jun Yu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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11
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Lu J, Sun Y, Fu Y, Pan M, Xie X, Ge Q. Analysis approaches for the identification and prediction of N6-methyladenosine sites. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2158284. [PMID: 36562485 PMCID: PMC9980620 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2158284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global dynamics in a variety of biological processes can be revealed by mapping transcriptional m6A sites, in particular full-transcriptome m6A. And individual m6A sites have contributed to biological function, which can be evaluated by stoichiometric information obtained from the single nucleotide resolution. Currently, the identification of m6A sites is mainly carried out by experiment and prediction methods, based on high-throughput sequencing and machine learning model respectively. This review summarizes the recent topics and progress made in bioinformatics methods of deciphering the m6A methylation, including the experimental detection of m6A methylation sites, techniques of data analysis, the way of predicting m6A methylation sites, m6A methylation databases, and detection of m6A modification in circRNA. At the end, the essay makes a brief discussion for the development perspective in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Benak D, Kolar F, Zhang L, Devaux Y, Hlavackova M. RNA modification m 6Am: the role in cardiac biology. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2218771. [PMID: 37331009 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2218771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic modifications have recently emerged into the spotlight of researchers due to their vast regulatory effects on gene expression and thereby cellular physiology and pathophysiology. N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) is one of the most prevalent chemical marks on RNA and is dynamically regulated by writers (PCIF1, METTL4) and erasers (FTO). The presence or absence of m6Am in RNA affects mRNA stability, regulates transcription, and modulates pre-mRNA splicing. Nevertheless, its functions in the heart are poorly known. This review summarizes the current knowledge and gaps about m6Am modification and its regulators in cardiac biology. It also points out technical challenges and lists the currently available techniques to measure m6Am. A better understanding of epitranscriptomic modifications is needed to improve our knowledge of the molecular regulations in the heart which may lead to novel cardioprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Benak
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lu Zhang
- Bioinformatics Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Marketa Hlavackova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Jia J, Wei Z, Sun M. EMDL_m6Am: identifying N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine sites based on stacking ensemble deep learning. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:397. [PMID: 37880673 PMCID: PMC10598967 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6, 2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) is an abundant RNA methylation modification on vertebrate mRNAs and is present in the transcription initiation region of mRNAs. It has recently been experimentally shown to be associated with several human disorders, including obesity genes, and stomach cancer, among others. As a result, N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) site will play a crucial part in the regulation of RNA if it can be correctly identified. RESULTS This study proposes a novel deep learning-based m6Am prediction model, EMDL_m6Am, which employs one-hot encoding to expressthe feature map of the RNA sequence and recognizes m6Am sites by integrating different CNN models via stacking. Including DenseNet, Inflated Convolutional Network (DCNN) and Deep Multiscale Residual Network (MSRN), the sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), accuracy (ACC), Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC) and area under the curve (AUC) of our model on the training data set reach 86.62%, 88.94%, 87.78%, 0.7590 and 0.8778, respectively, and the prediction results on the independent test set are as high as 82.25%, 79.72%, 80.98%, 0.6199, and 0.8211. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the experimental results demonstrated that EMDL_m6Am greatly improved the predictive performance of the m6Am sites and could provide a valuable reference for the next part of the study. The source code and experimental data are available at: https://github.com/13133989982/EMDL-m6Am .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Jia
- School of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen, 333403, China.
| | - Zhangying Wei
- School of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen, 333403, China.
| | - Mingwei Sun
- School of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen, 333403, China
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14
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Shi M, Li X, Li M, Si Y. Attention-based generative adversarial networks improve prognostic outcome prediction of cancer from multimodal data. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad329. [PMID: 37756592 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prediction of prognostic outcome is critical for the development of efficient cancer therapeutics and potential personalized medicine. However, due to the heterogeneity and diversity of multimodal data of cancer, data integration and feature selection remain a challenge for prognostic outcome prediction. We proposed a deep learning method with generative adversarial network based on sequential channel-spatial attention modules (CSAM-GAN), a multimodal data integration and feature selection approach, for accomplishing prognostic stratification tasks in cancer. Sequential channel-spatial attention modules equipped with an encoder-decoder are applied for the input features of multimodal data to accurately refine selected features. A discriminator network was proposed to make the generator and discriminator learning in an adversarial way to accurately describe the complex heterogeneous information of multiple modal data. We conducted extensive experiments with various feature selection and classification methods and confirmed that the CSAM-GAN via the multilayer deep neural network (DNN) classifier outperformed these baseline methods on two different multimodal data sets with miRNA expression, mRNA expression and histopathological image data: lower-grade glioma and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. The CSAM-GAN via the multilayer DNN classifier bridges the gap between heterogenous multimodal data and prognostic outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Shi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Mingna Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Yichong Si
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Ge F, Li F, Yang X, Song J, Yu DJ. Prediction of Multiple Types of RNA Modifications via Biological Language Model. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:3205-3214. [PMID: 37289599 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2023.3283985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that RNA modifications play essential roles in multiple biological processes. Accurate identification of RNA modifications in the transcriptome is critical for providing insights into the biological functions and mechanisms. Many tools have been developed for predicting RNA modifications at single-base resolution, which employ conventional feature engineering methods that focus on feature design and feature selection processes that require extensive biological expertise and may introduce redundant information. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, end-to-end methods are favorably received by researchers. Nevertheless, each well-trained model is only suitable for a specific RNA methylation modification type for nearly all of these approaches. In this study, we present MRM-BERT by feeding task-specific sequences into the powerful BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) model and implementing fine-tuning, which exhibits competitive performance to the state-of-the-art methods. MRM-BERT avoids repeated de novo training of the model and can predict multiple RNA modifications such as pseudouridine, m6A, m5C, and m1A in Mus musculus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, we analyse the attention heads to provide high attention regions for the prediction, and conduct saturated in silico mutagenesis of the input sequences to discover potential changes of RNA modifications, which can better assist researchers in their follow-up research.
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16
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Liang S, Zhao Y, Jin J, Qiao J, Wang D, Wang Y, Wei L. Rm-LR: A long-range-based deep learning model for predicting multiple types of RNA modifications. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107238. [PMID: 37515874 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the pivotal role of RNA post-transcriptional modifications in the regulation of RNA expression and function. Accurate identification of RNA modification sites is important for understanding RNA function. In this study, we propose a novel RNA modification prediction method, namely Rm-LR, which leverages a long-range-based deep learning approach to accurately predict multiple types of RNA modifications using RNA sequences only. Rm-LR incorporates two large-scale RNA language pre-trained models to capture discriminative sequential information and learn local important features, which are subsequently integrated through a bilinear attention network. Rm-LR supports a total of ten RNA modification types (m6A, m1A, m5C, m5U, m6Am, Ψ, Am, Cm, Gm, and Um) and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of predictive capability on benchmark datasets. Experimental results show the effectiveness and superiority of Rm-LR in prediction of various RNA modifications, demonstrating the strong adaptability and robustness of our proposed model. We demonstrate that RNA language pretrained models enable to learn dense biological sequential representations from large-scale long-range RNA corpus, and meanwhile enhance the interpretability of the models. This work contributes to the development of accurate and reliable computational models for RNA modification prediction, providing insights into the complex landscape of RNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Liang
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China; Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Yanxi Zhao
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China; Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Junru Jin
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China; Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Jianbo Qiao
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China; Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Ding Wang
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China; Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China; Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Leyi Wei
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China; Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China.
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17
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Zhou Y, Wu J, Yao S, Xu Y, Zhao W, Tong Y, Zhou Z. DeepCIP: A multimodal deep learning method for the prediction of internal ribosome entry sites of circRNAs. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107288. [PMID: 37542919 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to have the ability to encode proteins through internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), which are essential RNA regulatory elements for cap-independent translation. Identification of IRES elements in circRNA is crucial for understanding its function. Previous studies have presented IRES predictors based on machine learning techniques, but they were mainly designed for linear RNA IRES. In this study, we proposed DeepCIP (Deep learning method for CircRNA IRES Prediction), a multimodal deep learning approach that employs both sequence and structural information for circRNA IRES prediction. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the sequence and structure models used by DeepCIP in feature extraction and suggest that integrating sequence and structural information efficiently improves the accuracy of prediction. The comparison studies indicate that DeepCIP outperforms other comparative methods on the test set and real circRNA IRES dataset. Furthermore, through the integration of an interpretable analysis mechanism, we elucidate the sequence patterns learned by our model, which align with the previous discovery of motifs that facilitate circRNA translation. Thus, DeepCIP has the potential to enhance the study of the coding potential of circRNAs and contribute to the design of circRNA-based drugs. DeepCIP as a standalone program is freely available at https://github.org/zjupgx/DeepCIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang University Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - Aoming (Hangzhou) Biomedical Co., Ltd. Joint Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jingcheng Wu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shihao Yao
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; China Jiliang University - Aoming (Hangzhou) Biomedical Co., Ltd. Joint Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yulian Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; China Jiliang University - Aoming (Hangzhou) Biomedical Co., Ltd. Joint Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wenbin Zhao
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang University Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - Aoming (Hangzhou) Biomedical Co., Ltd. Joint Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yunguang Tong
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Aoming (Hangzhou) Biomedical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, China; Zhejiang University Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - Aoming (Hangzhou) Biomedical Co., Ltd. Joint Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310018, China; China Jiliang University - Aoming (Hangzhou) Biomedical Co., Ltd. Joint Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China.
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18
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Abbas Z, Rehman MU, Tayara H, Zou Q, Chong KT. XGBoost framework with feature selection for the prediction of RNA N5-methylcytosine sites. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2543-2551. [PMID: 37271991 PMCID: PMC10422016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) is indeed a critical post-transcriptional alteration that is widely present in various kinds of RNAs and is crucial to the fundamental biological processes. By correctly identifying the m5C-methylation sites on RNA, clinicians can more clearly comprehend the precise function of these m5C-sites in different biological processes. Due to their effectiveness and affordability, computational methods have received greater attention over the last few years for the identification of methylation sites in various species. To precisely identify RNA m5C locations in five different species including Homo sapiens, Arabidopsis thaliana, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, and Danio rerio, we proposed a more effective and accurate model named m5C-pred. To create m5C-pred, five distinct feature encoding techniques were combined to extract features from the RNA sequence, and then we used SHapley Additive exPlanations to choose the best features among them, followed by XGBoost as a classifier. We applied the novel optimization method called Optuna to quickly and efficiently determine the best hyperparameters. Finally, the proposed model was evaluated using independent test datasets, and we compared the results with the previous methods. Our approach, m5C- pred, is anticipated to be useful for accurately identifying m5C sites, outperforming the currently available state-of-the-art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Abbas
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Mobeen Ur Rehman
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Hilal Tayara
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea.
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Kil To Chong
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea; Advances Electronics and Information Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Song B, Huang D, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Su J, Pedro de Magalhães J, Rigden DJ, Meng J, Chen K. m6A-TSHub: Unveiling the Context-specific m 6A Methylation and m 6A-affecting Mutations in 23 Human Tissues. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 21:678-694. [PMID: 36096444 PMCID: PMC10787194 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the most pervasive epigenetic marker present on mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has been shown to participate in essential biological processes. Recent studies have revealed the distinct patterns of m6A methylome across human tissues, and a major challenge remains in elucidating the tissue-specific presence and circuitry of m6A methylation. We present here a comprehensive online platform, m6A-TSHub, for unveiling the context-specific m6A methylation and genetic mutations that potentially regulate m6A epigenetic mark. m6A-TSHub consists of four core components, including (1) m6A-TSDB, a comprehensive database of 184,554 functionally annotated m6A sites derived from 23 human tissues and 499,369 m6A sites from 25 tumor conditions, respectively; (2) m6A-TSFinder, a web server for high-accuracy prediction of m6A methylation sites within a specific tissue from RNA sequences, which was constructed using multi-instance deep neural networks with gated attention; (3) m6A-TSVar, a web server for assessing the impact of genetic variants on tissue-specific m6A RNA modifications; and (4) m6A-CAVar, a database of 587,983 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer mutations (derived from 27 cancer types) that were predicted to affect m6A modifications in the primary tissue of cancers. The database should make a useful resource for studying the m6A methylome and the genetic factors of epitranscriptome disturbance in a specific tissue (or cancer type). m6A-TSHub is accessible at www.xjtlu.edu.cn/biologicalsciences/m6ats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Song
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Daiyun Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Jionglong Su
- School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Rigden
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Meng
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; AI University Research Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kunqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.
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20
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Choi SR, Lee M. Transformer Architecture and Attention Mechanisms in Genome Data Analysis: A Comprehensive Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1033. [PMID: 37508462 PMCID: PMC10376273 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and rapid development of deep learning, specifically transformer-based architectures and attention mechanisms, have had transformative implications across several domains, including bioinformatics and genome data analysis. The analogous nature of genome sequences to language texts has enabled the application of techniques that have exhibited success in fields ranging from natural language processing to genomic data. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the most recent advancements in the application of transformer architectures and attention mechanisms to genome and transcriptome data. The focus of this review is on the critical evaluation of these techniques, discussing their advantages and limitations in the context of genome data analysis. With the swift pace of development in deep learning methodologies, it becomes vital to continually assess and reflect on the current standing and future direction of the research. Therefore, this review aims to serve as a timely resource for both seasoned researchers and newcomers, offering a panoramic view of the recent advancements and elucidating the state-of-the-art applications in the field. Furthermore, this review paper serves to highlight potential areas of future investigation by critically evaluating studies from 2019 to 2023, thereby acting as a stepping-stone for further research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Roy Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyeok Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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21
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Jia J, Wei Z, Cao X. EMDL-ac4C: identifying N4-acetylcytidine based on ensemble two-branch residual connection DenseNet and attention. Front Genet 2023; 14:1232038. [PMID: 37519885 PMCID: PMC10372626 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1232038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a critical acetylation modification that has an essential function in protein translation and is associated with a number of human diseases. Methods: The process of identifying ac4C sites by biological experiments is too cumbersome and costly. And the performance of several existing computational models needs to be improved. Therefore, we propose a new deep learning tool EMDL-ac4C to predict ac4C sites, which uses a simple one-hot encoding for a unbalanced dataset using a downsampled ensemble deep learning network to extract important features to identify ac4C sites. The base learner of this ensemble model consists of a modified DenseNet and Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks. In addition, we innovatively add a convolutional residual structure in parallel with the dense block to achieve the effect of two-layer feature extraction. Results: The average accuracy (Acc), mathews correlation coefficient (MCC), and area under the curve Area under curve of EMDL-ac4C on ten independent testing sets are 80.84%, 61.77%, and 87.94%, respectively. Discussion: Multiple experimental comparisons indicate that EMDL-ac4C outperforms existing predictors and it greatly improved the predictive performance of the ac4C sites. At the same time, EMDL-ac4C could provide a valuable reference for the next part of the study. The source code and experimental data are available at: https://github.com/13133989982/EMDLac4C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Jia
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Jia, ; Zhangying Wei,
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22
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Kong Y, Yu J, Ge S, Fan X. Novel insight into RNA modifications in tumor immunity: Promising targets to prevent tumor immune escape. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100452. [PMID: 37485079 PMCID: PMC10362524 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunosuppressive state is a typical feature of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the dramatic success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in preventing tumor cell escape from immune surveillance, primary and acquired resistance have limited its clinical use. Notably, recent clinical trials have shown that epigenetic drugs can significantly improve the outcome of ICI therapy in various cancers, indicating the importance of epigenetic modifications in immune regulation of tumors. Recently, RNA modifications (N6-methyladenosine [m6A], N1-methyladenosine [m1A], 5-methylcytosine [m5C], etc.), novel hotspot areas of epigenetic research, have been shown to play crucial roles in protumor and antitumor immunity. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of how m6A, m1A, and m5C function in tumor immunity by directly regulating different immune cells as well as indirectly regulating tumor cells through different mechanisms, including modulating the expression of immune checkpoints, inducing metabolic reprogramming, and affecting the secretion of immune-related factors. Finally, we discuss the current status of strategies targeting RNA modifications to prevent tumor immune escape, highlighting their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
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23
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Chen R, Li F, Guo X, Bi Y, Li C, Pan S, Coin LJM, Song J. ATTIC is an integrated approach for predicting A-to-I RNA editing sites in three species. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad170. [PMID: 37150785 PMCID: PMC10565902 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A-to-I editing is the most prevalent RNA editing event, which refers to the change of adenosine (A) bases to inosine (I) bases in double-stranded RNAs. Several studies have revealed that A-to-I editing can regulate cellular processes and is associated with various human diseases. Therefore, accurate identification of A-to-I editing sites is crucial for understanding RNA-level (i.e. transcriptional) modifications and their potential roles in molecular functions. To date, various computational approaches for A-to-I editing site identification have been developed; however, their performance is still unsatisfactory and needs further improvement. In this study, we developed a novel stacked-ensemble learning model, ATTIC (A-To-I ediTing predICtor), to accurately identify A-to-I editing sites across three species, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. We first comprehensively evaluated 37 RNA sequence-derived features combined with 14 popular machine learning algorithms. Then, we selected the optimal base models to build a series of stacked ensemble models. The final ATTIC framework was developed based on the optimal models improved by the feature selection strategy for specific species. Extensive cross-validation and independent tests illustrate that ATTIC outperforms state-of-the-art tools for predicting A-to-I editing sites. We also developed a web server for ATTIC, which is publicly available at http://web.unimelb-bioinfortools.cloud.edu.au/ATTIC/. We anticipate that ATTIC can be utilized as a useful tool to accelerate the identification of A-to-I RNA editing events and help characterize their roles in post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Fuyi Li
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xudong Guo
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yue Bi
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Chen Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shirui Pan
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Lachlan J M Coin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
- Monash Data Futures Institute, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
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24
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Li F, Liu S, Li K, Zhang Y, Duan M, Yao Z, Zhu G, Guo Y, Wang Y, Huang L, Zhou F. EpiTEAmDNA: Sequence feature representation via transfer learning and ensemble learning for identifying multiple DNA epigenetic modification types across species. Comput Biol Med 2023; 160:107030. [PMID: 37196456 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Methylation is a major DNA epigenetic modification for regulating the biological processes without altering the DNA sequence, and multiple types of DNA methylations have been discovered, including 6mA, 5hmC, and 4mC. Multiple computational approaches were developed to automatically identify the DNA methylation residues using machine learning or deep learning algorithms. The machine learning (ML) based methods are difficult to be transferred to the other predicting tasks of the DNA methylation sites using additional knowledge. Deep learning (DL) may facilitate the transfer learning of knowledge from similar tasks, but they are often ineffective on small datasets. This study proposes an integrated feature representation framework EpiTEAmDNA based on the strategies of transfer learning and ensemble learning, which is evaluated on multiple DNA methylation types across 15 species. EpiTEAmDNA integrates convolutional neural network (CNN) and conventional machine learning methods, and shows improved performances than the existing DL-based methods on small datasets when no additional knowledge is available. The experimental data suggests that the EpiTEAmDNA models may be further improved via transfer learning based on additional knowledge. The evaluation experiments on the independent test datasets also suggest that the proposed EpiTEAmDNA framework outperforms the existing models in most prediction tasks of the 3 DNA methylation types across 15 species. The source code, pre-trained global model, and the EpiTEAmDNA feature representation framework are freely available at http://www.healthinformaticslab.org/supp/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Meiyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.
| | - Zhaomin Yao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110167, China
| | - Gancheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yutong Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.
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25
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Acera Mateos P, Zhou Y, Zarnack K, Eyras E. Concepts and methods for transcriptome-wide prediction of chemical messenger RNA modifications with machine learning. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:7150742. [PMID: 37139545 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expanding field of epitranscriptomics might rival the epigenome in the diversity of biological processes impacted. In recent years, the development of new high-throughput experimental and computational techniques has been a key driving force in discovering the properties of RNA modifications. Machine learning applications, such as for classification, clustering or de novo identification, have been critical in these advances. Nonetheless, various challenges remain before the full potential of machine learning for epitranscriptomics can be leveraged. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of machine learning methods to detect RNA modifications using diverse input data sources. We describe strategies to train and test machine learning methods and to encode and interpret features that are relevant for epitranscriptomics. Finally, we identify some of the current challenges and open questions about RNA modification analysis, including the ambiguity in predicting RNA modifications in transcript isoforms or in single nucleotides, or the lack of complete ground truth sets to test RNA modifications. We believe this review will inspire and benefit the rapidly developing field of epitranscriptomics in addressing the current limitations through the effective use of machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Acera Mateos
- EMBL Australia Partner Laboratory Network at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- The Shine-Dalgarno Centre for RNA Innovation, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- The Centre for Computational Biomedical Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - You Zhou
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Eduardo Eyras
- EMBL Australia Partner Laboratory Network at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- The Shine-Dalgarno Centre for RNA Innovation, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- The Centre for Computational Biomedical Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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26
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Soylu NN, Sefer E. BERT2OME: Prediction of 2'-O-Methylation Modifications From RNA Sequence by Transformer Architecture Based on BERT. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:2177-2189. [PMID: 37819796 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2023.3237769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent work on language models has resulted in state-of-the-art performance on various language tasks. Among these, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) has focused on contextualizing word embeddings to extract context and semantics of the words. On the other hand, post-transcriptional 2'-O-methylation (Nm) RNA modification is important in various cellular tasks and related to a number of diseases. The existing high-throughput experimental techniques take longer time to detect these modifications, and costly in exploring these functional processes. Here, to deeply understand the associated biological processes faster, we come up with an efficient method Bert2Ome to infer 2'-O-methylation RNA modification sites from RNA sequences. Bert2Ome combines BERT-based model with convolutional neural networks (CNN) to infer the relationship between the modification sites and RNA sequence content. Unlike the methods proposed so far, Bert2Ome assumes each given RNA sequence as a text and focuses on improving the modification prediction performance by integrating the pretrained deep learning-based language model BERT. Additionally, our transformer-based approach could infer modification sites across multiple species. According to 5-fold cross-validation, human and mouse accuracies were 99.15% and 94.35% respectively. Similarly, ROC AUC scores were 0.99, 0.94 for the same species. Detailed results show that Bert2Ome reduces the time consumed in biological experiments and outperforms the existing approaches across different datasets and species over multiple metrics. Additionally, deep learning approaches such as 2D CNNs are more promising in learning BERT attributes than more conventional machine learning methods.
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27
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Wang R, Chung CR, Huang HD, Lee TY. Identification of species-specific RNA N6-methyladinosine modification sites from RNA sequences. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:7008797. [PMID: 36715277 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladinosine (m6A) modification is the most abundant co-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNA and plays important roles in cellular regulation. Traditional high-throughput sequencing experiments used to explore functional mechanisms are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and most of the proposed methods focused on limited species types. To further understand the relevant biological mechanisms among different species with the same RNA modification, it is necessary to develop a computational scheme that can be applied to different species. To achieve this, we proposed an attention-based deep learning method, adaptive-m6A, which consists of convolutional neural network, bi-directional long short-term memory and an attention mechanism, to identify m6A sites in multiple species. In addition, three conventional machine learning (ML) methods, including support vector machine, random forest and logistic regression classifiers, were considered in this work. In addition to the performance of ML methods for multi-species prediction, the optimal performance of adaptive-m6A yielded an accuracy of 0.9832 and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.98. Moreover, the motif analysis and cross-validation among different species were conducted to test the robustness of one model towards multiple species, which helped improve our understanding about the sequence characteristics and biological functions of RNA modifications in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, 51872, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Chia-Ru Chung
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, 51872, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, 51872, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, 51872, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, 51872, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, 51872, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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28
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Fan Y, Sun G, Pan X. ELMo4m6A: A Contextual Language Embedding-Based Predictor for Detecting RNA N6-Methyladenosine Sites. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:944-954. [PMID: 35536814 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3173323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a universal post-transcriptional modification of RNAs, and it is widely involved in various biological processes. Identifying m6A modification sites accurately is indispensable to further investigate m6A-mediated biological functions. How to better represent RNA sequences is crucial for building effective computational methods for detecting m6A modification sites. However, traditional encoding methods require complex biological prior knowledge and are time-consuming. Furthermore, most of the existing m6A sites prediction methods are limited to single species, and few methods are able to predict m6A sites across different species and tissues. Thus, it is necessary to design a more efficient computational method to predict m6A sites across multiple species and tissues. In this paper, we proposed ELMo4m6A, a contextual language embedding-based method for predicting m6A sites from RNA sequences without any prior knowledge. ELMo4m6A first learns embeddings of RNA sequences using a language model ELMo, then uses a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to identify m6A sites. The results of 5-fold cross-validation and independent testing demonstrate that ELMo4m6A is superior to state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, we applied integrated gradients to find potential sequence patterns contributing to m6A sites.
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29
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Liu T, Zou B, He M, Hu Y, Dou Y, Cui T, Tan P, Li S, Rao S, Huang Y, Liu S, Cai K, Wang D. LncReader: identification of dual functional long noncoding RNAs using a multi-head self-attention mechanism. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6961607. [PMID: 36575567 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding ribonucleic acids (RNAs; LncRNAs) endowed with both protein-coding and noncoding functions are referred to as 'dual functional lncRNAs'. Recently, dual functional lncRNAs have been intensively studied and identified as involved in various fundamental cellular processes. However, apart from time-consuming and cell-type-specific experiments, there is virtually no in silico method for predicting the identity of dual functional lncRNAs. Here, we developed a deep-learning model with a multi-head self-attention mechanism, LncReader, to identify dual functional lncRNAs. Our data demonstrated that LncReader showed multiple advantages compared to various classical machine learning methods using benchmark datasets from our previously reported cncRNAdb project. Moreover, to obtain independent in-house datasets for robust testing, mass spectrometry proteomics combined with RNA-seq and Ribo-seq were applied in four leukaemia cell lines, which further confirmed that LncReader achieved the best performance compared to other tools. Therefore, LncReader provides an accurate and practical tool that enables fast dual functional lncRNA identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bohao Zou
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Manman He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Key Laboratorytar of RNA Regulation and Hematopoiesis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, CAMS and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Yiying Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tianyu Cui
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Puwen Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuan Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Kaican Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
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30
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Zou J, Liu H, Tan W, Chen YQ, Dong J, Bai SY, Wu ZX, Zeng Y. Dynamic regulation and key roles of ribonucleic acid methylation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1058083. [PMID: 36601431 PMCID: PMC9806184 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1058083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation is the most abundant modification in biological systems, accounting for 60% of all RNA modifications, and affects multiple aspects of RNA (including mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs). Dysregulation of RNA methylation causes many developmental diseases through various mechanisms mediated by N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N 1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hm5C), and pseudouridine (Ψ). The emerging tools of RNA methylation can be used as diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic markers. Here, we review the accumulated discoveries to date regarding the biological function and dynamic regulation of RNA methylation/modification, as well as the most popularly used techniques applied for profiling RNA epitranscriptome, to provide new ideas for growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zou
- Community Health Service Center, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Community Health Service Center, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Community Health Service Center, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-qi Chen
- Community Health Service Center, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Community Health Service Center, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-yuan Bai
- Community Health Service Center, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-xia Wu
- Community Health Service Center, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Community Health Service Center, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Yan Zeng,
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31
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Luo Z, Lou L, Qiu W, Xu Z, Xiao X. Predicting N6-Methyladenosine Sites in Multiple Tissues of Mammals through Ensemble Deep Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415490. [PMID: 36555143 PMCID: PMC9778682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant within eukaryotic messenger RNA modification, which plays an essential regulatory role in the control of cellular functions and gene expression. However, it remains an outstanding challenge to detect mRNA m6A transcriptome-wide at base resolution via experimental approaches, which are generally time-consuming and expensive. Developing computational methods is a good strategy for accurate in silico detection of m6A modification sites from the large amount of RNA sequence data. Unfortunately, the existing computational models are usually only for m6A site prediction in a single species, without considering the tissue level of species, while most of them are constructed based on low-confidence level data generated by an m6A antibody immunoprecipitation (IP)-based sequencing method, thereby restricting reliability and generalizability of proposed models. Here, we review recent advances in computational prediction of m6A sites and construct a new computational approach named im6APred using ensemble deep learning to accurately identify m6A sites based on high-confidence level data in multiple tissues of mammals. Our model im6APred builds upon a comprehensive evaluation of multiple classification methods, including four traditional classification algorithms and three deep learning methods and their ensembles. The optimal base-classifier combinations are then chosen by five-fold cross-validation test to achieve an effective stacked model. Our model im6APred can produce the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) in the range of 0.82-0.91 on independent tests, indicating that our model has the ability to learn general methylation rules on RNA bases and generalize to m6A transcriptome-wide identification. Moreover, AUROCs in the range of 0.77-0.96 were achieved using cross-species/tissues validation on the benchmark dataset, demonstrating differences in predictive performance at the tissue level and the need for constructing tissue-specific models for m6A site prediction.
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Zhou J, Wang X, Wei Z, Meng J, Huang D. 4acCPred: Weakly supervised prediction of N4-acetyldeoxycytosine DNA modification from sequences. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:337-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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RNADSN: Transfer-Learning 5-Methyluridine (m5U) Modification on mRNAs from Common Features of tRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113493. [PMID: 36362279 PMCID: PMC9655583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant non-canonical bases widely occurring on various RNA molecules is 5-methyluridine (m5U). Recent studies have revealed its influences on the development of breast cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus, and the regulation of stress responses. The accurate identification of m5U sites is crucial for understanding their biological functions. We propose RNADSN, the first transfer learning deep neural network that learns common features between tRNA m5U and mRNA m5U to enhance the prediction of mRNA m5U. Without seeing the experimentally detected mRNA m5U sites, RNADSN has already outperformed the state-of-the-art method, m5UPred. Using mRNA m5U classification as an additional layer of supervision, our model achieved another distinct improvement and presented an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9422 and an average precision (AP) of 0.7855. The robust performance of RNADSN was also verified by cross-technical and cross-cellular validation. The interpretation of RNADSN also revealed the sequence motif of common features. Therefore, RNADSN should be a useful tool for studying m5U modification.
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Li Y, Meng J, Zhao D. Editorial: RNA editing and modification in development and diseases. Front Genet 2022; 13:1025445. [PMID: 36267405 PMCID: PMC9577470 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1025445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Li
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yanqiang Li, ; Jia Meng, ; Dongyu Zhao,
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- AI University Research Centre, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqiang Li, ; Jia Meng, ; Dongyu Zhao,
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqiang Li, ; Jia Meng, ; Dongyu Zhao,
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Huang D, Chen K, Song B, Wei Z, Su J, Coenen F, de Magalhães JP, Rigden DJ, Meng J. Geographic encoding of transcripts enabled high-accuracy and isoform-aware deep learning of RNA methylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10290-10310. [PMID: 36155798 PMCID: PMC9561283 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most pervasive epigenetic mark present on mRNA and lncRNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulates all stages of RNA life in various biological processes and disease mechanisms. Computational methods for deciphering RNA modification have achieved great success in recent years; nevertheless, their potential remains underexploited. One reason for this is that existing models usually consider only the sequence of transcripts, ignoring the various regions (or geography) of transcripts such as 3′UTR and intron, where the epigenetic mark forms and functions. Here, we developed three simple yet powerful encoding schemes for transcripts to capture the submolecular geographic information of RNA, which is largely independent from sequences. We show that m6A prediction models based on geographic information alone can achieve comparable performances to classic sequence-based methods. Importantly, geographic information substantially enhances the accuracy of sequence-based models, enables isoform- and tissue-specific prediction of m6A sites, and improves m6A signal detection from direct RNA sequencing data. The geographic encoding schemes we developed have exhibited strong interpretability, and are applicable to not only m6A but also N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and can serve as a general and effective complement to the widely used sequence encoding schemes in deep learning applications concerning RNA transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyun Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.,Department of Computer Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Kunqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, PR China
| | - Bowen Song
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.,Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.,Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jionglong Su
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.,School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Frans Coenen
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Daniel J Rigden
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.,Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.,AI University Research Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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DLm6Am: A Deep-Learning-Based Tool for Identifying N6,2′-O-Dimethyladenosine Sites in RNA Sequences. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911026. [PMID: 36232325 PMCID: PMC9570463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) is a post-transcriptional modification that may be associated with regulatory roles in the control of cellular functions. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately identify transcriptome-wide m6Am sites to understand underlying m6Am-dependent mRNA regulation mechanisms and biological functions. Here, we used three sequence-based feature-encoding schemes, including one-hot, nucleotide chemical property (NCP), and nucleotide density (ND), to represent RNA sequence samples. Additionally, we proposed an ensemble deep learning framework, named DLm6Am, to identify m6Am sites. DLm6Am consists of three similar base classifiers, each of which contains a multi-head attention module, an embedding module with two parallel deep learning sub-modules, a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a Bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), and a prediction module. To demonstrate the superior performance of our model’s architecture, we compared multiple model frameworks with our method by analyzing the training data and independent testing data. Additionally, we compared our model with the existing state-of-the-art computational methods, m6AmPred and MultiRM. The accuracy (ACC) for the DLm6Am model was improved by 6.45% and 8.42% compared to that of m6AmPred and MultiRM on independent testing data, respectively, while the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the DLm6Am model was increased by 4.28% and 5.75%, respectively. All the results indicate that DLm6Am achieved the best prediction performance in terms of ACC, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), AUROC, and the area under precision and recall curves (AUPR). To further assess the generalization performance of our proposed model, we implemented chromosome-level leave-out cross-validation, and found that the obtained AUROC values were greater than 0.83, indicating that our proposed method is robust and can accurately predict m6Am sites.
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ResSUMO: A Deep Learning Architecture Based on Residual Structure for Prediction of Lysine SUMOylation Sites. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172646. [PMID: 36078053 PMCID: PMC9454673 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine SUMOylation plays an essential role in various biological functions. Several approaches integrating various algorithms have been developed for predicting SUMOylation sites based on a limited dataset. Recently, the number of identified SUMOylation sites has significantly increased due to investigation at the proteomics scale. We collected modification data and found the reported approaches had poor performance using our collected data. Therefore, it is essential to explore the characteristics of this modification and construct prediction models with improved performance based on an enlarged dataset. In this study, we constructed and compared 16 classifiers by integrating four different algorithms and four encoding features selected from 11 sequence-based or physicochemical features. We found that the convolution neural network (CNN) model integrated with residue structure, dubbed ResSUMO, performed favorably when compared with the traditional machine learning and CNN models in both cross-validation and independent tests. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for ResSUMO was around 0.80, superior to that of the reported predictors. We also found that increasing the depth of neural networks in the CNN models did not improve prediction performance due to the degradation problem, but the residual structure could be included to optimize the neural networks and improve performance. This indicates that residual neural networks have the potential to be broadly applied in the prediction of other types of modification sites with great effectiveness and robustness. Furthermore, the online ResSUMO service is freely accessible.
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Chen HM, Li H, Lin MX, Fan WJ, Zhang Y, Lin YT, Wu SX. Research Progress for RNA Modifications in Physiological and Pathological Angiogenesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:952667. [PMID: 35937999 PMCID: PMC9354963 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical layer of epigenetics, RNA modifications demonstrate various molecular functions and participate in numerous biological processes. RNA modifications have been shown to be essential for embryogenesis and stem cell fate. As high-throughput sequencing and antibody technologies advanced by leaps and bounds, the association of RNA modifications with multiple human diseases sparked research enthusiasm; in addition, aberrant RNA modification leads to tumor angiogenesis by regulating angiogenesis-related factors. This review collected recent cutting-edge studies focused on RNA modifications (N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N5-methylcytosine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and pseudopuridine (Ψ)), and their related regulators in tumor angiogenesis to emphasize the role and impact of RNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Xian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-Xiang Wu, ; Yan-Ting Lin,
| | - Shu-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-Xiang Wu, ; Yan-Ting Lin,
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Pan X, Lin X, Cao D, Zeng X, Yu PS, He L, Nussinov R, Cheng F. Deep learning for drug repurposing: Methods, databases, and applications. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Pan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xuan Lin
- School of Computer Science Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Dongsheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xiangxiang Zeng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Philip S. Yu
- Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Lifang He
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute at Frederick Frederick Maryland USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
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EMDLP: Ensemble multiscale deep learning model for RNA methylation site prediction. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:221. [PMID: 35676633 PMCID: PMC9178860 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research recommends that epi-transcriptome regulation through post-transcriptional RNA modifications is essential for all sorts of RNA. Exact identification of RNA modification is vital for understanding their purposes and regulatory mechanisms. However, traditional experimental methods of identifying RNA modification sites are relatively complicated, time-consuming, and laborious. Machine learning approaches have been applied in the procedures of RNA sequence features extraction and classification in a computational way, which may supplement experimental approaches more efficiently. Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) have been demonstrated achievements in modification site prediction on account of their powerful functions in representation learning. However, CNN can learn the local response from the spatial data but cannot learn sequential correlations. And LSTM is specialized for sequential modeling and can access both the contextual representation but lacks spatial data extraction compared with CNN. There is strong motivation to construct a prediction framework using natural language processing (NLP), deep learning (DL) for these reasons. RESULTS This study presents an ensemble multiscale deep learning predictor (EMDLP) to identify RNA methylation sites in an NLP and DL way. It organically combines the dilated convolution and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), which helps to take better advantage of the local and global information for site prediction. The first step of EMDLP is to represent the RNA sequences in an NLP way. Thus, three encodings, e.g., RNA word embedding, One-hot encoding, and RGloVe, which is an improved learning method of word vector representation based on GloVe, are adopted to decipher sites from the viewpoints of the local and global information. Then, a dilated convolutional Bidirectional LSTM network (DCB) model is constructed with the dilated convolutional neural network (DCNN) followed by BiLSTM to extract potential contributing features for methylation site prediction. Finally, these three encoding methods are integrated by a soft vote to obtain better predictive performance. Experiment results on m1A and m6A reveal that the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC) of EMDLP obtains respectively 95.56%, 85.24%, and outperforms the state-of-the-art models. To maximize user convenience, a user-friendly webserver for EMDLP was publicly available at http://www.labiip.net/EMDLP/index.php ( http://47.104.130.81/EMDLP/index.php ). CONCLUSIONS We developed a predictor for m1A and m6A methylation sites.
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He Z, Xu J, Shi H, Wu S. m5CRegpred: Epitranscriptome Target Prediction of 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) Regulators Based on Sequencing Features. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040677. [PMID: 35456483 PMCID: PMC9025882 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a common post-transcriptional modification observed in a variety of RNAs. m5C has been demonstrated to be important in a variety of biological processes, including RNA structural stability and metabolism. Driven by the importance of m5C modification, many projects focused on the m5C sites prediction were reported before. To better understand the upstream and downstream regulation of m5C, we present a bioinformatics framework, m5CRegpred, to predict the substrate of m5C writer NSUN2 and m5C readers YBX1 and ALYREF for the first time. After features comparison, window lengths selection and algorism comparison on the mature mRNA model, our model achieved AUROC scores 0.869, 0.724 and 0.889 for NSUN2, YBX1 and ALYREF, respectively in an independent test. Our work suggests the substrate of m5C regulators can be distinguished and may help the research of m5C regulators in a special condition, such as substrates prediction of hyper- or hypo-expressed m5C regulators in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China; (Z.H.); (J.X.)
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China; (Z.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Haoran Shi
- Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China; (Z.H.); (J.X.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (S.W.)
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42
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Zhang Y, Huang D, Wei Z, Chen K. Primary sequence-assisted prediction of m6A RNA methylation sites from Oxford nanopore direct RNA sequencing data. Methods 2022; 203:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Wang H, Wang S, Zhang Y, Bi S, Zhu X. A brief review of machine learning methods for RNA methylation sites prediction. Methods 2022; 203:399-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Li F, Guo X, Xiang D, Pitt ME, Bainomugisa A, Coin LJ. Computational analysis and prediction of PE_PGRS proteins using machine learning. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:662-674. [PMID: 35140886 PMCID: PMC8804200 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome comprises approximately 10% of two families of poorly characterised genes due to their high GC content and highly repetitive nature. The largest sub-group, the proline-glutamic acid polymorphic guanine-cytosine-rich sequence (PE_PGRS) family, is thought to be involved in host response and disease pathogenicity. Due to their high genetic variability and complexity of analysis, they are typically disregarded for further research in genomic studies. There are currently limited online resources and homology computational tools that can identify and analyse PE_PGRS proteins. In addition, they are computational-intensive and time-consuming, and lack sensitivity. Therefore, computational methods that can rapidly and accurately identify PE_PGRS proteins are valuable to facilitate the functional elucidation of the PE_PGRS family proteins. In this study, we developed the first machine learning-based bioinformatics approach, termed PEPPER, to allow users to identify PE_PGRS proteins rapidly and accurately. PEPPER was built upon a comprehensive evaluation of 13 popular machine learning algorithms with various sequence and physicochemical features. Empirical studies demonstrated that PEPPER achieved significantly better performance than alignment-based approaches, BLASTP and PHMMER, in both prediction accuracy and speed. PEPPER is anticipated to facilitate community-wide efforts to conduct high-throughput identification and analysis of PE_PGRS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xudong Guo
- School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Dongxu Xiang
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Miranda E. Pitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Lachlan J.M. Coin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Manavalan B, Basith S, Lee G. Comparative analysis of machine learning-based approaches for identifying therapeutic peptides targeting SARS-CoV-2. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:bbab412. [PMID: 34595489 PMCID: PMC8500067 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted public health as well as societal and economic well-being. In the last two decades, various prediction algorithms and tools have been developed for predicting antiviral peptides (AVPs). The current COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need to develop more efficient and accurate machine learning (ML)-based prediction algorithms for the rapid identification of therapeutic peptides against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several peptide-based ML approaches, including anti-coronavirus peptides (ACVPs), IL-6 inducing epitopes and other epitopes targeting SARS-CoV-2, have been implemented in COVID-19 therapeutics. Owing to the growing interest in the COVID-19 field, it is crucial to systematically compare the existing ML algorithms based on their performances. Accordingly, we comprehensively evaluated the state-of-the-art IL-6 and AVP predictors against coronaviruses in terms of core algorithms, feature encoding schemes, performance evaluation metrics and software usability. A comprehensive performance assessment was then conducted to evaluate the robustness and scalability of the existing predictors using well-constructed independent validation datasets. Additionally, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods, providing useful insights into the development of novel computational tools for characterizing and identifying epitopes or ACVPs. The insights gained from this review are anticipated to provide critical guidance to the scientific community in the rapid design and development of accurate and efficient next-generation in silico tools against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Dou L, Zhang Z, Xu L, Zou Q. iKcr_CNN: A novel computational tool for imbalance classification of human nonhistone crotonylation sites based on convolutional neural networks with focal loss. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3268-3279. [PMID: 35832615 PMCID: PMC9251780 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly discovered protein post-translational modification and has been proved to be widely involved in various biological processes and human diseases. Thus, the accurate and fast identification of this modification became the preliminary task in investigating the related biological functions. Due to the long duration, high cost and intensity of traditional high-throughput experimental techniques, constructing bioinformatics predictors based on machine learning algorithms is treated as a most popular solution. Although dozens of predictors have been reported to identify Kcr sites, only two, nhKcr and DeepKcrot, focused on human nonhistone protein sequences. Moreover, due to the imbalance nature of data distribution, associated detection performance is severely biased towards the major negative samples and remains much room for improvement. In this research, we developed a convolutional neural network framework, dubbed iKcr_CNN, to identify the human nonhistone Kcr modification. To overcome the imbalance issue (Kcr: 15,274; non-Kcr: 74,018 with imbalance ratio: 1:4), we applied the focal loss function instead of the standard cross-entropy as the indicator to optimize the model, which not only assigns different weights to samples belonging to different categories but also distinguishes easy- and hard-classified samples. Ultimately, the obtained model presents more balanced prediction scores between real-world positive and negative samples than existing tools. The user-friendly web server is accessible at ikcrcnn.webmalab.cn/, and the involved Python scripts can be conveniently downloaded at github.com/lijundou/iKcr_CNN/. The proposed model may serve as an efficient tool to assist academicians with their experimental researches.
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47
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Ao C, Jiao S, Wang Y, Yu L, Zou Q. Biological Sequence Classification: A Review on Data and General Methods. RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.34133/research.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of biotechnology, the number of biological sequences has grown exponentially. The continuous expansion of biological sequence data promotes the application of machine learning in biological sequences to construct predictive models for mining biological sequence information. There are many branches of biological sequence classification research. In this review, we mainly focus on the function and modification classification of biological sequences based on machine learning. Sequence-based prediction and analysis are the basic tasks to understand the biological functions of DNA, RNA, proteins, and peptides. However, there are hundreds of classification models developed for biological sequences, and the quite varied specific methods seem dizzying at first glance. Here, we aim to establish a long-term support website (
http://lab.malab.cn/~acy/BioseqData/home.html
), which provides readers with detailed information on the classification method and download links to relevant datasets. We briefly introduce the steps to build an effective model framework for biological sequence data. In addition, a brief introduction to single-cell sequencing data analysis methods and applications in biology is also included. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of biological sequence classification research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Ao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shihu Jiao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Yansu Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Yu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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48
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Wu M, Nie F, Liu H, Zhang T, Li M, Song X, Chen W. The evolution of N 6-methyladenosine regulators in plants. Methods 2021; 203:268-275. [PMID: 34883238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a reversible modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays key roles in series of biological processes. Although it has been found that m6A modification is regulated by writers, erasers and readers, their evolutionary processes are still not clearly and systematically described. In the present work, we identified 1592 m6A modification regulators from 65 representative plant species and performed the phylogenetic relationships, sequence structure, selection pressure, and codon usage analysis across species. The regulators from different species or subfamilies were distinguishable based on the phylogenetic trees. Although the gene structure was structurally and functionally conserved for each kind of regulators, the unique exon/intron structures and motif organizations were observed among different families. The selection pressure analysis demonstrated that the regulators experienced purifying selection. Interestingly, the selection pressure for the regulators in higher plants was more relaxed, indicating that they might have acquired new functions during evolution. In addition, the different codon usage preferences were observed for the different kinds of m6A modification regulators. These results will not only facilitate our understanding of the evolution of m6A regulators, but also shed light on how the evolutionary differences affect their functional divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Fulei Nie
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611730, China.
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Staem5: A novel computational approachfor accurate prediction of m5C site. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1027-1034. [PMID: 34786208 PMCID: PMC8571400 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is an important post-transcriptional modification that has been extensively found in multiple types of RNAs. Many studies have shown that m5C plays vital roles in many biological functions, such as RNA structure stability and metabolism. Computational approaches act as an efficient way to identify m5C sites from high-throughput RNA sequence data and help interpret the functional mechanism of this important modification. This study proposed a novel species-specific computational approach, Staem5, to accurately predict RNA m5C sites in Mus musculus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Staem5 was developed by employing feature fusion tactics to leverage informatic sequence profiles, and a stacking ensemble learning framework combined five popular machine learning algorithms. Extensive benchmarking tests demonstrated that Staem5 outperformed state-of-the-art approaches in both cross-validation and independent tests. We provide the source code of Staem5, which is publicly available at https://github.com/Cxd-626/Staem5.git.
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Liang Z, Zhang L, Chen H, Huang D, Song B. m6A-Maize: Weakly supervised prediction of m 6A-carrying transcripts and m 6A-affecting mutations in maize (Zea mays). Methods 2021; 203:226-232. [PMID: 34843978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing techniques nowadays, extensive attention has been paid to epitranscriptomics, which covers more than 150 distinct chemical modifications to date. Among that, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has the most abundant existence, and it is also significantly related to varieties of biological processes. Meanwhile, maize is the most important food crop and cultivated throughout the world. Therefore, the study of m6A modification in maize has both economic and academic value. In this research, we proposed a weakly supervised learning model to predict the situation of m6A modification in maize. The proposed model learns from low-resolution epitranscriptome datasets (e.g., MeRIP-seq), which predicts the m6A methylation status of given fragments or regions. By taking advantage of our prediction model, we further identified traits-associated SNPs that may affect (add or remove) m6A modifications in maize, which may provide potential regulatory mechanisms at epitranscriptome layer. Additionally, a centralized online-platform was developed for m6A study in maize, which contains 58,838 experimentally validated maize m6A-containing regions including training and testing datasets, and a database for 2,578 predicted traits-associated m6A-affecting maize mutations. Furthermore, the online web server based on proposed weakly supervised model is available for predicting putative m6A sites from user-uploaded maize sequences, as well as accessing the epitranscriptome impact of user-interested maize SNPs on m6A modification. In all, our work provided a useful resource for the study of m6A RNA methylation in maize species. It is freely accessible at www.xjtlu.edu.cn/biologicalsciences/maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanmin Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Haoting Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Daiyun Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Bowen Song
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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