1
|
Baumer ZT, Erber L, Jolley E, Lawrence S, Lin C, Murakami S, Perez V, Prall W, Schaening-Burgos C, Sylvia M, Chen S, Gregory BD. Defining the commonalities between post-transcriptional and post-translational modification communities. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:185-188. [PMID: 37884411 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA (PRMs) and post-translational modifications of proteins (PTMs) are important regulatory mechanisms in biological processes and have many commonalities. However, the integration of these research areas is lacking. A recent discussion identified the priorities, areas of emphasis, and necessary technologies to advance and integrate these areas of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Baumer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Luke Erber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jolley
- Department of Chemistry, Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sheldon Lawrence
- Department of Biology, Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, GA 30054, USA
| | - Chuwei Lin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shino Murakami
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Veronica Perez
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wil Prall
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Megan Sylvia
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Department of Biology, and Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma B, Govindan G, Li Y, Sunkar R, Gregory BD. RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Affects Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:8. [PMID: 38392963 PMCID: PMC10892094 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA mediated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been found to have profound effects on transcriptome regulation during plant responses to various abiotic stresses. However, whether this RNA modification can affect an oxidative stress response in plants has not been studied. To assess the role of m6A modifications during copper-induced oxidative stress responses, m6A-IP-seq was performed in Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to high levels of copper sulfate. This analysis revealed large-scale shifts in this modification on the transcripts most relevant for oxidative stress. This altered epitranscriptomic mark is known to influence transcript abundance and translation; therefore we scrutinized these possibilities. We found an increased abundance of copper-enriched m6A-containing transcripts. Similarly, we also found increased ribosome occupancy of copper-enriched m6A-containing transcripts, specifically those encoding proteins involved with stress responses relevant to oxidative stressors. Furthermore, the significance of the m6A epitranscriptome on plant oxidative stress tolerance was uncovered by assessing germination and seedling development of the mta (N6-methyladenosine RNA methyltransferase A mutant complemented with ABI3:MTA) mutant exposed to high copper treatment. These analyses suggested hypersensitivity of the mta mutant compared to the wild-type plants in response to copper-induced oxidative stress. Overall, our findings suggest an important role for m6A in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishwas Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ganesan Govindan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.G.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yongfang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (G.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo R, Gregory BD. PELOTA and HBS1 suppress co-translational messenger RNA decay in Arabidopsis. Plant Direct 2023; 7:e553. [PMID: 38149303 PMCID: PMC10751093 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Various messenger RNA (mRNA) decay mechanisms play major roles in controlling mRNA quality and quantity in eukaryotic organisms under different conditions. While it is known that the recently discovered co-translational mRNA decay (CTRD), the mechanism that allows mRNAs to be degraded while still being actively translated, is prevalent in yeast, humans, and various angiosperms, the regulation of this decay mechanism is less well studied. Moreover, it is still unclear whether this decay mechanism plays any role in the regulation of specific physiological processes in eukaryotes. Here, by re-analyzing the publicly available polysome profiling or ribosome footprinting and degradome sequencing datasets, we discovered that highly translated mRNAs tend to have lower co-translational decay levels. Based on this finding, we then identified Pelota and Hbs1, the translation-related ribosome rescue factors, as suppressors of co-translational mRNA decay in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we found that Pelota and Hbs1 null mutants have lower germination rates compared to the wild-type plants, implying that proper regulation of co-translational mRNA decay is essential for normal developmental processes. In total, our study provides further insights into the regulation of CTRD in Arabidopsis and demonstrates that this decay mechanism does play important roles in Arabidopsis physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li C, Shin H, Bhavanasi D, Liu M, Yu X, Peslak SA, Liu X, Alvarez-Dominguez JR, Blobel GA, Gregory BD, Huang J, Klein PS. Expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells by inhibiting translation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.28.568925. [PMID: 38077058 PMCID: PMC10705409 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.568925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation using umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a potentially life-saving treatment for leukemia and bone marrow failure but is limited by the low number of HSCs in UCB. The loss of HSCs after ex vivo manipulation is also a major obstacle to gene editing for inherited blood disorders. HSCs require a low rate of translation to maintain their capacity for self-renewal, but hematopoietic cytokines used to expand HSCs stimulate protein synthesis and impair long-term self-renewal. We previously described cytokine-free conditions that maintain but do not expand human and mouse HSCs ex vivo. Here we performed a high throughput screen and identified translation inhibitors that allow ex vivo expansion of human HSCs while minimizing cytokine exposure. Transplantation assays show a ~5-fold expansion of long-term HSCs from UCB after one week of culture in low cytokine conditions. Single cell transcriptomic analysis demonstrates maintenance of HSCs expressing mediators of the unfolded protein stress response, further supporting the importance of regulated proteostasis in HSC maintenance and expansion. This expansion method maintains and expands human HSCs after CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the BCL11A+58 enhancer, overcoming a major obstacle to ex vivo gene correction for human hemoglobinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hanna Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dheeraj Bhavanasi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mai Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott A. Peslak
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juan R. Alvarez-Dominguez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gerd A. Blobel
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research; Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Peter S. Klein
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prall W, Sheikh AH, Bazin J, Bigeard J, Almeida-Trapp M, Crespi M, Hirt H, Gregory BD. Pathogen-induced m6A dynamics affect plant immunity. Plant Cell 2023; 35:4155-4172. [PMID: 37610247 PMCID: PMC10615206 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA mediated by methylation at the N6 position of adenine (N6-methyladenosine [m6A]) has profound effects on transcriptome regulation in plants. Focused studies across eukaryotes offer glimpses into the processes governed by m6A throughout developmental and disease states. However, we lack an understanding of the dynamics and the regulatory potential of m6A during biotic stress in plants. Here, we provide a comprehensive look into the effects of m6A on both the short-term and long-term responses to pathogen signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We demonstrate that m6A-deficient plants are more resistant to bacterial and fungal pathogen infections and have altered immune responses. Furthermore, m6A deposition is specifically coordinated on transcripts involved in defense and immunity prior to and proceeding the pathogen signal flagellin. Consequently, the dynamic modulation of m6A on specific stress-responsive transcripts is correlated with changes in abundance and cleavage of these transcripts. Overall, we show that the m6A methylome is regulated prior to and during simulated and active pathogen stress and functions in the coordination and balancing of normal growth and pathogen responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wil Prall
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,USA
| | - Arsheed H Sheikh
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900,Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeremie Bazin
- CNRS, INRA, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Universite Paris Sud, Universite Evry, Universite Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette,France
| | - Jean Bigeard
- CNRS, INRA, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Universite Paris Sud, Universite Evry, Universite Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette,France
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900,Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Crespi
- CNRS, INRA, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Universite Paris Sud, Universite Evry, Universite Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette,France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900,Saudi Arabia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna,Austria
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fisher SA, Grijalva M, Guo R, Johnston SA, Laurent LC, Nguyen H, Renz J, Rosario JG, Rudich S, Gregory BD, Kim J, O’Neill K. Systematic Sampling of the Female Reproductive System for Molecular Characterization. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e848. [PMID: 37584588 PMCID: PMC10575691 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
As part of the National Institutes of Health Human BioMolecular Atlas Program to develop a global platform to map the 37 trillion cells in the adult human body, we are generating a comprehensive molecular characterization of the female reproductive system. Data gathered from multiple single-cell/single-nucleus and spatial molecular assays will be used to build a 3D molecular atlas. Herein, we describe our multistep protocol, beginning with an optimized organ procurement workflow that maintains functional characteristics of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes by perfusing these organs with preservation solution. We have also developed a structured tissue sampling procedure that retains information on individual-level anatomic, physiologic, and individual diversity of the female reproductive system, toward full exploration of the function and structure of female reproductive cells. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation and preservation of the female reproductive system (ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus) prior to procurement Basic Protocol 2: Removal of the female reproductive system en bloc Basic Protocol 3: Postsurgical dissection of ovaries Basic Protocol 4: Postsurgical dissection of fallopian tubes Basic Protocol 5: Postsurgical dissection of cervix Basic Protocol 6: Postsurgical dissection of uterine body Support Protocol 1: OCT-embedded tissue protocol Support Protocol 2: Tissue fixation protocol Support Protocol 3: Snap-frozen tissue protocol Basic Protocol 7: Tissue slice preparation for Visium analysis Support Protocol 4: Hematoxylin and eosin staining for 10X Visium imaging Basic Protocol 8: Manual tissue dissociation for Multiome analysis Basic Protocol 9: Tissue dissociation for Multiome analysis using S2 Singulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Fisher
- 433 S. University Ave., Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Marielena Grijalva
- 421 Curie Blvd., BRB II/III rm 1342, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rong Guo
- 433 S. University Ave., Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sarah A Johnston
- 421 Curie Blvd., BRB II/III rm 1342, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- 433 S. University Ave., Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - John Renz
- Gift of Life, 5901 Broken Sound Pkwy NW, Suite 600, Boca Raton, FL 33487 USA
| | - Jean G Rosario
- 433 S. University Ave., Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Steven Rudich
- Gift of Life, 5901 Broken Sound Pkwy NW, Suite 600, Boca Raton, FL 33487 USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- 433 S. University Ave., Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Junhyong Kim
- 433 S. University Ave., Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kathleen O’Neill
- 421 Curie Blvd., BRB II/III rm 1342, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prall W, Ganguly DR, Gregory BD. The covalent nucleotide modifications within plant mRNAs: What we know, how we find them, and what should be done in the future. Plant Cell 2023; 35:1801-1816. [PMID: 36794718 PMCID: PMC10226571 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although covalent nucleotide modifications were first identified on the bases of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), a number of these epitranscriptome marks have also been found to occur on the bases of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). These covalent mRNA features have been demonstrated to have various and significant effects on the processing (e.g. splicing, polyadenylation, etc.) and functionality (e.g. translation, transport, etc.) of these protein-encoding molecules. Here, we focus our attention on the current understanding of the collection of covalent nucleotide modifications known to occur on mRNAs in plants, how they are detected and studied, and the most outstanding future questions of each of these important epitranscriptomic regulatory signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wil Prall
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, 433 S. University Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diep R Ganguly
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, 433 S. University Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, 433 S. University Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eckardt NA, Axtell MJ, Barta A, Chen X, Gregory BD, Guo H, Manavella PA, Mosher RA, Meyers BC. Focus on RNA biology. Plant Cell 2023; 35:1617-1618. [PMID: 36943779 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Eckardt
- Senior Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
| | - Michael J Axtell
- Reviewing Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrea Barta
- Reviewing Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Senior Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Reviewing Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Reviewing Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pablo A Manavella
- Guest Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Rebecca A Mosher
- Guest Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- The School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Editor-in-Chief, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma B, Prall W, Bhatia G, Gregory BD. The Diversity and Functions of Plant RNA Modifications: What We Know and Where We Go from Here. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2023; 74:53-85. [PMID: 36917824 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071122-085813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first ribonucleic acid (RNA) modifications in transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), scientists have been on a quest to decipher the identities and functions of RNA modifications in biological systems. The last decade has seen monumental growth in the number of studies that have characterized and assessed the functionalities of RNA modifications in the field of plant biology. Owing to these studies, we now categorize RNA modifications based on their chemical nature and the RNA on which they are found, as well as the array of proteins that are involved in the processes that add, read, and remove them from an RNA molecule. Beyond their identity, another key piece of the puzzle is the functional significance of the various types of RNA modifications. Here, we shed light on recent studies that help establish our current understanding of the diversity of RNA modifications found in plant transcriptomes and the functions they play at both the molecular (e.g., RNA stability, translation, and transport) and organismal (e.g., stress response and development) levels. Finally, we consider the key research questions related to plant gene expression and biology in general and highlight developments in various technologies that are driving our insights forward in this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishwas Sharma
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Wil Prall
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Garima Bhatia
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sierra I, Pyfrom S, Weiner A, Zhao G, Driscoll A, Yu X, Gregory BD, Vaughan AE, Anguera MC. Unusual X chromosome inactivation maintenance in female alveolar type 2 cells is correlated with increased numbers of X-linked escape genes and sex-biased gene expression. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:489-502. [PMID: 36638790 PMCID: PMC9968984 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences exist for many lung pathologies, including COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis, but the mechanistic basis for this remains unclear. Alveolar type 2 cells (AT2s), which play a key role in alveolar lung regeneration, express the X-linked Ace2 gene that has roles in lung repair and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, suggesting that X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in AT2s might impact sex-biased lung pathology. Here we investigate XCI maintenance and sex-specific gene expression profiles using male and female AT2s. Remarkably, the inactive X chromosome (Xi) lacks robust canonical Xist RNA "clouds" and less enrichment of heterochromatic modifications in human and mouse AT2s. We demonstrate that about 68% of expressed X-linked genes in mouse AT2s, including Ace2, escape XCI. There are genome-wide expression differences between male and female AT2s, likely influencing both lung physiology and pathophysiologic responses. These studies support a renewed focus on AT2s as a potential contributor to sex-biased differences in lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sierra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Pyfrom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron Weiner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Driscoll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo R, Yu X, Gregory BD. The identification of conserved sequence features of co-translationally decayed mRNAs and upstream open reading frames in angiosperm transcriptomes. Plant Direct 2023; 7:e479. [PMID: 36643787 PMCID: PMC9831718 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RNA turnover is essential in maintaining messenger RNA (mRNA) homeostasis during various developmental stages and stress responses. Co-translational mRNA decay (CTRD), a process in which mRNAs are degraded while still associated with translating ribosomes, has recently been discovered to function in yeast and three angiosperm transcriptomes. However, it is still unclear how prevalent CTRD across the plant lineage. Moreover, the sequence features of co-translationally decayed mRNAs have not been well-studied. Here, utilizing a collection of publicly available degradome sequencing datasets for another seven angiosperm transcriptomes, we have confirmed that CTRD is functioning in at least 10 angiosperms and likely throughout the plant lineage. Additionally, we have identified sequence features shared by the co-translationally decayed mRNAs in these species, implying a possible conserved triggering mechanism for this pathway. Given that degradome sequencing datasets can also be used to identify actively translating upstream open reading frames (uORFs), which are quite understudied in plants, we have identified numerous actively translating uORFs in the same 10 angiosperms. These findings reveal that actively translating uORFs are prevalent in plant transcriptomes, some of which are conserved across this lineage. We have also observed conserved sequence features in the regions flanking these uORFs' stop codons that might contribute to ribosome stalling at these sequences. Finally, we discovered that there were very few overlaps between the mRNAs harboring actively translating uORFs and those sorted into the co-translational decay pathway in the majority of the studied angiosperms, suggesting that these two processes might be nearly mutually exclusive in those species. In total, our findings provide the identification of CTRD and actively translating uORFs across a broad collection of plants and provide novel insights into the important sequence features associated with these collections of mRNAs and regulatory elements, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prall W, Gregory BD. The fold makes all the difference in COOLAIR-mediated regulation of plant flowering time. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2254-2256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
13
|
Bhatia G, Prall W, Sharma B, Gregory BD. Covalent RNA modifications and their budding crosstalk with plant epigenetic processes. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2022; 69:102287. [PMID: 35988352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our recent cognizance of diverse RNA classes undergoing dynamic covalent chemical modifications (or epitranscriptomic marks) in plants has provided fresh insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of gene expression regulation. Comparatively, epigenetic marks comprising heritable modifications of DNA and histones have been extensively studied in plants and their impact on plant gene expression is quite established. Based on our growing knowledge of the plant epitranscriptome and epigenome, it is logical to explore how the two regulatory layers intermingle to intricately determine gene expression levels underlying key biological processes such as development and response to stress. Herein, we focus on the emerging evidence of crosstalk between the plant epitranscriptome with epigenetic regulation involving DNA modification, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Bhatia
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wil Prall
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bishwas Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Palos K, Nelson Dittrich AC, Yu L, Brock JR, Railey CE, Wu HYL, Sokolowska E, Skirycz A, Hsu PY, Gregory BD, Lyons E, Beilstein MA, Nelson ADL. Identification and functional annotation of long intergenic non-coding RNAs in Brassicaceae. Plant Cell 2022; 34:3233-3260. [PMID: 35666179 PMCID: PMC9421480 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are a large yet enigmatic class of eukaryotic transcripts that can have critical biological functions. The wealth of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data available for plants provides the opportunity to implement a harmonized identification and annotation effort for lincRNAs that enables cross-species functional and genomic comparisons as well as prioritization of functional candidates. In this study, we processed >24 Tera base pairs of RNA-seq data from >16,000 experiments to identify ∼130,000 lincRNAs in four Brassicaceae: Arabidopsis thaliana, Camelina sativa, Brassica rapa, and Eutrema salsugineum. We used nanopore RNA-seq, transcriptome-wide structural information, peptide data, and epigenomic data to characterize these lincRNAs and identify conserved motifs. We then used comparative genomic and transcriptomic approaches to highlight lincRNAs in our data set with sequence or transcriptional conservation. Finally, we used guilt-by-association analyses to assign putative functions to lincRNAs within our data set. We tested this approach on a subset of lincRNAs associated with germination and seed development, observing germination defects for Arabidopsis lines harboring T-DNA insertions at these loci. LincRNAs with Brassicaceae-conserved putative miRNA binding motifs, small open reading frames, or abiotic-stress modulated expression are a few of the annotations that will guide functional analyses into this cryptic portion of the transcriptome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Palos
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Li’ang Yu
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jordan R Brock
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Caylyn E Railey
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hsin-Yen Larry Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Polly Yingshan Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Lyons
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark A Beilstein
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Govindan G, Sharma B, Li Y, Armstrong CD, Merum P, Rohila JS, Gregory BD, Sunkar R. mRNA N 6 -methyladenosine is critical for cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2022; 111:1052-1068. [PMID: 35710867 PMCID: PMC9543165 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to low temperatures by altering the mRNA abundance of thousands of genes contributing to numerous physiological and metabolic processes that allow them to adapt. At the post-transcriptional level, these cold stress-responsive transcripts undergo alternative splicing, microRNA-mediated regulation and alternative polyadenylation, amongst others. Recently, m6 A, m5 C and other mRNA modifications that can affect the regulation and stability of RNA were discovered, thus revealing another layer of post-transcriptional regulation that plays an important role in modulating gene expression. The importance of m6 A in plant growth and development has been appreciated, although its significance under stress conditions is still underexplored. To assess the role of m6 A modifications during cold stress responses, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed in Arabidopsis seedlings esposed to low temperature stress (4°C) for 24 h. This transcriptome-wide m6 A analysis revealed large-scale shifts in this modification in response to low temperature stress. Because m6 A is known to affect transcript stability/degradation and translation, we investigated these possibilities. Interestingly, we found that cold-enriched m6 A-containing transcripts demonstrated the largest increases in transcript abundance coupled with increased ribosome occupancy under cold stress. The significance of the m6 A epitranscriptome on plant cold tolerance was further assessed using the mta mutant in which the major m6 A methyltransferase gene was mutated. Compared to the wild-type, along with the differences in CBFs and COR gene expression levels, the mta mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to cold treatment as determined by primary root growth, biomass, and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Furthermore, and most importantly, both non-acclimated and cold-acclimated mta mutant demonstrated hypersensitivity to freezing tolerance. Taken together, these findings suggest a critical role for the epitranscriptome in cold tolerance of Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Govindan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK74078USA
| | - Bishwas Sharma
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Yong‐Fang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK74078USA
| | | | - Pandrangaiah Merum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK74078USA
| | - Jai S. Rohila
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research CenterUnited States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServicesStuttgartAR72160USA
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK74078USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Janssen KA, Xie Y, Kramer MC, Gregory BD, Garcia BA. Data-Independent Acquisition for the Detection of Mononucleoside RNA Modifications by Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:885-893. [PMID: 35357823 PMCID: PMC9425428 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
RNA is dynamically modified in cells by a plethora of chemical moieties to modulate molecular functions and processes. Over 140 modifications have been identified across species and RNA types, with the highest density and diversity of modifications found in tRNA (tRNA). The methods used to identify and quantify these modifications have developed over recent years and continue to advance, primarily in the fields of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and mass spectrometry (MS). Most current NGS methods are limited to antibody-recognized or chemically derivatized modifications and have limitations in identifying multiple modifications simultaneously. Mass spectrometry can overcome both of these issues, accurately identifying a large number of modifications in a single run. Here, we present advances in MS data acquisition for the purpose of RNA modification identification and quantitation. Using this approach, we identified multiple tRNA wobble position modifications in Arabidopsis thaliana that are upregulated in salt-stressed growth conditions and may stabilize translation of salt stress induced proteins. This work presents improvements in methods for studying RNA modifications and introduces a possible regulatory role of wobble position modifications in A. thaliana translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Janssen
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yixuan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Corresponding Author: Correspondence to: Benjamin A. Garcia;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kramer MC, Kim HJ, Palos KR, Garcia BA, Lyons E, Beilstein MA, Nelson ADL, Gregory BD. A Conserved Long Intergenic Non-coding RNA Containing snoRNA Sequences, lncCOBRA1, Affects Arabidopsis Germination and Development. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:906603. [PMID: 35693169 PMCID: PMC9175010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.906603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an increasingly studied group of non-protein coding transcripts with a wide variety of molecular functions gaining attention for their roles in numerous biological processes. Nearly 6,000 lncRNAs have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana but many have yet to be studied. Here, we examine a class of previously uncharacterized lncRNAs termed CONSERVED IN BRASSICA RAPA (lncCOBRA) transcripts that were previously identified for their high level of sequence conservation in the related crop species Brassica rapa, their nuclear-localization and protein-bound nature. In particular, we focus on lncCOBRA1 and demonstrate that its abundance is highly tissue and developmental specific, with particularly high levels early in germination. lncCOBRA1 contains two snoRNAs domains within it, making it the first sno-lincRNA example in a non-mammalian system. However, we find that it is processed differently than its mammalian counterparts. We further show that plants lacking lncCOBRA1 display patterns of delayed germination and are overall smaller than wild-type plants. Lastly, we identify the proteins that interact with lncCOBRA1 and propose a novel mechanism of lincRNA action in which it may act as a scaffold with the RACK1A protein to regulate germination and development, possibly through a role in ribosome biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne C. Kramer
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kyle R. Palos
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- CyVerse Inc., Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Mark A. Beilstein
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian D. Gregory,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Felix CA, Slater DJ, Davenport JW, Yu X, Gregory BD, Li MM, Rappaport EF, Cheung NKV. KMT2A-MAML2 rearrangement emerged and regressed during neuroblastoma therapy without leukemia after 12.8-year follow-up. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29344. [PMID: 34550633 PMCID: PMC9616630 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Twelvepatients without therapy-related leukemia were studied after completing TOP2 poison chemotherapy in a high-risk neuroblastoma regimen. One patient harbored an inv(11) that was a KMT2A rearrangement. The KMT2A-MAML2 transcript was expressed at low level. The patient was prospectively followed. The inv(11) was undetectable in ensuing samples. Leukemia never developed after a 12.8-year follow-up period. Enriched etoposide-induced TOP2A cleavage in the relevant MAML2 genomic region supports a TOP2A DNA damage mechanism. After completing TOP2 poison chemotherapies, covert KMT2A-R clones may occur in a small minority of patients; however, not all KMT2A rearrangements herald a therapy-related leukemia diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A. Felix
- Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Corresponding Author: Carolyn A. Felix, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics, Joshua Kahan Endowed Chair in Pediatric Leukemia Research, Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 4006, 3501 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, (215) 590-2831,
| | - Diana J. Slater
- Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Nucleic Acids and PCR Core Facility, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - James W. Davenport
- Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xiang Yu
- Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Marilyn M. Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Eric F. Rappaport
- Nucleic Acids and PCR Core Facility, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shan M, Ji X, Janssen K, Silverman IM, Humenik J, Garcia BA, Liebhaber SA, Gregory BD. Dynamic changes in RNA-protein interactions and RNA secondary structure in mammalian erythropoiesis. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/9/e202000659. [PMID: 34315813 PMCID: PMC8321672 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two features of eukaryotic RNA molecules that regulate their post-transcriptional fates are RNA secondary structure and RNA-binding protein (RBP) interaction sites. However, a comprehensive global overview of the dynamic nature of these sequence features during erythropoiesis has never been obtained. Here, we use our ribonuclease-mediated structure and RBP-binding site mapping approach to reveal the global landscape of RNA secondary structure and RBP-RNA interaction sites and the dynamics of these features during this important developmental process. We identify dynamic patterns of RNA secondary structure and RBP binding throughout the process and determine a set of corresponding protein-bound sequence motifs along with their dynamic structural and RBP-binding contexts. Finally, using these dynamically bound sequences, we identify a number of RBPs that have known and putative key functions in post-transcriptional regulation during mammalian erythropoiesis. In total, this global analysis reveals new post-transcriptional regulators of mammalian blood cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Shan
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Xinjun Ji
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Janssen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Ian M Silverman
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Jesse Humenik
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Ben A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Stephen A Liebhaber
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA .,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA .,Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu X, Willmann MR, Vandivier LE, Trefely S, Kramer MC, Shapiro J, Guo R, Lyons E, Snyder NW, Gregory BD. Messenger RNA 5' NAD + Capping Is a Dynamic Regulatory Epitranscriptome Mark That Is Required for Proper Response to Abscisic Acid in Arabidopsis. Dev Cell 2020; 56:125-140.e6. [PMID: 33290723 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) normally possess a 5' end N7-methyl guanosine (m7G) cap, a non-canonical 5' nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) cap can tag certain transcripts for degradation mediated by the NAD+ decapping enzyme DXO1. Despite this importance, whether NAD+ capping dynamically responds to specific stimuli to regulate eukaryotic transcriptomes remains unknown. Here, we reveal a link between NAD+ capping and tissue- and hormone response-specific mRNA stability. In the absence of DXO1 function, transcripts displaying a high proportion of NAD+ capping are instead processed into RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6-dependent small RNAs, resulting in their continued turnover likely to free the NAD+ molecules. Additionally, the NAD+-capped transcriptome is significantly remodeled in response to the essential plant hormone abscisic acid in a mechanism that is primarily independent of DXO1. Overall, our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized and essential role of NAD+ capping in dynamically regulating transcript stability during specific physiological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Willmann
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lee E Vandivier
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marianne C Kramer
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shapiro
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; CyVerse, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu X, Sharma B, Gregory BD. The impact of epitranscriptomic marks on post-transcriptional regulation in plants. Brief Funct Genomics 2020; 20:113-124. [PMID: 33274735 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotides within the various RNA molecules in eukaryotes are marked with more than 160 distinct covalent chemical modifications. These modifications include those that occur internally in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C), as well as those that occur at the ends of the modified RNAs like the non-canonical 5' end nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) cap modification of specific mRNAs. Recent findings have revealed that covalent RNA modifications can impact the secondary structure, translatability, functionality, stability and degradation of the RNA molecules in which they are included. Many of these covalent RNA additions have also been found to be dynamically added and removed through writer and eraser complexes, respectively, providing a new layer of epitranscriptome-mediated post-transcriptional regulation that regulates RNA quality and quantity in eukaryotic transcriptomes. Thus, it is not surprising that the regulation of RNA fate mediated by these epitranscriptomic marks has been demonstrated to have widespread effects on plant development and the responses of these organisms to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we highlight recent progress focused on the study of the dynamic nature of these epitranscriptome marks and their roles in post-transcriptional regulation during plant development and response to environmental cues, with an emphasis on the mRNA modifications of non-canonical 5' end NAD+ capping, m6A and several other internal RNA modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Research Associate in the lab of Dr Brian D. Gregory
| | | | - Brian D Gregory
- Associate Professor and a Graduate Chair in the Department of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bhat SS, Bielewicz D, Gulanicz T, Bodi Z, Yu X, Anderson SJ, Szewc L, Bajczyk M, Dolata J, Grzelak N, Smolinski DJ, Gregory BD, Fray RG, Jarmolowski A, Szweykowska-Kulinska Z. mRNA adenosine methylase (MTA) deposits m 6A on pri-miRNAs to modulate miRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21785-21795. [PMID: 32817553 DOI: 10.1101/557900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the METTL3 homolog, mRNA adenosine methylase (MTA) introduces N6-methyladenosine (m6A) into various coding and noncoding RNAs of the plant transcriptome. Here, we show that an MTA-deficient mutant (mta) has decreased levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) but accumulates primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs). Moreover, pri-miRNAs are methylated by MTA, and RNA structure probing analysis reveals a decrease in secondary structure within stem-loop regions of these transcripts in mta mutant plants. We demonstrate interaction between MTA and both RNA Polymerase II and TOUGH (TGH), a plant protein needed for early steps of miRNA biogenesis. Both MTA and TGH are necessary for efficient colocalization of the Microprocessor components Dicer-like 1 (DCL1) and Hyponastic Leaves 1 (HYL1) with RNA Polymerase II. We propose that secondary structure of miRNA precursors induced by their MTA-dependent m6A methylation status, together with direct interactions between MTA and TGH, influence the recruitment of Microprocessor to plant pri-miRNAs. Therefore, the lack of MTA in mta mutant plants disturbs pri-miRNA processing and leads to the decrease in miRNA accumulation. Furthermore, our findings reveal that reduced miR393b levels likely contributes to the impaired auxin response phenotypes of mta mutant plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Sagar Bhat
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Bielewicz
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gulanicz
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Zsuzsanna Bodi
- School of Biosciences, Plant Science Division, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Stephen J Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lukasz Szewc
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bajczyk
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Dolata
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Grzelak
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Smolinski
- Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rupert G Fray
- School of Biosciences, Plant Science Division, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Artur Jarmolowski
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Zofia Szweykowska-Kulinska
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Heldt NA, Seliga A, Winfield M, Gajghate S, Reichenbach N, Yu X, Rom S, Tenneti A, May D, Gregory BD, Persidsky Y. Electronic cigarette exposure disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity and promotes neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:363-380. [PMID: 32243899 PMCID: PMC7899242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has grown substantially since inception, particularly among adolescents and combustible tobacco users. Several cigarette smoke constituents with known neurovascular effect are present in e-cigarette liquids or formed during the vapor generation. The present study establishes inhaled models of cigarette and e-cigarette use with normalized nicotine delivery, then characterizes the impact on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Sequencing of microvessel RNA following exposure revealed downregulation of several genes with critical roles in BBB function. Reduced protein expression of Occludin and Glut1 is also observed at the tight junction in all groups following exposure. Pro-inflammatory changes in leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction are also noted, and mice exposed to nicotine-free e-cigarettes have impaired novel object recognition performance. On this basis, it is concluded that long term e-cigarette use may adversely impact neurovascular health. The observed effects are noted to be partly independent of nicotine content and nicotine may even serve to moderate the effects of non-nicotinic components on the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Heldt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alecia Seliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malika Winfield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sachin Gajghate
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Reichenbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Slava Rom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amogha Tenneti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dana May
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kramer MC, Janssen KA, Palos K, Nelson ADL, Vandivier LE, Garcia BA, Lyons E, Beilstein MA, Gregory BD. N 6-methyladenosine and RNA secondary structure affect transcript stability and protein abundance during systemic salt stress in Arabidopsis. Plant Direct 2020; 4:e00239. [PMID: 32724893 PMCID: PMC7379018 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
After transcription, a messenger RNA (mRNA) is further post-transcriptionally regulated by several features including RNA secondary structure and covalent RNA modifications (specifically N6-methyladenosine, m6A). Both RNA secondary structure and m6A have been demonstrated to regulate mRNA stability and translation and have been independently linked to plant responses to soil salinity levels. However, the effect of m6A on regulating RNA secondary structure and the combinatorial interplay between these two RNA features during salt stress response has yet to be studied. Here, we globally identify RNA-protein interactions and RNA secondary structure during systemic salt stress. This analysis reveals that RNA secondary structure changes significantly during salt stress, and that it is independent of global changes in RNA-protein interactions. Conversely, we find that m6A is anti-correlated with RNA secondary structure in a condition-dependent manner, with salt-specific m6A correlated with a decrease in mRNA secondary structure during salt stress. Taken together, we suggest that salt-specific m6A deposition and the associated loss of RNA secondary structure results in increases in mRNA stability for transcripts encoding abiotic stress response proteins and ultimately increases in protein levels from these stabilized transcripts. In total, our comprehensive analyses reveal important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in plant long-term salt stress response and adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne C. Kramer
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate GroupPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kevin A. Janssen
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Epigenetics InstitutePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate GroupUniversity of PennsylvaniaPAUSA
| | - Kyle Palos
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | | | - Lee E. Vandivier
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate GroupPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Epigenetics InstitutePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- CyVerseUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | | | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate GroupPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kuksa PP, Li F, Kannan S, Gregory BD, Leung YY, Wang LS. HiPR: High-throughput probabilistic RNA structure inference. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1539-1547. [PMID: 32637050 PMCID: PMC7327253 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent high-throughput structure-sensitive genome-wide sequencing-based assays have enabled large-scale studies of RNA structure, and robust transcriptome-wide computational prediction of individual RNA structures across RNA classes from these assays has potential to further improve the prediction accuracy. Here, we describe HiPR, a novel method for RNA structure prediction at single-nucleotide resolution that combines high-throughput structure probing data (DMS-seq, DMS-MaPseq) with a novel probabilistic folding algorithm. On validation data spanning a variety of RNA classes, HiPR often increases accuracy for predicting RNA structures, giving researchers new tools to study RNA structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel P. Kuksa
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fan Li
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Sampath Kannan
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kuksa PP, Amlie-Wolf A, Hwang YC, Valladares O, Gregory BD, Wang LS. HIPPIE2: a method for fine-scale identification of physically interacting chromatin regions. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa022. [PMID: 32270138 PMCID: PMC7106622 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most regulatory chromatin interactions are mediated by various transcription factors (TFs) and involve physically interacting elements such as enhancers, insulators or promoters. To map these elements and interactions at a fine scale, we developed HIPPIE2 that analyzes raw reads from high-throughput chromosome conformation (Hi-C) experiments to identify precise loci of DNA physically interacting regions (PIRs). Unlike standard genome binning approaches (e.g. 10-kb to 1-Mb bins), HIPPIE2 dynamically infers the physical locations of PIRs using the distribution of restriction sites to increase analysis precision and resolution. We applied HIPPIE2 to in situ Hi-C datasets across six human cell lines (GM12878, IMR90, K562, HMEC, HUVEC, NHEK) with matched ENCODE/Roadmap functional genomic data. HIPPIE2 detected 1042 738 distinct PIRs, with high resolution (average PIR length of 1006 bp) and high reproducibility (92.3% in GM12878). PIRs are enriched for epigenetic marks (H3K27ac, H3K4me1) and open chromatin, suggesting active regulatory roles. HIPPIE2 identified 2.8 million significant PIR–PIR interactions, 27.2% of which were enriched for TF binding sites. 50 608 interactions were enhancer–promoter interactions and were enriched for 33 TFs, including known DNA looping/long-range mediators. These findings demonstrate that the novel dynamic approach of HIPPIE2 (https://bitbucket.com/wanglab-upenn/HIPPIE2) enables the characterization of chromatin and regulatory interactions with high resolution and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel P Kuksa
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandre Amlie-Wolf
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Otto Valladares
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Peri S, Roberts S, Kreko IR, McHan LB, Naron A, Ram A, Murphy RL, Lyons E, Gregory BD, Devisetty UK, Nelson ADL. Read Mapping and Transcript Assembly: A Scalable and High-Throughput Workflow for the Processing and Analysis of Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing Data. Front Genet 2020; 10:1361. [PMID: 32038716 PMCID: PMC6993073 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation RNA-sequencing is an incredibly powerful means of generating a snapshot of the transcriptomic state within a cell, tissue, or whole organism. As the questions addressed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) become both more complex and greater in number, there is a need to simplify RNA-seq processing workflows, make them more efficient and interoperable, and capable of handling both large and small datasets. This is especially important for researchers who need to process hundreds to tens of thousands of RNA-seq datasets. To address these needs, we have developed a scalable, user-friendly, and easily deployable analysis suite called RMTA (Read Mapping, Transcript Assembly). RMTA can easily process thousands of RNA-seq datasets with features that include automated read quality analysis, filters for lowly expressed transcripts, and read counting for differential expression analysis. RMTA is containerized using Docker for easy deployment within any compute environment [cloud, local, or high-performance computing (HPC)] and is available as two apps in CyVerse's Discovery Environment, one for normal use and one specifically designed for introducing undergraduates and high school to RNA-seq analysis. For extremely large datasets (tens of thousands of FASTq files) we developed a high-throughput, scalable, and parallelized version of RMTA optimized for launching on the Open Science Grid (OSG) from within the Discovery Environment. OSG-RMTA allows users to utilize the Discovery Environment for data management, parallelization, and submitting jobs to OSG, and finally, employ the OSG for distributed, high throughput computing. Alternatively, OSG-RMTA can be run directly on the OSG through the command line. RMTA is designed to be useful for data scientists, of any skill level, interested in rapidly and reproducibly analyzing their large RNA-seq data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sateesh Peri
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Group, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sarah Roberts
- CyVerse, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Isabella R. Kreko
- LIVE-for-Plants Summer Research Program, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lauren B. McHan
- LIVE-for-Plants Summer Research Program, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Alexandra Naron
- LIVE-for-Plants Summer Research Program, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Archana Ram
- LIVE-for-Plants Summer Research Program, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Murphy
- Biology Department, Centenary College of Louisiana, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Eric Lyons
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Group, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- CyVerse, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Anderson SJ, Kramer MC, Gosai SJ, Yu X, Vandivier LE, Nelson ADL, Anderson ZD, Beilstein MA, Fray RG, Lyons E, Gregory BD. N 6-Methyladenosine Inhibits Local Ribonucleolytic Cleavage to Stabilize mRNAs in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1146-1157.e3. [PMID: 30380407 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a dynamic, reversible, covalently modified ribonucleotide that occurs predominantly toward 3' ends of eukaryotic mRNAs and is essential for their proper function and regulation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, many RNAs contain at least one m6A site, yet the transcriptome-wide function of m6A remains mostly unknown. Here, we show that many m6A-modified mRNAs in Arabidopsis have reduced abundance in the absence of this mark. The decrease in abundance is due to transcript destabilization caused by cleavage occurring 4 or 5 nt directly upstream of unmodified m6A sites. Importantly, we also find that, upon agriculturally relevant salt treatment, m6A is dynamically deposited on and stabilizes transcripts encoding proteins required for salt and osmotic stress response. Overall, our findings reveal that m6A generally acts as a stabilizing mark through inhibition of site-specific cleavage in plant transcriptomes, and this mechanism is required for proper regulation of the salt-stress-responsive transcriptome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marianne C Kramer
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sager J Gosai
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lee E Vandivier
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew D L Nelson
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Zachary D Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Beilstein
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rupert G Fray
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang X, Xue C, Lin J, Ferguson JF, Weiner A, Liu W, Han Y, Hinkle C, Li W, Jiang H, Gosai S, Hachet M, Garcia BA, Gregory BD, Soccio RE, Hogenesch JB, Seale P, Li M, Reilly MP. Interrogation of nonconserved human adipose lincRNAs identifies a regulatory role of linc-ADAL in adipocyte metabolism. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/446/eaar5987. [PMID: 29925637 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of cellular functions. Most lincRNAs are not conserved among mammals, raising the fundamental question of whether nonconserved adipose-expressed lincRNAs are functional. To address this, we performed deep RNA sequencing of gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue from 25 healthy humans. We identified 1001 putative lincRNAs expressed in all samples through de novo reconstruction of noncoding transcriptomes and integration with existing lincRNA annotations. One hundred twenty lincRNAs had adipose-enriched expression, and 54 of these exhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) or CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) binding at their loci. Most of these adipose-enriched lincRNAs (~85%) were not conserved in mice, yet on average, they showed degrees of expression and binding of PPARγ and C/EBPα similar to those displayed by conserved lincRNAs. Most adipose lincRNAs differentially expressed (n = 53) in patients after bariatric surgery were nonconserved. The most abundant adipose-enriched lincRNA in our subcutaneous adipose data set, linc-ADAL, was nonconserved, up-regulated in adipose depots of obese individuals, and markedly induced during in vitro human adipocyte differentiation. We demonstrated that linc-ADAL interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU) and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) at distinct subcellular locations to regulate adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jennie Lin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amber Weiner
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yumiao Han
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christine Hinkle
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sager Gosai
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Melanie Hachet
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raymond E Soccio
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. .,Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao T, Huan Q, Sun J, Liu C, Hou X, Yu X, Silverman IM, Zhang Y, Gregory BD, Liu CM, Qian W, Cao X. Impact of poly(A)-tail G-content on Arabidopsis PAB binding and their role in enhancing translational efficiency. Genome Biol 2019; 20:189. [PMID: 31481099 PMCID: PMC6724284 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyadenylation plays a key role in producing mature mRNAs in eukaryotes. It is widely believed that the poly(A)-binding proteins (PABs) uniformly bind to poly(A)-tailed mRNAs, regulating their stability and translational efficiency. RESULTS We observe that the homozygous triple mutant of broadly expressed Arabidopsis thaliana PABs, AtPAB2, AtPAB4, and AtPAB8, is embryonic lethal. To understand the molecular basis, we characterize the RNA-binding landscape of these PABs. The AtPAB-binding efficiency varies over one order of magnitude among genes. To identify the sequences accounting for the variation, we perform poly(A)-seq that directly sequences the full-length poly(A) tails. More than 10% of poly(A) tails contain at least one guanosine (G); among them, the G-content varies from 0.8 to 28%. These guanosines frequently divide poly(A) tails into interspersed A-tracts and therefore cause the variation in the AtPAB-binding efficiency among genes. Ribo-seq and genome-wide RNA stability assays show that AtPAB-binding efficiency of a gene is positively correlated with translational efficiency rather than mRNA stability. Consistently, genes with stronger AtPAB binding exhibit a greater reduction in translational efficiency when AtPAB is depleted. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a new mechanism that translational efficiency of a gene can be regulated through the G-content-dependent PAB binding, paving the way for a better understanding of poly(A) tail-associated regulation of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taolan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiuli Hou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ian M Silverman
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health and Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenfeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Prall W, Sharma B, Gregory BD. Transcription Is Just the Beginning of Gene Expression Regulation: The Functional Significance of RNA-Binding Proteins to Post-transcriptional Processes in Plants. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:1939-1952. [PMID: 31155676 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to compensate and respond to ever-changing environmental conditions. Research focus in this area has recently shifted towards understanding the post-transcriptional mechanisms that contribute to RNA transcript maturation, abundance and function as key regulatory steps in allowing plants to properly react and adapt to these never-ending shifts in their environments. At the center of these regulatory mechanisms are RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), the functional mediators of all post-transcriptional processes. In plants, RBPs are becoming increasingly appreciated as the critical modulators of core cellular processes during development and in response to environmental stimuli. With the majority of research on RBPs and their functions historically in prokaryotic and mammalian systems, it has more recently been unveiled that plants have expanded families of conserved and novel RBPs compared with their eukaryotic counterparts. To better understand the scope of RBPs in plants, we present past and current literature detailing specific roles of RBPs during stress response, development and other fundamental transition periods. In this review, we highlight examples of complex regulation coordinated by RBPs with a focus on the diverse mechanisms of plant RBPs and the unique processes they regulate. Additionally, we discuss the importance for additional research into understanding global interactions of RBPs on a systems and network-scale, with genome mining and annotation providing valuable insight for potential uses in improving crop plants in order to maintain high-level production in this era of global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wil Prall
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bishwas Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Ribonucleotides can be decorated with over 100 types of covalent chemical modifications. These modifications change the structure, function, and catalytic activity of RNAs, forming a layer of posttranscriptional regulation termed the epitranscriptome. Recent advances in high-throughput mapping have demonstrated these modifications are abundant and mark nearly all classes of RNAs, including messenger RNAs. Here, we outline one such technique called high-throughput annotation of modified ribonucleotides (HAMR). HAMR exploits the tendency of certain modified ribonucleotides to interfere with base pairing, leading to errors in complementary DNA synthesis during RNA sequencing library preparation. In total, we present a computational protocol for in silico identification of modifications with HAMR, which can be retroactively applied to a variety of RNA sequencing techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee E Vandivier
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary D Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kramer MC, Gregory BD. Using Protein Interaction Profile Sequencing (PIP-seq) to Identify RNA Secondary Structure and RNA-Protein Interaction Sites of Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1933:343-361. [PMID: 30945196 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9045-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
From the moment of transcription, RNA molecules are continuously bound by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). While the majority of research has focused on how these RBPs regulate posttranscriptional gene regulation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), the majority of cellular RNAs do not code for proteins, such as ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and microRNAs. Since these RNAs do not code for protein, their function is mainly determined by their interactions with RBPs as well as their intramolecular base pairing, or RNA secondary structure. One class of noncoding RNAs termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently become the subject of intense research interest. To study the function of lncRNAs in eukaryotic cells, it is important to examine both their interactions with RBPs as well as their RNA secondary structure. Protein interaction profile sequencing (PIP-seq) is a genome-wide method that uses structure-specific ribonucleases (RNases) to identify regions of double-stranded and single-stranded RNA as well as regions that are protected from these RNases, which represent sites of RBP binding. This method is a very powerful way to examine RNA-protein interactions and RNA secondary structure of all lncRNAs expressed in cells and tissues and can reveal cell-type-specific or tissue-specific patterns of these RNA features. Here, we give a step-by-step account of performing this technique for comprehensively analyzing RNA-protein interactions and RNA secondary structure in plant transcriptomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne C Kramer
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kramer MC, Anderson SJ, Gregory BD. The nucleotides they are a-changin': function of RNA binding proteins in post-transcriptional messenger RNA editing and modification in Arabidopsis. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2018; 45:88-95. [PMID: 29883934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During and after transcription, the fate of an RNA molecule is almost entirely directed by the cohorts of interacting RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs regulate all stages of the life cycle of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, including splicing, polyadenylation, transport out of the nucleus, RNA stability, and translation. In addition to these functions, RBPs can function to modify or edit the sequences encoded by the RNA. While the sequence for each transcript is determined in the genome, by the time an RNA reaches its final fate, the sequence may have been edited, where one nucleotide is converted to another, or modified, where a chemical group, or sometimes others moieties, are covalently linked to a nucleotide base. These changes to the RNA sequence have major consequences on the function of the RNA. Additionally, variation in the levels of the RBPs that perform the editing or modification can drastically affect the fitness of an organism. Here, we review RBPs that are known to edit or modify RNA ribonucleotides, focusing on the RNA editing ability of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins and the RBPs that modify adenosine to N6- methyladenosine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne C Kramer
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen J Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Throughout all kingdoms of life, ribonucleotides are marked with covalent chemical modifications that change the structure and binding properties of modified RNA molecules. These marks are deposited by 'writer' proteins, recognized by 'readers', and removed by 'erasers', thus forming an epitranscriptomic system of marks and binding proteins directly analogous to the epigenome. Recent advances in marrying classical biochemical techniques with high-throughput sequencing have enabled detailed mapping of plant epitranscriptomic marks, which in turn yielded insights into how these marks regulate a host of biological processes, from shoot stem cell fate to floral transition and from leaf development to viral activity. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the study of plant epitranscriptomics, with an emphasis on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C). These studies have advanced the field beyond descriptive mapping or isolated genetic studies, and produced a more nuanced understanding of how components of the epitranscriptome and their binding proteins directly regulate critical aspects of plant biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee E Vandivier
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kakrana A, Mathioni SM, Huang K, Hammond R, Vandivier L, Patel P, Arikit S, Shevchenko O, Harkess AE, Kingham B, Gregory BD, Leebens-Mack JH, Meyers BC. Plant 24-nt reproductive phasiRNAs from intramolecular duplex mRNAs in diverse monocots. Genome Res 2018; 28:1333-1344. [PMID: 30002159 PMCID: PMC6120631 DOI: 10.1101/gr.228163.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In grasses, two pathways that generate diverse and numerous 21-nt (premeiotic) and 24-nt (meiotic) phased siRNAs are highly enriched in anthers, the male reproductive organs. These "phasiRNAs" are analogous to mammalian piRNAs, yet their functions and evolutionary origins remain largely unknown. The 24-nt meiotic phasiRNAs have only been described in grasses, wherein their biogenesis is dependent on a specialized Dicer (DCL5). To assess how evolution gave rise to this pathway, we examined reproductive phasiRNA pathways in nongrass monocots: garden asparagus, daylily, and lily. The common ancestors of these species diverged approximately 115-117 million years ago (MYA). We found that premeiotic 21-nt and meiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs were abundant in all three species and displayed spatial localization and temporal dynamics similar to grasses. The miR2275-triggered pathway was also present, yielding 24-nt reproductive phasiRNAs, and thus originated more than 117 MYA. In asparagus, unlike in grasses, these siRNAs are largely derived from inverted repeats (IRs); analyses in lily identified thousands of precursor loci, and many were also predicted to form foldback substrates for Dicer processing. Additionally, reproductive phasiRNAs were present in female reproductive organs and thus may function in both male and female germinal development. These data describe several distinct mechanisms of production for 24-nt meiotic phasiRNAs and provide new insights into the evolution of reproductive phasiRNA pathways in monocots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kakrana
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19714, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Sandra M Mathioni
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Reza Hammond
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19714, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Lee Vandivier
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Parth Patel
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19714, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Siwaret Arikit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen and Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Olga Shevchenko
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Alex E Harkess
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Bruce Kingham
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bao Y, Pu Y, Yu X, Gregory BD, Srivastava R, Howell SH, Bassham DC. IRE1B degrades RNAs encoding proteins that interfere with the induction of autophagy by ER stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Autophagy 2018; 14:1562-1573. [PMID: 29940799 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1462426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved process in eukaryotes that contributes to cell survival in response to stress. Previously, we found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces autophagy in plants via a pathway dependent upon AT5G24360/IRE1B (INOSITOL REQUIRING 1-1), an ER membrane-anchored factor involved in the splicing of AT1G42990/BZIP60 (basic leucine zipper protein 60) mRNA. IRE1B is a dual protein kinase and ribonuclease, and here we determined the involvement of the protein kinase catalytic domain, nucleotide binding and RNase domains of IRE1B in activating autophagy. We found that the nucleotide binding and RNase activity of IRE1B, but not its protein kinase activity or splicing target BZIP60, are required for ER stress-mediated autophagy. Upon ER stress, the RNase activity of IRE1B engages in regulated IRE1-dependent decay of messenger RNA (RIDD), in which mRNAs of secreted proteins are degraded by IRE1 upon ER stress. Twelve genes most highly targeted by RIDD were tested for their role in inhibiting ER stress-induced autophagy, and 3 of their encoded proteins, AT1G66270/BGLU21 (β-glucosidase 21), AT2G16005/ROSY1/ML (MD2-related lipid recognition protein) and AT5G01870/PR-14 (pathogenesis-related protein 14), were found to inhibit autophagy upon overexpression. From these findings, IRE1B is posited to be a 'licensing factor' linking ER stress to autophagy by degrading the RNA transcripts of factors that interfere with the induction of autophagy. ABBREVIATIONS ACT2: actin 2; ATG: autophagy-related; BGLU21: β-glucosidase 21; BIP3: binding protein 3; BZIP: basic leucine zipper; DAPI: 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DTT: dithiothreitol; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; IRE1: inositol requiring 1; GFP: green fluorescent protein; MAP3K5/ASK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MAPK8/JNK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8/c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; PR-14: pathogenesis-related protein 14; RIDD: Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay of Messenger RNA; ROSY1/ML: interactor of synaptotagmin1/MD2-related lipid recognition protein; Tm: tunicamycin; UPR: unfolded protein response; WT: wild-type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- a Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Yunting Pu
- a Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA.,b Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Program , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- c Department of Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- c Department of Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Renu Srivastava
- d Plant Sciences Institute , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Stephen H Howell
- a Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA.,d Plant Sciences Institute , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- a Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA.,b Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Program , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chatterji P, Hamilton KE, Liang S, Andres SF, Wijeratne HRS, Mizuno R, Simon LA, Hicks PD, Foley SW, Pitarresi JR, Klein-Szanto AJ, Mah AT, Van Landeghem L, Gregory BD, Lengner CJ, Madison BB, Shah P, Rustgi AK. The LIN28B-IMP1 post-transcriptional regulon has opposing effects on oncogenic signaling in the intestine. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1020-1034. [PMID: 30068703 PMCID: PMC6075153 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314369.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are expressed broadly during both development and malignant transformation, yet their mechanistic roles in epithelial homeostasis or as drivers of tumor initiation and progression are incompletely understood. Here we describe a novel interplay between RBPs LIN28B and IMP1 in intestinal epithelial cells. Ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing identified IMP1 as a principle node for gene expression regulation downstream from LIN28B In vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that epithelial IMP1 loss increases expression of WNT target genes and enhances LIN28B-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis, which was reversed when we overexpressed IMP1 independently in vivo. Furthermore, IMP1 loss in wild-type or LIN28B-overexpressing mice enhances the regenerative response to irradiation. Together, our data provide new evidence for the opposing effects of the LIN28B-IMP1 axis on post-transcriptional regulation of canonical WNT signaling, with implications in intestinal homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Chatterji
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Shun Liang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - H R Sagara Wijeratne
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Lauren A Simon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Philip D Hicks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Shawn W Foley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Amanda T Mah
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Blair B Madison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Premal Shah
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nelson ADL, Haug-Baltzell AK, Davey S, Gregory BD, Lyons E. EPIC-CoGe: managing and analyzing genomic data. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:2651-2653. [PMID: 29474529 PMCID: PMC6061785 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary The EPIC-CoGe browser is a web-based genome visualization utility that integrates the GMOD JBrowse genome browser with the extensive CoGe genome database (currently containing over 30 000 genomes). In addition, the EPIC-CoGe browser boasts many additional features over basic JBrowse, including enhanced search capability and on-the-fly analyses for comparisons and analyses between all types of functional and diversity genomics data. There is no installation required and data (genome, annotation, functional genomic and diversity data) can be loaded by following a simple point and click wizard, or using a REST API, making the browser widely accessible and easy to use by researchers of all computational skill levels. In addition, EPIC-CoGe and data tracks are easily embedded in other websites and JBrowse instances. Availability and implementation EPIC-CoGe Browser is freely available for use online through CoGe (https://genomevolution.org). Source code (MIT open source) is available: https://github.com/LyonsLab/coge. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D L Nelson
- BIO5 Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Sean Davey
- BIO5 Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Lyons
- BIO5 Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shimada E, Ahsan FM, Nili M, Huang D, Atamdede S, TeSlaa T, Case D, Yu X, Gregory BD, Perrin BJ, Koehler CM, Teitell MA. PNPase knockout results in mtDNA loss and an altered metabolic gene expression program. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200925. [PMID: 30024931 PMCID: PMC6053217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) is an essential mitochondria-localized exoribonuclease implicated in multiple biological processes and human disorders. To reveal role(s) for PNPase in mitochondria, we established PNPase knockout (PKO) systems by first shifting culture conditions to enable cell growth with defective respiration. Interestingly, PKO established in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) resulted in the loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The transcriptional profile of PKO cells was similar to rho0 mtDNA deleted cells, with perturbations in cholesterol (FDR = 6.35 x 10-13), lipid (FDR = 3.21 x 10-11), and secondary alcohol (FDR = 1.04x10-12) metabolic pathway gene expression compared to wild type parental (TM6) MEFs. Transcriptome analysis indicates processes related to axonogenesis (FDR = 4.49 x 10-3), axon development (FDR = 4.74 x 10-3), and axonal guidance (FDR = 4.74 x 10-3) were overrepresented in PKO cells, consistent with previous studies detailing causative PNPase mutations in delayed myelination, hearing loss, encephalomyopathy, and chorioretinal defects in humans. Overrepresentation analysis revealed alterations in metabolic pathways in both PKO and rho0 cells. Therefore, we assessed the correlation of genes implicated in cell cycle progression and total metabolism and observed a strong positive correlation between PKO cells and rho0 MEFs compared to TM6 MEFs. We quantified the normalized biomass accumulation rate of PKO clones at 1.7% (SD ± 2.0%) and 2.4% (SD ± 1.6%) per hour, which was lower than TM6 cells at 3.3% (SD ± 3.5%) per hour. Furthermore, PKO in mouse inner ear hair cells caused progressive hearing loss that parallels human familial hearing loss previously linked to mutations in PNPase. Combined, our study reports that knockout of a mitochondrial nuclease results in mtDNA loss and suggests that mtDNA maintenance could provide a unifying connection for the large number of biological activities reported for PNPase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Shimada
- Molecular Biology Institute Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fasih M. Ahsan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mahta Nili
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dian Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Atamdede
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Molecular Biology Institute Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dana Case
- Molecular Biology Institute Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Perrin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Carla M. Koehler
- Molecular Biology Institute Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CMK); (MAT)
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Molecular Biology Institute Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CMK); (MAT)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kasowitz SD, Ma J, Anderson SJ, Leu NA, Xu Y, Gregory BD, Schultz RM, Wang PJ. Nuclear m6A reader YTHDC1 regulates alternative polyadenylation and splicing during mouse oocyte development. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007412. [PMID: 29799838 PMCID: PMC5991768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent internal RNA modification in eukaryotes. The majority of m6A sites are found in the last exon and 3' UTRs. Here we show that the nuclear m6A reader YTHDC1 is essential for embryo viability and germline development in mouse. Specifically, YTHDC1 is required for spermatogonial development in males and for oocyte growth and maturation in females; Ythdc1-deficient oocytes are blocked at the primary follicle stage. Strikingly, loss of YTHDC1 leads to extensive alternative polyadenylation in oocytes, altering 3' UTR length. Furthermore, YTHDC1 deficiency causes massive alternative splicing defects in oocytes. The majority of splicing defects in mutant oocytes are rescued by introducing wild-type, but not m6A-binding-deficient, YTHDC1. YTHDC1 is associated with the pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors CPSF6, SRSF3, and SRSF7. Thus, YTHDC1 plays a critical role in processing of pre-mRNA transcripts in the oocyte nucleus and may have similar non-redundant roles throughout fetal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth D. Kasowitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - N. Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - P. Jeremy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mizuno R, Chatterji P, Andres S, Hamilton K, Simon L, Foley SW, Jeganathan A, Gregory BD, Madison B, Rustgi AK. Differential Regulation of LET-7 by LIN28B Isoform-Specific Functions. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:403-416. [PMID: 29330293 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein LIN28B plays an important role in development, stem cell biology, and tumorigenesis. LIN28B has two isoforms: the LIN28B-long and -short isoforms. Although studies have revealed the functions of the LIN28B-long isoform in tumorigenesis, the role of the LIN28B-short isoform remains unclear and represents a major gap in the field. The LIN28B-long and -short isoforms are expressed in a subset of human colorectal cancers and adjacent normal colonic mucosa, respectively. To elucidate the functional and mechanistic aspects of these isoforms, colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2 and LoVo) were generated to either express no LIN28B or the -short or -long isoform. Interestingly, the long isoform suppressed LET-7 expression and activated canonical RAS/ERK signaling, whereas the short isoform did not. The LIN28B-long isoform-expressing cells demonstrated increased drug resistance to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin through the upregulation of ERCC1, a DNA repair gene, in a LET-7-dependent manner. The LIN28B-short isoform preserved its ability to bind pre-let-7, without inhibiting the maturation of LET-7, and competed with the LIN28B-long isoform for binding to pre-let-7 Coexpression of the short isoform in the LIN28B-long isoform-expressing cells rescued the phenotypes induced by the LIN28B-long isoform.Implications: This study demonstrates the differential antagonistic functions of the LIN28B-short isoform against the LIN28B-long isoform through an inability to degrade LET-7, which leads to the novel premise that the short isoform may serve to counterbalance the long isoform during normal colonic epithelial homeostasis, but its downregulation during colonic carcinogenesis may reveal the protumorigenic effects of the long isoform. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 403-16. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Andres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn W Foley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arjun Jeganathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blair Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Foley SW, Gosai SJ, Wang D, Selamoglu N, Sollitti AC, Köster T, Steffen A, Lyons E, Daldal F, Garcia BA, Staiger D, Deal RB, Gregory BD. A Global View of RNA-Protein Interactions Identifies Post-transcriptional Regulators of Root Hair Cell Fate. Dev Cell 2017; 41:204-220.e5. [PMID: 28441533 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana root epidermis is comprised of two cell types, hair and nonhair cells, which differentiate from the same precursor. Although the transcriptional programs regulating these events are well studied, post-transcriptional factors functioning in this cell fate decision are mostly unknown. Here, we globally identify RNA-protein interactions and RNA secondary structure in hair and nonhair cell nuclei. This analysis reveals distinct structural and protein binding patterns across both transcriptomes, allowing identification of differential RNA binding protein (RBP) recognition sites. Using these sequences, we identify two RBPs that regulate hair cell development. Specifically, we find that SERRATE functions in a microRNA-dependent manner to inhibit hair cell fate, while also terminating growth of root hairs mostly independent of microRNA biogenesis. In addition, we show that GLYCINE-RICH PROTEIN 8 promotes hair cell fate while alleviating phosphate starvation stress. In total, this global analysis reveals post-transcriptional regulators of plant root epidermal cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn W Foley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sager J Gosai
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nur Selamoglu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amelia C Sollitti
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tino Köster
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
| | - Alexander Steffen
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Fevzi Daldal
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dorothee Staiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
| | - Roger B Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Grover JW, Bomhoff M, Davey S, Gregory BD, Mosher RA, Lyons E. CoGe LoadExp+: A web-based suite that integrates next-generation sequencing data analysis workflows and visualization. Plant Direct 2017; 1:PLD38. [PMID: 31240274 PMCID: PMC6508507 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To make genomic and epigenomic analyses more widely available to the biological research community, we have created LoadExp+, a suite of bioinformatics workflows integrated with the web-based comparative genomics platform, CoGe. LoadExp+ allows users to perform transcriptomic (RNA-seq), epigenomic (bisulfite-seq), chromatin-binding (ChIP-seq), variant identification (SNPs), and population genetics analyses against any genome in CoGe, including genomes integrated by users themselves. Through LoadExp+'s integration with CoGe's existing features, all analyses are available for visualization and additional downstream processing, and are available for export to CyVerse's data management and analysis platforms. LoadExp+ provides easy-to-use functionality to manage genomics and epigenomics data throughout its entire lifecycle using a publicly available web-based platform and facilitates greater accessibility of genomics analyses to researchers of all skill levels. LoadExp+ can be accessed at https://genomevolution.org.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Grover
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Matthew Bomhoff
- BIO5 InstituteUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Sean Davey
- BIO5 InstituteUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Rebecca A. Mosher
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- BIO5 InstituteUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Eric Lyons
- BIO5 InstituteUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Foley SW, Kramer MC, Gregory BD. RNA structure, binding, and coordination in Arabidopsis. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 2017; 8. [PMID: 28660659 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
From the moment of transcription, up through degradation, each RNA transcript is bound by an ever-changing cohort of RNA binding proteins. The binding of these proteins is regulated by both the primary RNA sequence, as well as the intramolecular RNA folding, or secondary structure, of the transcript. Thus, RNA secondary structure regulates many post-transcriptional processes. With the advent of next generation sequencing, several techniques have been developed to generate global landscapes of both RNA-protein interactions and RNA secondary structure. In this review, we describe the current state of the field detailing techniques to globally interrogate RNA secondary structure and/or RNA-protein interaction sites, as well as our current understanding of these features in the transcriptome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1426. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1426 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn W Foley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marianne C Kramer
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yu X, Davenport JW, Urtishak KA, Carillo ML, Gosai SJ, Kolaris CP, Byl JAW, Rappaport EF, Osheroff N, Gregory BD, Felix CA. Genome-wide TOP2A DNA cleavage is biased toward translocated and highly transcribed loci. Genome Res 2017; 27:1238-1249. [PMID: 28385713 PMCID: PMC5495075 DOI: 10.1101/gr.211615.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Type II topoisomerases orchestrate proper DNA topology, and they are the targets of anti-cancer drugs that cause treatment-related leukemias with balanced translocations. Here, we develop a high-throughput sequencing technology to define TOP2 cleavage sites at single-base precision, and use the technology to characterize TOP2A cleavage genome-wide in the human K562 leukemia cell line. We find that TOP2A cleavage has functionally conserved local sequence preferences, occurs in cleavage cluster regions (CCRs), and is enriched in introns and lincRNA loci. TOP2A CCRs are biased toward the distal regions of gene bodies, and TOP2 poisons cause a proximal shift in their distribution. We find high TOP2A cleavage levels in genes involved in translocations in TOP2 poison–related leukemia. In addition, we find that a large proportion of genes involved in oncogenic translocations overall contain TOP2A CCRs. The TOP2A cleavage of coding and lincRNA genes is independently associated with both length and transcript abundance. Comparisons to ENCODE data reveal distinct TOP2A CCR clusters that overlap with marks of transcription, open chromatin, and enhancers. Our findings implicate TOP2A cleavage as a broad DNA damage mechanism in oncogenic translocations as well as a functional role of TOP2A cleavage in regulating transcription elongation and gene activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - James W Davenport
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karen A Urtishak
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Marie L Carillo
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sager J Gosai
- Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Christos P Kolaris
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jo Ann W Byl
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Eric F Rappaport
- NAPCore, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Carolyn A Felix
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Slabodnick MM, Ruby JG, Reiff SB, Swart EC, Gosai S, Prabakaran S, Witkowska E, Larue GE, Fisher S, Freeman RM, Gunawardena J, Chu W, Stover NA, Gregory BD, Nowacki M, Derisi J, Roy SW, Marshall WF, Sood P. The Macronuclear Genome of Stentor coeruleus Reveals Tiny Introns in a Giant Cell. Curr Biol 2017; 27:569-575. [PMID: 28190732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The giant, single-celled organism Stentor coeruleus has a long history as a model system for studying pattern formation and regeneration in single cells. Stentor [1, 2] is a heterotrichous ciliate distantly related to familiar ciliate models, such as Tetrahymena or Paramecium. The primary distinguishing feature of Stentor is its incredible size: a single cell is 1 mm long. Early developmental biologists, including T.H. Morgan [3], were attracted to the system because of its regenerative abilities-if large portions of a cell are surgically removed, the remnant reorganizes into a normal-looking but smaller cell with correct proportionality [2, 3]. These biologists were also drawn to Stentor because it exhibits a rich repertoire of behaviors, including light avoidance, mechanosensitive contraction, food selection, and even the ability to habituate to touch, a simple form of learning usually seen in higher organisms [4]. While early microsurgical approaches demonstrated a startling array of regenerative and morphogenetic processes in this single-celled organism, Stentor was never developed as a molecular model system. We report the sequencing of the Stentor coeruleus macronuclear genome and reveal key features of the genome. First, we find that Stentor uses the standard genetic code, suggesting that ciliate-specific genetic codes arose after Stentor branched from other ciliates. We also discover that ploidy correlates with Stentor's cell size. Finally, in the Stentor genome, we discover the smallest spliceosomal introns reported for any species. The sequenced genome opens the door to molecular analysis of single-cell regeneration in Stentor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Slabodnick
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J Graham Ruby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarah B Reiff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Estienne C Swart
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sager Gosai
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ewa Witkowska
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Graham E Larue
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Susan Fisher
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert M Freeman
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy Gunawardena
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Chu
- Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Naomi A Stover
- Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariusz Nowacki
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Derisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Scott W Roy
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.
| | - Wallace F Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Pranidhi Sood
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abstract
Every eukaryotic RNA transcript undergoes extensive post-transcriptional processing from the moment of transcription up through degradation. This regulation is performed by a distinct cohort of RNA-binding proteins which recognize their target transcript by both its primary sequence and secondary structure. Here, we describe protein interaction profile sequencing (PIP-seq), a technique that uses ribonuclease-based footprinting followed by high-throughput sequencing to globally assess both protein-bound RNA sequences and RNA secondary structure. PIP-seq utilizes single- and double-stranded RNA-specific nucleases in the absence of proteins to infer RNA secondary structure. These libraries are also compared to samples that undergo nuclease digestion in the presence of proteins in order to find enriched protein-bound sequences. Combined, these four libraries provide a comprehensive, transcriptome-wide view of RNA secondary structure and RNA protein interaction sites from a single experimental technique. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn W Foley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yu X, Willmann MR, Anderson SJ, Gregory BD. Genome-Wide Mapping of Uncapped and Cleaved Transcripts Reveals a Role for the Nuclear mRNA Cap-Binding Complex in Cotranslational RNA Decay in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2016; 28:2385-2397. [PMID: 27758893 PMCID: PMC5134982 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
RNA turnover is necessary for controlling proper mRNA levels posttranscriptionally. In general, RNA degradation is via exoribonucleases that degrade RNA either from the 5' end to the 3' end, such as XRN4, or in the opposite direction by the multisubunit exosome complex. Here, we use genome-wide mapping of uncapped and cleaved transcripts to reveal the global landscape of cotranslational mRNA decay in the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome. We found that this process leaves a clear three nucleotide periodicity in open reading frames. This pattern of cotranslational degradation is especially evident near the ends of open reading frames, where we observe accumulation of cleavage events focused 16 to 17 nucleotides upstream of the stop codon because of ribosomal pausing during translation termination. Following treatment of Arabidopsis plants with the translation inhibitor cycloheximide, cleavage events accumulate 13 to 14 nucleotides upstream of the start codon where initiating ribosomes have been stalled with these sequences in their P site. Further analysis in xrn4 mutant plants indicates that cotranslational RNA decay is XRN4 dependent. Additionally, studies in plants lacking CAP BINDING PROTEIN80/ABA HYPERSENSITIVE1, the largest subunit of the nuclear mRNA cap binding complex, reveal a role for this protein in cotranslational decay. In total, our results demonstrate the global prevalence and features of cotranslational RNA decay in a plant transcriptome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Matthew R Willmann
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Stephen J Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|