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Clements J, Goina C, Hubbard PM, Kawase T, Olbris DJ, Otsuna H, Svirskas R, Rokicki K. NeuronBridge: an intuitive web application for neuronal morphology search across large data sets. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:114. [PMID: 38491365 PMCID: PMC10943809 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroscience research in Drosophila is benefiting from large-scale connectomics efforts using electron microscopy (EM) to reveal all the neurons in a brain and their connections. To exploit this knowledge base, researchers relate a connectome's structure to neuronal function, often by studying individual neuron cell types. Vast libraries of fly driver lines expressing fluorescent reporter genes in sets of neurons have been created and imaged using confocal light microscopy (LM), enabling the targeting of neurons for experimentation. However, creating a fly line for driving gene expression within a single neuron found in an EM connectome remains a challenge, as it typically requires identifying a pair of driver lines where only the neuron of interest is expressed in both. This task and other emerging scientific workflows require finding similar neurons across large data sets imaged using different modalities. RESULTS Here, we present NeuronBridge, a web application for easily and rapidly finding putative morphological matches between large data sets of neurons imaged using different modalities. We describe the functionality and construction of the NeuronBridge service, including its user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI), extensible data model, serverless cloud architecture, and massively parallel image search engine. CONCLUSIONS NeuronBridge fills a critical gap in the Drosophila research workflow and is used by hundreds of neuroscience researchers around the world. We offer our software code, open APIs, and processed data sets for integration and reuse, and provide the application as a service at http://neuronbridge.janelia.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Clements
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, USA
| | - Cristian Goina
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, USA
| | - Philip M Hubbard
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, USA
| | - Takashi Kawase
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, USA
| | - Donald J Olbris
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, USA
| | - Hideo Otsuna
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, USA
| | - Robert Svirskas
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, USA
| | - Konrad Rokicki
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, USA.
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2
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Hamid A, Gattuso H, Caglar AN, Pillai M, Steele T, Gonzalez A, Nagel K, Syed MH. The conserved RNA-binding protein Imp is required for the specification and function of olfactory navigation circuitry in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2024; 34:473-488.e6. [PMID: 38181792 PMCID: PMC10872534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Complex behaviors depend on the precise developmental specification of neuronal circuits, but the relationship between genetic programs for neural development, circuit structure, and behavioral output is often unclear. The central complex (CX) is a conserved sensory-motor integration center in insects, which governs many higher-order behaviors and largely derives from a small number of type II neural stem cells (NSCs). Here, we show that Imp, a conserved IGF-II mRNA-binding protein expressed in type II NSCs, plays a role in specifying essential components of CX olfactory navigation circuitry. We show the following: (1) that multiple components of olfactory navigation circuitry arise from type II NSCs. (2) Manipulating Imp expression in type II NSCs alters the number and morphology of many of these circuit elements, with the most potent effects on neurons targeting the ventral layers of the fan-shaped body (FB). (3) Imp regulates the specification of Tachykinin-expressing ventral FB input neurons. (4) Imp is required in type II NSCs for establishing proper morphology of the CX neuropil structures. (5) Loss of Imp in type II NSCs abolishes upwind orientation to attractive odor while leaving locomotion and odor-evoked regulation of movement intact. Taken together, our findings establish that a temporally expressed gene can regulate the expression of a complex behavior by developmentally regulating the specification of multiple circuit components and provides a first step toward a developmental dissection of the CX and its roles in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hamid
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hannah Gattuso
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aysu Nora Caglar
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Midhula Pillai
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Theresa Steele
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexa Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Katherine Nagel
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Mubarak Hussain Syed
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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3
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Wani AR, Chowdhury B, Luong J, Chaya GM, Patel K, Isaacman-Beck J, Shafer O, Kayser MS, Syed MH. Stem cell-specific ecdysone signaling regulates the development and function of a Drosophila sleep homeostat. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560022. [PMID: 37873323 PMCID: PMC10592846 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Complex behaviors arise from neural circuits that are assembled from diverse cell types. Sleep is a conserved and essential behavior, yet little is known regarding how the nervous system generates neuron types of the sleep-wake circuit. Here, we focus on the specification of Drosophila sleep-promoting neurons-long-field tangential input neurons that project to the dorsal layers of the fan-shaped body neuropil in the central complex (CX). We use lineage analysis and genetic birth dating to identify two bilateral Type II neural stem cells that generate these dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) neurons. We show that adult dFB neurons express Ecdysone-induced protein E93, and loss of Ecdysone signaling or E93 in Type II NSCs results in the misspecification of the adult dFB neurons. Finally, we show that E93 knockdown in Type II NSCs affects adult sleep behavior. Our results provide insight into how extrinsic hormonal signaling acts on NSCs to generate neuronal diversity required for adult sleep behavior. These findings suggest that some adult sleep disorders might derive from defects in stem cell-specific temporal neurodevelopmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil R Wani
- Neural Diversity Lab, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd Ne, 87131 Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Budhaditya Chowdhury
- The Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Jenny Luong
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gonzalo Morales Chaya
- Neural Diversity Lab, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd Ne, 87131 Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Krishna Patel
- Neural Diversity Lab, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd Ne, 87131 Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Orie Shafer
- The Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Matthew S. Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Chronobiology Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mubarak Hussain Syed
- Neural Diversity Lab, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd Ne, 87131 Albuquerque, NM, USA
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4
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Steele TJ, Lanz AJ, Nagel KI. Olfactory navigation in arthropods. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2023; 209:467-488. [PMID: 36658447 PMCID: PMC10354148 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Using odors to find food and mates is one of the most ancient and highly conserved behaviors. Arthropods from flies to moths to crabs use broadly similar strategies to navigate toward odor sources-such as integrating flow information with odor information, comparing odor concentration across sensors, and integrating odor information over time. Because arthropods share many homologous brain structures-antennal lobes for processing olfactory information, mechanosensors for processing flow, mushroom bodies (or hemi-ellipsoid bodies) for associative learning, and central complexes for navigation, it is likely that these closely related behaviors are mediated by conserved neural circuits. However, differences in the types of odors they seek, the physics of odor dispersal, and the physics of locomotion in water, air, and on substrates mean that these circuits must have adapted to generate a wide diversity of odor-seeking behaviors. In this review, we discuss common strategies and specializations observed in olfactory navigation behavior across arthropods, and review our current knowledge about the neural circuits subserving this behavior. We propose that a comparative study of arthropod nervous systems may provide insight into how a set of basic circuit structures has diversified to generate behavior adapted to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J Steele
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aaron J Lanz
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Katherine I Nagel
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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5
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Kasturacharya N, Dhall JK, Hasan G. A STIM dependent dopamine-neuropeptide axis maintains the larval drive to feed and grow in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010435. [PMID: 37363909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate nutritional intake is essential for organismal survival. In holometabolous insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, the quality and quantity of food ingested as larvae determines adult size and fecundity. Here we have identified a subset of dopaminergic neurons (THD') that maintain the larval motivation to feed. Dopamine release from these neurons requires the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM. Larvae with loss of STIM stop feeding and growing, whereas expression of STIM in THD' neurons rescues feeding, growth and viability of STIM null mutants to a significant extent. Moreover STIM is essential for maintaining excitability and release of dopamine from THD' neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of THD' neurons activated neuropeptidergic cells, including median neuro secretory cells that secrete insulin-like peptides. Loss of STIM in THD' cells alters the developmental profile of specific insulin-like peptides including ilp3. Loss of ilp3 partially rescues STIM null mutants and inappropriate expression of ilp3 in larvae affects development and growth. In summary we have identified a novel STIM-dependent function of dopamine neurons that modulates developmental changes in larval feeding behaviour and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandashree Kasturacharya
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, India
| | - Jasmine Kaur Dhall
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, India
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6
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Hamid A, Gattuso H, Caglar AN, Pillai M, Steele T, Gonzalez A, Nagel K, Syed MH. The RNA-binding protein, Imp specifies olfactory navigation circuitry and behavior in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542522. [PMID: 37398350 PMCID: PMC10312496 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Complex behaviors depend on the precise developmental specification of neuronal circuits, but the relationship between genetic prograssms for neural development, circuit structure, and behavioral output is often unclear. The central complex (CX) is a conserved sensory-motor integration center in insects that governs many higher order behaviors and largely derives from a small number of Type II neural stem cells. Here, we show that Imp, a conserved IGF-II mRNA-binding protein expressed in Type II neural stem cells, specifies components of CX olfactory navigation circuitry. We show: (1) that multiple components of olfactory navigation circuitry arise from Type II neural stem cells and manipulating Imp expression in Type II neural stem cells alters the number and morphology of many of these circuit elements, with the most potent effects on neurons targeting the ventral layers of the fan-shaped body. (2) Imp regulates the specification of Tachykinin expressing ventral fan-shaped body input neurons. (3) Imp in Type II neural stem cells alters the morphology of the CX neuropil structures. (4) Loss of Imp in Type II neural stem cells abolishes upwind orientation to attractive odor while leaving locomotion and odor-evoked regulation of movement intact. Taken together, our work establishes that a single temporally expressed gene can regulate the expression of a complex behavior through the developmental specification of multiple circuit components and provides a first step towards a developmental dissection of the CX and its roles in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hamid
- Department of Biology, 219 Yale Blvd NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hannah Gattuso
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aysu Nora Caglar
- Current address: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 915 Camino De Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87132, USA
| | - Midhula Pillai
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Theresa Steele
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexa Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, 219 Yale Blvd NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Katherine Nagel
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mubarak Hussain Syed
- Department of Biology, 219 Yale Blvd NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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7
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Jones JD, Holder BL, Eiken KR, Vogt A, Velarde AI, Elder AJ, McEllin JA, Dissel S. Regulation of sleep by cholinergic neurons located outside the central brain in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002012. [PMID: 36862736 PMCID: PMC10013921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a complex and plastic behavior regulated by multiple brain regions and influenced by numerous internal and external stimuli. Thus, to fully uncover the function(s) of sleep, cellular resolution of sleep-regulating neurons needs to be achieved. Doing so will help to unequivocally assign a role or function to a given neuron or group of neurons in sleep behavior. In the Drosophila brain, neurons projecting to the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) have emerged as a key sleep-regulating area. To dissect the contribution of individual dFB neurons to sleep, we undertook an intersectional Split-GAL4 genetic screen focusing on cells contained within the 23E10-GAL4 driver, the most widely used tool to manipulate dFB neurons. In this study, we demonstrate that 23E10-GAL4 expresses in neurons outside the dFB and in the fly equivalent of the spinal cord, the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Furthermore, we show that 2 VNC cholinergic neurons strongly contribute to the sleep-promoting capacity of the 23E10-GAL4 driver under baseline conditions. However, in contrast to other 23E10-GAL4 neurons, silencing these VNC cells does not block sleep homeostasis. Thus, our data demonstrate that the 23E10-GAL4 driver contains at least 2 different types of sleep-regulating neurons controlling distinct aspects of sleep behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Jones
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brandon L. Holder
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kiran R. Eiken
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alex Vogt
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Adriana I. Velarde
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alexandra J. Elder
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. McEllin
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephane Dissel
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Meissner GW, Nern A, Dorman Z, DePasquale GM, Forster K, Gibney T, Hausenfluck JH, He Y, Iyer NA, Jeter J, Johnson L, Johnston RM, Lee K, Melton B, Yarbrough B, Zugates CT, Clements J, Goina C, Otsuna H, Rokicki K, Svirskas RR, Aso Y, Card GM, Dickson BJ, Ehrhardt E, Goldammer J, Ito M, Kainmueller D, Korff W, Mais L, Minegishi R, Namiki S, Rubin GM, Sterne GR, Wolff T, Malkesman O. A searchable image resource of Drosophila GAL4 driver expression patterns with single neuron resolution. eLife 2023; 12:e80660. [PMID: 36820523 PMCID: PMC10030108 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise, repeatable genetic access to specific neurons via GAL4/UAS and related methods is a key advantage of Drosophila neuroscience. Neuronal targeting is typically documented using light microscopy of full GAL4 expression patterns, which generally lack the single-cell resolution required for reliable cell type identification. Here, we use stochastic GAL4 labeling with the MultiColor FlpOut approach to generate cellular resolution confocal images at large scale. We are releasing aligned images of 74,000 such adult central nervous systems. An anticipated use of this resource is to bridge the gap between neurons identified by electron or light microscopy. Identifying individual neurons that make up each GAL4 expression pattern improves the prediction of split-GAL4 combinations targeting particular neurons. To this end, we have made the images searchable on the NeuronBridge website. We demonstrate the potential of NeuronBridge to rapidly and effectively identify neuron matches based on morphology across imaging modalities and datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Meissner
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Aljoscha Nern
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Zachary Dorman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Gina M DePasquale
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Kaitlyn Forster
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Theresa Gibney
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | | | - Yisheng He
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Nirmala A Iyer
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Jennifer Jeter
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Lauren Johnson
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Rebecca M Johnston
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Kelley Lee
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Brian Melton
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Brianna Yarbrough
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | | | - Jody Clements
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Cristian Goina
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Hideo Otsuna
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Konrad Rokicki
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Robert R Svirskas
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Yoshinori Aso
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Gwyneth M Card
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Barry J Dickson
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Erica Ehrhardt
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Jens Goldammer
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Masayoshi Ito
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Dagmar Kainmueller
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Wyatt Korff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Lisa Mais
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Ryo Minegishi
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Shigehiro Namiki
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Gerald M Rubin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Gabriella R Sterne
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Tanya Wolff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Oz Malkesman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
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9
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Pardo-Garcia TR, Gu K, Woerner RKR, Dus M. Food memory circuits regulate eating and energy balance. Curr Biol 2023; 33:215-227.e3. [PMID: 36528025 PMCID: PMC9877168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, learning circuits play an essential role in energy balance by creating associations between sensory cues and the rewarding qualities of food. This process is altered by diet-induced obesity, but the causes and mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we exploited the relative simplicity and wealth of knowledge about the D. melanogaster reinforcement learning network, the mushroom body, in order to study the relationship between the dietary environment, dopamine-induced plasticity, and food associations. We show flies that are fed a high-sugar diet cannot make associations between sensory cues and the rewarding properties of sugar. This deficit was caused by diet exposure, not fat accumulation, and specifically by lower dopamine-induced plasticity onto mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) during learning. Importantly, food memories dynamically tune the output of MBONs during eating, which instead remains fixed in sugar-diet animals. Interestingly, manipulating the activity of MBONs influenced eating and fat mass, depending on the diet. Altogether, this work advances our fundamental understanding of the mechanisms, causes, and consequences of the dietary environment on reinforcement learning and ingestive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut R Pardo-Garcia
- The Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathleen Gu
- The Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Riley K R Woerner
- The Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Monica Dus
- The Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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10
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Munneke AS, Chakraborty TS, Porter SS, Gendron CM, Pletcher SD. The serotonin receptor 5-HT2A modulates lifespan and protein feeding in Drosophila melanogaster. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1068455. [PMID: 36531741 PMCID: PMC9751412 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1068455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The conserved neurotransmitter serotonin has been shown to be an important modulator of lifespan in specific nutritional contexts; however, it remained unclear how serotonin signaling influences lifespan under normal conditions. Here, we show that serotonin signaling through the 5-HT2A receptor influences lifespan, behavior, and physiology in Drosophila. Loss of the 5-HT2A receptor extends lifespan and induces a resistance to changes in dietary protein that are normally detrimental to lifespan. 5-HT2A -/- null mutant flies also display decreased protein feeding and protein content in the body. Therefore, serotonin signaling through receptor 5-HT2A is likely recruited to promote motivation for protein intake, and chronic reduction of protein-drive through loss of 5-HT2A signaling leads to a lower protein set-point adaptation, which influences physiology, decreases feeding, and increases lifespan. Our findings reveal insights into the mechanisms by which organisms physiologically adapt in response to perceived inability to satisfy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson S. Munneke
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tuhin S. Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Saige S. Porter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Christi M. Gendron
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Scott D. Pletcher
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Gertiatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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11
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Dissel S, Klose MK, van Swinderen B, Cao L, Ford M, Periandri EM, Jones JD, Li Z, Shaw PJ. Sleep-promoting neurons remodel their response properties to calibrate sleep drive with environmental demands. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001797. [PMID: 36173939 PMCID: PMC9521806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Falling asleep at the wrong time can place an individual at risk of immediate physical harm. However, not sleeping degrades cognition and adaptive behavior. To understand how animals match sleep need with environmental demands, we used live-brain imaging to examine the physiological response properties of the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) following interventions that modify sleep (sleep deprivation, starvation, time-restricted feeding, memory consolidation) in Drosophila. We report that dFB neurons change their physiological response-properties to dopamine (DA) and allatostatin-A (AstA) in response to different types of waking. That is, dFB neurons are not simply passive components of a hard-wired circuit. Rather, the dFB neurons intrinsically regulate their response to the activity from upstream circuits. Finally, we show that the dFB appears to contain a memory trace of prior exposure to metabolic challenges induced by starvation or time-restricted feeding. Together, these data highlight that the sleep homeostat is plastic and suggests an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Dissel
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SD); (PJS)
| | - Markus K. Klose
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Melanie Ford
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Erica M. Periandri
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Jones
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zhaoyi Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SD); (PJS)
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12
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Strilbytska O, Semaniuk U, Bubalo V, Storey KB, Lushchak O. Dietary Choice Reshapes Metabolism in Drosophila by Affecting Consumption of Macronutrients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091201. [PMID: 36139040 PMCID: PMC9496580 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise regulation of metabolism and feeding behavior is important for preventing the development of metabolic diseases. Here we examine the effects on Drosophila metabolism of dietary choice. These changes are predicted to be dependent on both the quantity and quality of the chosen diet. Using a geometric framework for both no-choice and two-choice conditions, we found that feeding decisions led to higher glucose and trehalose levels but lower triglycerides pools. The feeding regimens had similar strategies for macronutrient balancing, and both maximized hemolymph glucose and glycogen content under low protein intake. In addition, the flies showed significant differences in the way they regulated trehalose and triglyceride levels in response to carbohydrate and protein consumption between choice and no-choice nutrition. Under choice conditions, trehalose and triglyceride levels were maximized at the lowest protein and carbohydrate consumption. Thus, we suggest that these changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are caused by differences in the macronutrients consumed by flies. Food choice elicits rapid metabolic changes to maintain energy homeostasis. These results contribute to our understanding of how metabolism is regulated by the revealed nutrient variation in response to food decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka Street, 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Uliana Semaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka Street, 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Bubalo
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology and Mutagenesis, L.I. Medved’s Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety, MHU, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka Street, 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Street, 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
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13
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Matheson AMM, Lanz AJ, Medina AM, Licata AM, Currier TA, Syed MH, Nagel KI. A neural circuit for wind-guided olfactory navigation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4613. [PMID: 35941114 PMCID: PMC9360402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To navigate towards a food source, animals frequently combine odor cues about source identity with wind direction cues about source location. Where and how these two cues are integrated to support navigation is unclear. Here we describe a pathway to the Drosophila fan-shaped body that encodes attractive odor and promotes upwind navigation. We show that neurons throughout this pathway encode odor, but not wind direction. Using connectomics, we identify fan-shaped body local neurons called h∆C that receive input from this odor pathway and a previously described wind pathway. We show that h∆C neurons exhibit odor-gated, wind direction-tuned activity, that sparse activation of h∆C neurons promotes navigation in a reproducible direction, and that h∆C activity is required for persistent upwind orientation during odor. Based on connectome data, we develop a computational model showing how h∆C activity can promote navigation towards a goal such as an upwind odor source. Our results suggest that odor and wind cues are processed by separate pathways and integrated within the fan-shaped body to support goal-directed navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M M Matheson
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 600 Sherman Fairchild Center, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Aaron J Lanz
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ashley M Medina
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Al M Licata
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Timothy A Currier
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, NY, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, 299W. Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mubarak H Syed
- Department of Biology, 219 Yale Blvd NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Katherine I Nagel
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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14
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Shiu PK, Sterne GR, Engert S, Dickson BJ, Scott K. Taste quality and hunger interactions in a feeding sensorimotor circuit. eLife 2022; 11:e79887. [PMID: 35791902 PMCID: PMC9292995 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste detection and hunger state dynamically regulate the decision to initiate feeding. To study how context-appropriate feeding decisions are generated, we combined synaptic resolution circuit reconstruction with targeted genetic access to specific neurons to elucidate a gustatory sensorimotor circuit for feeding initiation in adult Drosophila melanogaster. This circuit connects gustatory sensory neurons to proboscis motor neurons through three intermediate layers. Most neurons in this pathway are necessary and sufficient for proboscis extension, a feeding initiation behavior, and respond selectively to sugar taste detection. Pathway activity is amplified by hunger signals that act at select second-order neurons to promote feeding initiation in food-deprived animals. In contrast, the feeding initiation circuit is inhibited by a bitter taste pathway that impinges on premotor neurons, illuminating a local motif that weighs sugar and bitter taste detection to adjust the behavioral outcomes. Together, these studies reveal central mechanisms for the integration of external taste detection and internal nutritive state to flexibly execute a critical feeding decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip K Shiu
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Gabriella R Sterne
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | | | - Barry J Dickson
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Kristin Scott
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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15
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Nässel DR, Zandawala M. Endocrine cybernetics: neuropeptides as molecular switches in behavioural decisions. Open Biol 2022; 12:220174. [PMID: 35892199 PMCID: PMC9326288 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from the changing environment and hence modulate activity in synaptic circuits of the brain. This context-dependent neuromodulation is largely based on non-synaptic signalling with neuropeptides. Here, we describe select peptidergic systems in the Drosophila brain that act at different levels of a hierarchy to modulate behaviour and associated physiology. These systems modulate circuits in brain regions, such as the central complex and the mushroom bodies, which supervise specific behaviours. At the top level of the hierarchy there are small numbers of large peptidergic neurons that arborize widely in multiple areas of the brain to orchestrate or modulate global activity in a state and context-dependent manner. At the bottom level local peptidergic neurons provide executive neuromodulation of sensory gain and intrinsically in restricted parts of specific neuronal circuits. The orchestrating neurons receive interoceptive signals that mediate energy and sleep homeostasis, metabolic state and circadian timing, as well as external cues that affect food search, aggression or mating. Some of these cues can be triggers of conflicting behaviours such as mating versus aggression, or sleep versus feeding, and peptidergic neurons participate in circuits, enabling behaviour choices and switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R. Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland Würzburg 97074, Germany
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16
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Aoki I, Jurado P, Nawa K, Kondo R, Yamashiro R, Matsuyama HJ, Ferrer I, Nakano S, Mori I. OLA-1, an Obg-like ATPase, integrates hunger with temperature information in sensory neurons in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010219. [PMID: 35675262 PMCID: PMC9176836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals detect changes in both their environment and their internal state and modify their behavior accordingly. Yet, it remains largely to be clarified how information of environment and internal state is integrated and how such integrated information modifies behavior. Well-fed C. elegans migrates to past cultivation temperature on a thermal gradient, which is disrupted when animals are starved. We recently reported that the neuronal activities synchronize between a thermosensory neuron AFD and an interneuron AIY, which is directly downstream of AFD, in well-fed animals, while this synchrony is disrupted in starved animals. However, it remained to be determined whether the disruption of the synchrony is derived from modulation of the transmitter release from AFD or from the modification of reception or signal transduction in AIY. By performing forward genetics on a transition of thermotaxis behavior along starvation, we revealed that OLA-1, an Obg-like ATPase, functions in AFD to promote disruption of AFD-AIY synchrony and behavioral transition. Our results suggest that the information of hunger is delivered to the AFD thermosensory neuron and gates transmitter release from AFD to disrupt thermotaxis, thereby shedding light onto a mechanism for the integration of environmental and internal state to modulate behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Aoki
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Paola Jurado
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Cancer Area, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kanji Nawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rumi Kondo
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Riku Yamashiro
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hironori J. Matsuyama
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Neuroscience Area, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shunji Nakano
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ikue Mori
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Kohatsu S, Tanabe N, Yamamoto D, Isono K. Which Sugar to Take and How Much to Take? Two Distinct Decisions Mediated by Separate Sensory Channels. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:895395. [PMID: 35726300 PMCID: PMC9206540 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.895395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) for sugar taste coexpress various combinations of gustatory receptor (Gr) genes and are found in multiple sites in the body. To determine whether diverse sugar GRNs expressing different combinations of Grs have distinct behavioral roles, we examined the effects on feeding behavior of genetic manipulations which promote or suppress functions of GRNs that express either or both of the sugar receptor genesGr5a (Gr5a+ GRNs) and Gr61a (Gr61a+ GRNs). Cell-population-specific overexpression of the wild-type form of Gr5a (Gr5a+) in the Gr5a mutant background revealed that Gr61a+ GRNs localized on the legs and internal mouthpart critically contribute to food choice but not to meal size decisions, while Gr5a+ GRNs, which are broadly expressed in many sugar-responsive cells across the body with an enrichment in the labella, are involved in both food choice and meal size decisions. The legs harbor two classes of Gr61a expressing GRNs, one with Gr5a expression (Gr5a+/Gr61a+ GRNs) and the other without Gr5aexpression (Gr5a−/Gr61a+ GRNs). We found that blocking the Gr5a+ class in the entire body reduced the preference for trehalose and blocking the Gr5a- class reduced the preference for fructose. These two subsets of GRNsare also different in their central projections: axons of tarsal Gr5a+/Gr61a+ GRNs terminate exclusively in the ventral nerve cord, while some axons of tarsal Gr5a−/Gr61a+ GRNs ascend through the cervical connectives to terminate in the subesophageal ganglion. We propose that tarsal Gr5a+/Gr61a+ GRNs and Gr5a−/Gr61a+ GRNs represent functionally distinct sensory pathways that function differently in food preference and meal-size decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soh Kohatsu
- Neuro-ICT Laboratory, Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
- *Correspondence: Soh Kohatsu Kunio Isono
| | - Noriko Tanabe
- Fukuoka Junior College for Kindergarten Teachers, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Neuro-ICT Laboratory, Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kunio Isono
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Soh Kohatsu Kunio Isono
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18
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Kaiser A, Hensgen R, Tschirner K, Beetz E, Wüstenberg H, Pfaff M, Mota T, Pfeiffer K. A three-dimensional atlas of the honeybee central complex, associated neuropils and peptidergic layers of the central body. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2416-2438. [PMID: 35593178 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The central complex (CX) in the brain of insects is a highly conserved group of midline-spanning neuropils consisting of the upper and lower division of the central body, the protocerebral bridge, and the paired noduli. These neuropils are the substrate for a number of behaviors, most prominently goal-oriented locomotion. Honeybees have been a model organism for sky-compass orientation for more than 70 years, but there is still very limited knowledge about the structure and function of their CX. To advance and facilitate research on this brain area, we created a high-resolution three-dimensional atlas of the honeybee's CX and associated neuropils, including the posterior optic tubercles, the bulbs, and the anterior optic tubercles. To this end, we developed a modified version of the iterative shape averaging technique, which allowed us to achieve high volumetric accuracy of the neuropil models. For a finer definition of spatial locations within the central body, we defined layers based on immunostaining against the neuropeptides locustatachykinin, FMRFamide, gastrin/cholecystokinin, and allatostatin and included them into the atlas by elastic registration. Our honeybee CX atlas provides a platform for future neuroanatomical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kaiser
- Department of Biology/Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ronja Hensgen
- Department of Biology/Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katja Tschirner
- Behavioural Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Beetz
- Behavioural Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Wüstenberg
- Department of Biology/Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Pfaff
- Behavioural Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theo Mota
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Keram Pfeiffer
- Department of Biology/Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Behavioural Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Context-dependent control of behavior in Drosophila. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 73:102523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Musso PY, Junca P, Gordon MD. A neural circuit linking two sugar sensors regulates satiety-dependent fructose drive in Drosophila. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj0186. [PMID: 34851668 PMCID: PMC8635442 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In flies, neuronal sensors detect prandial changes in circulating fructose levels and either sustain or terminate feeding, depending on internal state. Here, we describe a three-part neural circuit that imparts satiety-dependent modulation of fructose sensing. We show that dorsal fan-shaped body neurons display oscillatory calcium activity when hemolymph glucose is high and that these oscillations require glutamatergic input from SLP-AB or “Janus” neurons projecting from the protocerebrum to the asymmetric body. Suppression of activity in this circuit, either by starvation or by genetic silencing, promotes specific drive for fructose ingestion. This is achieved through neuropeptidergic signaling by tachykinin, which is released from the fan-shaped body when glycemia is high. Tachykinin, in turn, signals to Gr43a-positive fructose sensors to modulate their response to fructose. Together, our results demonstrate how a three-layer neural circuit links the detection of two sugars to produce precise satiety-dependent control of feeding behavior.
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21
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Van De Poll MN, van Swinderen B. Balancing Prediction and Surprise: A Role for Active Sleep at the Dawn of Consciousness? Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:768762. [PMID: 34803618 PMCID: PMC8602873 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.768762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is a prediction machine. Yet the world is never entirely predictable, for any animal. Unexpected events are surprising, and this typically evokes prediction error signatures in mammalian brains. In humans such mismatched expectations are often associated with an emotional response as well, and emotional dysregulation can lead to cognitive disorders such as depression or schizophrenia. Emotional responses are understood to be important for memory consolidation, suggesting that positive or negative 'valence' cues more generally constitute an ancient mechanism designed to potently refine and generalize internal models of the world and thereby minimize prediction errors. On the other hand, abolishing error detection and surprise entirely (as could happen by generalization or habituation) is probably maladaptive, as this might undermine the very mechanism that brains use to become better prediction machines. This paradoxical view of brain function as an ongoing balance between prediction and surprise suggests a compelling approach to study and understand the evolution of consciousness in animals. In particular, this view may provide insight into the function and evolution of 'active' sleep. Here, we propose that active sleep - when animals are behaviorally asleep but their brain seems awake - is widespread beyond mammals and birds, and may have evolved as a mechanism for optimizing predictive processing in motile creatures confronted with constantly changing environments. To explore our hypothesis, we progress from humans to invertebrates, investigating how a potential role for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in emotional regulation in humans could be re-examined as a conserved sleep function that co-evolved alongside selective attention to maintain an adaptive balance between prediction and surprise. This view of active sleep has some interesting implications for the evolution of subjective awareness and consciousness in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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