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Liu L, Chen F, Li S, Yang T, Chen S, Zhou Y, Lin Z, Zeng G, Feng P, Shu HB, Zhou Q, Ding K, Chen L. Human/mouse CD137 agonist, JNU-0921, effectively shrinks tumors through enhancing the cytotoxicity of CD8 + T cells in cis and in trans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp8647. [PMID: 39178257 PMCID: PMC11343023 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp8647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Agonistic antibodies against CD137 have been demonstrated to completely regress established tumors through activating T cell immunity. Unfortunately, current CD137 antibodies failed to benefit patients with cancer. Moreover, their antitumor mechanisms in vivo remain to be determined. Here, we report the development of a small molecular CD137 agonist, JNU-0921. JNU-0921 effectively activates both human and mouse CD137 through direct binding their extracellular domains to induce oligomerization and signaling and effectively shrinks tumors in vivo. Mechanistically, JNU-0921 enhances effector and memory function of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) and alleviates their exhaustion. JNU-0921 also skews polarization of helper T cells toward T helper 1 type and enhances their activity to boost CTL function. Meanwhile, JNU-0921 attenuates the inhibitory function of regulatory T cells on CTLs. Our current work shows that JNU-0921 shrinks tumors by enhancing the cytotoxicity of CTLs in cis and in trans and sheds light on strategy for developing CD137 small molecular agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shan Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of PR China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zejian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guandi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of PR China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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2
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Gu Y, Zhao Q. Clinical Progresses and Challenges of Bispecific Antibodies for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Mol Diagn Ther 2024:10.1007/s40291-024-00734-w. [PMID: 39172329 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy against tumors. BsAbs can recruit and activate immune cells, block multiple signaling pathways, and deliver therapeutic payloads directly to tumor sites. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the development and clinical application of BsAbs for the treatment of solid tumors. We discuss the different formats, the unique mechanisms of action, and the clinical outcomes of the most advanced BsAbs in solid tumor therapy. Several studies have also analyzed the clinical progress of bispecific antibodies. However, this review distinguishes itself by exploring the challenges associated with bispecific antibodies and proposing potential solutions. As the field progresses, BsAbs hold promise to redefine cancer treatment paradigms and offer new hope to patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Gu
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
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3
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Simões JLB, Braga GDC, Coiado JV, Scaramussa AB, Rodrigues APB, Bagatini MD. Takotsubo syndrome as an outcome of the use of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with COVID-19. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116388. [PMID: 38914315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Takotsubo Syndrome (TS) is a heart disease caused by extreme exposure of the body to physical or psychological stress. In the context of COVID-19, the virus can be a significant source of stress, with particular attention being paid to the cytokine storm as a cause of damage to the body. New research shows that the production of specific cytokines is linked to the activation of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 on T cells. Although initially beneficial in combating infections, it can suppress defense and aid in disease progression. Therefore, checkpoint inhibitor therapy has been highlighted beyond oncological therapies, given its effectiveness in strengthening the immune system. However, this treatment can lead to excessive immune responses, inflammation, and stress on the heart, which can cause Takotsubo Syndrome in patients. Several studies investigate the direct link between this therapy and cardiac injuries in these patients, which can trigger TS. From this perspective, we must delve deeper into this treatment and consider its effects on the prognosis against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João Victor Coiado
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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4
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Janusova S, Paprckova D, Michalik J, Uleri V, Drobek A, Salyova E, Chorfi L, Neuwirth A, Andreyeva A, Prochazka J, Sedlacek R, Draber P, Stepanek O. ABIN1 is a negative regulator of effector functions in cytotoxic T cells. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3456-3485. [PMID: 38877170 PMCID: PMC11315980 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are pivotal in the adaptive immune defense, necessitating a delicate balance between robust response against infections and self-tolerance. Their activation involves intricate cross-talk among signaling pathways triggered by the T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) and co-stimulatory or inhibitory receptors. The molecular regulation of these complex signaling networks is still incompletely understood. Here, we identify the adaptor protein ABIN1 as a component of the signaling complexes of GITR and OX40 co-stimulation receptors. T cells lacking ABIN1 are hyper-responsive ex vivo, exhibit enhanced responses to cognate infections, and superior ability to induce experimental autoimmune diabetes in mice. ABIN1 negatively regulates p38 kinase activation and late NF-κB target genes. P38 is at least partially responsible for the upregulation of the key effector proteins IFNG and GZMB in ABIN1-deficient T cells after TCR stimulation. Our findings reveal the intricate role of ABIN1 in T-cell regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, OX40/metabolism
- Receptors, OX40/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Janusova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Paprckova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Michalik
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valeria Uleri
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Drobek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Salyova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Louise Chorfi
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Neuwirth
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arina Andreyeva
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Draber
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, Division BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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5
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Li W, Xia C, Wang K, Xue L, Wang Y, Yang JY, Zhang M, Yin M, Ju C, Miao Z, Li Y, Zhao X, Yang Z, Tang R, Yang W. Technical considerations and strategies for generating and optimizing humanized mouse tumor models in immuno-oncology research. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112722. [PMID: 39033663 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The field of cancer immunotherapy has experienced significant progress, resulting in the emergence of numerous biological drug candidates requiring in vivo efficacy testing and a better understanding of their mechanism of action (MOA). Humanized immune system (HIS) models are valuable tools in this regard. However, there is a lack of systematic guidance on HIS modeling. To address this issue, the present study aimed to establish and optimize a variety of HIS models for immune-oncology (IO) study, including genetically engineered mouse models and HIS models with human immune components reconstituted in severely immunocompromised mice. The efficacy and utility of these models were tested with several marketed or investigational IO drugs according to their MOA, followed by immunophenotypic analysis and efficacy evaluation. The results of the present study demonstrated that the HIS models responded to various IO drugs as expected and that each model had unique niches, utilities and limitations. Researchers should carefully choose the appropriate models based on the MOA and the targeted immune cell populations of the investigational drug. The present study provides valuable methodologies and actionable technical guidance on designing, generating or utilizing appropriate HIS models to address specific questions in translational IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chunlei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liting Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | | | | | - Ming Yin
- Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Cunxiang Ju
- Gempharmatech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhenchuan Miao
- Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Gempharmatech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- ClinBridge Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Renhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - WenQing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China.
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6
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Taheri MM, Javan F, Poudineh M, Athari SS. CAR-NKT Cells in Asthma: Use of NKT as a Promising Cell for CAR Therapy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-08998-0. [PMID: 38995478 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
NKT cells, unique lymphocytes bridging innate and adaptive immunity, offer significant potential for managing inflammatory disorders like asthma. Activating iNKT induces increasing IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-2, and IL-10 potentially suppressing allergic asthma. However, their immunomodulatory effects, including granzyme-perforin-mediated cytotoxicity, and expression of TIM-3 and TRAIL warrant careful consideration and targeted approaches. Although CAR-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in treating certain cancers, its limitations necessitate exploring alternative approaches. In this context, CAR-NKT cells emerge as a promising approach for overcoming these challenges, potentially achieving safer and more effective immunotherapies. Strategies involve targeting distinct IgE-receptors and their interactions with CAR-NKT cells, potentially disrupting allergen-mast cell/basophil interactions and preventing inflammatory cytokine release. Additionally, targeting immune checkpoints like PDL-2, inducible ICOS, FASL, CTLA-4, and CD137 or dectin-1 for fungal asthma could further modulate immune responses. Furthermore, artificial intelligence and machine learning hold immense promise for revolutionizing NKT cell-based asthma therapy. AI can optimize CAR-NKT cell functionalities, design personalized treatment strategies, and unlock a future of precise and effective care. This review discusses various approaches to enhancing CAR-NKT cell efficacy and longevity, along with the challenges and opportunities they present in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Javan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Cancer Gene therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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7
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Ochi T, Konishi T, Takenaka K. Bispecific antibodies for multiple myeloma: past, present and future. Int J Hematol 2024; 120:23-33. [PMID: 38613724 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite the development of various therapeutic agents, multiple myeloma remains incurable. Recently, T-cell redirected immunotherapy has become a promising strategy for the treatment of refractory myeloma. Clinical trials using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and bispecific antibodies have demonstrated successful anti-myeloma responses in triple-class-refractory patients. However, unique and unwanted immune effects associated with on-target/off-target reactivity of activated immune cells need to be considered and properly managed. This review summarizes recent advances in bispecific antibodies for the treatment of refractory myeloma. It outlines the history of their development, along with a discussion of their mechanisms of action and their current and potential future role in myeloma therapy. As more evidence emerges to inform the timing of CAR-T-cell therapy, the results of clinical trials and off-the-shelf nature of bispecifics also suggest the timing of their treatment. These findings will promote further development and application of bispecifics for refractory myeloma in combination with other appropriate agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Ochi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
- Division of Immune Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Konishi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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8
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El-Sayed MM, Bianco JR, Li Y, Fabian Z. Tumor-Agnostic Therapy-The Final Step Forward in the Cure for Human Neoplasms? Cells 2024; 13:1071. [PMID: 38920700 PMCID: PMC11201516 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer accounted for 10 million deaths in 2020, nearly one in every six deaths annually. Despite advancements, the contemporary clinical management of human neoplasms faces a number of challenges. Surgical removal of tumor tissues is often not possible technically, while radiation and chemotherapy pose the risk of damaging healthy cells, tissues, and organs, presenting complex clinical challenges. These require a paradigm shift in developing new therapeutic modalities moving towards a more personalized and targeted approach. The tumor-agnostic philosophy, one of these new modalities, focuses on characteristic molecular signatures of transformed cells independently of their traditional histopathological classification. These include commonly occurring DNA aberrations in cancer cells, shared metabolic features of their homeostasis or immune evasion measures of the tumor tissues. The first dedicated, FDA-approved tumor-agnostic agent's profound progression-free survival of 78% in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer paved the way for the accelerated FDA approvals of novel tumor-agnostic therapeutic compounds. Here, we review the historical background, current status, and future perspectives of this new era of clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zsolt Fabian
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (M.M.E.-S.); (J.R.B.); (Y.L.)
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9
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Yin N, Li X, Zhang X, Xue S, Cao Y, Niedermann G, Lu Y, Xue J. Development of pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer therapeutics: current mechanistic studies and clinical opportunities. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:126. [PMID: 38773064 PMCID: PMC11109181 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy represented by anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment, but challenges related to resistance and toxicity still remain. Due to the advancement of immuno-oncology, an increasing number of novel immunoregulatory targets and mechanisms are being revealed, with relevant therapies promising to improve clinical immunotherapy in the foreseeable future. Therefore, comprehending the larger picture is important. In this review, we analyze and summarize the current landscape of preclinical and translational mechanistic research, drug development, and clinical trials that brought about next-generation pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer agents and drug candidates beyond classical immune checkpoint inhibitors. Along with further clarification of cancer immunobiology and advances in antibody engineering, agents targeting additional inhibitory immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD47, and B7 family members are becoming an important part of cancer immunotherapy research and discovery, as are structurally and functionally optimized novel anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 agents and agonists of co-stimulatory molecules of T cells. Exemplified by bispecific T cell engagers, newly emerging bi-specific and multi-specific antibodies targeting immunoregulatory molecules can provide considerable clinical benefits. Next-generation agents also include immune epigenetic drugs and cytokine-based therapeutics. Cell therapies, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses are not covered in this review. This comprehensive review might aid in further development and the fastest possible clinical adoption of effective immuno-oncology modalities for the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhao Yin
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xintong Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xuanwei Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shaolong Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
- Institute of Disaster Medicine & Institute of Emergency Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site DKTK-Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - You Lu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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10
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Yuwen H, Wang H, Li T, Ren Y, Zhang YK, Chen P, Sun A, Bian G, Li B, Flowers D, Presler M, Subramanian K, Xue J, Wang J, Lynch K, Mei J, He X, Shan B, Hou B. ATG-101 Is a Tetravalent PD-L1×4-1BB Bispecific Antibody That Stimulates Antitumor Immunity through PD-L1 Blockade and PD-L1-Directed 4-1BB Activation. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1680-1698. [PMID: 38501978 PMCID: PMC11094422 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have transformed cancer treatment. However, only a minority of patients achieve a profound response. Many patients are innately resistant while others acquire resistance to ICIs. Furthermore, hepatotoxicity and suboptimal efficacy have hampered the clinical development of agonists of 4-1BB, a promising immune-stimulating target. To effectively target 4-1BB and treat diseases resistant to ICIs, we engineered ATG-101, a tetravalent "2+2″ PD-L1×4-1BB bispecific antibody. ATG-101 bound PD-L1 and 4-1BB concurrently, with a greater affinity for PD-L1, and potently activated 4-1BB+ T cells when cross-linked with PD-L1-positive cells. ATG-101 activated exhausted T cells upon PD-L1 binding, indicating a possible role in reversing T-cell dysfunction. ATG-101 displayed potent antitumor activity in numerous in vivo tumor models, including those resistant or refractory to ICIs. ATG-101 greatly increased the proliferation of CD8+ T cells, the infiltration of effector memory T cells, and the ratio of CD8+ T/regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), rendering an immunologically "cold" tumor "hot." Comprehensive characterization of the TME after ATG-101 treatment using single-cell RNA sequencing further revealed an altered immune landscape that reflected increased antitumor immunity. ATG-101 was well tolerated and did not induce hepatotoxicity in non-human primates. According to computational semimechanistic pharmacology modeling, 4-1BB/ATG-101/PD-L1 trimer formation and PD-L1 receptor occupancy were both maximized at around 2 mg/kg of ATG-101, providing guidance regarding the optimal biological dose for clinical trials. In summary, by localizing to PD-L1-rich microenvironments and activating 4-1BB+ immune cells in a PD-L1 cross-linking-dependent manner, ATG-101 safely inhibits growth of ICI resistant and refractory tumors. SIGNIFICANCE The tetravalent PD-L1×4-1BB bispecific antibody ATG-101 activates 4-1BB+ T cells in a PD-L1 cross-linking-dependent manner, minimizing the hepatotoxicity of existing 4-1BB agonists and suppressing growth of ICI-resistant tumors. See related commentary by Ha et al., p. 1546.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuwen
- Shanghai Antengene Corporation Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huajing Wang
- Oricell Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tengteng Li
- Shanghai Antengene Corporation Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yijing Ren
- Shanghai Antengene Corporation Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Peng Chen
- Shanghai Antengene Corporation Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- Shanghai Antengene Corporation Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Gang Bian
- Shanghai Antengene Corporation Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bohua Li
- Oricell Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | - Jia Xue
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Taicang, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Jay Mei
- Antengene Corporation Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen He
- Oricell Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bo Shan
- Antengene Corporation Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hou
- Antengene Corporation Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, P.R. China
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11
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Ha J, Grippin AJ, Kim BYS, Jiang W. Striking the Balance with a PD-L1×4-1BB Bispecific Antibody. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1546-1547. [PMID: 38745496 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-based immune checkpoint blockade therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy, yet its efficacy remains limited in immunologically cold tumors. Combining checkpoint inhibitors with costimulatory agonists improves tumoricidal activity of T cells but also can lead to off-target hepatotoxicity. Although bispecific antibodies confer tumor selectivity to alleviate undesirable adverse effects, toxicity concerns persist with increased dosing. In this issue of Cancer Research, Yuwen and colleagues introduce ATG-101, a tetravalent PD-L1×4-1BB bispecific antibody with high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) affinity and low 4-1BB affinity, aiming to mitigate hepatotoxicity. ATG-101 demonstrates PD-L1-dependent 4-1BB activation, leading to selective T-cell activation within the tumor microenvironment. ATG-101 exhibits potent antitumor activity, even in large, immunologically cold, and monotherapy-resistant tumor models. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals significant shifts of immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment from protumor to antitumor phenotypes following ATG-101 treatment. In cynomolgus monkeys, no serious cytokine storm and hepatotoxicity are observed after ATG-101 treatment, indicating a broad therapeutic window for ATG-101 in cancer treatment. This study highlights the potential of tetravalent bispecific antibodies in cancer immunotherapy, with implications for various antibody-based treatment modalities across different fields. See related article by Yuwen et al., p. 1680.
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Affiliation(s)
- JongHoon Ha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adam J Grippin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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12
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Wen X, Pu L, Wencheng Z, Tengfei M, Guangshun W. Immune cell-related prognostic risk model and tumor immune environment modulation in esophageal carcinoma based on single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:1176-1186. [PMID: 38587029 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells play a pivotal role in the tumor microenvironment, exerting significant influence on tumor progression and patient outcomes, but the current biomarkers are insufficient to fully capture the complex and diverse tumor immune microenvironment and the impact of immunotherapy. METHODS The advent of single-cell sequencing allows us to explore the tumor microenvironment at an unprecedented resolution, enabling the identification and characterization of distinct subsets of immune cells, thereby paving the way for the development of prognostic models using immune cells. Leveraging single-cell data, our study deeply investigated the intricacies of immune microenvironment heterogeneity in esophageal carcinoma. RESULTS We elucidated the composition, functionality, evolution, and intercellular communication patterns of immune cells, culminating in the construction of an independent prognostic model at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of disparities in immune infiltration and immune checkpoint expression between patients categorized into high- and low-risk groups, which may impact patient prognosis. CONCLUSION In summary, our study harnessed multiomics data to delineate the immune profile of esophageal carcinoma patients, provide a method for leveraging molecular signatures of immune cells to identify potential biomarkers, while concurrently providing evidence for the potential benefits of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wen
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Wencheng
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ma Tengfei
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wang Guangshun
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Barboy O, Bercovich A, Li H, Eyal-Lubling Y, Yalin A, Shapir Itai Y, Abadie K, Zada M, David E, Shlomi-Loubaton S, Katzenelenbogen Y, Jaitin DA, Gur C, Yofe I, Feferman T, Cohen M, Dahan R, Newell EW, Lifshitz A, Tanay A, Amit I. Modeling T cell temporal response to cancer immunotherapy rationalizes development of combinatorial treatment protocols. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:742-759. [PMID: 38429414 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Successful immunotherapy relies on triggering complex responses involving T cell dynamics in tumors and the periphery. Characterizing these responses remains challenging using static human single-cell atlases or mouse models. To address this, we developed a framework for in vivo tracking of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells over time and at single-cell resolution. Our tools facilitate the modeling of gene program dynamics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the tumor-draining lymph node (tdLN). Using this approach, we characterize two modes of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) activity, decoupling induced differentiation of tumor-specific activated precursor cells from conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1)-dependent proliferation and recruitment to the TME. We demonstrate that combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-4-1BB agonist enhances the recruitment and proliferation of activated precursors, resulting in tumor control. These data suggest that effective response to anti-PD-1 therapy is dependent on sufficient influx of activated precursor CD8+ cells to the TME and highlight the importance of understanding system-level dynamics in optimizing immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Barboy
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Akhiad Bercovich
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hanjie Li
- Department of Synthetic Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaniv Eyal-Lubling
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Yalin
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuval Shapir Itai
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kathleen Abadie
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mor Zada
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Shlomi-Loubaton
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Diego Adhemar Jaitin
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chamutal Gur
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido Yofe
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Feferman
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rony Dahan
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Evan W Newell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aviezer Lifshitz
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amos Tanay
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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14
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Rubio-Pérez L, Frago S, Compte M, Navarro R, Harwood SL, Lázaro-Gorines R, Gómez-Rosel M, Hangiu O, Silva-Pilipich N, Vanrell L, Smerdou C, Álvarez-Vallina L. Characterization of a Trispecific PD-L1 Blocking Antibody That Exhibits EGFR-Conditional 4-1BB Agonist Activity. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:34. [PMID: 38804302 PMCID: PMC11130918 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has changed the treatment paradigm for advanced solid tumors, but the overall response rates are still limited. The combination of checkpoint blockade with anti-4-1BB antibodies to stimulate tumor-infiltrating T cells has shown anti-tumor activity in human trials. However, the further clinical development of these antibodies has been hampered by significant off-tumor toxicities. Here, we generated an anti-4-1BB/EGFR/PD-L1 trispecific antibody consisting of a triple-targeting tandem trimerbody (TT) fused to an engineered silent Fc region. This antibody (IgTT-4E1-S) was designed to combine the blockade of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis with conditional 4-1BB costimulation specifically confined to the tumor microenvironment (TME). The antibody demonstrated simultaneous binding to purified EGFR, PD-L1, and 4-1BB in solution, effective blockade of the PD-L1/PD1 interaction, and potent 4-1BB-mediated costimulation, but only in the presence of EGFR-expressing cells. These results demonstrate the feasibility of IgTT-4E1-S specifically blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 axis and inducing EGFR-conditional 4-1BB agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rubio-Pérez
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chair for Immunology UFV/Merck, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Frago
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (M.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (M.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Rocío Navarro
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (M.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Seandean L. Harwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Rodrigo Lázaro-Gorines
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Gómez-Rosel
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oana Hangiu
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (M.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Noelia Silva-Pilipich
- Division of DNA and RNA Medicine, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.S.-P.); (C.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and CCUN, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucía Vanrell
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay;
- Nanogrow Biotech, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of DNA and RNA Medicine, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.S.-P.); (C.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and CCUN, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chair for Immunology UFV/Merck, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Baudouin R, Hans S, Lisan Q, Morin B, Adimi Y, Martin J, Lechien JR, Tartour E, Badoual C. Prognostic Significance of the Microenvironment in Human Papillomavirus Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1507-1516. [PMID: 37642393 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immune microenvironment of HPV-associated (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) (HPV+OPSCCs) differs from that of HPV-independent oropharyngeal cancers (HPV-independent OPSCCs). The literature on the subject is very abundant, demanding an organized synthesis of this wealth of information to evaluate the hypothesis associating the favorable prognosis of HPV+OPSCC patients with a different immune microenvironment. A systematic review of the literature was conducted regarding the microenvironment of HPV+OPSCCs. DATA SOURCE MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. REVIEW METHODS A literature search was performed following PRISMA guidelines (Moher D. PLoS Med. 2009). The PEO (Population, Exposure, and Outcome) framework is detailed as follows: P: patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, E: human papillomavirus (HPV), and O: histological and immunological composition of the tumoral microenvironment (TME). No meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS From 1,202 studies that were screened, 58 studies were included (n = 6,474 patients; n = 3,581 (55%) HPV+OPSCCs and n = 2,861(45%) HPV-independent OPSCCs). The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), CD3+ in 1,733 patients, CD4+ in 520 patients, and CD8+ (cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)) in 3,104 patients, and high levels of PD-L1 expression in 1,222 patients is strongly correlated with an improved clinical outcome in HPV+OPSCCs. CONCLUSION This systematic review provides the most comprehensive information on the immune microenvironment of HPV+OPSCCs to date. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression are associated with a favorable prognosis. B, CD8+ and resident memory cells densities are higher in HPV+OPSCCs. The importance of myeloid lineages is still a matter of debate and research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:1507-1516, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baudouin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - S Hans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Q Lisan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - B Morin
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Y Adimi
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - J Martin
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - J R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - E Tartour
- Department of Biological Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - C Badoual
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
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16
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Klein C, Brinkmann U, Reichert JM, Kontermann RE. The present and future of bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:301-319. [PMID: 38448606 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) enable novel mechanisms of action and/or therapeutic applications that cannot be achieved using conventional IgG-based antibodies. Consequently, development of these molecules has garnered substantial interest in the past decade and, as of the end of 2023, 14 bsAbs have been approved: 11 for the treatment of cancer and 3 for non-oncology indications. bsAbs are available in different formats, address different targets and mediate anticancer function via different molecular mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in the field of bsAbs for cancer therapy. We focus on bsAbs that are approved or in clinical development, including bsAb-mediated dual modulators of signalling pathways, tumour-targeted receptor agonists, bsAb-drug conjugates, bispecific T cell, natural killer cell and innate immune cell engagers, and bispecific checkpoint inhibitors and co-stimulators. Finally, we provide an outlook into next-generation bsAbs in earlier stages of development, including trispecifics, bsAb prodrugs, bsAbs that induce degradation of tumour targets and bsAbs acting as cytokine mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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17
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Li T, Niu M, Zhou J, Wu K, Yi M. The enhanced antitumor activity of bispecific antibody targeting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:179. [PMID: 38475778 PMCID: PMC10935874 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway, a key player in immune checkpoint regulation, has become a focal point in cancer immunotherapy. In the context of cancer, upregulated PD-L1 on tumor cells can result in T cell exhaustion and immune evasion, fostering tumor progression. The advent of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor has demonstrated clinical success by unleashing T cells from exhaustion. Nevertheless, challenges such as resistance and adverse effects have spurred the exploration of innovative strategies, with bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) emerging as a promising frontier. BsAbs offer a multifaceted approach to cancer immunotherapy by simultaneously targeting PD-L1 and other immune regulatory molecules. We focus on recent advancements in PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with a particular emphasis on the development and potential of BsAbs, especially in the context of solid tumors. Various BsAb products targeting PD-1 signaling are discussed, highlighting their unique mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Noteworthy examples include anti-TGFβ × PD-L1, anti-CD47 × PD-L1, anti-VEGF × PD-L1, anti-4-1BB × PD-L1, anti-LAG-3 × PD-L1, and anti-PD-1 × CTLA-4 BsAbs. Besides, we summarize ongoing clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of these innovative BsAb agents. By unraveling the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment and harnessing the synergistic effects of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 BsAbs, there exists the potential to elevate the precision and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, ultimately enabling the development of personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual patient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Kiem D, Ocker M, Greil R, Neureiter D, Melchardt T. Enhancing anti-CD274 (PD-L1) targeting through combinatorial immunotherapy with bispecific antibodies and fusion proteins: from preclinical to phase II clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:229-242. [PMID: 38354028 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2319317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved great success in the treatment of many different types of cancer. Programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274) is a major immunosuppressive immune checkpoint and a target for several already approved monoclonal antibodies. Despite this, novel strategies are under development, as the overall response remains low. AREAS COVERED In this review, an overview of the current biomarkers for response to PD-L1 inhibitor treatment is given, followed by a discussion of potential novel biomarkers, including tumor mutational burden and circulating tumor DNA. Combinatorial immunotherapy is a potential novel strategy to increase the response to PD-L1 inhibitor treatment and currently, several interesting bispecific antibodies as well as bispecific fusion proteins are undergoing early clinical investigation. We focus on substances targeting PD-L1 and a secondary target, and a secondary immunomodulatory target like CTLA-4, TIGIT, or CD47. EXPERT OPINION Overall, the presented studies show anti-tumor activity of these combinatorial immunotherapeutic approaches. However, still relatively low response rates suggest a need for better biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kiem
- III Medical Department, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Ocker
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Campus, Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- EO Translational Insights Consulting GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Tacalyx GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Greil
- III Medical Department, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Melchardt
- III Medical Department, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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19
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Baudouin R, Tartour E, Badoual C, Hans S. Hypothesis of a CD137/Eomes activating axis for effector T cells in HPV oropharyngeal cancers. Mol Med 2024; 30:26. [PMID: 38355394 PMCID: PMC10868089 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is supplanting alcohol and tobacco intoxications as the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancer in developed countries. HPV-related squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (HPV + OSC) present better survival and respond better to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Regulatory T cells (TREG) are mainly described as immunosuppressive and protumoral in most solid cancers. However, TREG are paradoxically associated with a better prognosis in HPV + OSCs. The transcription factor FoxP3 is the basis for the identification of TREG. Among CD4 + FoxP3 + T cells, some have effector functions. A medical hypothesis is formulated here: the existence of a CD137 (4.1BB)-Eomesodermin (Eomes) activated pathway downstream of TCR-specific activation in a subpopulation of CD4 + FoxP3 + T cells may explain this effector function. Evidence suggest that this axis may exist either in CD4 + FoxP3 + T cells or CD8 + T cells. This pathway could lead T cells to strong antitumor cytotoxic activity in a tumor-specific manner. Furthermore, CD137 is one of the most expected targets for the development of agonist immunotherapies. The identification of CD137 + Eomes + FoxP3+/- T cells could be a key element in the selective activation of the most anti-tumor cells in the HPV + OSC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Baudouin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92 150, Suresnes, France.
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en- Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), 2 Av. de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny- le-Bretonneux, 78 180, France.
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Cite, INSERM, PARCC, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'anatomopathologie, 20, Rue Leblanc, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Stéphane Hans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92 150, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en- Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), 2 Av. de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny- le-Bretonneux, 78 180, France
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Raskova Kafkova L, Mierzwicka JM, Chakraborty P, Jakubec P, Fischer O, Skarda J, Maly P, Raska M. NSCLC: from tumorigenesis, immune checkpoint misuse to current and future targeted therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342086. [PMID: 38384472 PMCID: PMC10879685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is largely promoted by a multistep tumorigenesis process involving various genetic and epigenetic alterations, which essentially contribute to the high incidence of mortality among patients with NSCLC. Clinical observations revealed that NSCLC also co-opts a multifaceted immune checkpoint dysregulation as an important driving factor in NSCLC progression and development. For example, a deregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been noticed in 50-70% of NSCLC cases, primarily modulated by mutations in key oncogenes such as ALK, EGFR, KRAS, and others. Additionally, genetic association studies containing patient-specific factors and local reimbursement criteria expose/reveal mutations in EGFR/ALK/ROS/BRAF/KRAS/PD-L1 proteins to determine the suitability of available immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Thus, the expression of such checkpoints on tumors and immune cells is pivotal in understanding the therapeutic efficacy and has been extensively studied for NSCLC treatments. Therefore, this review summarizes current knowledge in NSCLC tumorigenesis, focusing on its genetic and epigenetic intricacies, immune checkpoint dysregulation, and the evolving landscape of targeted therapies. In the context of current and future therapies, we emphasize the significance of antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 interactions as the primary therapeutic strategy for immune system reactivation in NSCLC. Other approaches involving the promising potential of nanobodies, probodies, affibodies, and DARPINs targeting immune checkpoints are also described; these are under active research or clinical trials to mediate immune regulation and reduce cancer progression. This comprehensive review underscores the multifaceted nature, current state and future directions of NSCLC research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Raskova Kafkova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Joanna M. Mierzwicka
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Prosenjit Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Fischer
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Skarda
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Petr Maly
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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21
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Singh R, Kim YH, Lee SJ, Eom HS, Choi BK. 4-1BB immunotherapy: advances and hurdles. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:32-39. [PMID: 38172595 PMCID: PMC10834507 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its initial description 35 years ago as an inducible molecule expressed in cytotoxic and helper T cells, 4-1BB has emerged as a crucial receptor in T-cell-mediated immune functions. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of 4-1BB in infection and tumor immunity. However, the clinical development of 4-1BB agonist antibodies has been impeded by the occurrence of strong adverse events, notably hepatotoxicity, even though these antibodies have exhibited tremendous promise in in vivo tumor models. Efforts are currently underway to develop a new generation of agonist antibodies and recombinant proteins with modified effector functions that can harness the potent T-cell modulation properties of 4-1BB while mitigating adverse effects. In this review, we briefly examine the role of 4-1BB in T-cell biology, explore its clinical applications, and discuss future prospects in the field of 4-1BB agonist immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics Technology Branch, Division of Technology Convergence, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seok Eom
- Hematological Malignancy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom K Choi
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.
- Innobationbio, Co., Ltd., Mapo-gu, Seoul, 03929, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Pophali P, Varela JC, Rosenblatt J. Immune checkpoint blockade in hematological malignancies: current state and future potential. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1323914. [PMID: 38322418 PMCID: PMC10844552 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1323914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells are known to evade immune surveillance by engaging immune checkpoints which are negative regulators of the immune system. By restoring the T-lymphocyte mediated anti-tumor effect, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of solid tumors but have met rather modest success in hematological malignancies. Currently, the only FDA approved indications for ICI therapy are in classic hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma. Multiple clinical trials have assessed ICI therapy alone and in combination with standard of care treatments in other lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasms and myeloid neoplasms but were noted to have limited efficacy. These trials mostly focused on PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. Recently, there has been an effort to target other T-lymphocyte checkpoints like LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT along with improving strategies of PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 inhibition. Drugs targeting the macrophage checkpoint, CD47, are also being tested. Long term safety and efficacy data from these ongoing studies are eagerly awaited. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the key takeaways from the reported results of completed and ongoing studies of these therapies in the context of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Pophali
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Varela
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Orlando Health Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Wu H, Fu Z, Li H, Fang F, He B, Ye Y, Wu H, Xu D, Zheng H, Zhang Q. TRIB3, as a robust prognostic biomarker for HNSC, is associated with poor immune infiltration and cancer cell immune evasion. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1290839. [PMID: 38235126 PMCID: PMC10791810 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective As a pseudokinase, Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is implicated in a wide array of biological processes, including cell signal transduction, metabolic regulation, stress responses, and immune regulation. While its significant role in the immune regulation of certain cancers is well-established, the specific functions and impact of TRIB3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remain unclear. Methods The data of RNA-sequence was acquired from the TCGA database to analyze the expression patterns of TRIB3 and elucidate its prognostic value in HNSC patients. Furthermore, the correlation between TRIB3 and tumor mutation burden, clinical data, immune checkpoint genes, and immune cell infiltration was explored. Moreover, the TRIB3 location in tumor tissues and subcellular structures was identified via Tisch in the HPA database, and the potential protein interaction molecules for TRIB3 were elucidated in the STRING database. The potential TRIB3 gene function was assessed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), whereas the TRIB3 expression levels in clinical HNSC samples were verified by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. the role of TRIB3 in enhancing the malignant behavior of HNSC cells was validated in vitro through a series of methods including RT-qPCR, CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Results It was revealed that TRIB3 was significantly overexpressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HNSC. Furthermore, this overexpression markedly enhanced the migration ability of tumor cells. As an independent prognostic factor, TRIB3 was associated with advanced tumor T stage and was significantly involved with tumor mutation burden and immune cell infiltration in HNSC. Moreover, it was observed that TRIB3 was not a predicted factor for PD1/PDL1 and ATL4 inhibitor treatment; however, it was substantially correlated with various immune evasion-related genes in HNSC. Conclusion TRIB3 could serve as a potential prognostic marker for HNSC and might be a key gene mediating HNSC immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feifei Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yujie Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Heyong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haoran Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical college, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Carvalho LAD, Aguiar FC, Smalley KSM, Possik PA. Acral melanoma: new insights into the immune and genomic landscape. Neoplasia 2023; 46:100947. [PMID: 37913653 PMCID: PMC10637990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Acral melanoma is a rare subtype of melanoma that arises on the non-hair bearing skin of the nail bed, palms of the hand and soles of the feet. It is unique among melanomas in not being linked to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure from the sun, and, as such, its incidence is similar across populations who are of Asian, Hispanic, African and European origin. Although research into acral melanoma has lagged behind that of sun-exposed cutaneous melanoma, recent studies have begun to address the unique genetics and immune features of acral melanoma. In this review we will discuss the latest progress in understanding the biology of acral melanoma across different ethnic populations and will outline how these new discoveries can help to guide the therapeutic management of this rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia C Aguiar
- Division of Basic and Experimental Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612 USA.
| | - Patricia A Possik
- Division of Basic and Experimental Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
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25
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Tavarozzi R, Zacchi G, Pietrasanta D, Catania G, Castellino A, Monaco F, Gandolfo C, Rivela P, Sofia A, Schiena N, Bertassello C, Limberti G, Zallio F, Zanni M, Ladetto M. Changing Trends in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment: The Role of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5397. [PMID: 38001657 PMCID: PMC10670523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently witnessing a dramatic shift in our approach to the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). In the evolving clinical landscape, novel treatments for this clinically heterogeneous disease span a wide range of interventions, encompassing targeted agents, cell therapy approaches, and novel monoclonal antibodies (NMABs). Among these, the latter are likely to exert the most profound impact due to their distinctive high efficacy and versatile applicability. NMABs represent a heterogeneous group of agents, including naked antibodies, immunotoxins, and T-cell-engaging molecules. In recent times, several NMABs have either gained regulatory approval or are on the verge of introduction into clinical practice, addressing multiple therapeutic indications and treatment regimens. Their anticipated impact is expected to be broad, initially in the context of relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease and subsequently extending to early treatment lines. The scope of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological characteristics, clinical properties, efficacy, and toxicity profiles of NMABs that have recently been introduced or are nearing integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Tavarozzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Giulia Zacchi
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Daniela Pietrasanta
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Gioacchino Catania
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Alessia Castellino
- Department of Hematology, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Federico Monaco
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Carolina Gandolfo
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Paolo Rivela
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Antonella Sofia
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Noemi Schiena
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Claudia Bertassello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Giulia Limberti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Francesco Zallio
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Manuela Zanni
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Marco Ladetto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.G.); (N.S.)
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Shen X, Zhang R, Nie X, Yang Y, Hua Y, Lü P. 4-1BB Targeting Immunotherapy: Mechanism, Antibodies, and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:431-444. [PMID: 37433196 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137, TNFRSF9) is a type I transmembrane protein which binds its natural ligand, 4-1BBL. This interaction has been exploited to improve cancer immunotherapy. With ligand binding by 4-1BB, the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway is activated, which results in transcription of corresponding genes such as interleukin-2 and interferon-γ, as well as the induction of T cell proliferation and antiapoptotic signals. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies that target-4-1BB, for example, Urelumab and Utomilumab, are widely used in the treatments of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and other solid tumors. Furthermore, 4-1BB as a costimulatory domain, for chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, improves T cell proliferation and survival as well as reduces T cell exhaustion. As such, a deeper understanding of 4-1BB will contribute to improvements in cancer immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current 4-1BB studies, with a focus on the use of targeting-4-1BB antibodies and 4-1BB activation domains in CAR-T cells for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rusong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Nie
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ye Hua
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lü
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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27
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Salek-Ardakani S, Zajonc DM, Croft M. Agonism of 4-1BB for immune therapy: a perspective on possibilities and complications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228486. [PMID: 37662949 PMCID: PMC10469789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Costimulatory receptors on immune cells represent attractive targets for immunotherapy given that these molecules can increase the frequency of individual protective immune cell populations and their longevity, as well as enhance various effector functions. 4-1BB, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, also known as CD137 and TNFRSF9, is one such molecule that is inducible on several cell types, including T cells and NK cells. Preclinical studies in animal models have validated the notion that stimulating 4-1BB with agonist reagents or its natural ligand could be useful to augment conventional T cell and NK cell immunity to protect against tumor growth and against viral infection. Additionally, stimulating 4-1BB can enhance regulatory T cell function and might be useful in the right context for suppressing autoimmunity. Two human agonist antibodies to 4-1BB have been produced and tested in clinical trials for cancer, with variable results, leading to the production of a wealth of second-generation antibody constructs, including bi- and multi-specifics, with the hope of optimizing activity and selectivity. Here, we review the progress to date in agonism of 4-1BB, discuss the complications in targeting the immune system appropriately to elicit the desired activity, together with challenges in engineering agonists, and highlight the untapped potential of manipulating this molecule in infectious disease and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk M. Zajonc
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California (UC) San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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28
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Gu L, Hu G, Hu J, Wen F. Construction and comprehensive analysis of a novel prognostic signature associated with immunogenic cell death molecular subtypes in patients with bladder cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18848. [PMID: 37593621 PMCID: PMC10428052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD) triggers adaptive immune responses that aid in anticancer therapy. However, the significance of ICD-associated genes (ICDAGs) in clinical applications and their potential impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. Methods The TCGA cohort was divided into different ICD clusters using the method of Consensus clustering. We assessed the clinical results and TME features of various ICD clusters. GSVA quantified the activation of hallmark gene sets. To establish an ICD molecular subtypes-related prognostic model (ICDRPM), we performed LASSO Cox regression analysis on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among ICD subtypes. We evaluated the assessment of risk groups by analyzing the proportion of immune cells, the TME, differences in genomic mutation, the efficacy of immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity. To enhance the clinical effectiveness of the ICDRPM, a nomograph was developed. Results Two distinct molecular subtypes were identified, and changes in ICDRGs were associated with clinical outcomes and TME characteristics of patients. A total of 1162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from two ICD clusters, and an ICDRPS was then developed to predict overall survival (OS). During both internal and external validation, patients classified as high-risk exhibited significantly poorer overall survival compared to those classified as low-risk. Additionally, the ICDRPS (ICD_score) was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for patients with BC, demonstrating excellent predictive performance. Afterward, we constructed a dependable nomogram to improve the practicality of the ICD_score. Furthermore, low-risk individuals showed stronger immunocyte infiltration, higher immune checkpoint expression, and higher IPS-PD-1 combined IPS-CTLA4 scores, indicating a greater response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Moreover, individuals categorized as having low or high risk exhibited contrasting sensitivity to anticancer medications. Conclusions The model constructed for genes related to ICD provided meaningful clinical implications for immunotherapy, and facilitated individualized treatment for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of Pathology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Thyroid Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Huangshi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Pathology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
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Pichler AC, Carrié N, Cuisinier M, Ghazali S, Voisin A, Axisa PP, Tosolini M, Mazzotti C, Golec DP, Maheo S, do Souto L, Ekren R, Blanquart E, Lemaitre L, Feliu V, Joubert MV, Cannons JL, Guillerey C, Avet-Loiseau H, Watts TH, Salomon BL, Joffre O, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Schwartzberg PL, Lucca LE, Martinet L. TCR-independent CD137 (4-1BB) signaling promotes CD8 +-exhausted T cell proliferation and terminal differentiation. Immunity 2023; 56:1631-1648.e10. [PMID: 37392737 PMCID: PMC10649891 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB)-activating receptor represents a promising cancer immunotherapeutic target. Yet, the cellular program driven by CD137 and its role in cancer immune surveillance remain unresolved. Using T cell-specific deletion and agonist antibodies, we found that CD137 modulates tumor infiltration of CD8+-exhausted T (Tex) cells expressing PD1, Lag-3, and Tim-3 inhibitory receptors. T cell-intrinsic, TCR-independent CD137 signaling stimulated the proliferation and the terminal differentiation of Tex precursor cells through a mechanism involving the RelA and cRel canonical NF-κB subunits and Tox-dependent chromatin remodeling. While Tex cell accumulation induced by prophylactic CD137 agonists favored tumor growth, anti-PD1 efficacy was improved with subsequent CD137 stimulation in pre-clinical mouse models. Better understanding of T cell exhaustion has crucial implications for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Our results identify CD137 as a critical regulator of Tex cell expansion and differentiation that holds potential for broad therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Pichler
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nadège Carrié
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Cuisinier
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Samira Ghazali
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Allison Voisin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Labex DEVweCAN, INSERM, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Axisa
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Mazzotti
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Maheo
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura do Souto
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Rüçhan Ekren
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Blanquart
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Lea Lemaitre
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Feliu
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Véronique Joubert
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jennifer L Cannons
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camille Guillerey
- Cancer Immunotherapies Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hervé Avet-Loiseau
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Benoit L Salomon
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Joffre
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Labex DEVweCAN, INSERM, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liliana E Lucca
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | - Ludovic Martinet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Silva-Pilipich N, Covo-Vergara Á, Vanrell L, Smerdou C. Checkpoint blockade meets gene therapy: Opportunities to improve response and reduce toxicity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 379:43-86. [PMID: 37541727 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) based on monoclonal antibodies represent a breakthrough for the treatment of cancer. However, their efficacy varies among tumor types and patients, and they can lead to adverse effects due to on-target/off-tumor activity, since they are administered systemically at high doses. An alternative and attractive approach for the delivery of ICIs is the use of gene therapy vectors able to express them in vivo. This review focuses on the most recent studies using viral vectors able to express ICIs locally or systemically in preclinical models of cancer. These vectors include non-replicating viruses, oncolytic viruses able to propagate specifically in tumor cells and destroy them, and self-amplifying RNA vectors, armed with different formats of antibodies against immune checkpoints. Non-replicating vectors usually lead to long-term ICI expression, potentially eliminating the need for repeated administration. Vectors with replication capacity, although they have a shorter window of expression, can induce inflammation which enhances the antitumor effect. Finally, these engineered vectors can be used in combination with other immunostimulatory molecules or with CAR-T cells, further boosting the antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Silva-Pilipich
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), and CCUN, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ángela Covo-Vergara
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), and CCUN, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucía Vanrell
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay; Nanogrow Biotech, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), and CCUN, Pamplona, Spain.
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Liu G, Luo P. Targeting CD137 (4-1BB) towards improved safety and efficacy for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208788. [PMID: 37334375 PMCID: PMC10272836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in antitumor immunity, where T cell activation is regulated by both inhibitory and costimulatory receptor signaling that fine-tune T cell activity during different stages of T cell immune responses. Currently, cancer immunotherapy by targeting inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/L1, and their combination by antagonist antibodies, has been well established. However, developing agonist antibodies that target costimulatory receptors such as CD28 and CD137/4-1BB has faced considerable challenges, including highly publicized adverse events. Intracellular costimulatory domains of CD28 and/or CD137/4-1BB are essential for the clinical benefits of FDA-approved chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies. The major challenge is how to decouple efficacy from toxicity by systemic immune activation. This review focuses on anti-CD137 agonist monoclonal antibodies with different IgG isotypes in clinical development. It discusses CD137 biology in the context of anti-CD137 agonist drug discovery, including the binding epitope selected for anti-CD137 agonist antibody in competition or not with CD137 ligand (CD137L), the IgG isotype of antibodies selected with an impact on crosslinking by Fc gamma receptors, and the conditional activation of anti-CD137 antibodies for safe and potent engagement with CD137 in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We discuss and compare the potential mechanisms/effects of different CD137 targeting strategies and agents under development and how rational combinations could enhance antitumor activities without amplifying the toxicity of these agonist antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhong Liu
- Adagene Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
- Adagene (Suzhou) Limited., Suzhou, China
| | - Peter Luo
- Adagene Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
- Adagene (Suzhou) Limited., Suzhou, China
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. Reinstating immunogenicity using bispecific anti-checkpoint/agent inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114621. [PMID: 37004328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance demands for acquisition of novel strategies in order to broaden the therapeutic repertoire of advanced cancers. Bispecific antibodies can be utilized as an emerging therapeutic paradigm and a step forward in cancer immunotherapy. Synchronous inhibition of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), or with other agents can expand antibody selectivity and improve therapeutic window through tightening cell-to-cell bridge (a process called immunological synapse) within tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). There is evidence of higher potency of this co-targeting approach over combined single-agent monoclonal antibodies in reinvigorating anti-tumor immune responses, retarding tumor growth, and improving patient survival. In fact, immunological synapses formed by interactions of such bispecific agents with TIME cells directly mediate cytotoxicity against tumor cells, and durable anti-tumor immune responses are predictable after application of such agents. Besides, lower adverse events are reported for bispecific antibodies compared with individual checkpoint inhibitors. These are all indicative of the importance of exploiting novel bispecific approach as a replacement for conventional combo checkpoint inhibitor therapy particularly for tumors with immunosuppressive or cold immunity. Study in this area is still continued, and in the future more will be known about the importance of this bispecific approach in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Cheng LS, Zhu M, Gao Y, Liu WT, Yin W, Zhou P, Zhu Z, Niu L, Zeng X, Zhang D, Fang Q, Wang F, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Shen G. An Fc-muted bispecific antibody targeting PD-L1 and 4-1BB induces antitumor immune activity in colorectal cancer without systemic toxicity. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:47. [PMID: 37259060 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy narrows the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Although 4-1BB is a promising drug target as a costimulatory molecule of immune cells, no 4-1BB agonist has been given clinical approval because of severe liver toxicity or limited efficacy. Therefore, a safe and efficient immunostimulatory molecule is urgently needed for cancer immunotherapy. METHODS HK010 was generated by antibody engineering, and the Fab/antigen complex structure was analyzed using crystallography. The affinity and activity of HK010 were detected by multiple in vitro bioassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), flow cytometry, and luciferase-reporter assays. Humanized mice bearing human PD-L1-expressing MC38 (MC38/hPDL1) or CT26 (CT26/hPDL1) tumor transplants were established to assess the in vivo antitumor activity of HK010. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicity of HK010 were evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys. RESULTS HK010 was generated as an Fc-muted immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 PD-L1x4-1BB bispecific antibody (BsAb) with a distinguished Fab/antigen complex structure, and maintained a high affinity for human PD-L1 (KD: 2.27 nM) and low affinity for human 4-1BB (KD: 493 nM) to achieve potent PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and appropriate 4-1BB agonism. HK010 exhibited synergistic antitumor activity by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and stimulating the 4-1BB signaling pathway simultaneously, and being strictly dependent on the PD-L1 receptor in vitro and in vivo. In particular, when the dose was decreased to 0.3 mg/kg, HK010 still showed a strong antitumor effect in a humanized mouse model bearing MC38/hPDL1 tumors. Strikingly, HK010 treatment enhanced antitumor immunity and induced durable antigen-specific immune memory to prevent rechallenged tumor growth by recruiting CD8+ T cells and other lymphocytes into tumor tissue and activating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Moreover, HK010 not only did not induce nonspecific production of proinflammatory cytokines but was also observed to be well tolerated in cynomolgus monkeys in 5 week repeated-dose (5, 15, or 50 mg/kg) and single-dose (75 or 150 mg/kg) toxicity studies. CONCLUSION We generated an Fc-muted anti-PD-L1x4-1BB BsAb, HK010, with a distinguished structural interaction with PD-L1 and 4-1BB that exhibits a synergistic antitumor effect by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and stimulating the 4-1BB signaling pathway simultaneously. It is strictly dependent on the PD-L1 receptor with no systemic toxicity, which may offer a new option for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Pharmaceutical, Biomedicine Technology Innovation Center of Hefei, Anhui Anke Biotechnology (Group) Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Wu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Liwen Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Dayan Zhang
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Fengrong Wang
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Guodong Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Huang PL, Kan HT, Hsu CH, Hsieh HT, Cheng WC, Huang RY, You JJ. A bispecific antibody AP203 targeting PD-L1 and CD137 exerts potent antitumor activity without toxicity. J Transl Med 2023; 21:346. [PMID: 37226226 PMCID: PMC10210478 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bispecific antibody has garnered considerable attention in the recent years due to its impressive preliminary efficacy in hematological malignancies. For solid tumors, however, the main hindrance is the suppressive tumor microenvironment, which effectively impedes the activation of infiltrating T cells. Herein, we designed a bispecific antibody AP203 with high binding affinity to PD-L1 and CD137 and assessed its safety and anti-tumor efficacy, as well as explored the mechanism of action. METHODS The optimal antibody binders against PD-L1 and CD137 were screened from the OmniMab phagemid library. The binding affinity of the constructed AP203 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biolayer interferometry (BLI). T-cell stimulatory capacity was assessed using the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), antigen-specific recall response, and coculture with PD-L1-expressing cells. In vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated using two models of tumor-xenografted humanized mice with profiling of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The possible toxicity of AP203 was examined using in vitro cytokine release assay by human PBMCs. RESULTS AP203, which simultaneously targeted PD-L1 and costimulatory CD137, elicit superior agonistic effects over parental antibodies alone or in combination in terms of T cell activation, enhanced memory recall responses, and overcoming Treg-mediated immunosuppression (P < 0.05). The agonistic activity of AP203 was further demonstrated PD-L1-dependent by coculturing T cells with PD-L1-expressing cells. In vivo animal studies using immunodeficient or immunocompetent mice both showed a dose-related antitumor efficacy superior to parental antibodies in combination (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, AP203 significantly increased tumor infiltrating CD8 + T cells, while decreased CD4 + T cells, as well as Treg cells (P < 0.05), resulting in a dose-dependent increase in the CD8 + /CD4 + ratio. Moreover, either soluble or immobilized AP203 did not induce the production of inflammatory cytokines by human PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS AP203 exerts potent antitumor activity not only by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory signaling, but also by activating CD137 costimulatory signaling in effector T cells that consequently counteracts Treg-mediated immunosuppression. Based on promising preclinical results, AP203 should be a suitable candidate for clinical treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Huang
- AP Biosciences, Inc., 17F., No. 3, Yuanqu St., Nangang Dist., Taipei, 115603, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Tsai Kan
- AP Biosciences, Inc., 17F., No. 3, Yuanqu St., Nangang Dist., Taipei, 115603, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Hsu
- AP Biosciences, Inc., 17F., No. 3, Yuanqu St., Nangang Dist., Taipei, 115603, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ta Hsieh
- AP Biosciences, Inc., 17F., No. 3, Yuanqu St., Nangang Dist., Taipei, 115603, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yeong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Jhe You
- AP Biosciences, Inc., 17F., No. 3, Yuanqu St., Nangang Dist., Taipei, 115603, Taiwan.
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Rajbhandary S, Dhakal H, Shrestha S. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to enhance antitumor immunity. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:169. [PMID: 37179365 PMCID: PMC10182604 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a result of dynamic interaction between different cellular and non-cellular components. In its essence it is not a solo performer, but an ensemble of performers that includes cancer cells, fibroblasts, myo-fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells. The short review highlights important immune infiltrates within the tumor microenvironment that shape cytotoxic t lymphocyte (CTL)-rich immune hot and CTL-deficient immune cold tumors and novel strategies that have potential role in enhancing our immune responses in both immune hot and immune cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajin Rajbhandary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Satdobato-Godawari Road, Lalitpur, Nepal.
| | - Hari Dhakal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sudip Shrestha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Satdobato-Godawari Road, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Mortaezaee K, Majidpoor J. Mechanisms of CD8 + T cell exclusion and dysfunction in cancer resistance to anti-PD-(L)1. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114824. [PMID: 37141735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the front-line defensive cells against cancer. Reduced infiltration and effector function of CD8+ T cells occurs in cancer and is contributed to defective immunity and immunotherapy resistance. Exclusion and exhaustion of CD8+ T cells are the two key factors associated with reduced durability of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Initially activated T cells upon exposure to chronic antigen stimulation or immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) acquire a hyporesponsive state that progressively lose their effector function. Thus, a key strategy in cancer immunotherapy is to look for factors contributed to defective CD8+ T cell infiltration and function. Targeting such factors can define a promising supplementary approach in patients receiving anti-programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1)/anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy. Recently, bispecific antibodies are developed against PD-(L)1 and a dominant factor within TME, representing higher safety profile and exerting more desired outcomes. The focus of this review is to discuss about promoters of deficient infiltration and effector function of CD8+ T cells and their addressing in cancer ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortaezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Cao Y, Li Y, Liu R, Zhou J, Wang K. Preclinical and Basic Research Strategies for Overcoming Resistance to Targeted Therapies in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092568. [PMID: 37174034 PMCID: PMC10177527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is associated with a poor prognosis and HER2 gene is overexpressed in approximately 15-30% of breast cancers. In HER2-positive breast cancer patients, HER2-targeted therapies improved clinical outcomes and survival rates. However, drug resistance to anti-HER2 drugs is almost unavoidable, leaving some patients with an unmet need for better prognoses. Therefore, exploring strategies to delay or revert drug resistance is urgent. In recent years, new targets and regimens have emerged continuously. This review discusses the fundamental mechanisms of drug resistance in the targeted therapies of HER2-positive breast cancer and summarizes recent research progress in this field, including preclinical and basic research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yunjin Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Kuansong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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38
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Zheng X, Chen X, Wu W. The Regulatory Axis of PD-L1 Isoform 2/TNF/T Cell Proliferation Is Required for the Canonical Immune-Suppressive Effects of PD-L1 Isoform 1 in Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076314. [PMID: 37047287 PMCID: PMC10094247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-studied effects of the full-length membrane-locating isoform Iso1 of Programmed Cell Death Protein-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) on immunosuppression, little is known about another membrane-locating isoform, Iso2. While expressional and survival analysis of liver cancer patients indicated that Iso2 plays a tumor-suppressive role, our results also indicated that the tumor-promoting and immune-suppressive effects of Iso1 depended on the positive expression of Iso2. Through mediation analysis, we discovered several downstream genes or pathways of Iso2 and investigated their effects on the Iso1-regulating survival. Among all potential downstream immune factors, Iso2 was inclined to activate the proliferation of T cells by regulating chemokine activity and increasing CD3 levels by promoting TNF expression. Similar results were confirmed in the Mongolian liver cancer cohort, and the Iso2/TNF/T-cell axis was verified in several other cancers in the TCGA cohort. Finally, we demonstrated the promoting effects of Iso2 in terms of producing TNF and increasing T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings illustrate that PD-L1 Iso2 can increase the number of T cells in the tumor microenvironment by elevating TNF levels, which is a necessary part of the tumor-suppressive effects of Iso1 in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Fudan University, Taizhou 225316, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Weicheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Rugao Joint Research Institute of Longevity and Aging, Fudan University, Rugao 226599, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (W.W.)
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39
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Melero I, Sanmamed MF, Glez-Vaz J, Luri-Rey C, Wang J, Chen L. CD137 (4-1BB)-Based Cancer Immunotherapy on Its 25th Anniversary. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:552-569. [PMID: 36576322 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, we reported that agonist anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies eradicated transplanted mouse tumors because of enhanced CD8+ T-cell antitumor immunity. Mouse models indicated that anti-CD137 agonist antibodies synergized with various other therapies. In the clinic, the agonist antibody urelumab showed evidence for single-agent activity against melanoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma but caused severe liver inflammation in a fraction of the patients. CD137's signaling domain is included in approved chimeric antigen receptors conferring persistence and efficacy. A new wave of CD137 agonists targeting tumors, mainly based on bispecific constructs, are in early-phase trials and are showing promising safety and clinical activity. SIGNIFICANCE CD137 (4-1BB) is a costimulatory receptor of T and natural killer lymphocytes whose activity can be exploited in cancer immunotherapy strategies as discovered 25 years ago. Following initial attempts that met unacceptable toxicity, new waves of constructs acting agonistically on CD137 are being developed in patients, offering signs of clinical and pharmacodynamic activity with tolerable safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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40
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Peng X, Gong C, Zhang W, Zhou A. Advanced development of biomarkers for immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1091088. [PMID: 36727075 PMCID: PMC9885011 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1091088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Mono-immunotherapy and combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) inhibitors have become new standard therapies in advanced HCC (aHCC). However, the clinical benefit of these treatments is still limited. Thus, proper biomarkers which can predict treatment response to immunotherapy to maximize clinical benefit while sparing unnecessary toxicity are urgently needed. Contrary to other malignancies, up until now, no acknowledged biomarkers are available to predict resistance or response to immunotherapy for HCC patients. Furthermore, biomarkers, which are established in other cancer types, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB), have no stable predictive effect in HCC. Thus, plenty of research focusing on biomarkers for HCC is under exploration. In this review, we summarize the predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as the potential predictive mechanism in order to guide future research direction for biomarker exploration and clinical treatment options in HCC.
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41
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Nelson MH, Fritzell S, Miller R, Werchau D, Van Citters D, Nilsson A, Misher L, Ljung L, Bader R, Deronic A, Chunyk AG, Schultz L, Varas LA, Rose N, Håkansson M, Gross J, Furebring C, Pavlik P, Sundstedt A, Veitonmäki N, Ramos HJ, Säll A, Dahlman A, Bienvenue D, von Schantz L, McMahan CJ, Askmyr M, Hernandez-Hoyos G, Ellmark P. The Bispecific Tumor Antigen-Conditional 4-1BB x 5T4 Agonist, ALG.APV-527, Mediates Strong T-Cell Activation and Potent Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Studies. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:89-101. [PMID: 36343381 PMCID: PMC9808321 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137) is an activation-induced costimulatory receptor that regulates immune responses of activated CD8 T and natural killer cells, by enhancing proliferation, survival, cytolytic activity, and IFNγ production. The ability to induce potent antitumor activity by stimulating 4-1BB on tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells makes 4-1BB an attractive target for designing novel immuno-oncology therapeutics. To minimize systemic immune toxicities and enhance activity at the tumor site, we have developed a novel bispecific antibody that stimulates 4-1BB function when co-engaged with the tumor-associated antigen 5T4. ALG.APV-527 was built on the basis of the ADAPTIR bispecific platform with optimized binding domains to 4-1BB and 5T4 originating from the ALLIGATOR-GOLD human single-chain variable fragment library. The epitope of ALG.APV-527 was determined to be located at domain 1 and 2 on 4-1BB using X-ray crystallography. As shown in reporter and primary cell assays in vitro, ALG.APV-527 triggers dose-dependent 4-1BB activity mediated only by 5T4 crosslinking. In vivo, ALG.APV-527 demonstrates robust antitumor responses, by inhibiting growth of established tumors expressing human 5T4 followed by a long-lasting memory immune response. ALG.APV-527 has an antibody-like half-life in cynomolgus macaques and was well tolerated at 50.5 mg/kg. ALG.APV-527 is uniquely designed for 5T4-conditional 4-1BB-mediated antitumor activity with potential to minimize systemic immune activation and hepatotoxicity while providing efficacious tumor-specific responses in a range of 5T4-expressing tumor indications as shown by robust activity in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. On the basis of the combined preclinical dataset, ALG.APV-527 has potential as a promising anticancer therapeutic for the treatment of 5T4-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jane Gross
- Aptevo Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Säll
- Alligator Bioscience AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Ellmark
- Alligator Bioscience AB, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: Peter Ellmark, Alligator Bioscience, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden. Phone: 467-9721-2739; E-mail:
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42
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Cable J, Saphire EO, Hayday AC, Wiltshire TD, Mousa JJ, Humphreys DP, Breij ECW, Bruhns P, Broketa M, Furuya G, Hauser BM, Mahévas M, Carfi A, Cantaert T, Kwong PD, Tripathi P, Davis JH, Brewis N, Keyt BA, Fennemann FL, Dussupt V, Sivasubramanian A, Kim PM, Rawi R, Richardson E, Leventhal D, Wolters RM, Geuijen CAW, Sleeman MA, Pengo N, Donnellan FR. Antibodies as drugs-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:153-166. [PMID: 36382536 PMCID: PMC10103175 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have broad indications across diverse disease states, such as oncology, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. New research continues to identify antibodies with therapeutic potential as well as methods to improve upon endogenous antibodies and to design antibodies de novo. On April 27-30, 2022, experts in antibody research across academia and industry met for the Keystone symposium "Antibodies as Drugs" to present the state-of-the-art in antibody therapeutics, repertoires and deep learning, bispecific antibodies, and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cancer Immunotherapy Accelerator, London, UK.,Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Jarrod J Mousa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Esther C W Breij
- Translational Research and Precision Medicine, Genmab BV, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Broketa
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Genta Furuya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Blake M Hauser
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthieu Mahévas
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence des Cytopénies Auto-immunes de l'adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Andrea Carfi
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce A Keyt
- IGM Biosciences, Inc., Mountainview, California, USA
| | | | - Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Philip M Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eve Richardson
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rachael M Wolters
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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43
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Claus C, Ferrara-Koller C, Klein C. The emerging landscape of novel 4-1BB (CD137) agonistic drugs for cancer immunotherapy. MAbs 2023; 15:2167189. [PMID: 36727218 PMCID: PMC9897756 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2167189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical development of 4-1BB agonists for cancer immunotherapy has raised substantial interest during the past decade. The first generation of 4-1BB agonistic antibodies entering the clinic, urelumab (BMS-663513) and utomilumab (PF-05082566), failed due to (liver) toxicity or lack of efficacy, respectively. The two antibodies display differences in the affinity and the 4-1BB receptor epitope recognition, as well as the isotype, which determines the Fc-gamma-receptor (FcγR) crosslinking activity. Based on this experience a very diverse landscape of second-generation 4-1BB agonists addressing the liabilities of first-generation agonists has recently been developed, with many entering clinical Phase 1 and 2 studies. This review provides an overview focusing on differences and their scientific rationale, as well as challenges foreseen during the clinical development of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Claus
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ferrara-Koller
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
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44
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Li J, Xu X. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Combination Therapy for Colorectal Cancer: An Overview. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1527-1540. [PMID: 37131870 PMCID: PMC10149070 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s408349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diseases in the world. Tumor immunotherapy is an innovative cancer treatment that acts by activating the human body's autoimmune system. Immune checkpoint block has been shown to be effective in DNA deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high CRC. However, the therapeutic effect for proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stability patients still requires further study and optimization. At present, the main CRC strategy is to combine other therapeutic methods, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiotherapy. Here, we review the current status and the latest progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of CRC. At the same time, we consider therapeutic opportunities for transforming cold to hot, as well as perspectives on possible future therapies, which may be in great demand for drug-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xuanfu Xu, Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-021-25066666, Email
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45
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Rouzbahani E, Majidpoor J, Najafi S, Mortezaee K. Cancer stem cells in immunoregulation and bypassing anti-checkpoint therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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46
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Yang Y, Cui H, Li D, Gao Y, Chen L, Zhou C, Feng M, Tu W, Li S, Chen X, Hao B, Li L, Cao Y. Prognosis and Immunological Characteristics of PGK1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5228. [PMID: 36358653 PMCID: PMC9653683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Aerobic glycolysis plays a key role in tumor metabolic reprogramming to reshape the immune microenvironment. The phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) gene codes a glycolytic enzyme that converts 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. However, in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the role of PGK1 in altering the tumor microenvironment (TME) has not yet been determined. Methods: Raw data, including bulk DNA and mRNA-seq data, methylation modification data, single-cell RNA-seq data, proteomics data, clinical case characteristics survival, immunotherapy data, and so on, were obtained from multiple independent public data sets. These data were reanalyzed to uncover the prognosis and immunological characteristics of PGK1 in LUAD. Results: We found that PGK1 mRNA and protein were considerably over-expressed in LUAD compared to normal tissue and that high PGK1 expression is associated with poorer prognostic outcomes in LUAD. The enrichment analysis of PGK1 co-expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma revealed that PGK1 may be involved in hypoxia, metabolism, DNA synthesis, cell cycle, PI3K/AKT, and various immune and inflammatory signaling pathways. Furthermore, PGK1 is also linked to the recruitment of numerous immune cells, including aDC (dendritic cells), macrophages, and neutrophils. More importantly, PGK1 was highly expressed in immunosuppressive cells, including M2 macrophages, Tregs, and exhausted T cells, among others. Finally, higher PGK1 expression indicated significant correlations to immune checkpoints, TMB (tumor mutation burden), and high response to immunotherapy. Conclusions: The presented findings imply that PGK1, as a glycolysis core gene, may be important for the modification of the immune microenvironment by interacting with the tumor metabolism. The results of this study provide clues for a potential immunometabolic combination therapy strategy in LUAD, for which more experimental and clinical translational research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huanhuan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Deheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changshuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingtao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjing Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liangdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiqun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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47
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Zhang W, Gong C, Peng X, Bi X, Sun Y, Zhou J, Wu F, Zeng H, Wang Y, Zhou H, Zhao H, Cai J, Zhou A. Serum Concentration of CD137 and Tumor Infiltration by M1 Macrophages Predict the Response to Sintilimab plus Bevacizumab Biosimilar in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3499-3508. [PMID: 35275208 PMCID: PMC9662860 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the biomarkers of sintilimab (anti-PD-1) plus IBI305 (a bevacizumab biosimilar) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as their safety and efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 50 patients with advanced HCC received sintilimab (200 mg) plus IBI305 (7.5 or 15 mg/kg), treated every 3 weeks in a phase Ib clinical study. We performed baseline serum cytokine analysis using bead-based multiplex immunoassay and multiplex immunofluorescence on tissue specimens to discover novel biomarkers of response to VEGF/PD-1 combination therapy in HCC. RESULTS The overall response rate was 34.0% (17/50). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and the median overall survival were 10.5 and 20.2 months, respectively. The incidence of grade 3 to 5 adverse events was lower in the 7.5 mg/kg (13.8%) than in the 15 mg/kg (28.6%) dose groups. Biomarker analysis showed that the serum CD137 concentration was significantly higher in patients with clinical benefit (CB) than in those without CB (median, 32.8 pg/mL vs. 19.8 pg/mL, P = 0.034). A markedly longer PFS was observed in patients with high CD137 concentrations compared with those with low concentrations (median, 14.2 months vs. 4.1 months, P = 0.001). The higher density of M1 macrophages (CD68+CD163-) in the stroma was also associated with higher efficacy (P = 0.033) and a longer PFS (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Sintilimab plus IBI305 was well tolerated and was effective therapy for advanced HCC. Both serum concentrations of CD137 and tumor infiltration of M1 macrophages may serve as potential predictive biomarkers. See related commentary by Cappuyns and Llovet, p. 3405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caifeng Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuenan Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Zeng
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Innovent Biologics, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Innovent Biologics, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Corresponding Authors: Aiping Zhou, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. E-mail: ; Jianqiang Cai, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. E-mail: ; and Hong Zhao, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. E-mail:
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Corresponding Authors: Aiping Zhou, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. E-mail: ; Jianqiang Cai, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. E-mail: ; and Hong Zhao, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. E-mail:
| | - Aiping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Corresponding Authors: Aiping Zhou, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. E-mail: ; Jianqiang Cai, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. E-mail: ; and Hong Zhao, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. E-mail:
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Glycan targeting nanoparticle for photodynamic immunotherapy of melanoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1903-1918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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He Z, Xin Z, Yang Q, Wang C, Li M, Rao W, Du Z, Bai J, Guo Z, Ruan X, Zhang Z, Fang X, Zhao H. Mapping the single-cell landscape of acral melanoma and analysis of the molecular regulatory network of the tumor microenvironments. eLife 2022; 11:78616. [PMID: 35894206 PMCID: PMC9398445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) exhibits a high incidence in Asian patients with melanoma, and it is not well treated with immunotherapy. However, little attention has been paid to the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in AM. Therefore, in this study, we collected clinical samples from Chinese patients with AM and conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the heterogeneity of its tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and the molecular regulatory network. Our analysis revealed that genes, such as TWIST1, EREG, TNFRSF9, and CTGF could drive the deregulation of various TME components. The molecular interaction relationships between TME cells, such as MIF-CD44 and TNFSF9-TNFRSF9, might be an attractive target for developing novel immunotherapeutic agents. Acral melanoma is a type of cancer that affects the hands and feet. It tends to form on the palms, soles, and under the nails. It is rare in people of European descent, but in Asian populations it makes up more than half of all melanoma cases. Unlike other types of skin cancer, it does not respond well to immunotherapy, but scientists did not understand why. Historically, cancer research has focused on the genetics of whole tumors. But cancer is complicated. Malignant cells recruit other cells to help them survive and grow, and to protect them from attacks by the immune system. Together, they create their own ecosystem, called the tumor microenvironment. The exact makeup of the tumor microenvironment differs depending on the type of cancer and on the genetics of the individual. Investigating the cells that ‘support’ the tumor could help to explain how acral melanoma develops and why it does not respond to treatment. To address these questions, He et al. collected samples from six patients with acral melanoma and examined the genes used by more than 60,000 individual cells. This revealed nine different types of cells in the tumor microenvironment. Most were cancer cells, but there were also immune cells, blood vessel cells, skin cells, and a type of cell that makes connective tissue. He et al. also identified four genes that most likely shape the tumor microenvironment, and two gene pairs that may control some of the interactions between the cells. Investigating these early findings in more detail could open new treatment avenues for acral melanoma. The number of samples in this study was small, but it provides a starting point for future investigation. With more data, researchers could start to develop treatments that target the unique tumor microenvironment of this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan He
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zijuan Xin
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Bai
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyan Ruan
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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50
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Li YJ, Li HY, Zhang Q, Wei SL. The prognostic value and immune landscape of a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:942785. [PMID: 35942287 PMCID: PMC9356288 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cuproptosis has been recognized as a novel regulatory cell death, which has been confirmed to promote the occurrence and development of tumors. However, whether cuproptosis-related lncRNA has an impact on the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is still unclear. Methods: In total, 501 HNSCC tumor samples and 44 normal were downloaded from the TCGA database. Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were obtained by co-expressed analysis. We got prognostic lncRNA that was associated with cuproptosis by using univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO Cox regression. Then we constructed and validated the prognostic signature of HNSCC and analyzed the immune landscape of the signature. Results: The Prognostic Signature is based on 10 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs including AC090587.1, AC004943.2, TTN-AS1, AL162458.1, AC106820.5, AC012313.5, AL132800.1, WDFY3-AS2, CDKN2A-DT, and AL136419.3. The results of overall survival, risk score distribution, and survival status in the low-risk group were better than those in the high-risk group. In addition, all immune checkpoint genes involved were significantly different between the two risk groups (p < 0.05). The risk score was positively correlated with Eosinophils. M0 and M2 phenotype macrophages, mast cells activated, NK cells activated, and negatively related with B cells naive, mast cells resting, plasma cells, CD8T cells, T cells follicular helper, T cells regulatory (Tregs). Consensus clustering was identified in molecular subtypes of HNSC. More high-risk samples concentrated in Cluster1, which had a higher Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) alternation than Cluster2. Conclusion: Our study elucidated the correlation between cuproptosis-related lncRNA with prognosis and immune landscape of HNSCC, which may provide references for further research on the exploration of the mechanism and functions of the prognosis for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao jun Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Quan Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng li Wei
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng li Wei,
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