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Cheng Y, Peng Y, Cao LM, Huang XF, He LY. Identifying the geospatial relationship of surface ozone pollution in China: Implications for key pollution control regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172763. [PMID: 38670373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface ozone pollution, as a pressing environmental concern, has garnered widespread attention across China. Due to air mass transport, effective control of ozone pollution is highly dependent on collaborative efforts across neighboring regions. However, specific regions with strong internal interactions of ozone pollution are not yet well identified. Here, we introduced the Geospatial SHapley Additive exPlanation (GeoSHAP) approach, which primarily involves machine learning and geostatistical algorithms. Based on extensive atmospheric environmental monitoring data from 2017 to 2021, machine learning models were employed to train and predict ozone concentrations at the target location. The R2 values on the test sets of different scale regions all reached 0.98 in the overall condition, indicating that the core model has good accuracy and generalization ability. The results highlight key regions with high ozone geospatial relationship (OGR) index, predominantly located in the Northern District (ND), spanning the Fen-Wei Plain, the Loess Plateau, and the North China Plain, as well as within portions of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Further investigation indicated that high geospatial relationships stem from a synergy between anthropogenic and natural factors, with anthropogenic factors serving as a pivotal element. This study revealed key regions with the most urgent need for joint control of anthropogenic sources to mitigate ozone pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Ming Cao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ling-Yan He
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Jack C, Parker C, Kouakou YE, Joubert B, McAllister KA, Ilias M, Maimela G, Chersich M, Makhanya S, Luchters S, Makanga PT, Vos E, Ebi KL, Koné B, Waljee AK, Cissé G. Leveraging data science and machine learning for urban climate adaptation in two major African cities: a HE 2AT Center study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077529. [PMID: 38890141 PMCID: PMC11191804 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION African cities, particularly Abidjan and Johannesburg, face challenges of rapid urban growth, informality and strained health services, compounded by increasing temperatures due to climate change. This study aims to understand the complexities of heat-related health impacts in these cities. The objectives are: (1) mapping intraurban heat risk and exposure using health, socioeconomic, climate and satellite imagery data; (2) creating a stratified heat-health forecast model to predict adverse health outcomes; and (3) establishing an early warning system for timely heatwave alerts. The ultimate goal is to foster climate-resilient African cities, protecting disproportionately affected populations from heat hazards. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The research will acquire health-related datasets from eligible adult clinical trials or cohort studies conducted in Johannesburg and Abidjan between 2000 and 2022. Additional data will be collected, including socioeconomic, climate datasets and satellite imagery. These resources will aid in mapping heat hazards and quantifying heat-health exposure, the extent of elevated risk and morbidity. Outcomes will be determined using advanced data analysis methods, including statistical evaluation, machine learning and deep learning techniques. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Wits Human Research Ethics Committee (reference no: 220606). Data management will follow approved procedures. The results will be disseminated through workshops, community forums, conferences and publications. Data deposition and curation plans will be established in line with ethical and safety considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jack
- Climate System Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Craig Parker
- Wits Planetary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yao Etienne Kouakou
- University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bonnie Joubert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Maliha Ilias
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gloria Maimela
- Climate and Health Directorate, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Hillbrow, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Matthew Chersich
- Wits Planetary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Public Health and Primary Care, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, UK
| | | | - Stanley Luchters
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV & AIDS Research (CeSHHAR), Harare, Zimbabwe
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Prestige Tatenda Makanga
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV & AIDS Research (CeSHHAR), Harare, Zimbabwe
- Surveying and Geomatics Department, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Etienne Vos
- IBM Research-Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Brama Koné
- University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Akbar K Waljee
- Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Li X, Jones P, Zhao M. Identifying potential (re)hemorrhage among sporadic cerebral cavernous malformations using machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11022. [PMID: 38745042 PMCID: PMC11094099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The (re)hemorrhage in patients with sporadic cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) was the primary aim for CCM management. However, accurately identifying the potential (re)hemorrhage among sporadic CCM patients in advance remains a challenge. This study aims to develop machine learning models to detect potential (re)hemorrhage in sporadic CCM patients. This study was based on a dataset of 731 sporadic CCM patients in open data platform Dryad. Sporadic CCM patients were followed up 5 years from January 2003 to December 2018. Support vector machine (SVM), stacked generalization, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were used to construct models. The performance of models was evaluated by area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC), area under the precision-recall curve (PR-AUC) and other metrics. A total of 517 patients with sporadic CCM were included (330 female [63.8%], mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 42.1 [15.5] years). 76 (re)hemorrhage (14.7%) occurred during follow-up. Among 3 machine learning models, XGBoost model yielded the highest mean (SD) AUROC (0.87 [0.06]) in cross-validation. The top 4 features of XGBoost model were ranked with SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). All-Elements XGBoost model achieved an AUROCs of 0.84 and PR-AUC of 0.49 in testing set, with a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.76. Importantly, 4-Elements XGBoost model developed using top 4 features got a AUROCs of 0.83 and PR-AUC of 0.40, a sensitivity of 0.79, and a specificity of 0.72 in testing set. Two machine learning-based models achieved accurate performance in identifying potential (re)hemorrhages within 5 years in sporadic CCM patients. These models may provide insights for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Peng Jones
- Independent Researcher, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Wen X, Wang Y, Shao Z. The spatiotemporal trend of human brucellosis in China and driving factors using interpretability analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4880. [PMID: 38418566 PMCID: PMC10901783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Human brucellosis has reemerged in China, with a distinct change in its geographical distribution. The incidence of human brucellosis has significantly risen in inland regions of China. To gain insights into epidemic characteristics and identify factors influencing the geographic spread of human brucellosis, our study utilized the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and interpretable machine learning techniques. The results showed a consistent upward trend in the incidence of human brucellosis, with a significant increase of 8.20% from 2004 to 2021 (95% CI: 1.70, 15.10). The northern region continued to face a serious human situation, with a gradual upward trend. Meanwhile, the western and southern regions have experienced a gradual spread of human brucellosis, encompassing all regions of China over the past decade. Further analysis using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) demonstrated that higher Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and increased funding for education have the potential to reduce the spread. Conversely, the expansion of human brucellosis showed a positive correlation with bed availability per 1000 individuals, humidity, railway mileage, and GDP. These findings strongly suggest that socioeconomic factors play a more significant role in the spread of human brucellosis than other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Central Sterile Services Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Zhongjun Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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Boudreault J, Campagna C, Chebana F. Revisiting the importance of temperature, weather and air pollution variables in heat-mortality relationships with machine learning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14059-14070. [PMID: 38270762 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Extreme heat events have significant health impacts that need to be adequately quantified in the context of climate change. Traditionally, heat-health association methods have relied on statistical models using a single air temperature index, without considering other heat-related variables that may influence the relationship and their potentially complex interactions. This study aims to introduce and compare different machine learning (ML) models, which naturally consider interactions between predictors and non-linearities, to re-examine the importance of temperature, weather and air pollution predictors in modeling the heat-mortality relationship. ML approaches based on tree ensembles and neural networks, as well as non-linear statistical models, were used to model the heat-mortality relationship in the two most populated metropolitan areas of the province of Quebec, Canada. The models were calibrated using a comprehensive database of heat-related predictors including various lagged temperature indices, temperature variations, meteorological and air pollution variables. Performance was evaluated based on out-of-sample summer mortality predictions. For the two studied regions, models relying only on lagged temperature indices performed better, or equally well, than models considering more heat-related predictors such as temperature variations, weather and air pollution variables. The temperature index with the best performance differed by region, but both mean temperature and humidex were among the best indices. In terms of modeling approaches, non-linear statistical models were as competent as more advanced ML models for predicting out-of-sample summer mortality. This research validated the current use of non-linear statistical models with the appropriate lagged temperature index to model the heat-mortality relationship. Although ML models have not improved the performance of all-cause mortality modeling, these approaches should continue to be explored, particularly for other health effects that may be more directly linked to heat exposure and, in the future, when more data become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Boudreault
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), 490 de La Couronne, Quebec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
- Direction de la santé environnementale, au travail et de la toxicologie, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Avenue Wolfe, Quebec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Céline Campagna
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), 490 de La Couronne, Quebec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
- Direction de la santé environnementale, au travail et de la toxicologie, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Avenue Wolfe, Quebec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Fateh Chebana
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), 490 de La Couronne, Quebec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
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Wang Y, Li D, Wu Z, Zhong C, Tang S, Hu H, Lin P, Yang X, Liu J, He X, Zhou H, Liu F. Development and validation of a prognostic model of survival for classic heatstroke patients: a multicenter study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19265. [PMID: 37935703 PMCID: PMC10630318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic heatstroke (CHS) is a life-threatening illness characterized by extreme hyperthermia, dysfunction of the central nervous system and multiorgan failure. Accurate predictive models are useful in the treatment decision-making process and risk stratification. This study was to develop and externally validate a prediction model of survival for hospitalized patients with CHS. In this retrospective study, we enrolled patients with CHS who were hospitalized from June 2022 to September 2022 at 3 hospitals in Southwest Sichuan (training cohort) and 1 hospital in Central Sichuan (external validation cohort). Prognostic factors were identified utilizing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis in the training cohort. A predictive model was developed based on identified prognostic factors, and a nomogram was built for visualization. The areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) and the calibration curve were utilized to assess the prognostic performance of the model in both the training and external validation cohorts. The Kaplan‒Meier method was used to calculate survival rates. A total of 225 patients (median age, 74 [68-80] years) were included. Social isolation, self-care ability, comorbidities, body temperature, heart rate, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), procalcitonin (PCT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and diarrhea were found to have a significant or near-significant association with worse prognosis among hospitalized CHS patients. The AUCs of the model in the training and validation cohorts were 0.994 (95% [CI], 0.975-0.999) and 0.901 (95% [CI], 0.769-0.968), respectively. The model's prediction and actual observation demonstrated strong concordance on the calibration curve regarding 7-day survival probability. According to K‒M survival plots, there were significant differences in survival between the low-risk and high-risk groups in the training and external validation cohorts. We designed and externally validated a prognostic prediction model for CHS. This model has promising predictive performance and could be applied in clinical practice for managing patients with CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rongxian People's Hospital, Rongxian, 643100, China
| | - Donglin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, China
| | - Zongqian Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongjiang County People's Hospital, Zhongjiang, 618100, China
| | - Chuan Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, China
| | - Shengjie Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, China
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rongxian People's Hospital, Rongxian, 643100, China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiang'an County People's Hospital, Jiang'an, 644200, China
| | - Jiangming Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, China
| | - Xinyi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Haining Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, China.
| | - Fake Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiang'an County People's Hospital, Jiang'an, 644200, China.
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Ohashi Y, Ihara T, Oka K, Takane Y, Kikegawa Y. Machine learning analysis and risk prediction of weather-sensitive mortality related to cardiovascular disease during summer in Tokyo, Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17020. [PMID: 37813975 PMCID: PMC10562479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate-sensitive diseases developing from heat or cold stress threaten human health. Therefore, the future health risk induced by climate change and the aging of society need to be assessed. We developed a prediction model for mortality due to cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, which are weather or climate sensitive, using machine learning (ML) techniques. We evaluated the daily mortality of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CEV) in Tokyo and Osaka City, Japan, during summer. The significance of delayed effects of daily maximum temperature and other weather elements on mortality was previously demonstrated using a distributed lag nonlinear model. We conducted ML by a LightGBM algorithm that included specified lag days, with several temperature- and air pressure-related elements, to assess the respective mortality risks for IHD and CEV, based on training and test data for summer 2010-2019. These models were used to evaluate the effect of climate change on the risk for IHD mortality in Tokyo by applying transfer learning (TL). ML with TL predicted that the daily IHD mortality risk in Tokyo would averagely increase by 29% and 35% at the 95th and 99th percentiles, respectively, using a high-level warming-climate scenario in 2045-2055, compared to the risk simulated using ML in 2009-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitaka Ohashi
- Faculty of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Ihara
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuya Takane
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kikegawa
- School of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, Hino City, Tokyo, Japan
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Fujimoto M, Hayashi K, Nishiura H. Possible adaptation measures for climate change in preventing heatstroke among older adults in Japan. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1184963. [PMID: 37808973 PMCID: PMC10556232 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1184963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heatstroke mortality is highest among older adults aged 65 years and older, and the risk is even doubled among those aged 75 years and older. The incidence of heatstroke is expected to increase in the future with elevated temperatures owing to climate change. In the context of a super-aged society, we examined possible adaptation measures in Japan that could prevent heatstroke among older people using an epidemiological survey combined with mathematical modeling. Methods To identify possible interventions, we conducted a cross-sectional survey, collecting information on heatstroke episodes from 2018 to 2019 among people aged 75 years and older. Responses were analyzed from 576 participants, and propensity score matching was used to adjust for measurable confounders and used to estimate the effect sizes associated with variables that constitute possible interventions. Subsequently, a weather-driven statistical model was used to predict heatstroke-related ambulance transports. We projected the incidence of heatstroke-related transports until the year 2100, with and without adaptation measures. Results The risk factor with the greatest odds ratio (OR) of heatstroke among older adults was living alone (OR 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-5.4). Other possible risk factors included an inability to drink water independently and the absence of air conditioning. Using three climate change scenarios, a more than 30% increase in the incidence of heatstroke-related ambulance transports was anticipated for representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5, as compared with a carbon-neutral scenario. Given 30% reduction in single living, a 15% reduction in the incidence of heatstroke is expected. Given 70% improvement in all three risk factors, a 40% reduction in the incidence can be expected. Conclusion Possible adaptation measures include providing support for older adults living alone, for those who have an inability to drink water and for those without air conditioning. To be comparable to carbon neutrality, future climate change under RCP 2.6 requires achieving a 30% relative reduction in all three identified risks at least from 2060; under RCP 4.5, a 70% reduction from 2050 at the latest is needed. In the case of RCP 8.5, the goal of heatstroke-related transports approaching RCP 1.9 cannot be achieved.
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Wertis L, Sugg MM, Runkle JD, Rao D. Socio-Environmental Determinants of Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Youth: A Machine Learning Approach. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000839. [PMID: 37711362 PMCID: PMC10499369 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that extreme environmental conditions in summer months have an adverse impact on mental and behavioral disorders (MBD), but there is limited research looking at youth populations. The objective of this study was to apply machine learning approaches to identify key variables that predict MBD-related emergency room (ER) visits in youths in select North Carolina cities among adolescent populations. Daily MBD-related ER visits, which totaled over 42,000 records, were paired with daily environmental conditions, as well as sociodemographic variables to determine if certain conditions lead to higher vulnerability to exacerbated mental health disorders. Four machine learning models (i.e., generalized linear model, generalized additive model, extreme gradient boosting, random forest) were used to assess the predictive performance of multiple environmental and sociodemographic variables on MBD-related ER visits for all cities. The best-performing machine learning model was then applied to each of the six individual cities. As a subanalysis, a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to confirm results. In the all cities scenario, sociodemographic variables contributed the greatest to the overall MBD prediction. In the individual cities scenario, four cities had a 24-hr difference in the maximum temperature, and two of the cities had a 24-hr difference in the minimum temperature, maximum temperature, or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a leading predictor of MBD ER visits. Results can inform the use of machine learning models for predicting MBD during high-temperature events and identify variables that affect youth MBD responses during these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wertis
- Department of Geography and PlanningAppalachian State UniversityBooneNCUSA
| | - Margaret M. Sugg
- Department of Geography and PlanningAppalachian State UniversityBooneNCUSA
| | | | - Douglas Rao
- NC Institute for Climate StudiesNC State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
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Ke D, Takahashi K, Takakura J, Takara K, Kamranzad B. Effects of heatwave features on machine-learning-based heat-related ambulance calls prediction models in Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162283. [PMID: 36801340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Researchers agree that there is substantial evidence of an increasing trend in both the frequency and duration of extreme temperature events. Increasing extreme temperature events will place more pressure on public health and emergency medical resources, and societies will need to find effective and reliable solutions to adapt to hotter summers. This study developed an effective method to predict the number of daily heat-related ambulance calls. Both national- and regional-level models were developed to evaluate the performance of machine-learning-based methods on heat-related ambulance call prediction. The national model showed a high prediction accuracy and can be applied over most regions, while the regional model showed extremely high prediction accuracy in each corresponding region and reliable accuracy in special cases. We found that the introduction of heatwave features, including accumulated heat stress, heat acclimatization, and optimal temperature, significantly improved prediction accuracy. The adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) of the national model improved from 0.9061 to 0.9659 by including these features, and the adjusted R2 of the regional model also improved from 0.9102 to 0.9860. Furthermore, we used five bias-corrected global climate models (GCMs) to forecast the total number of summer heat-related ambulance calls under three different future climate scenarios nationally and regionally. Our analysis demonstrated that, at the end of the 21st century, the total number of heat-related ambulance calls in Japan will reach approximately 250,000 per year (nearly four times the current amount) under SSP-5.85. Our results suggest that disaster management agencies can use this highly accurate model to forecast potential high emergency medical resource burden caused by extreme heat events, allowing them to raise and improve public awareness and prepare countermeasures in advance. The method proposed in Japan in this paper can be applied to other countries that have relevant data and weather information systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Ke
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nakaadachi 1, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8306, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Takahashi
- Center for Social & Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Jun'ya Takakura
- Center for Social & Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takara
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Bahareh Kamranzad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XJ, United Kingdom
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Zhao R, Hu Z, Wang X, Tao P, Wang Y, Liu T, Wei Y, Xu H, He X. Process optimization of line patterns in extreme ultraviolet lithography using machine learning and a simulated annealing algorithm. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:2892-2898. [PMID: 37133133 DOI: 10.1364/ao.485006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Resolution, line edge/width roughness, and sensitivity (RLS) are critical indicators for evaluating the imaging performance of resists. As the technology node gradually shrinks, stricter indicator control is required for high-resolution imaging. However, current research can improve only part of the RLS indicators of resists for line patterns, and it is difficult to improve the overall imaging performance of resists in extreme ultraviolet lithography. Here, we report a lithographic process optimization system of line patterns, where RLS models are first established by adopting a machine learning method, and then these models are optimized using a simulated annealing algorithm. Finally, the process parameter combination with optimal imaging quality of line patterns can be obtained. This system can control resist RLS indicators, and it exhibits high optimization accuracy, which facilitates the reduction of process optimization time and cost and accelerates the development of the lithography process.
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Takada A, Kodera S, Suzuki K, Nemoto M, Egawa R, Takizawa H, Hirata A. Estimation of the number of heat illness patients in eight metropolitan prefectures of Japan: Correlation with ambient temperature and computed thermophysiological responses. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1061135. [PMID: 36875384 PMCID: PMC9982159 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1061135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with heat illness transported by ambulance has been gradually increasing due to global warming. In intense heat waves, it is crucial to accurately estimate the number of cases with heat illness for management of medical resources. Ambient temperature is an essential factor with respect to the number of patients with heat illness, although thermophysiological response is a more relevant factor with respect to causing symptoms. In this study, we computed daily maximum core temperature increase and daily total amount of sweating in a test subject using a large-scale, integrated computational method considering the time course of actual ambient conditions as input. The correlation between the number of transported people and their thermophysiological temperature is evaluated in addition to conventional ambient temperature. With the exception of one prefecture, which features a different Köppen climate classification, the number of transported people in the remaining prefectures, with a Köppen climate classification of Cfa, are well estimated using either ambient temperature or computed core temperature increase and daily amount of sweating. For estimation using ambient temperature, an additional two parameters were needed to obtain comparable accuracy. Even using ambient temperature, the number of transported people can be estimated if the parameters are carefully chosen. This finding is practically useful for the management of ambulance allocation on hot days as well as public enlightenment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Takada
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kodera
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Architecture, Design, Civil Engineering, and Industrial Management Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mio Nemoto
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Egawa
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo, Japan.,Cyberscience Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Akimasa Hirata
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
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Cheng Y, Huang XF, Peng Y, Tang MX, Zhu B, Xia SY, He LY. A novel machine learning method for evaluating the impact of emission sources on ozone formation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120685. [PMID: 36400136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ozone air pollution is one of the most important environmental challenges in China today, and it is particularly significant to identify pollution sources and formulate control strategies. In present study, we proposed a novel method of positive matrix factorization-SHapley Additive explanation (PMF-SHAP) for evaluating the impact of emission sources on ozone formation, which can quantify the main emission sources of ozone pollution. In this method, we first used the PMF model to identify the source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and then quantified various emission sources using a combination of machine learning (ML) models and the SHAP algorithm. The R2 of the optimal ML model in this method was as high as 0.96, indicating that the prediction performance was excellent. Furthermore, we explored the impact of different emission sources on ozone formation, and found that ozone formation in Shenzhen was more affected by VOCs, of which vehicle emission sources may have the greatest impact. Our results suggest that the appropriate combination of traditional models with ML models can well address environmental pollution problems. Moreover, the conclusions obtained based on the PMF-SHAP method were different from the traditional ozone formation potential (OFP) results, providing valuable clues for related mechanism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yan Peng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Meng-Xue Tang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shi-Yong Xia
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ling-Yan He
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Using Wet Bulb Globe Temperature and Physiological Equivalent Temperature as Predicative Models of Medical Stress in a Marathon: Analysis of 30 Years of Data From the Twin Cities Marathon. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:45-51. [PMID: 36205927 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES : Assess the relationships between wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and physiologic equivalent temperature (PET) at the start of a northern latitude marathon and their associations with medical stress and transfers to the emergency room (ER) when the race environment is unexpectedly warm, and participants are not acclimatized. DESIGN : Retrospective review. SETTING : Twin Cities Marathon from 1990 to 2019. PARTICIPANTS : Runners competing in the Twin Cities Marathon. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES : Start WBGT (prospectively collected) and PET (retrospectively calculated). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Marathon race starters and finishers and race day medical data (eg, medical stress, number of medical encounters, and number of ER visits). RESULTS : The mean WBGT was 7.4°C (range -1.7°C to 22.2°C), and the meant PET was 5.2°C (range -16.7°C to 25.9°C). PET was not determined to be a significant predictor of medical stress (P = 0.71); however, a significant quadratic association between WBGT and medical stress was found (P = 0.006). WBGT (P = 0.002), but not PET (P = 0.07), was a significant predictor of the number of ER visits. CONCLUSIONS Start WBGT was a better predictor of medical stress and ER visits than PET at the Twin Cities Marathon over a 30-year period. The start WBGT may be a better tool to predict race day environment medical safety.
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Zhao Q, Yu Y, Gao Y, Shen L, Cui S, Gou Y, Zhang C, Zhuang S, Jiang G. Machine Learning-Based Models with High Accuracy and Broad Applicability Domains for Screening PMT/vPvM Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17880-17889. [PMID: 36475377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances can transport over long distances from various sources, increasing the public health risk. A rapid and high-throughput screening of PMT/vPvM substances is thus warranted to the risk prevention and mitigation measures. Herein, we construct a machine learning-based screening system integrated with five models for high-throughput classification of PMT/vPvM substances. The models are constructed with 44 971 substances by conventional learning, deep learning, and ensemble learning algorithms, among which, LightGBM and XGBoost outperform other algorithms with metrics exceeding 0.900. Good model interpretability is achieved through the number of free halogen atoms (fr_halogen) and the logarithm of partition coefficient (MolLogP) as the two most critical molecular descriptors representing the persistence and mobility of substances, respectively. Our screening system exhibits a great generalization capability with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) above 0.951 and is successfully applied to the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), prioritized PMT/vPvM substances, and pesticides. The screening system constructed in this study can serve as an efficient and reliable tool for high-throughput risk assessment and the prioritization of managing emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Lilai Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Shixuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310006, China
| | - Yiyuan Gou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, Texas77058, United States
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310006, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
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Fujimoto M, Nishiura H. Baseline scenarios of heat-related ambulance transportations under climate change in Tokyo, Japan. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13838. [PMID: 35923895 PMCID: PMC9341446 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Predictive scenarios of heatstroke over the long-term future have yet to be formulated. The purpose of the present study was to generate baseline scenarios of heat-related ambulance transportations using climate change scenario datasets in Tokyo, Japan. Methods Data on the number of heat-related ambulance transportations in Tokyo from 2015 to 2019 were examined, and the relationship between the risk of heat-related ambulance transportations and the daily maximum wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was modeled using three simple dose-response models. To quantify the risk of heatstroke, future climatological variables were then retrieved to compute the WBGT up to the year 2100 from climate change scenarios (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) using two scenario models. The predicted risk of heat-related ambulance transportations was embedded onto the future age-specific projected population. Results The proportion of the number of days with a WBGT above 28°C is predicted to increase every five years by 0.16% for RCP2.6, 0.31% for RCP4.5, and 0.68% for RCP8.5. In 2100, compared with 2000, the number of heat-related ambulance transportations is predicted to be more than three times greater among people aged 0-64 years and six times greater among people aged 65 years or older. The variance of the heatstroke risk becomes greater as the WBGT increases. Conclusions The increased risk of heatstroke for the long-term future was demonstrated using a simple statistical approach. Even with the RCP2.6 scenario, with the mildest impact of global warming, the risk of heatstroke is expected to increase. The future course of heatstroke predicted by our approach acts as a baseline for future studies.
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Iba T, Connors JM, Levi M, Levy JH. Heatstroke-induced coagulopathy: Biomarkers, mechanistic insights, and patient management. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 44:101276. [PMID: 35128366 PMCID: PMC8792067 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke is increasingly becoming a significant concern due to global warming. Systemic inflammation and coagulopathy are the two major factors that provoke life-threatening organ dysfunction in heatstroke. Dysregulated thermo-control induces cellular injury, damage-associated molecular patterns release, hyperinflammation, and hypercoagulation with suppressed fibrinolysis to produce heatstroke-induced coagulopathy (HSIC). HSIC can progress to disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiorgan failure if severe enough. Platelet count, D-dimer, soluble thrombomodulin, and inflammation biomarkers such as interleukin-6 and histone H3 are promising markers for HSIC. In exertional heatstroke, the measurement of myoglobin is helpful to anticipate renal dysfunction. However, the optimal cutoff for each biomarker has not been determined. Except for initial cooling and hydration, effective therapy continues to be explored, and the use of antiinflammatory and anticoagulant therapies is under investigation. Despite the rapidly increasing risk, our knowledge is limited, and further study is warranted. In this review, we examine current information and what future efforts are needed to better understand and manage HSIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jean Marie Connors
- Hematology Division Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marcel Levi
- Department of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cardio-metabolic Programme-NIHR UCLH/UCL BRC London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerrold H. Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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