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Sana A, Djemaï E, De Vreyer P, Thivillon T, Badolo H, Berthé A, Kania D. Seroprevalence and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in middle-sized cities of Burkina Faso: A descriptive cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305850. [PMID: 39110710 PMCID: PMC11305540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since March 2020, COVID-19 has evolved from a localized outbreak to a global pandemic. We assessed the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in three towns in the Centre Sud region of Burkina Faso. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three middle-sized cities in Burkina Faso's Centre Sud region, from June to July 2021. Subjects aged 16 or over at the time of the survey were considered for this seroprevalence study. The Biosynex COVID-19 BSS rapid test was used to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against SARS-CoV-2. A standardized questionnaire was also administered to collect additional information. RESULTS A total of 2449 eligible participants (age ≥ 16 years) were identified. Serological tests for COVID-19 were performed in 2155 individuals, of which 2143 valid tests were retained and analyzed. Out of the entire sample, 246 positive tests were observed, corresponding to a prevalence of 11.48%. Prevalence was 9.35% (58 cases) in Kombissiri, 12.86% (80 cases) in Manga and 11.99% (108 cases) in Pô. By gender, 13.37% of women (164 cases) tested positive, and 8.95% of men (82 cases). Women accounted for 66.67% of all positive test subjects. The results from the multivariate analysis show a significantly higher seroprevalence in women (p = 0.007), people over 55 years old (p = 0.004), overweight people (p = 0.026) and those with drinking water sources at home (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the COVID-19 virus also circulates in the population of middle-sized cities in Burkina Faso, far more than officially reported by the information service of the government of Burkina Faso, given the lack of systematic testing in the general population in the country. The study also highlighted the greater vulnerability of women, older and overweight individuals to the epidemic. The preventive measures put in place to fight the pandemic must take these different factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Sana
- Département biomédical et santé publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Elodie Djemaï
- Université Paris-Dauphine, Université PSL, LEDa, CNRS, IRD, DIAL, Paris, France
| | - Philippe De Vreyer
- Université Paris-Dauphine, Université PSL, LEDa, CNRS, IRD, DIAL, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Thivillon
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 6060 Bordeaux Sciences Economiques, Pessac, France
| | - Hermann Badolo
- Observatoire National de la Santé de la population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdramane Berthé
- Université de Dédougou, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Dramane Kania
- Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Figueroa-Romero A, Atchadé A, Yadouleton A, Fiogbe M, Bonnet E, Yovo E, Accrombessi M, Hounsa S, Paper T, Dupont R, Gaudart J, Le Hesran JY, Massougbodji A, Cottrell G, González R. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women in the third year of the pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1762. [PMID: 38956517 PMCID: PMC11221113 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women are a vulnerable population to COVID-19 given an increased susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and pregnancy complications. However, few SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys have been performed among this population to assess the extent of the infection in sub-Saharan countries. The objectives of this study were to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women, to identify spatial seropositivity clusters and to analyse factors associated with the infection. METHODS A cross-sectional study including women in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal care (ANC) clinics at Allada (south Benin) and Natitingou (north Benin) was conducted. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for detection of IgG/IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were performed using capillary blood. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associations between SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and maternal characteristics were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the spatial scan statistics to identify spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS A total of 861 pregnant women were enrolled between May 4 and June 29, 2022. 58/861 (6.7%) participants reported having received COVID-19 vaccine. None of the participants had been diagnosed with COVID-19 during their pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 607/802 (75.7%; 95% CI 72.56%-78.62%) of unvaccinated participants. Several urban and rural spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified in Allada and one urban spatial cluster was identified in Natitingou. Unvaccinated participants from Allada with at least one previous morbidity were at a three-times higher risk of presenting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (OR = 2.89; 95%CI 1.19%-7.00%). CONCLUSION Three out of four pregnant women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, suggesting a high virus circulation among pregnant women in Benin, while COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low. Pregnant women with comorbidities may be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This population should be prioritized for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination in order to prevent its deleterious effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT06170320 (retrospectively registered on December 21, 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Figueroa-Romero
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aurore Atchadé
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Anges Yadouleton
- Laboratoire des fièvres hémorragiques virales du Bénin, Ministère de la Santé du Bénin, Cotonou, 01BP918, Bénin
| | - Marc Fiogbe
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Emmanuel Bonnet
- Institut de recherche pour le développement PRODIG UMR 215, CNRS Université Paris 1 Panthéon- Sorbonne, AgroParisTech 5, cours des Humanités, Aubervilliers, Île-de-France, F-93 322, France
| | - Emmanuel Yovo
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Manfred Accrombessi
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Population Services International, Malaria Department, Country-Based Global Employee, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sandrine Hounsa
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Thierry Paper
- Biosynex S.A, 22 boulevard Sebastien Brant, Illkirch Graffenstaden, Strasbourg, F-67400, France
| | - Raphael Dupont
- Biosynex S.A, 22 boulevard Sebastien Brant, Illkirch Graffenstaden, Strasbourg, F-67400, France
| | - Jean Gaudart
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, AP-HM, Hop La Timone, BioSTIC, Biostatistic and ICT, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Yves Le Hesran
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, MERIT UMR216, Université Paris-Cité, Faculté de pharmacie, laboratoire de parasitologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Gilles Cottrell
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, MERIT UMR216, Université Paris-Cité, Faculté de pharmacie, laboratoire de parasitologie, Paris, France
| | - Raquel González
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
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Moguem Soubgui AF, Ndeme Mboussi WS, Kojom Foko LP, Embolo Enyegue EL, Koanga Mogtomo ML. Serological surveillance reveals a high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and altered immune response among COVID-19 unvaccinated Cameroonian individuals. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002380. [PMID: 38346064 PMCID: PMC10861046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Surveillance of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 dynamics is crucial to understanding natural history and providing insights into the population's exposure risk and specific susceptibilities. This study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, its predictors, and immunological status among unvaccinated patients in Cameroon. A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted between January and September 2022 in the town of Douala. Patients were consecutively recruited, and data of interest were collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine Immunoglobin titres (IgM and IgG), interferon gamma (IFN- γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by ELISA, and CD4+ cells by flow cytometry. A total of 342 patients aged 41.5 ± 13.9 years were included. Most participants (75.8%) were asymptomatic. The overall crude prevalence of IgM and IgG was 49.1% and 88.9%, respectively. After adjustment, the seroprevalence values were 51% for IgM and 93% for IgM. Ageusia and anosmia have displayed the highest positive predictive values (90.9% and 82.4%) and specificity (98.9% and 98.3%). The predictors of IgM seropositivity were being diabetic (aOR = 0.23, p = 0.01), frequently seeking healthcare (aOR = 1.97, p = 0.03), and diagnosed with ageusia (aOR = 20.63, p = 0.005), whereas those of IgG seropositivity included health facility (aOR = 0.15, p = 0.01), age of 40-50 years (aOR = 8.78, p = 0.01), married (aOR = 0.21, p = 0.02), fever (aOR = 0.08, p = 0.01), and ageusia (aOR = 0.08, p = 0.01). CD4+, IFN-γ, and IL-6 were impaired in seropositive individuals, with a confounding role of socio-demographic factors or comorbidities. Although the WHO declared the end of COVID-19 as a public health emergency, the findings of this study indicate the need for continuous surveillance to adequately control the disease in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Flore Moguem Soubgui
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Centre de Recherche et d’Expertise en Biologie, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Wilfred Steve Ndeme Mboussi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Centre de Recherche et d’Expertise en Biologie, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Loick Pradel Kojom Foko
- Centre de Recherche et d’Expertise en Biologie, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Elisée Libert Embolo Enyegue
- Center for Research on Health and Priority Diseases, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon
| | - Martin Luther Koanga Mogtomo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Centre de Recherche et d’Expertise en Biologie, Douala, Cameroon
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Tejiokem MC, Abessolo HA, Nkodo JM, Ouethy M, Mayaka GB, Touha Y, Dikoume UA, Tchatchueng‐Mbougua JB, Noumbissi DC, Ndjeukam WT, Mbarga HOO, Ngoupo PAT, Moussi C, Garoua BH, Njouom R, Richard V. High seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among healthcare workers in Yaoundé, Cameroon after the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic and associated factors. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13239. [PMID: 38342486 PMCID: PMC10859237 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HWs) are at a high risk of exposure to emerging health threats. Following the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Cameroon, we explored the presence and persistence of naturally acquired antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the factors associated with seropositivity in HWs. METHODS Staff at two referral hospitals in Yaoundé or two Health District Hospitals in Obala and Mbalmayo were included in a 6-month prospective cohort analysis or cross-sectional survey, respectively. Seroprevalence and associated factors were determined, and Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess antibody persistence or positive seroconversion over time. RESULTS From August 2020 to March 2021, 426 HWs (median age: 31 years, interquartile range: 27-37 years; 66.4% female) were enrolled. The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 54.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49.1-58.8) and was significantly different between study sites (p = 0.04). Of the 216 HWs included in the 6-month cohort, 109 (50.5%) HWs were seropositive at inclusion; the probability of persistent antibodies or of becoming seropositive was 93.8% (95% CI: 84.2-100) and 78.9% (95% CI: 61.7-88.4), respectively. Seroconversion was associated with study site and occupation but not with infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. CONCLUSIONS We observed high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody and seroconversion among HWs associated with occupational risk. This suggests low compliance to the COVID-19 control measures. Continued training and implementation of IPC measures and accelerated preparedness are needed to better tackle future threats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hermine Abessolo Abessolo
- Centre Spécialisé de Prise en Charge des Patients Covid‐19annexe 2 Hôpital Central de YaoundéYaoundéCameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte Moussi
- Délégation Régionale de la Santé Publique du CentreYaoundéCameroon
| | - Bonaventure Hollong Garoua
- Centre Spécialisé de Prise en Charge des Patients Covid‐19annexe 2 Hôpital Central de YaoundéYaoundéCameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Service de virologieCentre Pasteur du CamerounYaoundéCameroon
| | - Vincent Richard
- Direction Internationale, Institut Pasteur, Réseau International des Instituts PasteurParisFrance
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Fokam J, Nka AD, Efakika Gabisa J, Nwosu K, Wanda F, Mama L, Ka’e AC, Bouba Y, Ngoufack Jagni Semengue E, Tommo Tchouaket MC, Takou D, Kengni Ngueko AM, Pabo W, Sosso SM, Keiser O, Perno CF, Colizzi V, Ekane EGH, Otshudiema Otokoye J, Ndjolo A, Ciaffi L. COVID-19 preventive social-behavioural practices and exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among residents in the city of Yaounde: Lessons from the early phase of the pandemic in Cameroon. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002331. [PMID: 37647276 PMCID: PMC10468056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical interventions remain key in mitigating the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We sought to assess COVID-19 preventive, social-behavioural practices, and SARS-CoV-2 exposure through IgG rapid tests. This was a cross-sectional survey among 971 respondents residing in 180 households within the "Cite Verte" health district of Yaounde-Cameroon, from October-November 2020. Using a structured questionnaire, data on SARS-CoV-2 preventive and social behavioural practices were collected, while exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was determined by IgG profiling. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall, 971 participants were enrolled, among whom 56.5% were females. The age group 15-29 (33.5%) and those with a secondary level of education (44.7%) were most represented. Regarding preventive/social behavioural practices, the least respected measure was "stopped work", 49.1%, while the most respected was "Respect of hygiene rules", 93.8%. Women obeyed preventive measures more than men, with 87.6% vs 81.0% adhering to the lockdown, (p = 0.005) and 95.5% vs 91.7% to hygiene rules (p = 0.017). The age range 45-64 years was the least adherent to the lockdown rule, with 75.2% (38/153), p<0.0001. Only 24.7% (73/295) and 6.1% (59/295) of the symptomatic individuals reported having sought medical consultation and Covid-19 testing respectively. In addition, up to 69.8% (555/795) felt healthcare facilities were high-risk sites for getting infected, p = 0.002. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 by IgG positivity was 31.1% (302/971), with men recording a higher proportion of viral exposure, 51.0% (154/302), p = 0.021. After adjusting for gender, age, education, and occupation; salaried worker (p = 0.029; OR: 0.29), and trading (p = 0.001; OR: 0.23) least complied with lockdown rule. In this community of Cameroonian residents highly exposed to COVID-19, many perceived healthcare facilities as high-risk zones for SARS-CoV-2 infection and consequently did not seek medical interventions. Thus, in the context of such a pandemic, advocacy on risk communication and community engagement for health-seeking attitudes should preferentially target men and those afraid of pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Fokam
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jeremiah Efakika Gabisa
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Kene Nwosu
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franck Wanda
- Centre International de Recherches, d’Enseignements, et de Soins (CIRES), Akonolinga, Cameroon
| | - Lucien Mama
- Health District of Cite Verte, Regional Delegation of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Aude Christelle Ka’e
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Yagai Bouba
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Désiré Takou
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Aurelie minelle Kengni Ngueko
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Willy Pabo
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Martin Sosso
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Olivia Keiser
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Carlo-Federico Perno
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Bambino Gesu Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Evangelic University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Laura Ciaffi
- Centre International de Recherches, d’Enseignements, et de Soins (CIRES), Akonolinga, Cameroon
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Kwedi Nolna S, Niba M, Djadda C, Masumbe Netongo P. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in clinical settings in Douala, Cameroon. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1212220. [PMID: 38455949 PMCID: PMC10910930 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1212220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background The asymptomatic nature of COVID-19 coupled with differential testing are confounders in the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 incidence among people living with HIV (PLWH). As various comorbidities increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is crucial to assess the potential contribution of HIV to the risk of acquiring COVID-19. Our study aimed to compare the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence among people living with and without HIV. Methods PLWH were enrolled in the HIV units of two health facilities in Douala, Cameroon. Participants were consecutively enrolled, among which 47 were people living with HIV and 31 were HIV-negative patients. SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests were performed on all participants. Overall, medical consultation was conducted. For HIV-positive participants only, viral load, antiretroviral regimen, duration of HIV infection, and duration of antiretroviral treatment were retrieved from medical records. Results We found an overall SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence of 42.31% within the study population, with a SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence of 44.6% for PLWH and 38.7% among those without HIV infection; no significant statistical difference was observed. Adjusting for sex, HIV status, and BCG vaccination, the odds of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were higher among married persons in the study population. Sex, BCG vaccination, and HIV status were not found to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity. Conclusions Our findings support the lack of association between HIV status and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ARV regimen, suppressed viral load, and Tenofovir boasted ARV regimen might not affect the body's immune response after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH. Thus, if HIV is well treated, the susceptibility to COVID-19 in PLWH would be like that of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Kwedi Nolna
- Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Capacity for Leadership Excellence and Research (CLEAR), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Miriam Niba
- Capacity for Leadership Excellence and Research (CLEAR), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Cedric Djadda
- Capacity for Leadership Excellence and Research (CLEAR), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Palmer Masumbe Netongo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, Biotechnology Centre-University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Science, Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, United States
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7
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Manirakiza A, Malaka C, Longo JDD, Yambiyo BM, Diemer SCH, Namseneï J, Coti-Reckoundji CSG, Bouhouda M, Belizaire MRD, Roungou JB, Komas NP, Grésenguet G, Vernet G, Vernet MA, Nakoune E. Sero-prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among communities between July and August 2022 in Bangui, Central African Republic. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2315. [PMID: 37753434 PMCID: PMC10519115 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale population-based seroprevalence studies of SARS-CoV-2 are essential to characterize the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to extrapolate the prevalence of presumptive immunity at the population level. Objective. The objective of our survey was to estimate the cumulative population immunity for COVID-19 and to identify individual characteristics associated with positive serostatus. Materials and Methods This was a clustered cross-sectional study conducted from July 12 to August 20, 2021, in households in the city of Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic. Information regarding demographic characteristics (age, gender, and place of residence), and comorbidities (chronic diseases) was collected. A venous blood sample was obtained from each participant to determine the level of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA kit. Results All up, 799 participants were surveyed. The average age was 27 years, and 45.8% of the respondents were male (sex ratio: 0.8). The overall proportion of respondents with positive serostatus was 74.1%. Participants over 20 years of age were twice as likely to have positive serostatus, with an OR of 2.2 [95% CI: (1.6, 3.1)]. Conclusions The results of this survey revealed a high cumulative level of immunity in Bangui, thus indicating a significant degree of spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. The public health implications of this immunity to SARS-CoV-2 such as the post-vaccination total antibody kinetics remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Manirakiza
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
| | | | - Jean de Dieu Longo
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
- Ministère de la Santé et de la Population
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Narcisse Patrice Komas
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
| | | | - Guy Vernet
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
| | | | - Emmanuel Nakoune
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
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Sandie AB, Ngo Sack F, Medi Sike CI, Mendimi Nkodo J, Ngegni H, Ateba Mimfoumou HG, Lobe SA, Choualeu Noumbissi D, Tchuensou Mfoubi F, Tagnouokam Ngoupo PA, Ayong L, Njouom R, Tejiokem MC. Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adult Populations in Cameroon: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study Among Blood Donors in the Cities of Yaoundé and Douala. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:266-278. [PMID: 37129837 PMCID: PMC10152017 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over a period of about 9 months, we conducted three serosurveys in the two major cities of Cameroon to determine the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 antibodies and to identify factors associated with seropositivity in each survey. We conducted three independent cross-sectional serosurveys of adult blood donors at the Central Hospital in Yaoundé (CHY), the Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé (JHY) and at the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala (LHD) who consented in writing to participate. Before blood sampling, a short questionnaire was administered to participants to collect their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We included a total of 743, 1202, and 1501 participants in the first (January 25-February 15, 2021), second (May 03-28, 2021), and third (November 29-December 31, 2021) surveys, respectively. The adjusted seroprevalence increased from 66.3% (95% CrI 61.1-71.3) in the first survey to 87.2% (95% CrI 84.0-90.0) in the second survey, and 98.4% (95% CrI 96.8-99.7) in the third survey. In the first survey, study site, participant occupation, and comorbid conditions were associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, whereas only study site remained associated in the second survey. None of the factors studied was significantly associated with seropositivity in the third survey. Together, the data suggest a rapid initial spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the study population, independent of the sociodemographic parameters assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsène Brunelle Sandie
- Service d’épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451, Street 2005, Yaounde 2, P.O. Box: 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- African Population and Health Research Center, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diane Choualeu Noumbissi
- Service d’épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451, Street 2005, Yaounde 2, P.O. Box: 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fabrice Tchuensou Mfoubi
- Service d’épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451, Street 2005, Yaounde 2, P.O. Box: 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Lawrence Ayong
- Service de Paludisme, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Service de Virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem
- Service d’épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451, Street 2005, Yaounde 2, P.O. Box: 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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9
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Owusu Donkor I, Mensah SK, Dwomoh D, Akorli J, Abuaku B, Ashong Y, Opoku M, Andoh NE, Sumboh JG, Ohene SA, Owusu-Asare AA, Quartey J, Dumashie E, Lomotey ES, Odumang DA, Gyamfi GO, Dorcoo C, Afatodzie MS, Osabutey D, Ismail RBY, Quaye I, Bosomprah S, Munster V, Koram KA. Modeling SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and its determinants in Ghana: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001851. [PMID: 37145991 PMCID: PMC10162519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates have significant public health policy implications since they shed light on the severity of illness in various groups and aid in strategic deployment of diagnostics, treatment and vaccination. Population-based investigations have not been conducted in Ghana to identify the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2. We conducted an age stratified nationally representative household study to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and identify risk factors between February and December 2021. Study participants, 5 years and older regardless of prior or current infection COVID-19 infection from across Ghana were included in the study. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, contact with an individual with COVID-19-related symptoms, history of COVID-19-related illness, and adherence to infection prevention measures were collected. Serum obtained was tested for total antibodies with the WANTAI ELISA kit. The presence of antibodies against SAR-COV-2 was detected in 3,476 of 5,348 participants, indicating a seroprevalence of 67.10% (95% CI: 63.71-66.26). Males had lower seroprevalence (65.8% [95% CI: 63.5-68.04]) than females (68.4% [95% CI: 66.10-69.92]). Seroprevalence was lowest in >20 years (64.8% [95% CI: 62.36-67.19]) and highest among young adults; 20-39 years (71.1% [95% CI 68.83,73.39]). Seropositivity was associated with education, employment status and geographic location. Vaccination status in the study population was 10%. Exposure is more likely in urban than rural areas thus infection prevention protocols must be encouraged and maintained. Also, promoting vaccination in target groups and in rural areas is necessary to curb transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Owusu Donkor
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Sedzro Kojo Mensah
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Duah Dwomoh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Abuaku
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Yvonne Ashong
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Millicent Opoku
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Nana Efua Andoh
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Jeffrey Gabriel Sumboh
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Sally-Ann Ohene
- Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit, World Health Organization, Country Office, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Joseph Quartey
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Edward Dumashie
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Elvis Suatey Lomotey
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Daniel Adjei Odumang
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Grace Opoku Gyamfi
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Christopher Dorcoo
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Dickson Osabutey
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Rahmat bint Yussif Ismail
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Isaac Quaye
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel Bosomprah
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Vincent Munster
- Virus Ecology Section, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Kwadwo Ansah Koram
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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10
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Moguem Soubgui AF, Embolo Enyegue EL, Kojom Foko LP, Ndeme Mboussi WS, Deutou Hogoue G, Mbougang SP, Sanda SM, Fotso Chidjou IU, Fotso VF, Nzogang Tchonet SA, Medi Sike C, Koanga Mogtomo ML. Epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Douala, the most populated and highly heterogeneous town of Cameroon: a post-vaccination update. Acta Trop 2023; 241:106864. [PMID: 36849093 PMCID: PMC9968477 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at providing an update of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in Douala, the most populated and highly heterogeneous town of Cameroon. A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted from January to September 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data. Retrotranscriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples. Of the 2354 individuals approached, 420 were included. The mean age of patients was 42.3 ± 14.4 years (range 21 - 82). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 8.1%. The risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was increased more than seven times in patients aged ≥ 70 years old (aRR = 7.12, p = 0.001), more than six times in married (aRR = 6.60, p = 0.02), more than seven times in those having completed secondary studies (aRR = 7.85, p = 0.02), HIV-positive patients (aRR = 7.64, p < 0.0001) and asthmatic patients (aRR = 7.60, p = 0.003), and more than nine times in those seeking health care regularly (aRR = 9.24, p = 0.001). In contrast, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reduced by 86% in patients attending Bonassama hospital (aRR = 0.14, p = 0.04), by 93% in patients of blood group B (aRR = 0.07, p = 0.04), and by 95% in COVID-19 vaccinated participants (aRR = 0.05, p = 0.005). There is need for ongoing surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Cameroon, given the position and importance of Douala.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gildas Deutou Hogoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Valery Fabrice Fotso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, Cameroon
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11
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Aissatou A, Fokam J, Semengue ENJ, Takou D, Ka’e AC, Ambe CC, Nka AD, Djupsa SC, Beloumou G, Ciaffi L, Tchouaket MCT, Nayang ARM, Pabo WLT, Essomba RG, Halle EGE, Okomo MC, Bissek ACZK, Leke R, Boum Y, Mballa GAE, Montesano C, Perno CF, Colizzi V, Ndjolo A. Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cameroon: A comparative analysis according to HIV-status. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155855. [PMID: 37090738 PMCID: PMC10116492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lower burden of COVID-19 in tropical settings may be due to preexisting cross-immunity, which might vary according to geographical locations and potential exposure to other pathogens. We sought to assess the overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and determine SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity according to HIV-status before the COVID-19 pandemic era. Methods A cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CIRCB) on 288 stored plasma samples (163 HIV-positive versus 125 HIV-negative); all collected in 2017-2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic era. Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM assay was used for detecting SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM). Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), HIV-1 viral load and TCD4 cell count (LTCD4) were measured using Abbott Real Time PCR and BD FACSCalibur respectively. Statistical analyses were performed, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results The median [IQR] age was 25 [15-38] years. Overall seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 13.5% (39/288) of which 7.3% (21) was IgG, 7.3% (21) IgM and 1.0% (3) IgG/IgM. According to HIV-status in the study population, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 11.0% (18/163) among HIV-positive versus 16.8% (21/125) among HIV-negative respectively, p=0.21. Specifically, IgG was 6.1% (10/163) versus 8.8% (11/125), p=0.26; IgM was 5.5% (9/163) versus 9.6%, (12/125), p=0.13 and IgG/IgM was 0.6% (1/163) versus 1.6% (2/125) respectively. Among PLHIV, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity according to CD4 count was 9.2% (≥500 cells/µL) versus 1.8% (200-499 cells/µL), (OR=3.5; p=0.04) and 0.6% (<200 cells/µL), (OR=17.7; p<0.01). According to viral load, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 6.7% (≥40 copies/mL) versus 4.9% (<40 copies/mL), (OR= 3.8; p<0.01). Conclusion Before COVID-19 in Cameroon, cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were in circulation, indicating COVID-19 preexisting immunity. This preexisting immunity may contribute in attenuating disease severity in tropical settings like Cameroon. Of relevance, COVID-19 preexisting immunity is lower with HIV-infection, specifically with viral replication and poor CD4-cell count. As poor CD4-count leads to lower cross-reactive antibodies (regardless of viral load), people living with HIV appear more vulnerable to COVID-19 and should be prioritized for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abba Aissatou
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Serology Unit, Garoua Regional Health Centre, Garoua, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory Unit, Operations sections, National Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Désiré Takou
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aude Christelle Ka’e
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Collins Chenwi Ambe
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of General Medicine, Mvangan District Hospital, Mvangan, Cameroon
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Sandrine Claire Djupsa
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Grâce Beloumou
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Laura Ciaffi
- Project Coordinator, National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Audrey Rachel Mundo Nayang
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Willy Leroi Togna Pabo
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - René Ghislain Essomba
- Laboratory Unit, Operations sections, National Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Marie-Claire Okomo
- Laboratory Unit, Operations sections, National Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Rose Leke
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- The Biotechnology Center of the University of Yaounde I and the Ministry of Scientific Research, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Yap Boum
- Laboratory Unit, Operations sections, National Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Georges Alain Etoundi Mballa
- Laboratory Unit, Operations sections, National Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Division of Disease, Epidemic and Pandemic Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Laboratory of virology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Center for Research HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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12
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Sandie AB, Tejiokem MC, Faye CM, Hamadou A, Abah AA, Mbah SS, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo PA, Njouom R, Eyangoh S, Abanda NK, Diarra M, Ben Miled S, Tchuente M, Tchatchueng-Mbougua JB, Tchatchueng-Mbougua JB. Observed versus estimated actual trend of COVID-19 case numbers in Cameroon: A data-driven modelling. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:228-239. [PMID: 36776734 PMCID: PMC9905042 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the COVID-19 outbreak remains a challenge for Cameroon, as it is for many other countries worldwide. The number of confirmed cases reported by health authorities in Cameroon is based on observational data, which is not nationally representative. The actual extent of the outbreak from the time when the first case was reported in the country to now remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate and model the actual trend in the number of COVID -19 new infections in Cameroon from March 05, 2020 to May 31, 2021 based on an observed disaggregated dataset. We used a large disaggregated dataset, and multilevel regression and poststratification model was applied prospectively for COVID-19 cases trend estimation in Cameroon from March 05, 2020 to May 31, 2021. Subsequently, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) modeling was used for forecasting purposes. Based on the prospective MRP modeling findings, a total of about 7450935 (30%) of COVID-19 cases was estimated from March 05, 2020 to May 31, 2021 in Cameroon. Generally, the reported number of COVID-19 infection cases in Cameroon during this period underestimated the estimated actual number by about 94 times. The forecasting indicated a succession of two waves of the outbreak in the next two years following May 31, 2021. If no action is taken, there could be many waves of the outbreak in the future. To avoid such situations which could be a threat to global health, public health authorities should effectively monitor compliance with preventive measures in the population and implement strategies to increase vaccination coverage in the population.
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Key Words
- ACF, Autocorrelation Function
- AIC, Akaike information criterion
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019
- Cameroon
- Forecasting
- MAE, Mean Absolute Error
- MAPE, Mean Absolute Percentage Error
- MASE, Mean Absolute Scaled Error
- ME, Mean Error
- MPE, Mean Percentage Error
- MRP, Multilevel Regression and Post-stratification
- Observed
- PACF, Partial Autocorrelation Function
- PLACARD, Platform for Collecting, Analyzing and Reporting Data
- Post-stratification
- SARIMA, Seasonal Autoregressive integrated moving average
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- Underestimated
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsène Brunelle Sandie
- African Population and Health Research Center, West Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal,Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon,Corresponding author. African Population and Health Research Center, West Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | - Cheikh Mbacké Faye
- African Population and Health Research Center, West Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Achta Hamadou
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | - Aristide Abah Abah
- Direction de la lutte contre les Maladies épidémiques et les pandémies, Ministère de la santé publique, Cameroon
| | - Serge Sadeuh Mbah
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | | | - Richard Njouom
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | - Sara Eyangoh
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | - Ngu Karl Abanda
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Maurice Tchuente
- Fondation pour la recherche l'ingénierie et l'innovation, Cameroon,IRD UMI 209 UMMISCO, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jules Brice Tchatchueng-Mbougua
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon,IRD UMI 209 UMMISCO, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jules Brice Tchatchueng-Mbougua
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, membre du Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Cameroon,IRD UMI 209 UMMISCO, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
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13
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Kamga Wouambo R, Djuikoué CI, Esemu LF, Kagoue Simeni LA, Tchitchoua MC, Djouela Djoulako PD, Fokam J, Singwe-Ngandeu M, Mpoudi Ngolé E, Apalata T. Comparative Performance of Serological (IgM/IgG) and Molecular Testing (RT-PCR) of COVID-19 in Three Private Universities in Cameroon during the Pandemic. Viruses 2023; 15:407. [PMID: 36851621 PMCID: PMC9966400 DOI: 10.3390/v15020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 remains a rapidly evolving and deadly pandemic worldwide. This necessitates the continuous assessment of existing diagnostic tools for a robust, up-to-date, and cost-effective pandemic response strategy. We sought to determine the infection rate (PCR-positivity) and degree of spread (IgM/IgG) of SARS-CoV-2 in three university settings in Cameroon Method: Study volunteers were recruited from November 2020 to July 2021 among COVID-19 non-vaccinated students in three Universities from two regions of Cameroon (West and Centre). Molecular testing was performed by RT-qPCR on nasopharyngeal swabs, and IgM/IgG antibodies in plasma were detected using the Abbott Panbio IgM/IgG rapid diagnostic test (RDT) at the Virology Laboratory of CREMER/IMPM/MINRESI. The molecular and serological profiles were compared, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Amongst the 291 participants enrolled (mean age 22.59 ± 10.43 years), 19.59% (57/291) were symptomatic and 80.41% (234/291) were asymptomatic. The overall COVID-19 PCR-positivity rate was 21.31% (62/291), distributed as follows: 25.25% from UdM-Bangangte, 27.27% from ISSBA-Yaounde, and 5% from IUEs/INSAM-Yaounde. Women were more affected than men (28.76% [44/153] vs. 13.04% [18/138], p < 0.0007), and had higher seropositivity rates to IgM+/IgG+ (15.69% [24/153] vs. 7.25% [10/138], p < 0.01). Participants from Bangangté, the nomadic, and the "non-contact cases" primarily presented an active infection compared to those from Yaoundé (p= 0.05, p = 0.05, and p = 0.01, respectively). Overall IgG seropositivity (IgM-/IgG+ and IgM+/IgG+) was 24.4% (71/291). A proportion of 26.92% (7/26) presenting COVID-19 IgM+/IgG- had negative PCR vs. 73.08% (19/26) with positive PCR, p < 0.0001. Furthermore, 17.65% (6/34) with COVID-19 IgM+/IgG+ had a negative PCR as compared to 82.35% with a positive PCR (28/34), p < 0.0001. Lastly, 7.22% (14/194) with IgM-/IgG- had a positive PCR. CONCLUSION This study calls for a rapid preparedness and response strategy in higher institutes in the case of any future pathogen with pandemic or epidemic potential. The observed disparity between IgG/IgM and the viral profile supports prioritizing assays targeting the virus (nucleic acid or antigen) for diagnosis and antibody screening for sero-surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Kamga Wouambo
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte, Cameroon
| | - Cecile Ingrid Djuikoué
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Science, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon
| | - Livo Forgu Esemu
- Laboratory of Fundamental Virology, Centre for Research on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases (CREMER), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Luc Aime Kagoue Simeni
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Paule Dana Djouela Djoulako
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Eitel Mpoudi Ngolé
- Laboratory of Fundamental Virology, Centre for Research on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases (CREMER), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Teke Apalata
- Faculty of Health Sciences & National Health Laboratory Services, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa
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14
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Deutou Wondeu AL, Talom BM, Linardos G, Ngoumo BT, Bello A, Ndassi Soufo AM, Momo AC, Doll C, Tamuedjoun AT, Kiuate JR, Cappelli G, Russo C, Perno CF, Tchidjou HK, Scaramella L, Galgani A. The COVID-19 wave was already here: High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among staff and students in a Cameroon University. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2242. [PMID: 36798849 PMCID: PMC9926561 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seroprevalence studies, to estimate the proportion of people that has been infected by SARS-CoV-2 are importance in African countries, where incidence is among the lowest in the world. Objective This study aimed at evaluating the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within a university setting of Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study performed in December 2020 - December 2021, among students and staffs of the Evangelical University of Cameroon. COVID-19 antigen rapid detection test (RDT) was performed using Standard Q Biosensor, and one year after SARS-CoV-2 antibody-test was performed within the same population using RDT and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Results 106 participants were enrolled (80% students), female sex was the most represented. Positivity to SARS-CoV-2 was 0.0% based on antigen RDTs. The seroprevalence of SARSCoV- 2 antibodies was estimated at 73.6% (95% CI. 64.5-81.0) for IgG and 1.9% (95% CI. 0.2-6.8) for IgM/IgG with RDTs, and 91.9% (95% CI. 84.7-96.4) for anti-nucleocapsid with CLIA. 95.3% (101) reported having developed at least one of the known COVID-19 symptoms (cough and headache being the most common). 90.3% (28) of people who experienced at least one of these symptoms developed IgG antibodies. 40.6% (43) of participants took natural herbs, whereas 55.7% (59) took conventional drugs. The most used herb was Zingiber officinale, while the most used drugs were antibiotics. Conclusion In this Cameroonian University community, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence is high, with a greater detection using advanced serological assays. This indicates a wide viral exposure, and the need to adequate control measures especially for those experiencing any related COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrillene Laure Deutou Wondeu
- Laboratory of molecular biology and immunopathology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon
- Department of Biology and Interdipartimental Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Metchum Talom
- Laboratory of molecular biology and immunopathology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | | | - Barnes Tanetsop Ngoumo
- Laboratory of molecular biology and immunopathology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Aïchatou Bello
- Laboratory of molecular biology and immunopathology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Aurele Marc Ndassi Soufo
- Laboratory of molecular biology and immunopathology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Aimé Cesaire Momo
- Laboratory of molecular biology and immunopathology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Christian Doll
- Laboratory of molecular biology and immunopathology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alaric Talom Tamuedjoun
- Laboratory of molecular biology and immunopathology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Jules-Roger Kiuate
- Laboratory of molecular biology and immunopathology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Giulia Cappelli
- Institute for Biological Systems, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Scaramella
- Unit of Food Biotechnology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M.Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Galgani
- Department of Biology and Interdipartimental Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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15
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Deutou Wondeu AL, Abdelrazakh F, Abakar MF, Yandai FH, Nodjikouambaye AZ, Djimtoibaye D, Kimala P, Nadjiadjim N, Naïbeï N, Takoudjou Dzomo GR, Atturo S, Linardos G, Russo C, Perno CF, Moussa AM, Yokouide A, Tchidjou HK, Colizzi V, Choua O. High seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the capital of Chad. J Public Health Afr 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2022.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chad has had 7,417 confirmed cases and 193 deaths, one of the lowest in Africa. Objective. This study assessed SARS-CoV-2 immunity in N’Djamena. Methods. In August-October 2021, eleven N’Djamena hospitals collected outpatient data and samples. IgG antibodies against SARSCoV- 2 nucleocapsid protein were identified using ELISA. “Bambino Gesù” Laboratory, Rome, Italy, performed external quality control with chemiluminescence assay. Results. 25-34-year-old (35.2%) made up the largest age group at 31.9 12.6 years. 56.4% were women, 1.3 women/men. The 7th district had 22.5% and the 1st 22.3%. Housewives and students dominated. Overall seroprevalence was 69.5% (95% CI: 67.7-71.3), females 68.2% (65.8-70.5) and males 71.2% (68.6-73.8). >44-year-old had 73.9% seroprevalence. Under-15s were 57.4% positive. Housewives (70.9%), civil servants (71.5%), and health workers (9.7%) had the highest antibody positivity. N’Djamena’s 9th district had 73.1% optimism and the 3rd district had 52.5%. Seroprevalences were highest at Good Samaritan Hospital (75.4%) and National General Referral Hospital (74.7%). Conclusion. Our findings indicate a high circulation of SARSCoV- 2 in N’Djamena, despite low mortality and morbidity after the first two COVID-19 pandemic waves. This high seroprevalence must be considered in Chad’s vaccine policy.
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16
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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Okitale-Talunda P, Mpingabo-Ilunga P, Yambayamba MK, Tshiminyi PM, Umba-Phuati A, Kimfuta J, Phukuta FA, Makindu G, Mufwaya-Nsene R, Asari R, Makimoto S, Baketana LK, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Isono M, Nsio-Mbeta J, Makiala-Mandanda S, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ. High Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Prevalence After the Third Epidemic Wave (May-October 2021) in Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad023. [PMID: 36726537 PMCID: PMC9887263 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background By the end of the third wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic (May-October 2021), only 3130 of the 57 268 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were reported in Kongo Central. This province, and especially its capital city, Matadi, has essential trade and exchanges with Kinshasa, the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in DRC. Kinshasa accounted for 60.0% of all cases during the same period. The true burden of COVID-19 in Matadi is likely underestimated. In this study, we aimed to determine the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence and associated risk factors after the third wave in Matadi. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in October 2021. Consenting participants were interviewed and tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay commercial kit. We applied univariable and multivariable analysis to evaluate factors associated with seropositivity and adjusted the seroprevalence for the test kit performance. Results We included 2210 participants from 489 households. Female participants represented 59.1%. The median age was 27 years (interquartile range, 16-45 years). The crude SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 82.3%. Age was identified as the main risk factor as younger age decreased the seropositivity odds. Accounting for clustering at the household level increased the seroprevalence to 83.2%. The seroprevalence increased further to 88.1% (95% confidence interval, 86.2%-90.1%) after correcting for the laboratory test kit performance. Conclusions The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was very high, contrasting with reported cases. Evidence generated from this population-based survey remains relevant in guiding the local COVID-19 response, especially vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Munyeku-Bazitama
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patient Okitale-Talunda
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patrick Mpingabo-Ilunga
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marc K Yambayamba
- Département d’Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paul M Tshiminyi
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aimé Umba-Phuati
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jacques Kimfuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ferdinand A Phukuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Goethe Makindu
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Ryoko Asari
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lionel K Baketana
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mitsuo Isono
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Justus Nsio-Mbeta
- Direction de Surveillance Epidémiologique, Ministère de la Santé, Hygiène et Prévention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sheila Makiala-Mandanda
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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17
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Baroncelli S, Galluzzo CM, Orlando S, Mphwere R, Kavalo T, Luhanga R, Amici R, Floridia M, Andreotti M, Scarcella P, Marazzi MC, Giuliano M. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Malawian infants between February 2020 and May 2021. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022; 2:100110. [PMID: 36128323 PMCID: PMC9477783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very limited information is available on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in infants in sub-Saharan countries. Objective In this study, we aimed to determine the rate and the temporal evolution of SARS CoV-2 seropositivity in breastfed Malawian infants. Study design Blood samples (n = 250) from 158 infants, born to HIV-negative women and women living with HIV, collected from February 2020 to May 2021, were first tested using an Anti-IgG/A/M SARS CoV 2 ELISA assay against trimeric spike protein, and then, if positive, confirmed using a second ELISA assay detecting IgG against Receptor Binding Domain. Results The confirmed prevalence of anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies was 31.0% (95% CI: 23.7%-38.3%) with no significant difference between HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants (29.3% and 37.1% respectively, P = 0.410). The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was not associated with maternal socioeconomic or demographic indices. Conclusions Our data underline the wide spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population in sub-Saharan Africa. Design of more specific serological tests for African samples and improvements in serosurveillance programs are needed for more rigorous monitoring of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baroncelli
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Clementina Maria Galluzzo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Orlando
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Mphwere
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Thom Kavalo
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Richard Luhanga
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Roberta Amici
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Floridia
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Scarcella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marina Giuliano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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18
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Kogan NE, Gantt S, Swerdlow D, Viboud C, Semakula M, Lipsitch M, Santillana M. Leveraging Serosurveillance and Postmortem Surveillance to Quantify the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:424-432. [PMID: 36196586 PMCID: PMC9619616 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a devastating impact on global health, the magnitude of which appears to differ intercontinentally: For example, reports suggest that 271 900 per million people have been infected in Europe versus 8800 per million people in Africa. While Africa is the second-largest continent by population, its reported COVID-19 cases comprise <3% of global cases. Although social and environmental explanations have been proposed to clarify this discrepancy, systematic underascertainment of infections may be equally responsible. METHODS We sought to quantify magnitudes of underascertainment in COVID-19's cumulative incidence in Africa. Using serosurveillance and postmortem surveillance, we constructed multiplicative factors estimating ratios of true infections to reported cases in Africa since March 2020. RESULTS Multiplicative factors derived from serology data (subset of 12 nations) suggested a range of COVID-19 reporting rates, from 1 in 2 infections reported in Cape Verde (July 2020) to 1 in 3795 infections reported in Malawi (June 2020). A similar set of multiplicative factors for all nations derived from postmortem data points toward the same conclusion: Reported COVID-19 cases are unrepresentative of true infections, suggesting that a key reason for low case burden in many African nations is significant underdetection and underreporting. CONCLUSIONS While estimating the exact burden of COVID-19 is challenging, the multiplicative factors we present furnish incidence estimates reflecting likely-to-worst-case ranges of infection. Our results stress the need for expansive surveillance to allocate resources in areas experiencing discrepancies between reported cases, projected infections, and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Kogan
- Correspondence: N. Kogan, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Suite 506, Boston, MA 02115 (); M. Santillana, Machine Intelligence Lab for the Betterment of Health and the Environment, Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, 177 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02111 ()
| | | | - David Swerdlow
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Marc Lipsitch
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Kolawole OM, Tomori O, Agbonlahor D, Ekanem E, Bakare R, Abdulsalam N, Okojie O, Braide E, Uzochukwu B, Rafindadi A, Bello S, Shehu S, Gureje O, Lecky M, Onwujekwe O, Onyedum C, Ezike A, Bukbuk D, Ashir G, Anyaehie B, Amazigo U, Habib A, Ufere J, Azodoh N. SARS CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Selected States of High and Low Disease Burden in Nigeria. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2236053. [PMID: 36219441 PMCID: PMC9554701 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The global impact of COVID-19 has led to an increased need to continuously assess disease surveillance tools. The utility of SARS-CoV-2 serologic tools in determining immunity levels across different age groups and locations in helping to quickly assess the burden of COVID-19 with significant health policy implications is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with respect to the age group and sex of participants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional survey of 4904 individuals across 12 states with high and low COVID-19 disease burden in Nigeria was carried out between June 29 and August 21, 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the detection of specific SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies, such as the nucleocapsid protein-NCP and spike protein S1. Interviewer-administered questionnaires provided information on participants' history of disease and associated risk factors. RESULTS A total of 4904 individuals participated in the study (3033 were female [61.8%]; mean [SD] age, 26.7 [6.51] years). A high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (78.9%) was obtained. Seropositivity was consistent across the states surveyed, ranging from 69.8% in Lagos to 87.7% in Borno. There was no association between sex and seropositivity (female, 2414 [79.6%]; male, 1456 [77.8%]; P = .61); however, an association was noted between age and seropositivity, with the peak prevalence observed in participants aged 15 to 19 years (616 [83.6%]; P = .001). Similarly, loss of appetite (751 [82.3%]; P = .04) and smell (309 [84.4%]; P = .01) were associated with seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study, a high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was obtained among the study population during the low level of vaccination at the time of the survey. Thus, there is a need for both an efficacy and antibody neutralization test study to ascertain the efficacy of the antibody detected and the potential for herd immunity in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunji Matthew Kolawole
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oyewale Tomori
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Dennis Agbonlahor
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ekanem Ekanem
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Rasheed Bakare
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nasidi Abdulsalam
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Obehi Okojie
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Eka Braide
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Uzochukwu
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Abdulmumini Rafindadi
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Shaibu Bello
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sule Shehu
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oye Gureje
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Muhammed Lecky
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Obinna Onwujekwe
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Cajetan Onyedum
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adaobi Ezike
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - David Bukbuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Garba Ashir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Bond Anyaehie
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu
| | - Uche Amazigo
- Pan-African Community Initiative on Education and Health, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Abdulrajak Habib
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Joy Ufere
- World Health Organization Country Office, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Azodoh
- Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19-Health Sector Response, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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20
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Arnaldo P, Mabunda N, Young PW, Tran T, Sitoe N, Chelene I, Nhanombe A, Isamael N, Júnior A, Cubula B, Inlamea OF, Gudo E, Jani IV. Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies in the Mozambican Population: A Cross-Sectional Serologic Study in 3 Cities, July-August 2020. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S285-S293. [PMID: 35748663 PMCID: PMC9278262 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of population exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was uncertain in many African countries during the onset of the pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study and randomly selected and surveyed general population and occupational groups from 6 July to 24 August 2020, in 3 cities in Mozambique. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured using a point-of-care rapid test. The prevalence was weighted for population (by age, sex, and city) and adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS A total of 21 183 participants, including 11 143 from the general population and 10 040 from occupational groups, were included across all 3 cities. General population seropositivity (IgM or IgG) prevalence was 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0%-6.6%) in Pemba, 2.1% (95% CI, 1.2%-3.3%) in Maputo City, and 0.9% (95% CI, .1%-1.9%) in Quelimane. The prevalence in occupational groups ranged from 2.8% (95% CI, 1.3%-5.2%) to 5.9% (95% CI, 4.3%-8.0%) in Pemba, 0.3% (95% CI, .0%-2.2%) to 4.0% (95% CI, 2.6%-5.7%) in Maputo City, and 0.0% (95% CI, .0%-.7%) to 6.6% (95% CI, 3.8%-10.5%) in Quelimane, and showed variations between the groups tested. CONCLUSIONS In the first representative COVID-19 serosurveys in Mozambique, in mid-2020, weighted and assay-adjusted seroprevalence in 3 provincial capitals of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ranged from 0.9% to 3.0%, whereas adjusted prevalence in occupational groups ranged from 0.0% to 6.6% with variation between groups. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was extensive during the first pandemic wave, and transmission may have been more intense among occupational groups. These data have been of utmost importance to inform public health intervention to control and respond to the pandemic in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Arnaldo
- Corresponding author contact information Paulo Arnaldo INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SAÚDE (INS) EN1, Bairro da Vila - Parcela n°3943 Distrito de Marracuene Província de Maputo-Moçambique E-mail:
| | - Nédio Mabunda
- Departamento de Regulação e Promoção da Investigação em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Peter Wesley Young
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tiffany Tran
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nádia Sitoe
- Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Imelda Chelene
- Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Nália Isamael
- Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - António Júnior
- Departamento de Gestão e Coordenação da Investigação em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Basílio Cubula
- Departamento de Métodos, Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Maputo, Mozambique
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21
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Hajissa K, Islam MA, Hassan SA, Zaidah AR, Ismail N, Mohamed Z. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127257. [PMID: 35742506 PMCID: PMC9223681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A reliable estimate of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies is increasingly important to track the spread of infection and define the true burden of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted with the objective of estimating the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa. A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar electronic databases was conducted. Thirty-five eligible studies were included. Using meta-analysis of proportions, the overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was calculated as 16% (95% CI 13.1-18.9%). Based on antibody isotypes, 14.6% (95% CI 12.2-17.1%) and 11.5% (95% CI 8.7-14.2%) were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM, respectively, while 6.6% (95% CI 4.9-8.3%) were tested positive for both IgM and IgG. Healthcare workers (16.3%) had higher seroprevalence than the general population (11.7%), blood donors (7.5%) and pregnant women (5.7%). The finding of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) may not accurately reflect the true seroprevalence status of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa, hence, further seroprevalence studies across Africa are required to assess and monitor the growing COVID-19 burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hajissa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (K.H.); (S.A.H.); (A.R.Z.); (N.I.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman 14415, Sudan
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: or (M.A.I.); (Z.M.)
| | - Siti Asma Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (K.H.); (S.A.H.); (A.R.Z.); (N.I.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Zaidah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (K.H.); (S.A.H.); (A.R.Z.); (N.I.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (K.H.); (S.A.H.); (A.R.Z.); (N.I.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zeehaida Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (K.H.); (S.A.H.); (A.R.Z.); (N.I.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or (M.A.I.); (Z.M.)
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22
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Maiga AI, Saliou M, Kodio A, Traore AM, Dabo G, Flandre P, Fofana DB, Ammour K, Tra NOME, Dolo O, Marcelin AG, Todesco E. High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among health care workers in Bamako referral hospitals: a prospective multisite cross-sectional study (ANRS COV11). Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:900-902. [PMID: 35182761 PMCID: PMC8848726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almoustapha I Maiga
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali; Unité d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire de la Résistance du VIH aux ARV, UCRC/SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou Saliou
- Service de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Kodio
- Unité d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire de la Résistance du VIH aux ARV, UCRC/SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye M Traore
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point-G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Garan Dabo
- Service de Médecine, Hôpital du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Philippe Flandre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Djeneba B Fofana
- Unité d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire de la Résistance du VIH aux ARV, UCRC/SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Virologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Nanzie O M E Tra
- Unité d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire de la Résistance du VIH aux ARV, UCRC/SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar Dolo
- Unité d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire de la Résistance du VIH aux ARV, UCRC/SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Eve Todesco
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France.
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23
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El-Ghitany EM, Ashour A, Farghaly AG, Hashish MH, Omran EA. Predictors of anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity: An Egyptian population-based study. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2022; 1:113-123. [PMID: 38013717 PMCID: PMC9212586 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Population-based studies on the determinants of COVID-19 seroprevalence constitute a cornerstone in guiding appropriate preventive measures. Such studies are scarce in Egypt, thus we conducted this study to explore risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Methods This survey included 2919 participants from 10 Egyptian governorates. Sera were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antibodies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associated factors and predictors of seropositivity regarding sociodemographic factors, clinical data, and personal practices of participants. A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the occupational risks of seropositivity. Results Seropositivity was recorded in 1564 participants (53.6%). Independent predictors of seropositivity included non-smokers (aOR = 1.817; 95% CI: 1.407-2.346, p = 0.000), having blood group A (aOR = 1.231; 95% CI: 1.016-1.493, p = 0.034), a history of COVID-19 infection (aOR = 2.997; 95% CI: 2.176-4.127, p = 0.000), COVID-19 vaccination (aOR = 4.349; 95%CI: 2.798-6.759, p = 0.000), higher crowding index (aOR = 1.229; 95% CI: 1.041-1.451, p = 0.015), anosmia and/or ageusia (aOR = 3.453; 95% CI: 2.661-4.481, p = 0.000) and history of fever (aOR = 1.269; 95% CI: 1.033-1.560, p = 0.023). Healthcare worker and Obesity/overweight were additional significant predictors of seropositivity among the working participants (aOR = 1.760; 95% CI: 1.301-2.381, p = 0.000 and aOR = 1.384; 95% CI: 1.059-1.808, p = 0.019, respectively). Additional factors showing association with seropositivity in the univariate analysis were: female gender, age group (15-39 years), higher educational level (preparatory and above), lack of environmental disinfection and having roommates at the workplace. There was a positive correlation between the titers of both antibodies. Age was weakly correlated with anti-S titer, while anti-N was significantly correlated with the number of protective measures applied by the participants. Both antibodies were significantly correlated with adult BMI, while both were significantly negatively correlated with the smoking index. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was associated with some personal and behavioral and occupation-related factors. Fever and anosmia and/or ageusia were the symptoms mostly associated with seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayat Ashour
- Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza Galal Farghaly
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hashish
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A Omran
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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24
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Bwire G, Ario AR, Eyu P, Ocom F, Wamala JF, Kusi KA, Ndeketa L, Jambo KC, Wanyenze RK, Talisuna AO. The COVID-19 pandemic in the African continent. BMC Med 2022; 20:167. [PMID: 35501853 PMCID: PMC9059455 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and associated disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was identified in China. This virus spread quickly and in March, 2020, it was declared a pandemic. Scientists predicted the worst scenario to occur in Africa since it was the least developed of the continents in terms of human development index, lagged behind others in achievement of the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs), has inadequate resources for provision of social services, and has many fragile states. In addition, there were relatively few research reporting findings on COVID-19 in Africa. On the contrary, the more developed countries reported higher disease incidences and mortality rates. However, for Africa, the earlier predictions and modelling into COVID-19 incidence and mortality did not fit into the reality. Therefore, the main objective of this forum is to bring together infectious diseases and public health experts to give an overview of COVID-19 in Africa and share their thoughts and opinions on why Africa behaved the way it did. Furthermore, the experts highlight what needs to be done to support Africa to consolidate the status quo and overcome the negative effects of COVID-19 so as to accelerate attainment of the SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Bwire
- Department of Integrated Epidemiology Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, P.O Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Patricia Eyu
- Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Felix Ocom
- Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Kwadwo A. Kusi
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Latif Ndeketa
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kondwani C. Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhoda K. Wanyenze
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ambrose O. Talisuna
- Epidemic Preparedness and Response Cluster, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
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25
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Nachega JB, Sam-Agudu NA, Machekano RN, Rabie H, van der Zalm MM, Redfern A, Dramowski A, O’Connell N, Pipo MT, Tshilanda MB, Byamungu LN, Masekela R, Jeena PM, Pillay A, Gachuno OW, Kinuthia J, Ishoso DK, Amoako E, Agyare E, Agbeno EK, Martyn-Dickens C, Sylverken J, Enimil A, Jibril AM, Abdullahi AM, Amadi O, Umar UM, Sigwadhi LN, Hermans MP, Otokoye JO, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Zumla A, Sewankambo NK, Aanyu HT, Musoke P, Suleman F, Adejumo P, Noormahomed EV, Deckelbaum RJ, Fowler MG, Tshilolo L, Smith G, Mills EJ, Umar LW, Siedner MJ, Kruger M, Rosenthal PJ, Mellors JW, Mofenson LM. Assessment of Clinical Outcomes Among Children and Adolescents Hospitalized With COVID-19 in 6 Sub-Saharan African Countries. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:e216436. [PMID: 35044430 PMCID: PMC8771438 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.6436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Little is known about COVID-19 outcomes among children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, where preexisting comorbidities are prevalent. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical outcomes and factors associated with outcomes among children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 in 6 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was a retrospective record review of data from 25 hospitals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Uganda from March 1 to December 31, 2020, and included 469 hospitalized patients aged 0 to 19 years with SARS-CoV-2 infection. EXPOSURES Age, sex, preexisting comorbidities, and region of residence. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES An ordinal primary outcome scale was used comprising 5 categories: (1) hospitalization without oxygen supplementation, (2) hospitalization with oxygen supplementation, (3) ICU admission, (4) invasive mechanical ventilation, and (5) death. The secondary outcome was length of hospital stay. RESULTS Among 469 hospitalized children and adolescents, the median age was 5.9 years (IQR, 1.6-11.1 years); 245 patients (52.4%) were male, and 115 (24.5%) had comorbidities. A total of 39 patients (8.3%) were from central Africa, 172 (36.7%) from eastern Africa, 208 (44.3%) from southern Africa, and 50 (10.7%) from western Africa. Eighteen patients had suspected (n = 6) or confirmed (n = 12) multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Thirty-nine patients (8.3%) died, including 22 of 69 patients (31.9%) who required intensive care unit admission and 4 of 18 patients (22.2%) with suspected or confirmed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Among 468 patients, 418 (89.3%) were discharged, and 16 (3.4%) remained hospitalized. The likelihood of outcomes with higher vs lower severity among children younger than 1 year expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 4.89 (95% CI, 1.44-16.61) times higher than that of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. The presence of hypertension (aOR, 5.91; 95% CI, 1.89-18.50), chronic lung disease (aOR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.65-5.37), or a hematological disorder (aOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.04-9.24) was associated with severe outcomes. Age younger than 1 year (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [asHR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27-0.87), the presence of 1 comorbidity (asHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40-0.72), and the presence of 2 or more comorbidities (asHR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.18-0.38) were associated with reduced rates of hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, high rates of morbidity and mortality were observed among infants and patients with noncommunicable disease comorbidities, suggesting that COVID-19 vaccination and therapeutic interventions are needed for young populations in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean B. Nachega
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Center for Global Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nadia A. Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Rhoderick N. Machekano
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helena Rabie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marieke M. van der Zalm
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Redfern
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Angela Dramowski
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natasha O’Connell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michel Tshiasuma Pipo
- Department of Public Health, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Ethnopharmacologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université Notre-Dame du Kasayi, Kananga, Democratic Republic of the Congo,Unit of Sickle Cell Disease and Clinical Research, Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marc B. Tshilanda
- Unit of Sickle Cell Disease and Clinical Research, Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Liliane Nsuli Byamungu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Refiloe Masekela
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prakash Mohan Jeena
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ashendri Pillay
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Onesmus W. Gachuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Kinuthia
- Department of Research and Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Katuashi Ishoso
- Community Health Department, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuella Amoako
- Department of Pediatrics, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elizabeth Agyare
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast and Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Evans K. Agbeno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast and Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Justice Sylverken
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana,Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony Enimil
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana,Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aishatu Mohammed Jibril
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Asara M. Abdullahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Oma Amadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Umar Mohammed Umar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Lovemore Nyasha Sigwadhi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michel P. Hermans
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Otshudiema Otokoye
- Health Emergencies Program, COVID-19 Response, World Health Organization, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Placide Mbala-Kingebeni
- National Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- National Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nelson K. Sewankambo
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Philippa Musoke
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fatima Suleman
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prisca Adejumo
- Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Richard J. Deckelbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mary Glenn Fowler
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Léon Tshilolo
- Department of Pediatrics, Official University of Mbuji-Mayi, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo,Le Centre de Formation et d'Appui Sanitaire, Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gerald Smith
- Department of Real World and Advanced Analytics, Cytel, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edward J. Mills
- Department of Real World and Advanced Analytics, Cytel, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawal W. Umar
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mark J. Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mariana Kruger
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - John W. Mellors
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lynne M. Mofenson
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia
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26
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Chaves DG, Takahashi RHC, Campelo F, da Silva Malta MCF, de Oliveira IR, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Ribeiro MA, Martins ML. SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seroprevalence among Blood Donors as a Monitor of the COVID-19 Epidemic, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:734-742. [PMID: 35180375 PMCID: PMC8962887 DOI: 10.3201/eid2804.211961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During epidemics, data from different sources can provide information on varying aspects of the epidemic process. Serology-based epidemiologic surveys could be used to compose a consistent epidemic scenario. We assessed the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG in serum samples collected from 7,837 blood donors in 7 cities of Brazil during March–December 2020. Based on our results, we propose a modification in a compartmental model that uses reported number of SARS-CoV-2 cases and serology results from blood donors as inputs and delivers estimates of hidden variables, such as daily values of SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates and cumulative incidence rate of reported and unreported SARS-CoV-2 cases. We concluded that the information about cumulative incidence of a disease in a city’s population can be obtained by testing serum samples collected from blood donors. Our proposed method also can be extended to surveillance of other infectious diseases.
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27
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Somboro AM, Cissoko Y, Camara I, Kodio O, Tolofoudie M, Dembele E, Togo ACG, Ba DM, Sarro YDS, Baya B, Samake S, Diallo IB, Kumar A, Traore M, Kone B, Kone A, Diarra B, Dabitao DK, Wague M, Dabo G, Doumbia S, Holl JL, Murphy RL, Diallo S, Maiga AI, Maiga M, Dao S. High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers in Bamako, Mali. Viruses 2022; 14:102. [PMID: 35062306 PMCID: PMC8780908 DOI: 10.3390/v14010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mali, a country in West Africa, cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain enigmatically low, despite a series of waves, circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the country's weak healthcare system, and a general lack of adherence to public health mitigation measures. The goal of the study was to determine whether exposure is important by assessing the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in HCWs. The study was conducted between November 2020 and June 2021. HCWs in the major hospitals where COVID-19 cases were being cared for in the capital city, Bamako, Mali, were recruited. During the study period, vaccinations were not yet available. The ELISA of the IgG against the spike protein was optimized and quantitatively measured. A total of 240 HCWs were enrolled in the study, of which seropositivity was observed in 147 cases (61.8%). A continuous increase in the seropositivity was observed, over time, during the study period, from 50% at the beginning to 70% at the end of the study. HCWs who provided direct care to COVID-19 patients and were potentially highly exposed did not have the highest seropositivity rate. Vulnerable HCWs with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and asthma had even higher seropositivity rates at 77.8%, 75.0%, and 66.7%, respectively. Overall, HCWs had high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, likely reflecting a "herd" immunity level, which could be protective at some degrees. These data suggest that the low number of cases and deaths among HCWs in Mali is not due to a lack of occupational exposure to the virus but rather related to other factors that need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anou M. Somboro
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X5, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Yacouba Cissoko
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Point “G” University Teaching Hospital, Bamako PB 1805, Mali
| | - Issiaka Camara
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Ousmane Kodio
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mohamed Tolofoudie
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Etienne Dembele
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Antieme C. G. Togo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Djibril M. Ba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Yeya dit Sadio Sarro
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Bocar Baya
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Seydou Samake
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Ibrahim B. Diallo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Alisha Kumar
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Mohamed Traore
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Bourahima Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Amadou Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Bassirou Diarra
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Djeneba K. Dabitao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mamadou Wague
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Garan Dabo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Jane L. Holl
- Department of Neurology and Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Robert L. Murphy
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Souleymane Diallo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Almoustapha I. Maiga
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Sounkalo Dao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) Laboratory, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako PB 1805, Mali; (Y.C.); (I.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.); (A.C.G.T.); (Y.d.S.S.); (B.B.); (S.S.); (I.B.D.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (B.D.); (D.K.D.); (M.W.); (G.D.); (S.D.); (S.D.); (A.I.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Point “G” University Teaching Hospital, Bamako PB 1805, Mali
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García-García E, Rodríguez-Pérez M, Pérez-Solís D, Pérez-Méndez C, Molinos-Norniella C, Cobo-Ruisánchez Á, Fernández Fernández EM, González NG, Calle-Miguel L. Variation in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children in the region of Asturias, Northern Spain. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:835-844. [PMID: 36169886 PMCID: PMC9514983 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Updated seroprevalence estimates are important to describe the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) landscape and to guide public health decisions. The aims are to describe longitudinal changes in seroprevalence in children in a region in Northern Spain and to analyze factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. METHODS Prospective multicenter longitudinal study with subjects recruited from July to September 2020. Children (up to 14 years old) were included and followed up until September 2021. Venous blood samples were collected every six months during three testing rounds and were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The data regarding epidemiological features, contact tracing, symptoms, and virological tests were collected. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the study and the differences between children with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests were analyzed. RESULTS Two hundred children were recruited (50.5% girls, median age 9.7 years). The overall seroprevalence increased from round 1 [1.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3%-4.3%] to round 2 (9.1%, 95% CI 4.6%-12.7%) and round 3 (16.6%, 95% CI 9.5%-19.6%) (P < 0.001). Main changes occurred in children aged zero to four years (P = 0.001) who lived in urban areas (P < 0.001). None of the children who were previously positive became seronegative. Following multivariable analysis, three variables independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were identified: close contact with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed or suspected cases [odds ratio (OR) = 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-12.5], previous positive virological test (OR = 17.1, 95% CI 3.7-78.3) and fatigue (OR = 18.1, 95% CI 1.7-193.4). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children has remarkably increased during the time of our study. Fatigue was the only COVID-19-compatible symptom that was more frequent in seropositive than in seronegative children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa García-García
- Pediatrics Department, Centro de Salud Laviada, Calle Juanín de Mieres, 8, 33207, Gijón, Spain.
| | | | - David Pérez-Solís
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario San Agustín, Avilés, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángeles Cobo-Ruisánchez
- Pediatrics Department, Centro de Salud Laviada, Calle Juanín de Mieres, 8, 33207, Gijón, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Calle-Miguel
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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29
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Kusi KA, Frimpong A, Partey FD, Lamptey H, Amoah LE, Ofori MF. High infectious disease burden as a basis for the observed high frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in sub-Saharan Africa. AAS Open Res 2021; 4:2. [PMID: 34729457 PMCID: PMC8524298 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13196.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the coronavirus outbreaks described as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, the world has again been challenged by yet another corona virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infections were first detected in a Chinese Province in December 2019 and then declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. An infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 may result in asymptomatic, uncomplicated or fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fatal disease has been linked with the uncontrolled "cytokine storm" manifesting with complications mostly in people with underlying cardiovascular and pulmonary disease conditions. The severity of COVID-19 disease and the associated mortality has been disproportionately lower in terms of number of cases and deaths in Africa and also Asia in comparison to Europe and North America. Also, persons of colour residing in Europe and North America have been identified as a highly susceptible population due to a combination of several socioeconomic factors and poor access to quality healthcare. Interestingly, this has not been the case in sub-Saharan Africa where majority of the population are even more deprived of the aforementioned factors. On the contrary, sub-Saharan Africa has recorded the lowest levels of mortality and morbidity associated with the disease, and an overwhelming proportion of infections are asymptomatic. Whilst it can be argued that these lower number of cases in Africa may be due to challenges associated with the diagnosis of the disease such as lack of trained personnel and infrastructure, the number of persons who get infected and develop symptoms is proportionally lower than those who are asymptomatic, including asymptomatic cases that are never diagnosed. This review discusses the most probable reasons for the significantly fewer cases of severe COVID-19 disease and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Augustina Frimpong
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Frederica Dedo Partey
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Helena Lamptey
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linda Eva Amoah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Fokuo Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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