1
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Lai C, Zhan J, Chai Q, Wang C, Yang X, He H, Huang B, Pan X. Dissolved carbon in biochar: Exploring its chemistry, iron complexing capability, toxicity in natural redox environment. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:217-229. [PMID: 39003041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved black carbon (DBC) plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water. However, the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been systematically studied. Here, the compositions of DBC released from biochar through redox processes dominated by bacteria and light were thoroughly studied. It was found that the DBC released from straw biochar possess more oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic substances. The content of phenolic and carboxylic groups in DBC was increased under influence of microorganisms and light, respectively. The concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increased from 10.0∼57.5 mmol/gC to 6.6 ∼65.2 mmol/gC, and the concentration of carboxyl groups increased from 49.7∼97.5 mmol/gC to 62.1 ∼113.3 mmol/gC. Then the impacts of DBC on pyrite dissolution and microalgae growth were also investigated. The complexing Fe3+ was proved to play a predominant role in the dissolution of ferrous mineral in DBC solution. Due to complexing between iron ion and DBC, the amount of dissolved Fe in aquatic water may rise as a result of elevated number of aromatic components with oxygen containing groups and low molecular weight generated under light conditions. Fe-DBC complexations in solution significantly promoted microalga growth, which might be attributed to the stimulating effect of dissolved Fe on the chlorophyll synthesis. The results of study will deepen our understanding of the behavior and ultimate destiny of DBC released into an iron-rich environment under redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Juhong Zhan
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Qiuyun Chai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Changlu Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Lian F, Xing B. From Bulk to Nano: Formation, Features, and Functions of Nano-Black Carbon in Biogeochemical Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:15910-15925. [PMID: 39189123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c07027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Globally increasing wildfires and widespread applications of biochar have led to a growing amount of black carbon (BC) entering terrestrial ecosystems. The significance of BC in carbon sequestration, environmental remediation, and the agricultural industry has long been recognized. However, the formation, features, and environmental functions of nanosized BC, which is one of the most active fractions in the BC continuum during global climate change, are poorly understood. This review highlights the formation, surface reactivity (sorption, redox, and heteroaggregation), biotic, and abiotic transformations of nano-BC, and its major differences compared to other fractions of BC and engineered carbon nanomaterials. Potential applications of nano-BC including suspending agent, soil amendment, and nanofertilizer are elucidated based on its unique properties and functions. Future studies are suggested to develop more reliable detection techniques to provide multidimensional information on nano-BC in environmental samples, explore the critical role of nano-BC in promoting soil and planetary health from a one health perspective, and extend the multifield applications of nano-BC with a lower environmental footprint but higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lian
- Institute of Pollution Control and Environmental Health, and School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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3
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Jiao N, Luo T, Chen Q, Zhao Z, Xiao X, Liu J, Jian Z, Xie S, Thomas H, Herndl GJ, Benner R, Gonsior M, Chen F, Cai WJ, Robinson C. The microbial carbon pump and climate change. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:408-419. [PMID: 38491185 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The ocean has been a regulator of climate change throughout the history of Earth. One key mechanism is the mediation of the carbon reservoir by refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC), which can either be stored in the water column for centuries or released back into the atmosphere as CO2 depending on the conditions. The RDOC is produced through a myriad of microbial metabolic and ecological processes known as the microbial carbon pump (MCP). Here, we review recent research advances in processes related to the MCP, including the distribution patterns and molecular composition of RDOC, links between the complexity of RDOC compounds and microbial diversity, MCP-driven carbon cycles across time and space, and responses of the MCP to a changing climate. We identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in the role of the MCP, particularly as a key component in integrated approaches combining the mechanisms of the biological and abiotic carbon pumps for ocean negative carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhi Jiao
- Innovation Research Center for Carbon Neutralization, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- UN Global ONCE joint focal points at Shandong University, University of East Anglia, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Tingwei Luo
- Innovation Research Center for Carbon Neutralization, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- UN Global ONCE joint focal points at Shandong University, University of East Anglia, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Quanrui Chen
- Innovation Research Center for Carbon Neutralization, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- UN Global ONCE joint focal points at Shandong University, University of East Anglia, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Innovation Research Center for Carbon Neutralization, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- UN Global ONCE joint focal points at Shandong University, University of East Anglia, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xilin Xiao
- Innovation Research Center for Carbon Neutralization, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- UN Global ONCE joint focal points at Shandong University, University of East Anglia, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- UN Global ONCE joint focal points at Shandong University, University of East Anglia, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhimin Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shucheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Helmuth Thomas
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard J Herndl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Benner
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Micheal Gonsior
- UN Global ONCE joint focal points at Shandong University, University of East Anglia, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- UN Global ONCE joint focal points at Shandong University, University of East Anglia, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Carol Robinson
- UN Global ONCE joint focal points at Shandong University, University of East Anglia, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Tang N, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Jiang L, Li N, Hu T, Lu L, Zhang J, Li X, Liang J. New Insights into Aggregation Behaviors of the UV-Irradiated Dissolved Biochars (DBioCs) in Aqueous Environments: Effects of Water Chemistries and Variation in the Hamaker Constant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8053-8064. [PMID: 38662987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of ubiquitous dissolved black carbon (DBC) largely affects the fate and transport of its own contaminants and the attached contaminants. However, the photoaging processes and resulting effects on its colloidal stability remain yet unknown. Herein, dissolved biochars (DBioCs) were extracted from common wheat straw biochar as a proxy for an anthropogenic DBC. The influences of UV radiation on their aggregation kinetics were systematically investigated under various water chemistries (pH, electrolytes, and protein). The environmental stability of the DBioCs before and after radiation was further verified in two natural water samples. Hamaker constants of pristine and photoaged DBioCs were derived according to Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) prediction, and its attenuation (3.19 ± 0.15 × 10-21 J to 1.55 ± 0.07 × 10-21 J after 7 days of radiation) was described with decay kinetic models. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the surface properties and aggregation behaviors of DBioCs were significantly correlated with radiation time (p < 0.05), indicating its profound effects. Based on characterization and experimental results, we proposed a three-stage mechanism (contended by photodecarboxylation, photo-oxidation, and mineral exposure) that DBioCs might experience under UV radiation. These findings would provide an important reference for potential phototransformation processes and relevant behavioral changes that DBC may encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Ziqian Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Lan Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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5
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Chen X, Jiang J, Hua L, Jia X, Bao R, Wang F. Pyrogenic Carbon Degradation by Galvanic Coupling with Sprayed Seawater Microdroplets. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8528-8535. [PMID: 38497738 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Surface waves are known for their mechanical role in coastal processes that influence the weather and climate. However, their chemical impact, particularly on the transformation of pyrogenic carbon, is poorly understood. Pyrogenic carbon is generally assumed to show negligible postformational alteration of its stable carbon isotope composition. Here we present an electrochemical interaction of pyrogenic carbon with the sprayed seawater microdroplets resulting from wave breaking, driven by the galvanic coupling between the microdroplet water-carbon interfaces and the microdroplet water-vapor interfaces. This enables refractory pyrogenic carbon to rapidly degrade via the oxygenation and mineralization reaction, which makes it ∼2.6‰ enriched in 13C, far exceeding the generally assumed postformation alteration values (<0.5‰) of pyrogenic carbon. The unique chemical dynamics of seawater microdroplets provide new insights into the discrepancy in carbon isotope signatures between riverine and marine black carbon, emphasizing the potential of coastal oceans for carbon sequestration in the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Zhang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiuquan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Rui Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Lab of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Coppola AI, Druffel ERM, Broek TA, Haghipour N, Eglinton TI, McCarthy M, Walker BD. Variable aging and storage of dissolved black carbon in the ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305030121. [PMID: 38517975 PMCID: PMC10990100 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During wildfires and fossil fuel combustion, biomass is converted to black carbon (BC) via incomplete combustion. BC enters the ocean by rivers and atmospheric deposition contributing to the marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. The fate of BC is considered to reside in the marine DOC pool, where the oldest BC 14C ages have been measured (>20,000 14C y), implying long-term storage. DOC is the largest exchangeable pool of organic carbon in the oceans, yet most DOC (>80%) remains molecularly uncharacterized. Here, we report 14C measurements on size-fractionated dissolved BC (DBC) obtained using benzene polycarboxylic acids as molecular tracers to constrain the sources and cycling of DBC and its contributions to refractory DOC (RDOC) in a site in the North Pacific Ocean. Our results reveal that the cycling of DBC is more dynamic and heterogeneous than previously believed though it does not comprise a single, uniformly "old" 14C age. Instead, both semilabile and refractory DBC components are distributed among size fractions of DOC. We report that DBC cycles within DOC as a component of RDOC, exhibiting turnover in the ocean on millennia timescales. DBC within the low-molecular-weight DOC pool is large, environmentally persistent and constitutes the size fraction that is responsible for long-term DBC storage. We speculate that sea surface processes, including bacterial remineralization (via the coupling of photooxidation of surface DBC and bacterial co-metabolism), sorption onto sinking particles and surface photochemical oxidation, modify DBC composition and turnover, ultimately controlling the fate of DBC and RDOC in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha I. Coppola
- Department of Earth Sciences, Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, Zürich8092, Switzerland
| | - Ellen R. M. Druffel
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Taylor A. Broek
- Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA02543
| | - Negar Haghipour
- Department of Earth Sciences, Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, Zürich8092, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Timothy I. Eglinton
- Department of Earth Sciences, Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, Zürich8092, Switzerland
| | - Matthew McCarthy
- Department of Ocean Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
| | - Brett D. Walker
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, Canada
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Huang M, Yang Q, Zou J, Zhao L, He J, Tian D, Lei Y, Shen F. How does adsorptive fractionation of dissolved black carbon on ferrihydrite affect its copper binding behaviors? A molecular-scale investigation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121128. [PMID: 38262163 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Adsorptive fractionation of dissolved black carbon (DBC) on minerals is proven to alter its molecular composition, which will inevitably affect the environment fate of heavy metals. However, the effects of molecular fractionation on the interaction between DBC and heavy metals remain unclear. Herein, we observed that the selective adsorption of ferrihydrite caused molecular changes of DBC from high molecular weight/unsaturation/aromaticity to low molecular weight/saturation/aliphatics. This process accompanied by a retention of carbohydrate and a reduction of oxygen-rich functional groups (e.g., polyphenols and carboxyl) and long carbon chain in DBC. The residual DBC in aqueous phase demonstrated a weaker binding affinity to copper compared to the original DBC. This decrease in binding affinity was primarily attributed to the adsorption of polycyclic condensed aromatic compounds of 200-250 Da, oxygen-rich polycyclic condensed aromatic compounds of 250-300 Da, oxygen-rich non-polycyclic aromatic compounds of 300-450 Da, and non-polycyclic aromatic compounds of 450-700 Da in DBC by ferrihydrite. Additionally, the retention of carbohydrates and aliphatic compounds of 300-450 Da also made a significant contribution. Notably, carboxylic groups rather than phenolic groups were the dominant oxygen-containing functional groups responsible for this affinity reduction. This study has significant implications for understanding of the biogeochemical processes of DBC at soil-water interface and surface water, especially its role in the transportation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jianmei Zou
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Jinsong He
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Dong Tian
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yongjia Lei
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Fei Shen
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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Martinot PL, Guigue C, Chifflet S, Cuny P, Barani A, Didry M, Dignan C, Guyomarc'h L, Pradel N, Pringault O, Van Wambeke F, Vu CT, Mari X, Tedetti M. Assessing the bioavailability of black carbon-derived dissolved organic matter for marine heterotrophic prokaryotes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165802. [PMID: 37524184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigated the bioavailability of black carbon (BC)-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) for a natural mixed community of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes. We ran an in vitro biodegradation experiment that took place over 3 months and exposed a community of organisms collected in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (Bay of Marseille, France) to three different soluble fractions of BC prepared in the laboratory from various fossil fuel combustion particulates: standard diesel (DREF), oxidized diesel (DREF-OX), and natural samples of ship soot (DSHIP). Over the course of the three months, we observed significant decreases in the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC; from 9 to 21 %), dissolved BC (DBC; from 22 to 38 %) and dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (d-PAH; from 24 to 64 %) along with variability in the growth dynamics and activity of the heterotrophic prokaryotic community. The heterotrophic prokaryotic community exposed to DREF-OX treatment showed the highest values of respiration and production and the highest cell abundance, associated with the highest decrease in DOC (21 %) and d-PAH (64 %) concentrations. In the DREF and DSHIP treatments, prokaryotic activity was oriented towards anabolism. DREF treatment led to the highest decrease in DBC concentration (38 %). DSHIP treatment, which presented a substantially different d-PAH and dissolved metals content to the other two treatments, showed the lowest decreases in DOC, DBC and d-PAH concentrations, as well as the lowest prokaryotic activity and biomasses. Our results indicate that BC-derived DOM, including the most condensed fraction of this material, is partly bioavailable and therefore likely to be assimilated by marine prokaryotes. The origin of BC/soot deposited at the ocean surface turns out to be a key parameter that dictates the efficiency of biodegradation of its dissolved fraction by heterotrophic prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline L Martinot
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France; Water - Environment - Oceanography (WEO) Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France; Water - Environment - Oceanography (WEO) Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Sandrine Chifflet
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Cuny
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Aude Barani
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Morgane Didry
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Clara Dignan
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
| | - Léa Guyomarc'h
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Pradel
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Pringault
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - France Van Wambeke
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Cam Tu Vu
- Water - Environment - Oceanography (WEO) Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Xavier Mari
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France; Water - Environment - Oceanography (WEO) Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France; Water - Environment - Oceanography (WEO) Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
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9
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Sudakov NP, Chang HM, Renn TY, Klimenkov IV. Degenerative and Regenerative Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements, Cell Death, and Paradoxical Proliferation in the Gills of Pearl Gourami ( Trichogaster leerii) Exposed to Suspended Soot Microparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15146. [PMID: 37894826 PMCID: PMC10607021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect is studied of water-suspended soot microparticles on the actin cytoskeleton, apoptosis, and proliferation in the gill epithelium of pearl gourami. To this end, the fish are kept in aquariums with 0.005 g/L of soot for 5 and 14 days. Laser confocal microscopy is used to find that at the analyzed times of exposure to the pollutant zones appear in the gill epithelium, where the actin framework of adhesion belts dissociates and F-actin either forms clumps or concentrates perinuclearly. It is shown that the exposure to soot microparticles enhances apoptosis. On day 5, suppression of the proliferation of cells occurs, but the proliferation increases to the control values on day 14. Such a paradoxical increase in proliferation may be a compensatory process, maintaining the necessary level of gill function under the exposure to toxic soot. This process may occur until the gills' recovery reserve is exhausted. In general, soot microparticles cause profound changes in the actin cytoskeleton in gill cells, greatly enhance cell death, and influence cell proliferation as described. Together, these processes may cause gill dysfunction and affect the viability of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay P. Sudakov
- Department of Cell Ultrastructure, Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia;
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Yi Renn
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Igor V. Klimenkov
- Department of Cell Ultrastructure, Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia;
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10
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Li H, Zhang R, Yan A, Xie W, Wang M, Yu K. Black Carbon in Deep-Sea Seamount Sediment Cores: Vertical Variation and Non-negligible Char Black Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14602-14610. [PMID: 37713478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea sediments (>1000 m) are often considered to be the ultimate sink for black carbon (BC), and the long-term buried BC in these sediments is believed to potentially provide a negative feedback effect on climate warming. The burial flux of BC in marine sediments is predominantly estimated based on soot BC (SBC) in most studies, frequently ignoring the contribution of char BC (CBC). While this methodology may result in an underestimation of the BC burial flux, the precise extent of this underestimation is yet to be determined. This study used the benzene poly(carboxylic acid) (BPCA) method and chemothermal oxidation (CTO) method to analyze CBC and SBC in four deep-sea sediment cores from the Zhongnan seamount in the South China Sea, respectively. The CBC content increased from 0.026 ± 0.010% at the seamount upper part (1432 m) to 0.039 ± 0.012% at the seamount foot (4278 m), constituting approximately 25 to 42% of the SBC content. The content disparity between CBC and SBC diminishes as depth increases. In deep-sea sediments, biogeochemical factors influence the variation of CBC molecules with depth. In the seamount middle-upper part (1432 and 2465 m), highly condensed CBC gradually accumulated along the core downward profile. In the sediment core profile of the seamount middle-lower part (3497 m), benzenetricarboxylic acid and benzenetetracarboxylic acid content decreased while the BC condensation degree rose, i.e., less condensed CBC was preferentially consumed. Afterward, CBC molecules reached a relatively stable state at the seamount foot. This study reveals that CBC possesses the capacity for long-term carbon sequestration in deep-sea sediments, and its content is not negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Li
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Annan Yan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
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11
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Yang W, Fang Z, Zhang Q, Chen M, Zheng M. Dynamics of particulate black carbon in the South China Sea: Magnitude, resident timescale, sinking speed, and flux. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162847. [PMID: 36924949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of particulate black carbon (PBC) in marine environments are poorly understood. Here, radioactive 234Th was used to constrain the resident timescale, settling speed, and sinking flux of PBC (soot) in the coastal Northeastern South China Sea (NSCS). The PBC concentration varied from 0.013 μg-C L-1 to 4.340 μg-C L-1. Spatially, PBC showed an exponential decrease offshore, with a coefficient of 0.030 ± 0.004. Compiling available data, an empirical formula of PBC = a e-0.032x (x is the distance offshore) was proposed for predicting the descent of PBC offshore in coastal seas. Residence times of 0.8-13 d indicate that PBC is retained for days, implying its limited dispersal to the open sea. For the first time, the settling speed of PBC was evaluated in seawater, which averaged 8.8 ± 7.1 m d-1. These results highlight that bottle-sampled PBC falls mainly into the slow-sinking particle continuum in marine environments, due to its fine size. The sinking flux of PBC averaged 4.57 mg-C m-2 d-1 in the coastal NSCS. Using the sinking speed, the preliminarily estimated sinking rate of PBC was 23.8-1800 Tg-C yr-1 on global shelves. The crucial dynamic parameters of PBC provide insights into its internal cycling in coastal seas and can be used as model parameters for assessing global PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ziming Fang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Minfang Zheng
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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12
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Hameed R, Li G, Son Y, Fang H, Kim T, Zhu C, Feng Y, Zhang L, Abbas A, Zhao X, Wang J, Li J, Dai Z, Du D. Structural characteristics of dissolved black carbon and its interactions with organic and inorganic contaminants: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162210. [PMID: 36791863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a sustainable and renewable carbonaceous material, and its soluble component, dissolved black carbon (DBC), is the key to understanding BC's geological and environmental processes. Although the relationship between the changes in DBC structure and its properties, functions, and associated environmental risks has been explored, a gap remains in our understanding of DBC's fate and behavior in the natural environment. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the molecular and chemical compositions and the structural evolution of DBC during pyrolysis, the influence of DBC's physicochemical properties on its fate and transport, DBC's interaction with soil and its contaminants, and DBC stability in soil and water environments along with potential risks. Based on our in-depth assessment of DBC and its biogeochemical roles, we believe that future studies should focus on the following: (1) using advanced techniques to understand the chemical and molecular structure of DBC deeply and concisely and, thus, determine its fundamental role in the natural environment; (2) investigating the multi-functional properties of DBC and its interaction mechanisms; and (3) evaluating the environmental behaviors of and risks associated with DBC after BC application. In future, it is necessary to gain a deeper insight into the fate and transport of DBC with contaminants and study its associated risks under BC application in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Hameed
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yowhan Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Huajun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Taewan Kim
- Institute of Ecological Phytochemistry, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaodong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Adeel Abbas
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaqian Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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13
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Yamashita Y, Mori Y, Ogawa H. Hydrothermal-derived black carbon as a source of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon in the ocean. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade3807. [PMID: 36763665 PMCID: PMC9916979 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are a possible source of thermogenic dissolved black carbon (DBC), which is a component of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon, but little is known about the distribution of hydrothermal DBC in the deep ocean. Here, we show basin-scale distributions of DBC along two transects in the eastern Pacific Ocean, which are located outside the jet-like hydrothermal plumes from the East Pacific Rise. The DBC concentration in the deep waters did not show a strong linear relationship with apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), as previously observed in the central and western Pacific Ocean. Deviations in DBC concentration from the DBC-AOU relationship observed in the central and western Pacific Ocean were quantified. The deviation was linearly correlated with excess 3He, a tracer for hydrothermal input, indicating that a fraction of the DBC in the deep ocean is transported long distances from hydrothermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Yamashita
- Faculty of Environmental and Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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14
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Zhang R, Deng Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Cao H. Effect of leaching time on phytotoxicity of dissolved organic matter derived from black carbon based on spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119595. [PMID: 35688387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) exports huge amounts of its derived DOM from terrestrial ecosystems annually through a variety of ways (i.e., erosion or runoff migration). The pyrolytic feedstock type and temperature resulted in DOM derived from highly condensed aromatic and non-aromatic BC. However, the behaviors of low aromatic BC-derived DOM at diverse leaching time are poorly understood. In this work, low aromatic BCs were prepared by pyrolysis corn straws at 250 °C, 350 °C and 450 °C. Extraction experiments for four leaching time (6 h, 10 h, 15 h and 21 h) were set up to simulate BC-derived DOM generative process in nature. The phytotoxicity of BC-derived DOM was evaluated via germination index (GI). Spectral characteristics were discussed to analyze the phytotoxicity variations of fluorescence components composition at different time, including the excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor, two-dimensional correlation spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results suggested that low aromatic BC-derived DOM might contain aromatic phenolic compounds. A longer time contributed to accumulate the complex, hard-to-use organic matters, leading to lower GI. These results would supplement the dynamic spectral characteristics of low aromatic BC-derived DOM and its environmental risks during the leaching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruju Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ze Deng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiulong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yunxian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Huan Cao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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