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Kyriazi AA, Karaglani M, Agelaki S, Baritaki S. Intratumoral Microbiome: Foe or Friend in Reshaping the Tumor Microenvironment Landscape? Cells 2024; 13:1279. [PMID: 39120310 PMCID: PMC11312414 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in cancer and its crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been extensively studied and characterized. An emerging field in the cancer microbiome research is the concept of the intratumoral microbiome, which refers to the microbiome residing within the tumor. This microbiome primarily originates from the local microbiome of the tumor-bearing tissue or from translocating microbiome from distant sites, such as the gut. Despite the increasing number of studies on intratumoral microbiome, it remains unclear whether it is a driver or a bystander of oncogenesis and tumor progression. This review aims to elucidate the intricate role of the intratumoral microbiome in tumor development by exploring its effects on reshaping the multileveled ecosystem in which tumors thrive, the TME. To dissect the complexity and the multitude of layers within the TME, we distinguish six specialized tumor microenvironments, namely, the immune, metabolic, hypoxic, acidic, mechanical and innervated microenvironments. Accordingly, we attempt to decipher the effects of the intratumoral microbiome on each specialized microenvironment and ultimately decode its tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive impact. Additionally, we portray the intratumoral microbiome as an orchestrator in the tumor milieu, fine-tuning the responses in distinct, specialized microenvironments and remodeling the TME in a multileveled and multifaceted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina A. Kyriazi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Makrina Karaglani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
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2
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Santacroce L, Charitos IA, Colella M, Palmirotta R, Jirillo E. Blood Microbiota and Its Products: Mechanisms of Interference with Host Cells and Clinical Outcomes. Hematol Rep 2024; 16:440-453. [PMID: 39051416 PMCID: PMC11270377 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep16030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In healthy conditions, blood was considered a sterile environment until the development of new analytical approaches that allowed for the detection of circulating bacterial ribosomal DNA. Currently, debate exists on the origin of the blood microbiota. According to advanced research using dark field microscopy, fluorescent in situ hybridization, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy, so-called microbiota have been detected in the blood. Conversely, others have reported no evidence of a common blood microbiota. Then, it was hypothesized that blood microbiota may derive from distant sites, e.g., the gut or external contamination of blood samples. Alteration of the blood microbiota's equilibrium may lead to dysbiosis and, in certain cases, disease. Cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, kidney, neoplastic, and immune diseases have been associated with the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and/or their products in the blood. For instance, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and endotoxins may contribute to tissue damage, fueling chronic inflammation. Blood bacteria can interact with immune cells, especially with monocytes that engulf microorganisms and T lymphocytes via spontaneous binding to their membranes. Moreover, LPSs, extracellular vesicles, and outer membrane vesicles interact with red blood cells and immune cells, reaching distant organs. This review aims to describe the composition of blood microbiota in healthy individuals and those with disease conditions. Furthermore, special emphasis is placed on the interaction of blood microbiota with host cells to better understand disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy (R.P.); (E.J.)
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Institute of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Marica Colella
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy (R.P.); (E.J.)
- Doctoral School, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy (R.P.); (E.J.)
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy (R.P.); (E.J.)
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3
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Teixeira M, Silva F, Ferreira RM, Pereira T, Figueiredo C, Oliveira HP. A review of machine learning methods for cancer characterization from microbiome data. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:123. [PMID: 38816569 PMCID: PMC11139966 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the microbiome can impact cancer development, progression, and response to therapies suggesting microbiome-based approaches for cancer characterization. As cancer-related signatures are complex and implicate many taxa, their discovery often requires Machine Learning approaches. This review discusses Machine Learning methods for cancer characterization from microbiome data. It focuses on the implications of choices undertaken during sample collection, feature selection and pre-processing. It also discusses ML model selection, guiding how to choose an ML model, and model validation. Finally, it enumerates current limitations and how these may be surpassed. Proposed methods, often based on Random Forests, show promising results, however insufficient for widespread clinical usage. Studies often report conflicting results mainly due to ML models with poor generalizability. We expect that evaluating models with expanded, hold-out datasets, removing technical artifacts, exploring representations of the microbiome other than taxonomical profiles, leveraging advances in deep learning, and developing ML models better adapted to the characteristics of microbiome data will improve the performance and generalizability of models and enable their usage in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Teixeira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Silva
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tania Pereira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder P Oliveira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Chen H, Ma Y, Xu J, Wang W, Lu H, Quan C, Yang F, Lu Y, Wu H, Qiu M. Circulating microbiome DNA as biomarkers for early diagnosis and recurrence of lung cancer. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101499. [PMID: 38582085 PMCID: PMC11031421 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer mortality is exacerbated by late-stage diagnosis. Emerging evidence indicates the potential clinical significance of distinct microbial signatures as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers across various cancers. However, circulating microbiome DNA (cmDNA) profiles are underexplored in lung cancer (LC). Here, whole-genome sequencing is performed on plasma of LC patients and healthy controls (HCs). Differentially enriched microbial species are identified between LC and HC. A diagnostic model is developed, which has a high sensitivity of 87.7% and achieves an AUC of 93.2% in the independent validation dataset. Crucially, this model demonstrates the capability to detect early-stage LC, achieving a sensitivity of 86.5% for stage I and 87.1% for tumors <1 cm. In addition, we construct a cmDNA model for recurrence, which precisely predicts LC recurrence after surgery. Overall, this study highlights the significant alterations of cmDNA profiles in LC, indicating its potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Juqing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng Quan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Mantang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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5
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Riello GBC, da Silva PM, da Silva Oliveira FA, de Oliveira RTG, da Silva FER, da Frota França IG, Melo VMM, Miyajima F, Pinheiro RF, Danielle S M. Gut Microbiota Composition Correlates with Disease Severity in Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2024; 18:192-201. [PMID: 38868805 PMCID: PMC11166496 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v18i2.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders of hematopoietic progenitor cells related to ineffective hematopoiesis and an increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia. MDS is divided into categories, namely lineage dysplasia (MDS-SLD), MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS), MDS with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD), MDS with excess blasts (MDS-EB). The International Prognostic Classification System (IPSS) ranks the patients as very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high based on disease evolution and survival rates. Evidence points to toll-like receptor (TLR) abnormal signaling as an underlying mechanism of this disease, providing a link between MDS and immune dysfunction. Microbial signals, such as lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria, can activate or suppress TLRs. Therefore, we hypothesized that MDS patients present gut microbiota alterations associated with disease subtypes and prognosis. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced the 16S rRNA gene from fecal samples of 30 MDS patients and 16 healthy elderly controls. We observed a negative correlation between Prevotella spp. and Akkermansia spp. in MDS patients compared with the control group. High-risk patients presented a significant increase in the genus Prevotella spp. compared to the other risk categories. There was a significant reduction in the abundance of the genus Akkermansia spp. in high-risk patients compared with low- and intermediate-risk. There was a significant decrease in the genus Ruminococcus spp. in MDS-EB patients compared with controls. Our findings show a new association between gut dysbiosis and higher-risk MDS, with a predominance of gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Barbosa Correia Riello
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Priscila Mendonça da Silva
- University Hospital Walter Cantidio, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Ivo Gabriel da Frota França
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vânia Maria Maciel Melo
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fábio Miyajima
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Branch Ceara, Eusebio, Brazil
| | - Ronald Feitosa Pinheiro
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Macedo Danielle S
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Sepich-Poore GD, McDonald D, Kopylova E, Guccione C, Zhu Q, Austin G, Carpenter C, Fraraccio S, Wandro S, Kosciolek T, Janssen S, Metcalf JL, Song SJ, Kanbar J, Miller-Montgomery S, Heaton R, Mckay R, Patel SP, Swafford AD, Korem T, Knight R. Robustness of cancer microbiome signals over a broad range of methodological variation. Oncogene 2024; 43:1127-1148. [PMID: 38396294 PMCID: PMC10997506 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In 2020, we identified cancer-specific microbial signals in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) [1]. Multiple peer-reviewed papers independently verified or extended our findings [2-12]. Given this impact, we carefully considered concerns by Gihawi et al. [13] that batch correction and database contamination with host sequences artificially created the appearance of cancer type-specific microbiomes. (1) We tested batch correction by comparing raw and Voom-SNM-corrected data per-batch, finding predictive equivalence and significantly similar features. We found consistent results with a modern microbiome-specific method (ConQuR [14]), and when restricting to taxa found in an independent, highly-decontaminated cohort. (2) Using Conterminator [15], we found low levels of human contamination in our original databases (~1% of genomes). We demonstrated that the increased detection of human reads in Gihawi et al. [13] was due to using a newer human genome reference. (3) We developed Exhaustive, a method twice as sensitive as Conterminator, to clean RefSeq. We comprehensively host-deplete TCGA with many human (pan)genome references. We repeated all analyses with this and the Gihawi et al. [13] pipeline, and found cancer type-specific microbiomes. These extensive re-analyses and updated methods validate our original conclusion that cancer type-specific microbial signatures exist in TCGA, and show they are robust to methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Sepich-Poore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Micronoma, San Diego, CA, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Evguenia Kopylova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Clarity Genomics, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Caitlin Guccione
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - George Austin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolina Carpenter
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Serena Fraraccio
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Micronoma, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Wandro
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Micronoma, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz Kosciolek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jessica L Metcalf
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Se Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jad Kanbar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandrine Miller-Montgomery
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Micronoma, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rana Mckay
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandip Pravin Patel
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Austin D Swafford
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tal Korem
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Liu W, Pi Z, Wang X, Shang C, Song C, Wang R, He Z, Zhang X, Wan Y, Mao W. Microbiome and lung cancer: carcinogenic mechanisms, early cancer diagnosis, and promising microbial therapies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104322. [PMID: 38460928 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes in the lung, gut, and oral cavity are correlated with lung cancer initiation and progression. While correlations have been preliminarily established in earlier studies, delving into microbe-mediated carcinogenic mechanisms will extend our understanding from correlation to causation. Building upon the causative relationships between microbiome and lung cancer, a novel concept of microbial biomarkers has emerged, mainly encompassing cancer-specific bacteria and circulating microbiome DNA. They might function as noninvasive liquid biopsy techniques for lung cancer early detection. Furthermore, potential microbial therapies have displayed initial efficacy in lung cancer treatment, providing multiple avenues for therapeutic intervention. Herein, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways through which microbes influence lung cancer initiation and development. Additionally, we will summarize recent findings on microbial biomarkers as a member of tumor liquid biopsy techniques and provide an overview of the latest advances in various microbe-assisted/mediated therapeutic approaches for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weici Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zheshun Pi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chenwei Shang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chenghu Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of Biome Dx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton 13850, USA.
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China.
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Raza S, Koh Y, Yoon SS, Woo SY, Ahn KS, Kim HL, Kim HN. Identification of novel Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains in bone marrow samples of patients with acute myeloid leukemia using a metagenomic binning approach. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:1033-1040. [PMID: 37087535 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study aimed to examine the existence of a bacterial metagenome in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We re-examined whole-genome sequencing data from the bone marrow samples of seven patients with AML, four of whom were remitted after treatment, for metagenomic analysis. After the removal of human reads, unmapped reads were used to profile the species-level composition. We used the metagenomic binning approach to confirm whether the identified taxon was a complete genome of known or novel strains. We observed a unique and novel microbial signature in which Carnobacterium maltaromaticum was the most abundant species in five patients with AML or remission. The complete genome of C. maltaromaticum "BMAML_KR01," which was observed in all samples, was 100% complete with 8.5% contamination and closely clustered with C. maltaromaticum strains DSM20730 and SF668 based on single nucleotide polymorphism variations. We identified five unique proteins that could contribute to cancer progression and 104 virulent factor proteins in the BMAML_KR01 genome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a new strain of C. maltaromaticum in patients with AML. The presence of C. maltaromaticum and its new strain in patients indicates an urgent need to validate the existence of this bacterium and evaluate its pathophysiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Raza
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngil Koh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Woman University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sung Ahn
- Functional Genome Institute, PDXen Biosystems Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Functional Genome Institute, PDXen Biosystems Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Statistics Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Yazici D, Cagan E, Tan G, Li M, Do E, Kucukkase OC, Simsek A, Kizmaz MA, Bozkurt T, Aydin T, Heider A, Rückert B, Brüggen MC, Dhir R, O'Mahony L, Akdis M, Nadeau KC, Budak F, Akdis CA, Ogulur I. Disrupted epithelial permeability as a predictor of severe COVID-19 development. Allergy 2023; 78:2644-2658. [PMID: 37422701 DOI: 10.1111/all.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An impaired epithelial barrier integrity in the gastrointestinal tract is important to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, we assessed the potential of biomarkers of epithelial barrier dysfunction as predictive of severe COVID-19. METHODS Levels of bacterial DNA and zonulin family peptides (ZFP) as markers of bacterial translocation and intestinal permeability and a total of 180 immune and inflammatory proteins were analyzed from the sera of 328 COVID-19 patients and 49 healthy controls. RESULTS Significantly high levels of circulating bacterial DNA were detected in severe COVID-19 cases. In mild COVID-19 cases, serum bacterial DNA levels were significantly lower than in healthy controls suggesting epithelial barrier tightness as a predictor of a mild disease course. COVID-19 patients were characterized by significantly elevated levels of circulating ZFP. We identified 36 proteins as potential early biomarkers of COVID-19, and six of them (AREG, AXIN1, CLEC4C, CXCL10, CXCL11, and TRANCE) correlated strongly with bacterial translocation and can be used to predict and discriminate severe cases from healthy controls and mild cases (area under the curve (AUC): 1 and 0.88, respectively). Proteomic analysis of the serum of 21 patients with moderate disease at admission which progressed to severe disease revealed 10 proteins associated with disease progression and mortality (AUC: 0.88), including CLEC7A, EIF4EBP1, TRANCE, CXCL10, HGF, KRT19, LAMP3, CKAP4, CXADR, and ITGB6. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that biomarkers of intact or defective epithelial barriers are associated with disease severity and can provide early information on the prediction at the time of hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Eren Cagan
- Department of Immunology, Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Manru Li
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Evan Do
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ozan C Kucukkase
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Abdurrahman Simsek
- Department of Immunology, Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ali Kizmaz
- Department of Immunology, Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tugce Bozkurt
- Department of Immunology, Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tamer Aydin
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Anja Heider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raja Dhir
- SEED Inc. Co., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ferah Budak
- Department of Immunology, Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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10
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Jiang X, Yang M, Fang Y, Yang Z, Dai X, Gu P, Feng W, Chen Y. A Photo-Activated Thermoelectric Catalyst for Ferroptosis-/Pyroptosis-Boosted Tumor Nanotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300699. [PMID: 37086391 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gradually come into the limelight for oncological treatment due to its noninvasiveness, high specificity, and low side effects. However, upregulated heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-defensing system such as glutathione (GSH) or MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) protein in tumor microenvironment counteract the efficiency of single-modality therapy either PTT or PDT. Herein, the well-defined bismuth telluride nanoplates (Bi2 Te3 NPs) are engineered with a high-performance photo-thermo-electro-catalytic effect for tumor-synergistic treatment. Upon near-infrared light illumination, Bi2 Te3 NPs induce a significant temperature elevation for PTT, which effectively inhibits MTH1 expression. Especially, heating and cooling alteration caused temperature variations result in electron-hole separation for ROS generation, which not only damages HSPs to reduce the thermotolerance for enhance PTT, but also arouses tumor cell pyroptosis. Additionally, Bi2 Te3 NPs conspicuously reduce GSH, further improving ROS level and leading to decrease glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which triggers tumor cell ferroptosis. Due to the photo-thermo-electro-catalytic synergistic therapy, Bi2 Te3 NPs are gifted with impressive tumor suppression on both ectopic and orthotopic ocular tumor models. This work highlights a high-performance multifunctional energy-conversion nanoplatform for reshaping tumor microenvironment to boost the tumor-therapeutic efficacy of phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jiang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Muyue Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Ying Fang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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11
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Galloway-Peña JR, Jobin C. Microbiota Influences on Hematopoiesis and Blood Cancers: New Horizons? Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:267-275. [PMID: 37052501 PMCID: PMC10320642 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis governs the generation of immune cells through the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into various progenitor cells, a process controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among extrinsic factors influencing hematopoiesis is the microbiota, or the collection of microorganisms present in various body sites. The microbiota has a profound impact on host homeostasis by virtue of its ability to release various molecules and structural components, which promote normal organ function. In this review, we will discuss the role of microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis and how disrupting the microbiota/host network could lead to hematologic malignancies, as well as highlight important knowledge gaps to move this field of research forward. SIGNIFICANCE Microbiota dysfunction is associated with many pathologic conditions, including hematologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis and how disrupting the microbiota/host network could lead to hematologic malignancies. Understanding how the microbiota influences hematologic malignancies could have an important therapeutic impact for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Galloway-Peña
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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12
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Cheng HS, Tan SP, Wong DMK, Koo WLY, Wong SH, Tan NS. The Blood Microbiome and Health: Current Evidence, Controversies, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065633. [PMID: 36982702 PMCID: PMC10059777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood is conventionally thought to be sterile. However, emerging evidence on the blood microbiome has started to challenge this notion. Recent reports have revealed the presence of genetic materials of microbes or pathogens in the blood circulation, leading to the conceptualization of a blood microbiome that is vital for physical wellbeing. Dysbiosis of the blood microbial profile has been implicated in a wide range of health conditions. Our review aims to consolidate recent findings about the blood microbiome in human health and to highlight the existing controversies, prospects, and challenges around this topic. Current evidence does not seem to support the presence of a core healthy blood microbiome. Common microbial taxa have been identified in some diseases, for instance, Legionella and Devosia in kidney impairment, Bacteroides in cirrhosis, Escherichia/Shigella and Staphylococcus in inflammatory diseases, and Janthinobacterium in mood disorders. While the presence of culturable blood microbes remains debatable, their genetic materials in the blood could potentially be exploited to improve precision medicine for cancers, pregnancy-related complications, and asthma by augmenting patient stratification. Key controversies in blood microbiome research are the susceptibility of low-biomass samples to exogenous contamination and undetermined microbial viability from NGS-based microbial profiling, however, ongoing initiatives are attempting to mitigate these issues. We also envisage future blood microbiome research to adopt more robust and standardized approaches, to delve into the origins of these multibiome genetic materials and to focus on host–microbe interactions through the elaboration of causative and mechanistic relationships with the aid of more accurate and powerful analytical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (S.H.W.); (N.S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6904-1294; Fax: +65-6339-2889
| | - Sin Pei Tan
- Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Jalan Mutiara Emas Utama, Taman Mount Austin, Johor Bahru 81100, Malaysia
| | - David Meng Kit Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Wei Ling Yolanda Koo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (S.H.W.); (N.S.T.)
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (S.H.W.); (N.S.T.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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13
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Xie Z, Zeidan AM. CHIPing away the progression potential of CHIP: A new reality in the making. Blood Rev 2023; 58:101001. [PMID: 35989137 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, we have gained a deeper understanding of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), especially with regard to the epidemiology, clinical sequelae, and mechanical aspects. However, interventional strategies to prevent or delay the potential negative consequences of CHIP remain underdeveloped. In this review, we highlight the latest updates on clonal hematopoiesis research, including molecular mechanisms and clinical implications, with a particular focus on the evolving strategies for the interventions that are being evaluated in ongoing observational and interventional trials. There remains an urgent need to formulate standardized and evidence-based recommendations and guidelines for evaluating and managing individuals with clonal hematopoiesis. In addition, patient-centric endpoints must be defined for clinical trials, which will enable us to continue the robust development of effective preventive strategies and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Xie
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, United States.
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14
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Deepening Our Understanding of the Factors Affecting Landscape of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: What Do We Know about Them? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041348. [PMID: 36831689 PMCID: PMC9954305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) arise from the uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in bone marrow. As with all tumors, the development of MPNs is a consequence of alterations in malignant cells and their interaction with other extrinsic factors that support and promote tumor progression. Since the discovery of driver mutations, much work has focused on studying and reviewing the genomic features of the disease but has neglected to delve into the important role that many other mechanisms may play. This review discusses the genetic component of MPNs but focuses mainly on some of the most relevant work investigating other non-genetic factors that may be crucial for the disease. The studies summarized here address MPN cell-intrinsic or -extrinsic factors and the interaction between them through transcriptomic, proteomic and microbiota studies, among others.
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15
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Yuan X, Wang Z, Li C, Lv K, Tian G, Tang M, Ji L, Yang J. Bacterial biomarkers capable of identifying recurrence or metastasis carry disease severity information for lung cancer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007831. [PMID: 36187983 PMCID: PMC9523266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local recurrence and distant metastasis are the main causes of death in patients with lung cancer. Multiple studies have described the recurrence or metastasis of lung cancer at the genetic level. However, association between the microbiome of lung cancer tissue and recurrence or metastasis remains to be discovered. Here, we aimed to identify the bacterial biomarkers capable of distinguishing patients with lung cancer from recurrence or metastasis, and how it related to the severity of patients with lung cancer. Methods We applied microbiome pipeline to bacterial communities of 134 non-recurrence and non-metastasis (non-RM) and 174 recurrence or metastasis (RM) samples downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Co-occurrence network was built to explore the bacterial interactions in lung cancer tissue of RM and non-RM. Finally, the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the association between bacterial biomarkers and patient survival. Results Compared with non-RM, the bacterial community of RM had lower richness and higher Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index. Interestingly, the co-occurrence network of non-RM was more complex than RM. The top 500 genera in relative abundance obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 when discriminating between RM and non-RM. There were significant differences in the relative abundances of Acidovorax, Clostridioides, Succinimonas, and Shewanella, and so on between RM and non-RM. These biomarkers played a role in predicting the survival of lung cancer patients and were significantly associated with lung cancer stage. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence for the prediction of lung cancer recurrence or metastasis by bacteria in lung cancer tissue. Our results highlights that bacterial biomarkers that distinguish RM and non-RM are also associated with patient survival and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Yuan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhina Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Li
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Changjun Li,
| | - Kebo Lv
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Lei Ji,
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
- Jialiang Yang,
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16
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Molecular Pathways in Clonal Hematopoiesis: From the Acquisition of Somatic Mutations to Transformation into Hematologic Neoplasm. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081135. [PMID: 36013314 PMCID: PMC9410004 DOI: 10.3390/life12081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell aging, through the acquisition of somatic mutations, gives rise to clonal hematopoiesis (CH). While a high prevalence of CH has been described in otherwise healthy older adults, CH confers an increased risk of both hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. Classification of CH into clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) further describes this neoplastic myeloid precursor state and stratifies individuals at risk of developing clinically significant complications. The sequential acquisition of driver mutations, such as DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1, provide a selective advantage and lead to clonal expansion. Inflammation, microbiome signatures, and external selective pressures also contribute to clonal evolution. Despite significant progress in recent years, the precise molecular mechanisms driving CH transformation to hematologic neoplasms are not well defined. Further understanding of these complex mechanisms may improve risk stratification and introduce therapeutic interventions in CH. Here we discuss the genetic drivers underpinning CH, mechanisms for clonal evolution, and transformation to hematologic neoplasm.
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17
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Metagenomic markings of myeloid malignancies. Genes Dis 2022; 10:4-6. [PMID: 37013046 PMCID: PMC10066243 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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