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Ji Q, Wang X, Huang T, Wang X, Zhao Y. Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination enhances the yield and flavor quality of kiwifruit. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 116:e22139. [PMID: 39106355 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Pollination is essential for achieving high yields and enhancing the quality of kiwifruit cultivation, both of which significantly influence growers' interests and consumers' preferences. However, compared to studies on yield, there are fewer studies exploring the impact of pollination methods on the flavor of kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis Planchon. This study examined the effects of bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination and artificial pollination on the yield and flavor of kiwifruit in the main producing areas of China. Compared with those pollinated artificially, bee-pollinated kiwifruit exhibited a greater fruit set rate, heavier fruit weight, and greater number of seeds. Notably, the number of seeds was positively correlated with fruit weight in bee-pollinated kiwifruit, whereas no such correlation was detected in artificially pollinated fruit. Bee pollination not only enhanced the yield but also improved the flavor of kiwifruit. Specifically, bee-pollinated kiwifruit contained higher levels of sucrose and lower concentrations of glucose and fructose, while the acid content was less affected by pollination methods. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the volatile organic compound (VOC) levels in kiwifruit subjected to different pollination treatments, with bee-pollinated fruit exhibiting a superior flavor. Our findings provide new insights into the beneficial role of bee pollination in enhancing kiwifruit yield and quality, underscoring the crucial importance of bees in kiwifruit pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhi Ji
- College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bazakos C, Michailidis M, Tourvas N, Alexiou KG, Mellidou I, Polychroniadou C, Boutsika A, Xanthopoulou A, Moysiadis T, Skodra C, Kollaros MG, Glavakis E, Stournaras V, Karagiannis E, Aravanopoulos F, Molassiotis A, Tanou G, Ganopoulos I. Genetic mosaic of the Mediterranean fig: comprehensive genomic insights from a gene bank collection. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14482. [PMID: 39149812 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
High-depth whole-genome resequencing of 53 diverse fig tree genotypes yielded a rich dataset of genetic variants. We successfully identified 5,501,460 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1,228,537 insertions and deletions (InDels), providing a high-density and excellent-quality genetic map of the fig tree. We also performed a detailed population structure analysis, dividing the 53 genotypes into three geographical groups and assessing their genetic diversity and divergence. Analysis of structural variants (SVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) revealed their potential functional impact, particularly in plant-pathogen interaction and secondary metabolism. Metabolomic fingerprinting of fig genotypes uncovered extensive variation in primary metabolites and polyphenolic compounds, highlighting the influence of genotype on fruit quality traits such as nutritional content and bioactive compound composition. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified critical SNPs associated with fruit quality and morphological features. The discovery of significant candidate genes, such as AGL62, GDSL, and COBRA-like protein 4 genes, offers promising targets for marker-assisted selection and genome editing approaches to improve fig fruit morphological and quality traits. This extensive genomic analysis of fig trees enhances our understanding of the genetic basis of important agronomic traits and provides a rich resource for future research in this economically and nutritionally significant fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Bazakos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tourvas
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G Alexiou
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Polychroniadou
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
| | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
| | - Aliki Xanthopoulou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
| | - Theodoros Moysiadis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Skodra
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - Marios-Georgios Kollaros
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | | | - Vasileios Stournaras
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, Department of Olive and Horticultural Crops, Kalamata, Greece
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
| | | | - Filippos Aravanopoulos
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece
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Khouider S, Gehring M. Parental dialectic: Epigenetic conversations in endosperm. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102591. [PMID: 38944896 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Endosperm is a major evolutionary innovation of flowering plants, and its proper development critically impacts seed growth and viability. Epigenetic regulators have a key function in parental control of endosperm development. Notably, epigenetic regulation of parental genome dosage is a major determinant of seed development success, and disruption of this balance can produce inviable seed, as observed in some interploidy and interspecific crosses. These postzygotic reproduction barriers are also a potent driver of speciation. The molecular machinery and regulatory architecture governing endosperm development is proposed to have evolved under parental conflict. In this review, we emphasize parental conflict as a dialectic conflict and discuss recent findings about the epigenetic molecular machinery that mediates parental conflict in the endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souraya Khouider
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Mary Gehring
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
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Sharma V, Ali MF, Kawashima T. Insights into dynamic coenocytic endosperm development: Unraveling molecular, cellular, and growth complexity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102566. [PMID: 38830335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The endosperm, a product of double fertilization, is one of the keys to the evolution and success of angiosperms in conquering the land. While there are differences in endosperm development among flowering plants, the most common form is coenocytic growth, where the endosperm initially undergoes nuclear division without cytokinesis and eventually becomes cellularized. This complex process requires interplay among networks of transcription factors such as MADS-box, auxin response factors (ARFs), and phytohormones. The role of cytoskeletal elements in shaping the coenocytic endosperm and influencing seed growth also becomes evident. This review offers a recent understanding of the molecular and cellular dynamics in coenocytic endosperm development and their contributions to the final seed size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijyesh Sharma
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mohammad Foteh Ali
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Ren Y, Fu W, Gao Y, Chen Y, Kong D, Cao M, Pang X, Bo W. Identification of Key Genes of Fruit Shape Variation in Jujube with Integrating Elliptic Fourier Descriptors and Transcriptome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1273. [PMID: 38732489 PMCID: PMC11085141 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) exhibits a rich diversity in fruit shape, with natural occurrences of gourd-like, flattened, and other special shapes. Despite the ongoing research into fruit shape, studies integrating elliptical Fourier descriptors (EFDs) with both Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for gene discovery remain scarce. In this study, six cultivars of jujube fruits with distinct shapes were selected, and samples were collected from the fruit set period to the white mature stage across five time points for shape analysis and transcriptome studies. By combining EFDs with WGCNA and STEM, the study aimed to identify the critical periods and key genes involved in the formation of jujube fruit shape. The findings indicated that the D25 (25 days after flowering) is crucial for the development of jujube fruit shape. Moreover, ZjAGL80, ZjABI3, and eight other genes have been implicated to regulate the shape development of jujubes at different periods of fruit development, through seed development and fruit development pathway. In this research, EFDs were employed to precisely delineate the shape of jujube fruits. This approach, in conjunction with transcriptome, enhanced the precision of gene identification, and offered an innovative methodology for fruit shape analysis. This integration facilitates the advancement of research into the morphological characteristics of plant fruits, underpinning the development of a refined framework for the genetic underpinnings of fruit shape variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.R.); (W.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Wenqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.R.); (W.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Yi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.R.); (W.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Yuhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.R.); (W.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Decang Kong
- National Foundation for Improved Cultivar of Chinese Jujube, Cangzhou 061000, China; (D.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Ming Cao
- National Foundation for Improved Cultivar of Chinese Jujube, Cangzhou 061000, China; (D.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Xiaoming Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.R.); (W.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Wenhao Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.R.); (W.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.C.); (X.P.)
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Bente H, Köhler C. Molecular basis and evolutionary drivers of endosperm-based hybridization barriers. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:155-169. [PMID: 38298124 PMCID: PMC11060687 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The endosperm, a transient seed tissue, plays a pivotal role in supporting embryo growth and germination. This unique feature sets flowering plants apart from gymnosperms, marking an evolutionary innovation in the world of seed-bearing plants. Nevertheless, the importance of the endosperm extends beyond its role in providing nutrients to the developing embryo by acting as a versatile protector, preventing hybridization events between distinct species and between individuals with different ploidy. This phenomenon centers on growth and differentiation of the endosperm and the speed at which both processes unfold. Emerging studies underscore the important role played by type I MADS-box transcription factors, including the paternally expressed gene PHERES1. These factors, along with downstream signaling pathways involving auxin and abscisic acid, are instrumental in regulating endosperm development and, consequently, the establishment of hybridization barriers. Moreover, mutations in various epigenetic regulators mitigate these barriers, unveiling a complex interplay of pathways involved in their formation. In this review, we discuss the molecular underpinnings of endosperm-based hybridization barriers and their evolutionary drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Bente
- Department of Plant Reproductive Biology and Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Reproductive Biology and Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
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Chen D, Xu Y, Li J, Shiba H, Ezura H, Wang N. ERECTA Modulates Seed Germination and Fruit Development via Auxin Signaling in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4754. [PMID: 38731974 PMCID: PMC11084166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) breeding for improved fruit quality emphasizes selecting for desirable taste and characteristics, as well as enhancing disease resistance and yield. Seed germination is the initial step in the plant life cycle and directly affects crop productivity and yield. ERECTA (ER) is a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family protein known for its involvement in diverse developmental processes. We characterized a Micro-Tom EMS mutant designated as a knock-out mutant of sler. Our research reveals that SlER plays a central role in controlling critical traits such as inflorescence development, seed number, and seed germination. The elevation in auxin levels and alterations in the expression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) and ABI5 in sler seeds compared to the WT indicate that SlER modulates seed germination via auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Additionally, we detected an increase in auxin content in the sler ovary and changes in the expression of auxin synthesis genes YUCCA flavin monooxygenases 1 (YUC1), YUC4, YUC5, and YUC6 as well as auxin response genes AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5 (ARF5) and ARF7, suggesting that SlER regulates fruit development via auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyun Chen
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (D.C.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (D.C.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Jiawei Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (D.C.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Hiroshi Shiba
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (D.C.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (D.C.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ning Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (D.C.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
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Wang X, Feng S, Luo J, Song S, Lin J, Tian Y, Xu T, Ma J. The Role of FveAFB5 in Auxin-Mediated Responses and Growth in Strawberries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1142. [PMID: 38674551 PMCID: PMC11055006 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial hormone that regulates various aspects of plant growth and development. It exerts its effects through multiple signaling pathways, including the TIR1/AFB-based transcriptional regulation in the nucleus. However, the specific role of auxin receptors in determining developmental features in the strawberry (Fragaria vesca) remains unclear. Our research has identified FveAFB5, a potential auxin receptor, as a key player in the development and auxin responses of woodland strawberry diploid variety Hawaii 4. FveAFB5 positively influences lateral root development, plant height, and fruit development, while negatively regulating shoot branching. Moreover, the mutation of FveAFB5 confers strong resistance to the auxinic herbicide picloram, compared to dicamba and quinclorac. Transcriptome analysis suggests that FveAFB5 may initiate auxin and abscisic acid signaling to inhibit growth in response to picloram. Therefore, FveAFB5 likely acts as an auxin receptor involved in regulating multiple processes related to strawberry growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shuo Feng
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jiangshan Luo
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shikui Song
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yunhe Tian
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jun Ma
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.F.); (J.L.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
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Wentzien NM, Fernández-González AJ, Valverde-Corredor A, Lasa AV, Villadas PJ, Wicaksono WA, Cernava T, Berg G, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. Pitting the olive seed microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:17. [PMID: 38491515 PMCID: PMC10943921 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex and co-evolved interplay between plants and their microbiota is crucial for the health and fitness of the plant holobiont. However, the microbiota of the seeds is still relatively unexplored and no studies have been conducted with olive trees so far. In this study, we aimed to characterize the bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities present in seeds of ten olive genotypes growing in the same orchard through amplicon sequencing to test whether the olive genotype is a major driver in shaping the seed microbial community, and to identify the origin of the latter. Therefore, we have developed a methodology for obtaining samples from the olive seed's endosphere under sterile conditions. RESULTS A diverse microbiota was uncovered in olive seeds, the plant genotype being an important factor influencing the structure and composition of the microbial communities. The most abundant bacterial phylum was Actinobacteria, accounting for an average relative abundance of 41%. At genus level, Streptomyces stood out because of its potential influence on community structure. Within the fungal community, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the most abundant phyla, including the genera Malassezia, Cladosporium, and Mycosphaerella. The shared microbiome was composed of four bacterial (Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces, Promicromonospora and Acidipropionibacterium) and three fungal (Malassezia, Cladosporium and Mycosphaerella) genera. Furthermore, a comparison between findings obtained here and earlier results from the root endosphere of the same trees indicated that genera such as Streptomyces and Malassezia were present in both olive compartments. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first insights into the composition of the olive seed microbiota. The highly abundant fungal genus Malassezia and the bacterial genus Streptomyces reflect a unique signature of the olive seed microbiota. The genotype clearly shaped the composition of the seed's microbial community, although a shared microbiome was found. We identified genera that may translocate from the roots to the seeds, as they were present in both organs of the same trees. These findings set the stage for future research into potential vertical transmission of olive endophytes and the role of specific microbial taxa in seed germination, development, and seedling survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria M Wentzien
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ana V Lasa
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo J Villadas
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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Yue N, Zhang C, Li S, Wang H, Li X, Chen X, Jin F. Imidacloprid triggered changes in strawberry fruits on edible quality and phenolic profiles by applied at two growth stages. Food Res Int 2024; 179:114031. [PMID: 38342551 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence showed that imidacloprid affects plants' abiotic or biotic stress tolerance. However, the effects of imidacloprid on the quality of fruits remain elusive. This work aimed to study the effects of imidacloprid applied at different growth stages on the edible quality and phenolic profile of strawberry fruit in the field experiment. For the first time, lower fruit quality was observed in the mature strawberry fruits after imidacloprid treatment at the fruit-bearing completion stage (five days after pollination). Compared to the control group, the mature strawberry fruit wights and the SCC/TA ratio declined about 18.2-30.0 % and 10.3-16.8 %, respectively. However, those attributes did not occur in the mature strawberry fruits by imidacloprid treatment at the fruit maturation stage (30 days after pollination). Among the 30 phenolic compounds, nine presented significant up-regulation or down-regulation after imidacloprid application at two different growth stages, suggesting that the application period played an essential role in evaluating the effects of imidacloprid on the quality of fruits. A significant effect on fruit quality was presented at the strawberry early growth stage treated by imidacloprid. This study provided a new insight into how and when imidacloprid affects the quality of strawberry fruits, contributing to the future's more scientific application of imidacloprid on strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Luo X, Guo L, Tagliere E, Yang Z, Liu Z. Leaf dissection and margin serration are independently regulated by two regulators converging on the CUC2-auxin module in strawberry. Curr Biol 2024; 34:769-780.e5. [PMID: 38272030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable diversity of leaf forms allows plants to adapt to their living environment. In general, leaf diversity is shaped by leaf complexity (compound or simple) and leaf margin pattern (entire, serrated, or lobed). Prior studies in multiple species have uncovered a conserved module of CUC2-auxin that regulates both leaf complexity and margin serration. How this module is regulated in different species to contribute to the species-specific leaf form is unclear. Furthermore, the mechanistic connection between leaf complexity and leaf serration regulation is not well studied. Strawberry has trifoliate compound leaves with serrations at the margin. In the wild strawberry Fragaria vesca, a mutant named salad was isolated that showed deeper leaf serrations but normal leaf complexity. SALAD encodes a single-Myb domain protein and is expressed at the leaf margin. Genetic analysis showed that cuc2a is epistatic to salad, indicating that SALAD normally limits leaf serration depth by repressing CUC2a expression. When both Arabidopsis homologs of SALAD were knocked out, deeper serrations were observed in Arabidopsis rosette leaves, supporting a conserved function of SALAD in leaf serration regulation. We incorporated the analysis of a third strawberry mutant simple leaf 1 (sl1) with reduced leaf complexity but normal leaf serration. We showed that SL1 and SALAD independently regulate CUC2a at different stages of leaf development to, respectively, regulate leaf complexity and leaf serration. Our results provide a clear and simple mechanism of how leaf complexity and leaf serration are coordinately as well as independently regulated to achieve diverse leaf forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ethan Tagliere
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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12
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Liu Y, Ma X, Li Y, Yang X, Cheng W. Zinc Finger Protein8 ( GhZFP8) Regulates the Initiation of Trichomes in Arabidopsis and the Development of Fiber in Cotton. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:492. [PMID: 38498441 PMCID: PMC10892670 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cotton is one of the most important natural fibers used in the textile industry worldwide. It is important to identify the key factors involved in cotton fiber development. In this study, zinc finger protein8 (GhZFP8) encoding a C2H2 transcription factor (TF) was cloned from cotton. qPCR showed that the transcripts of GhZFP8 in cotton were detected in the leaves and fibers at 3, 6, and 30 days post-anthesis (DPA), but not in the roots, stems, or flowers. The overexpression of GhZFP8 increased the trichome number on the siliques, leaves, and inflorescence, but inhibited the growth. The expression of trichome development and cell-elongation-related genes decreased obviously in GhZFP8 overexpressor Arabidopsis. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) contents were much higher in GhZFP8 overexpressors than that found in the wild type, but the gibberellin (GA) content was lower. The interference of GhZFP8 in cotton caused smaller bolls and shorter fibers than that of the control. The results of DNA affinity purification (DAP)-seq showed that GhZFP8 could bind to the promoter, exon, intron, and intergenic region of the target genes, which are involved in photosynthesis, signal transduction, synthesis of biomass, etc. Our findings implied that GhZFP8 processed multiple biological functions and regulated the development of cotton fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Science Academy of Agriculture and Reclaimation, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Ying Li
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wenhan Cheng
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
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13
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Li M, Mount SM, Liu Z. Rosaceae fruit transcriptome database (ROFT)-a useful genomic resource for comparing fruits of apple, peach, strawberry, and raspberry. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad240. [PMID: 38162465 PMCID: PMC10756754 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rosaceae is a large plant family consisting of many economically important fruit crops including peach, apple, pear, strawberry, raspberry, plum, and others. Investigations into their growth and development will promote both basic understanding and progress toward increasing fruit yield and quality. With the ever-increasing high-throughput sequencing data of Rosaceae, comparative studies are hindered by inconsistency of sample collection with regard to tissue, stage, growth conditions, and by vastly different handling of the data. Therefore, databases that enable easy access and effective utilization of directly comparable transcript data are highly desirable. Here, we describe a database for comparative analysis, ROsaceae Fruit Transcriptome database (ROFT), based on RNA-seq data generated from the same laboratory using similarly dissected and staged fruit tissues of four important Rosaceae fruit crops: apple, peach, strawberry, and red raspberry. Hence, the database is unique in allowing easy and robust comparisons among fruit gene expression across the four species. ROFT enables researchers to query orthologous genes and their expression patterns during different fruit developmental stages in the four species, identify tissue-specific and tissue-/stage-specific genes, visualize and compare ortholog expression in different fruit types, explore consensus co-expression networks, and download different data types. The database provides users access to vast amounts of RNA-seq data across the four economically important fruits, enables investigations of fruit type specification and evolution, and facilitates the selection of genes with critical roles in fruit development for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Stephen M Mount
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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14
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Ezura K, Nomura Y, Ariizumi T. Molecular, hormonal, and metabolic mechanisms of fruit set, the ovary-to-fruit transition, in horticultural crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6254-6268. [PMID: 37279328 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is the process by which the ovary develops into a fruit and is an important factor in determining fruit yield. Fruit set is induced by two hormones, auxin and gibberellin, and the activation of their signaling pathways, partly by suppressing various negative regulators. Many studies have investigated the structural changes and gene networks in the ovary during fruit set, revealing the cytological and molecular mechanisms. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SlIAA9 and SlDELLA/PROCERA act as auxin and gibberellin signaling repressors, respectively, and are important regulators of the activity of transcription factors and downstream gene expression involved in fruit set. Upon pollination, SlIAA9 and SlDELLA are degraded, which subsequently activates downstream cascades and mainly contributes to active cell division and cell elongation, respectively, in ovaries during fruit setting. According to current knowledge, the gibberellin pathway functions as the most downstream signal in fruit set induction, and therefore its role in fruit set has been extensively explored. Furthermore, multi-omics analysis has revealed the detailed dynamics of gene expression and metabolites downstream of gibberellins, highlighting the rapid activation of central carbon metabolism. This review will outline the relevant mechanisms at the molecular and metabolic levels during fruit set, particularly focusing on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yukako Nomura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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15
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Jameson PE. Cytokinin Translocation to, and Biosynthesis and Metabolism within, Cereal and Legume Seeds: Looking Back to Inform the Future. Metabolites 2023; 13:1076. [PMID: 37887400 PMCID: PMC10609209 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Early in the history of cytokinins, it was clear that Zea mays seeds contained not just trans-zeatin, but its nucleosides and nucleotides. Subsequently, both pods and seeds of legumes and cereal grains have been shown to contain a complex of cytokinin forms. Relative to the very high quantities of cytokinin detected in developing seeds, only a limited amount appears to have been translocated from the parent plant. Translocation experiments, and the detection of high levels of endogenous cytokinin in the maternal seed coat tissues of legumes, indicates that cytokinin does not readily cross the maternal/filial boundary, indicating that the filial tissues are autonomous for cytokinin biosynthesis. Within the seed, trans-zeatin plays a key role in sink establishment and it may also contribute to sink strength. The roles, if any, of the other biologically active forms of cytokinin (cis-zeatin, dihydrozeatin and isopentenyladenine) remain to be elucidated. The recent identification of genes coding for the enzyme that leads to the biosynthesis of trans-zeatin in rice (OsCYP735A3 and 4), and the identification of a gene coding for an enzyme (CPN1) that converts trans-zeatin riboside to trans-zeatin in the apoplast, further cements the key role played by trans-zeatin in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula E Jameson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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16
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Liu Z, Liang T, Kang C. Molecular bases of strawberry fruit quality traits: Advances, challenges, and opportunities. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:900-914. [PMID: 37399254 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The strawberry is one of the world's most popular fruits, providing humans with vitamins, fibers, and antioxidants. Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an allo-octoploid and highly heterozygous, making it a challenge for breeding, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, and gene discovery. Some wild strawberry relatives, such as Fragaria vesca, have diploid genomes and are becoming laboratory models for the cultivated strawberry. Recent advances in genome sequencing and CRISPR-mediated genome editing have greatly improved the understanding of various aspects of strawberry growth and development in both cultivated and wild strawberries. This review focuses on fruit quality traits that are most relevant to the consumers, including fruit aroma, sweetness, color, firmness, and shape. Recently available phased-haplotype genomes, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, extensive fruit transcriptomes, and other big data have made it possible to locate key genomic regions or pinpoint specific genes that underlie volatile synthesis, anthocyanin accumulation for fruit color, and sweetness intensity or perception. These new advances will greatly facilitate marker-assisted breeding, the introgression of missing genes into modern varieties, and precise genome editing of selected genes and pathways. Strawberries are poised to benefit from these recent advances, providing consumers with fruit that is tastier, longer-lasting, healthier, and more beautiful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tong Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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17
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Zhou J, Li M, Li Y, Xiao Y, Luo X, Gao S, Ma Z, Sadowski N, Timp W, Dardick C, Callahan A, Mount SM, Liu Z. Comparison of red raspberry and wild strawberry fruits reveals mechanisms of fruit type specification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1016-1035. [PMID: 37440715 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Belonging to Rosaceae, red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) are closely related species with distinct fruit types. While the numerous ovaries become the juicy drupelet fruits in raspberry, their strawberry counterparts become dry and tasteless achenes. In contrast, while the strawberry receptacle, the stem tip, enlarges to become a red fruit, the raspberry receptacle shrinks and dries. The distinct fruit-forming ability of homologous organs in these 2 species allows us to investigate fruit type determination. We assembled and annotated the genome of red raspberry (R. idaeus) and characterized its fruit development morphologically and physiologically. Subsequently, transcriptomes of dissected and staged raspberry fruit tissues were compared to those of strawberry from a prior study. Class B MADS box gene expression was negatively associated with fruit-forming ability, which suggested a conserved inhibitory role of class B heterodimers, PISTILLATA/TM6 or PISTILLATA/APETALA3, for fruit formation. Additionally, the inability of strawberry ovaries to develop into fruit flesh was associated with highly expressed lignification genes and extensive lignification of the ovary pericarp. Finally, coexpressed gene clusters preferentially expressed in the dry strawberry achenes were enriched in "cell wall biosynthesis" and "ABA signaling," while coexpressed clusters preferentially expressed in the fleshy raspberry drupelets were enriched in "protein translation." Our work provides extensive genomic resources as well as several potential mechanisms underlying fruit type specification. These findings provide the framework for understanding the evolution of different fruit types, a defining feature of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 2611325, China
| | - Muzi Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yongping Li
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuwei Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shenglan Gao
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 2611325, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 2611325, China
| | - Norah Sadowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Ann Callahan
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Stephen M Mount
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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18
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Lu R, Pi M, Liu Z, Kang C. Auxin biosynthesis gene FveYUC4 is critical for leaf and flower morphogenesis in woodland strawberry. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1428-1442. [PMID: 37248638 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays an essential role in plant growth and development, particularly in fruit development. The YUCCA (YUC) genes encode flavin monooxygenases that catalyze a rate-limiting step in auxin biosynthesis. Mutations that disrupt YUC gene function provide useful tools for dissecting general and specific functions of auxin during plant development. In woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), two ethyl methanesulfonate mutants, Y422 and Y1011, have been identified that exhibit severe defects in leaves and flowers. In particular, the width of the leaf blade is greatly reduced, and each leaflet in the mutants has fewer and deeper serrations. In addition, the number and shape of the floral organs are altered, resulting in smaller fruits. Mapping by sequencing revealed that both mutations reside in the FveYUC4 gene, and were therefore renamed as yuc4-1 and yuc4-2. Consistent with a role for FveYUC4 in auxin synthesis, free auxin and its metabolites are significantly reduced in the yuc4 leaves and flowers. This role of FveYUC4 in leaf and flower development is supported by its high and specific expression in young leaves and flower buds using GUS reporters. Furthermore, germline transformation of pYUC4::YUC4, which resulted in elevated expression of FveYUC4 in yuc4 mutants, not only rescued the leaf and flower defects but also produced parthenocarpic fruits. Taken together, our data demonstrate that FveYUC4 is essential for leaf and flower morphogenesis in woodland strawberry by providing auxin hormone at the proper time and in the right tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengting Pi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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19
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Shen S, Ma S, Wu L, Zhou SL, Ruan YL. Winners take all: competition for carbon resource determines grain fate. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:893-901. [PMID: 37080837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As an evolutionary strategy, plants overproduce ovaries as a safety net for survival, with those losing in the competition for resources being aborted. Grain abortion is, however, highly detrimental agronomically. The molecular basis of selective abortion of grain siblings remains unknown. In this opinion article we assess the current understanding of the molecular players controlling carbon resource import into ovaries and young grains, followed by an evaluation of the spatial hierarchy of sink capacity among grain siblings, focusing on the roles exerted by sugar transporters and enzymes. We argue that, upon sequential pollination and fertilization, robust activation of the carbon import and sugar signaling system plays a key role in establishing the capacity of grain siblings to acquire enough carbon resources to survive and thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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20
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Tran LT, Sugimoto K, Kasozi M, Mitalo OW, Ezura H. Pollination, pollen tube growth, and fertilization independently contribute to fruit set and development in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1205816. [PMID: 37416886 PMCID: PMC10319911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1205816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollination, pollen tube growth, and fertilization are regarded as the first hierarchical processes of producing offspring. However, their independent contributions to fruit set and development remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of three different types of pollen, intact pollen (IP), soft X-ray-treated pollen (XP) and dead pollen (DP), on pollen tube growth, fruit development and gene expression in "Micro-Tom" tomato. Normal germination and pollen tube growth were observed in flowers pollinated with IP; pollen tubes started to penetrate the ovary at 9 h after pollination, and full penetration was achieved after 24 h (IP24h), resulting in ~94% fruit set. At earlier time points (3 and 6 h after pollination; IP3h and IP6h, respectively), pollen tubes were still in the style, and no fruit set was observed. Flowers pollinated with XP followed by style removal after 24 h (XP24h) also demonstrated regular pollen tubes and produced parthenocarpic fruits with ~78% fruit set. As expected, DP could not germinate and failed to activate fruit formation. Histological analysis of the ovary at 2 days after anthesis (DAA) revealed that IP and XP comparably increased cell layers and cell size; however, mature fruits derived from XP were significantly smaller than those derived from IP. Furthermore, there was a high correlation between seed number and fruit size in fruit derived from IP, illustrating the crucial role of fertilization in the latter stages of fruit development. RNA-Seq analysis was carried out in ovaries derived from IP6h, IP24h, XP24h and DP24h in comparison with emasculated and unpollinated ovaries (E) at 2 DAA. The results revealed that 65 genes were differentially expressed (DE) in IP6h ovaries; these genes were closely associated with cell cycle dormancy release pathways. Conversely, 5062 and 4383 DE genes were obtained in IP24h and XP24h ovaries, respectively; top enriched terms were mostly associated with cell division and expansion in addition to the 'plant hormone signal transduction' pathway. These findings indicate that full penetration of pollen tubes can initiate fruit set and development independently of fertilization, most likely by activating the expression of genes regulating cell division and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long T. Tran
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koichi Sugimoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michael Kasozi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Oscar W. Mitalo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Nagdalian AA, Blinov AV, Siddiqui SA, Gvozdenko AA, Golik AB, Maglakelidze DG, Rzhepakovsky IV, Kukharuk MY, Piskov SI, Rebezov MB, Shah MA. Effect of selenium nanoparticles on biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:6453. [PMID: 37081125 PMCID: PMC10119286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the effect of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on the biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre L.) We used seeds of Hordéum vulgáre L. with reduced morphofunctional characteristics. For the experiment, Se NPs were synthesized and stabilized with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. It was found that Se NPs have a spherical shape and a diameter of about 50 nm. According to dynamic light scattering data, the average hydrodynamic radius of the particles was 28 ± 8 nm. It is observed that the nanoparticles have a positive ζ-potential (+ 27.3 mV). For the experiment, we treated Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs (1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L). The experiment showed that treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs has the best effect on the length of roots and sprout at concentration of 5 mg/L and on the number and thickness of roots at 10 mg/L. Germinability and germination energy of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds were higher in group treated with 5 mg/L Se NPs. Analysis of macrophotographs of samples, histological sections of roots and 3D visualization of seeds by microcomputing tomography confirmed the best effect at 5 mg/L Se NPs. Moreover, no local destructions were detected at concentrations > 5 mg/L, which is most likely due to the inhibition of regulatory and catalytic processes in the germinating seeds. the treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with > 5 mg/L Se NPs caused significant stress, coupled with intensive formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to a reorientation of root system growth towards thickening. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that Se NPs at concentrations > 5 mg/L had a toxic effect. The treatment of barley seeds with 5% Se NPs showed maximum efficiency in the experiment, which allows us to further consider Se NPs as a stimulator for the growth and development of crop seeds under stress and reduced morphofunctional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.v.), Prof.-Von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maksim Borisovich Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Department of Economics, Kabridahar University, Kabridahar, Post Box 250, Somali, Ethiopia.
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
- School of Business, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502345, India.
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22
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Sadka A, Walker CH, Haim D, Bennett T. Just enough fruit: understanding feedback mechanisms during sexual reproductive development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2448-2461. [PMID: 36724082 PMCID: PMC10112685 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fruit and seed produced by a small number of crop plants provide the majority of food eaten across the world. Given the growing global population, there is a pressing need to increase yields of these crops without using more land or more chemical inputs. Many of these crops display prominent 'fruit-flowering feedbacks', in which fruit produced early in sexual reproductive development can inhibit the production of further fruit by a range of mechanisms. Understanding and overcoming these feedbacks thus presents a plausible route to increasing crop yields 'for free'. In this review, we define three key types of fruit-flowering feedback, and examine how frequent they are and their effects on reproduction in a wide range of both wild and cultivated species. We then assess how these phenomenologically distinct phenomena might arise from conserved phytohormonal signalling events, particularly the export of auxin from growing organs. Finally, we offer some thoughts on the evolutionary basis for these self-limiting sexual reproductive patterns, and whether they are also present in the cereal crops that fundamentally underpin global diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catriona H Walker
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dor Haim
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Institute, Rishon Le’Zion 7528809, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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23
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Yu X, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shen H, Yang L. Transcriptomic Analysis of Hormone Signal Transduction, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Heat Shock Proteins, and SCF Complexes before and after Fertilization of Korean Pine Ovules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076570. [PMID: 37047551 PMCID: PMC10094794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fertilization process is a critical step in plant reproduction. However, the mechanism of action and mode of regulation of the fertilization process in gymnosperms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the molecular regulatory networks involved in the fertilization process in Korean pine ovules through anatomical observation, physiological and biochemical assays, and transcriptome sequencing technology. The morphological and physiological results indicated that fertilization proceeds through the demise of the proteinaceous vacuole, egg cell division, and pollen tube elongation. Auxin, cytokinin, soluble sugar, and soluble starch contents begin to decline upon fertilization. Transcriptomic data analysis revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes at different times before and after fertilization. These genes were primarily involved in pathways associated with plant hormone signal transduction, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, fructose metabolism, and mannose metabolism. The expression levels of several key genes were further confirmed by qRT-PCR. These findings represent an important step towards understanding the mechanisms underlying morphological changes in the Korean pine ovule during fertilization, and the physiological and transcriptional analyses lay a foundation for in-depth studies of the molecular regulatory network of the Korean pine fertilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
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24
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Li J, Wang K, Yang Y, Lu Y, Cui K, Ji Y, Ma L, Cheng K, Ostersetzer-Biran O, Li F, Qu G, Zhu B, Fu D, Luo Y, Zhu H. SlRIP1b is a global organellar RNA editing factor, required for normal fruit development in tomato plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1188-1203. [PMID: 36345265 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RNA editing in plant organelles involves numerous C-U conversions, which often restore evolutionarily conserved codons and may generate new translation initiation and termination codons. These RNA maturation events rely on a subset of nuclear-encoded protein cofactors. Here, we provide evidence of the role of SlRIP1b on RNA editing of mitochondrial transcripts in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. SlRIP1b is a RIP/MORF protein that was originally identified as an interacting partner of the organellar editing factor SlORRM4. Mutants of SlRIP1b, obtained by CRISPR/Cas9 strategy, exhibited abnormal carpel development and grew into fruit with more locules. RNA-sequencing revealed that SlRIP1b affects the C-U editing of numerous mitochondrial pre-RNA transcripts and in particular altered RNA editing of various cytochrome c maturation (CCM)-related genes. The slrip1b mutants display increased H2 O2 and aberrant mitochondrial morphologies, which are associated with defects in cytochrome c biosynthesis and assembly of respiratory complex III. Taken together, our results indicate that SlRIP1b is a global editing factor that plays a key role in CCM and oxidative phosphorylation system biogenesis during fruit development in tomato plants. These data provide important insights into the molecular roles of organellar RNA editing factors during fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Keru Wang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongfang Yang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yao Lu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaicheng Cui
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticultural and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yajing Ji
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liqun Ma
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Oren Ostersetzer-Biran
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus - Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Feng Li
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticultural and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guiqin Qu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Daqi Fu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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25
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Ma Z, Ma L, Zhou J. Applications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in economically important fruit crops: recent advances and future directions. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:1. [PMID: 37789479 PMCID: PMC10515014 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fruit crops, consist of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, are the major sources of nutrients and fiber for human diet. Since 2013, CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-Associated Protein) genome editing system has been widely employed in different plants, leading to unprecedented progress in the genetic improvement of many agronomically important fruit crops. Here, we summarize latest advancements in CRISPR/Cas genome editing of fruit crops, including efforts to decipher the mechanisms behind plant development and plant immunity, We also highlight the potential challenges and improvements in the application of genome editing tools to fruit crops, including optimizing the expression of CRISPR/Cas cassette, improving the delivery efficiency of CRISPR/Cas reagents, increasing the specificity of genome editing, and optimizing the transformation and regeneration system. In addition, we propose the perspectives on the application of genome editing in crop breeding especially in fruit crops and highlight the potential challenges. It is worth noting that efforts to manipulate fruit crops with genome editing systems are urgently needed for fruit crops breeding and demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijing Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China.
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26
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Sánchez-Gómez C, Posé D, Martín-Pizarro C. Insights into transcription factors controlling strawberry fruit development and ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1022369. [PMID: 36299782 PMCID: PMC9589285 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a highly regulated and complex process involving a series of physiological and biochemical changes aiming to maximize fruit organoleptic traits to attract herbivores, maximizing therefore seed dispersal. Furthermore, this process is of key importance for fruit quality and therefore consumer acceptance. In fleshy fruits, ripening involves an alteration in color, in the content of sugars, organic acids and secondary metabolites, such as volatile compounds, which influence flavor and aroma, and the remodeling of cell walls, resulting in the softening of the fruit. The mechanisms underlying these processes rely on the action of phytohormones, transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Strawberry fruit is considered a model of non-climacteric species, as its ripening is mainly controlled by abscisic acid. Besides the role of phytohormones in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening, a number of transcription factors have been identified as important regulators of these processes to date. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the role of transcription factors in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening, as well as in compiling candidate regulators that might play an important role but that have not been functionally studied to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Posé
- *Correspondence: David Posé, ; Carmen Martín-Pizarro,
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