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Chang J, He Z, Xu S, Zheng X, Peng W, Ci P, Wang B, Zhang C, Dong S. A High-Q Electric-Mechano-Magnetic Coupled Resonator for ELF/SLF Cross-Medium Magnetic Communication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2309159. [PMID: 38148314 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Extremely/super low frequency (ELF/SLF) electromagnetic wave can effectively propagate in the harsh cross-medium environment where a high-frequency electromagnetic wave cannot pass due to the fast decay. For efficiently transmitting a strong ELF/SLF radiation signal, the traditional electromagnetic antenna requires a super-large loop (>10 km). To address this issue, in this work, a piezoelectric ceramic/ferromagnetic heterogeneous structured, cantilever beam-type electric-mechano-magnetic coupled resonator at only centimeter scale for ELF/SLF cross-medium magnetic communication is reported. Through designing hard-soft hybrid step-stiffness elastic beam, the resonator exhibits a much higher quality factor Q (≈240) for ELF/SLF magnetic field transmitting, which is one to five orders of magnitude higher than those of previously reported mechanical antennas and loop coil antennas. Moreover, the resonator exhibits a 5000 times higher magnetic field emitting efficiency compared to a conventional loop coil antenna in ELF/SLF band. It also demonstrates a 200% increase in magnetic field emitting capacity compared to existing piezoelectric-driven antennas. In addition, an ASK+PSK modulation method is proposed for suppressing relaxation time of the resonator, and a reduction in the relaxation time by 80% is observed. Furthermore, an air-seawater cross-medium magnetic field communication is successful demonstrated, indicating its potential as portable, high-efficient antenna for underwater and underground communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglei Chang
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang He
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shupeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xinyi Zheng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Penghong Ci
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuxiang Dong
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Zhao P, Chen T, Si J, Shi H, Hou X. Fabrication of a flexible stretchable hydrogel-based antenna using a femtosecond laser for miniaturization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32704-32716. [PMID: 37859066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a new method of fabricating a stretchable antenna by injecting liquid metal (LM) into a femtosecond-laser-ablated embedded hydrogel microchannel, and realized miniaturization of a stretchable dipole antenna based on hydrogel substrate. Firstly, symmetrical microchannels with two equal and linear branches were formed by a femtosecond laser in the middle of a hydrogel substrate, and then were filled with LM by use of a syringe needle. Using this method, a stretchable LM-dipole antenna with each dimension of 24 mm × 0.6 mm × 0.2 mm separated by a 2-mm gap, was formed in the middle of a 70 mm × 12 mm × 7 mm hydrogel slab. Since the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel contained ∼ 95 wt % deionized water with a high permittivity of 79 in the 0.5 GHz - 1.5 GHz range, the hydrogel used to prepare the flexible antenna can be considered as distilled water boxes. Experiments and simulations showed that a 5-cm-long LM-dipole embedded in hydrogel resonated at approximately 927.5 MHz with an S11 value of about - 12.6 dB and omnidirectional radiation direction. Benefiting from the high permittivity of the hydrogel, the dipole length was downsized by about half compared with conventional polymer substrates at the same resonant frequency. By varying the applied strain from 0 to 48%, the resonant frequency of the hydrogel/LM dipole antenna can be tuned from 770.3 MHz to 927.0 MHz. This method provides a simple and scalable technique for the design and preparation of LM-pattern microstructures in hydrogels, and has potential applications in hydrogel-based soft electronic device.
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Kaya L, Karatum O, Balamur R, Kaleli HN, Önal A, Vanalakar SA, Hasanreisoğlu M, Nizamoglu S. MnO 2 Nanoflower Integrated Optoelectronic Biointerfaces for Photostimulation of Neurons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301854. [PMID: 37386797 PMCID: PMC10477844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic biointerfaces have gained significant interest for wireless and electrical control of neurons. Three-dimentional (3D) pseudocapacitive nanomaterials with large surface areas and interconnected porous structures have great potential for optoelectronic biointerfaces that can fulfill the requirement of high electrode-electrolyte capacitance to effectively transduce light into stimulating ionic currents. In this study, the integration of 3D manganese dioxide (MnO2 ) nanoflowers into flexible optoelectronic biointerfaces for safe and efficient photostimulation of neurons is demonstrated. MnO2 nanoflowers are grown via chemical bath deposition on the return electrode, which has a MnO2 seed layer deposited via cyclic voltammetry. They facilitate a high interfacial capacitance (larger than 10 mF cm-2 ) and photogenerated charge density (over 20 µC cm-2 ) under low light intensity (1 mW mm-2 ). MnO2 nanoflowers induce safe capacitive currents with reversible Faradaic reactions and do not cause any toxicity on hippocampal neurons in vitro, making them a promising material for biointerfacing with electrogenic cells. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is recorded in the whole-cell configuration of hippocampal neurons, and the optoelectronic biointerfaces trigger repetitive and rapid firing of action potentials in response to light pulse trains. This study points out the potential of electrochemically-deposited 3D pseudocapacitive nanomaterials as a robust building block for optoelectronic control of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Kaya
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Onuralp Karatum
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Rıdvan Balamur
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Hümeyra Nur Kaleli
- Research Center for Translational MedicineKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Asım Önal
- Department of Biomedical Science and EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | | | - Murat Hasanreisoğlu
- Research Center for Translational MedicineKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
- Department of OphthalmologySchool of MedicineKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
- Department of Biomedical Science and EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
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Kwok KS, Zuo Y, Choi SJ, Pahapale GJ, Gu L, Gracias DH. Toward Single Cell Tattoos: Biotransfer Printing of Lithographic Gold Nanopatterns on Live Cells. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7477-7484. [PMID: 37526201 PMCID: PMC10799676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lithographic nanopatterning techniques such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography, and nanoimprint lithography (NIL) have revolutionized modern-day electronics and optics. Yet, their application for creating nanobio interfaces is limited by the cytotoxic and two-dimensional nature of conventional fabrication methods. Here, we present a biocompatible and cost-effective transfer process that leverages (a) NIL to define sub-300 nm gold (Au) nanopattern arrays, (b) amine functionalization of Au to transfer the NIL-arrays from a rigid substrate to a soft transfer layer, (c) alginate hydrogel as a flexible, degradable transfer layer, and (d) gelatin conjugation of the Au NIL-arrays to achieve conformal contact with live cells. We demonstrate biotransfer printing of the Au NIL-arrays on rat brains and live cells with high pattern fidelity and cell viability and observed differences in cell migration on the Au NIL-dot and NIL-wire printed hydrogels. We anticipate that this nanolithography-compatible biotransfer printing method could advance bionics, biosensing, and biohybrid tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Sang Kwok
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gayatri J. Pahapale
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Center for MicroPhysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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Shields CW. Biohybrid microrobots for enhancing adoptive cell transfers. ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2023; 4:566-569. [PMID: 38737440 PMCID: PMC11086660 DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.3c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Wyatt Shields
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303, United States
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Aliqab K, Nadeem I, Khan SR. A Comprehensive Review of In-Body Biomedical Antennas: Design, Challenges and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1472. [PMID: 37512782 PMCID: PMC10385670 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In-body biomedical devices (IBBDs) are receiving significant attention in the discovery of solutions to complex medical conditions. Biomedical devices, which can be ingested, injected or implanted in the human body, have made it viable to screen the physiological signs of a patient wirelessly, without regular hospital appointments and routine check-ups, where the antenna is a mandatory element for transferring bio-data from the IBBDs to the external world. However, the design of an in-body antenna is challenging due to the dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and unpredictability of the organ structures of the human body, which can absorb most of the antenna radiation. Therefore, various factors must be considered for an in-body antenna, such as miniaturization, link budget, patient safety, biocompatibility, low power consumption and the ability to work effectively within acceptable medical frequency bands. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the major facets associated with the design and challenges of in-body antennas. The review comprises surveying the design specifications and implementation methodology, simulation software and testing of in-body biomedical antennas. This work aims to summarize the recent in-body antenna innovations for biomedical applications and indicates the key research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Aliqab
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iram Nadeem
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sadeque Reza Khan
- Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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Gaikwad SK, Kharat SP, Haritha K, Kolekar YD, Ramana CV. Effect of Dy 3+ and Tb 3+ Rare-Earth Cation Co-Substitution on the Structure, Magnetic, and Magnetostrictive Properties of Ni-Co-Ferrites. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37450403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of electromagnetic and magnetoelectric materials with enhanced properties and performance are desirable for numerous technologies, which are based on integrated electromagnetic materials and components. Nevertheless, engineering the crystalline materials with multi-complex chemistry and multiple cations is challenging. In this context, herein, we report on the effect of rare-earth (RE) cations, namely, Dy3+ and Tb3+, co-substituted into the Co-Ni-mixed ferrite materials for applications in stress/torque sensors. The RE-cations that co-substituted Co-Ni-ferrite materials with a composition of Ni0.8Co0.2Fe2-x(Dy1-yTby)xO4 (x = 0-0.1, y = 0.3; NCFDT) were prepared by the high-temperature solid-state chemical reaction method. The effect of variable composition (x) on the structure, morphology, chemical bonding, and magnetic properties of NCFDT materials is investigated in detail, and the structure-property optimization enabled realizing magnetostrictive NCFDT for sensor applications. X-ray diffraction analysis coupled with Rietveld refinement confirms the face-centered cubic crystal structure. Chemical bonding analysis made using Raman spectroscopic and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements validates the active modes corresponding to the spinel ferrite structure. The effect of Dy3+ and Tb3+ substitution is primarily seen in the grain size (range of 5-15 μm), as evident from the scanning electron microscopy patterns. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirms the presence of all constituent elements with expected composition and without any impurities. The magnetic property measurements indicate that the remnant magnetization (Mr) increases from 0.06 to 0.17 μB/f.u. with the rare-earth (Dy and Tb) substitution and has achieved the maximum squareness ratio (Mr/Ms) = 0.097 at x = 0.10. To validate their application potential in magneto-mechanical sensors, we have measured the magnetostriction coefficients (λ11 and λ12), which demonstrate high values of λ11 = -92 ppm (along the parallel direction) and λ12 = 66 ppm (along the perpendicular direction) for NCFDT with x = 0.05 at H = 7000 Oe. In addition, the maximum value of strain sensitivity is observed, particularly dλ11dH = -0.764 nm/A whereas dλ12dH = 0.361 nm/A. The correlation between strain sensitivity (dλ/dH) and susceptibility (dM/dH), as derived from magnetostriction and magnetization measurements, respectively, is established. The outcomes of this study indicate that Ni-Co-ferrites with Dy3+ and Tb3+ substitution are suitable for stress/torque sensors. These NCFDT ferrites may also be useful as a necessary constitutive phase for the manufacture of magnetoelectric composite materials, making them appropriate for magnetic field sensors and energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati K Gaikwad
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Physics, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shahaji P Kharat
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Physics, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Keerthi Haritha
- Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Yesh D Kolekar
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - C V Ramana
- Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CMR), University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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Satish M, Shashanka HM, Saha S, Haritha K, Das D, Anantharamaiah PN, Ramana CV. Effect of High-Anisotropic Co 2+ Substitution for Ni 2+ on the Structural, Magnetic, and Magnetostrictive Properties of NiFe 2O 4: Implications for Sensor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15691-15706. [PMID: 36939288 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the effect of substituting a low-anisotropic and low-magnetic cation (Ni2+, 2μB) by a high-anisotropic and high-magnetic cation (Co2+, 3μB) on the crystal structure, phase, microstructure, magnetic properties, and magnetostrictive properties of NiFe2O4 (NFO). Co-substituted NFO (Ni1-xCoxFe2O4, NCFO, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanomaterials were synthesized using glycine-nitrate autocombustion followed by postsynthesis annealing at 1200 °C. The X-ray diffraction measurements coupled with Rietveld refinement analyses indicate the significant effect of Co-substitution for Ni, where the lattice constant (a) exhibits a functional dependence on composition (x). The a-value increases from 8.3268 to 8.3751 Å (±0.0002 Å) with increasing the "x" value from 0 to 1 in NCFO. The a-x functional dependence is derived from the ionic-size difference between Co2+ and Ni2+, which also induces grain agglomeration, as evidenced in electron microscopy imaging. The chemical bonding of NCFO, as probed by Raman spectroscopy, reveals that Co(x)-substitution induced a red shift of the T2g(2) and A1g(1) modes, and it is attributed to the changes in the metal-oxygen bond length in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites in NCFO. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the presence of Co2+, Ni2+, and Fe3+ chemical states in addition to the cation distribution upon Co-substitution in NFO. Chemical homogeneity and uniform distribution of Co, Ni, Fe, and O are confirmed by EDS. The magnetic parameters, saturation magnetization (MS), remnant magnetization (Mr), coercivity (HC), and anisotropy constant (K1) increased with increasing Co-content "x" in NCFO. The magnetostriction (λ) also follows a similar behavior and almost linearly varies from -33 ppm (x = 0) to -227 ppm (x = 1), which is primarily due to the high magnetocrystalline anisotropy contribution from Co2+ ions at the octahedral sites. The magnetic and magnetostriction measurements and analyses indicate the potential of NCFO for torque sensor applications. Efforts to optimize materials for sensor applications indicate that, among all of the NCFO materials, Co-substitution with x = 0.5 demonstrates high strain sensitivity (-2.3 × 10-9 m/A), which is nearly 2.5 times higher than that obtained for their intrinsic counterparts, namely, NiFe2O4 (x = 0) and CoFe2O4 (x = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudalagiriyappa Satish
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Hadonahalli Munegowda Shashanka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Sujoy Saha
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Keerthi Haritha
- Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Debabrata Das
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | | | - C V Ramana
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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