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Zhang J, Ji H, Liu M, Zheng M, Wen Z, Shen H. Mitochondrial DNA Programs Lactylation of cGAS to Induce IFN Responses in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:795-807. [PMID: 39093026 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is frequently released from mitochondria, activating cGAS-STING signaling and inducing type I IFNs (IFN-Is) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Meanwhile, whether and how the glycolytic pathway was involved in such IFN-I responses in human SLE remain unclear. In this study, we found that monocytes from SLE patients exerted robust IFN-I generation and elevated level of cytosolic mtDNA. Transfection of mtDNA into THP-1 macrophages was efficient in inducing IFN-I responses, together with the strong glycolytic pathway that promoted lactate production, mimicking the SLE phenotype. Blockade of lactate generation abrogated such IFN-I responses and, vice versa, exogenous lactate enhanced the IFN-I generation. Mechanistically, lactate promoted the lactylation of cGAS, which inhibited its binding to E3 ubiquitination ligase MARCHF5, blocking cGAS degradation and leading to strong IFN-I responses. In accordance, targeting lactate generation alleviated disease development in humanized SLE chimeras. Collectively, cytosolic mtDNA drives metabolic adaption toward the glycolytic pathway, promoting lactylation of cGAS for licensing IFN-I responses in human SLE and thereby assigning the glycolytic pathway as a promising therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haili Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Liu W, Yuan C, Fu B, Xie J, Li W, Zhang G, Ma Z, Jiao P. E3 ubiquitin ligase ANKIB1 attenuates antiviral immune responses by promoting K48-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114687. [PMID: 39213157 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon sensing cytosolic viral RNA, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) interact with mitochondrial antiviral signaling proteins (MAVSs) to activate IRF3 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, initiating innate immune responses. Thus, RLR activation plays a vital role in the removal of invasive RNA viruses while maintaining immune homeostasis. However, inadequate or excessive activation of immunity can cause harm and can even lead to lethal consequences. In this study, we identify an E3 ligase, ankyrin repeat and IBR domain containing 1 (ANKIB1), which suppresses RLR signaling via MAVS. ANKIB1 binds to MAVS to enhance K48-linked polyubiquitination with K311R, causing proteasomal degradation of MAVS. Deficiency of ANKIB1 significantly increases the RLR-mediated production of type I interferon (IFN) along with pro-inflammatory factors. Consequently, ANKIB1 deficiency remarkably increases antiviral immunity and decreases viral replication in vivo. Therefore, we reveal that ANKIB1 restricts RLR-induced innate immune activation, indicating its potential role as a therapeutic target for viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cui Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Buwen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiufeng Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhenling Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Pengtao Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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3
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Zhu J, Liu G, Sayyad Z, Goins CM, Stauffer SR, Gack MU. ISGylation of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein by HERC5 impedes N oligomerization and thereby viral RNA synthesis. J Virol 2024:e0086924. [PMID: 39194248 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00869-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein, is covalently conjugated to host immune proteins such as MDA5 and IRF3 in a process called ISGylation, thereby promoting type I IFN induction to limit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, whether SARS-CoV-2 proteins can be directly targeted for ISGylation remains elusive. In this study, we identified the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a major substrate of ISGylation catalyzed by the host E3 ligase HERC5; however, N ISGylation is readily removed through deISGylation by the papain-like protease (PLpro) activity of NSP3. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that the N protein undergoes ISGylation at four lysine residues (K266, K355, K387, and K388), and mutational analysis of these sites in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 replicon (N-4KR) abolished N ISGylation and alleviated ISGylation-mediated inhibition of viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, our results indicated that HERC5 targets preferentially phosphorylated N protein for ISGylation to regulate its oligomeric assembly. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the host ISGylation machinery directly targets SARS-CoV-2 proteins to restrict viral replication and illuminate how an intricate interplay of host (HERC5) and viral (PLpro) enzymes coordinates viral protein ISGylation and thereby regulates virus replication.IMPORTANCEThe role of protein ISGylation in regulating host cellular processes has been studied extensively; however, how ISG15 conjugation influences the activity of viral proteins, particularly coronaviral proteins, is largely unknown. Our study uncovered that the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is ISGylated by the HERC5 ISGylation machinery and that this modification impedes the functional assembly of N into oligomers ultimately inhibiting viral RNA synthesis. This antiviral restriction mechanism is antagonized by the PLpro deISGylation activity of SARS-CoV-2 NSP3. This study deepens our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 protein regulation by posttranslational modifications and may open new avenues for designing antiviral strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zuberwasim Sayyad
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher M Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
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4
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Chen J, Qi D, Hu H, Wang X, Lin W. Unconventional posttranslational modification in innate immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:290. [PMID: 38970666 PMCID: PMC11335215 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in innate immunity, and a complex network tightly controls their signaling cascades to maintain immune homeostasis. Within the modification network, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are at the core of signaling cascades. Conventional PTMs, which include phosphorylation and ubiquitination, have been extensively studied. The regulatory role of unconventional PTMs, involving unanchored ubiquitination, ISGylation, SUMOylation, NEDDylation, methylation, acetylation, palmitoylation, glycosylation, and myristylation, in the modulation of innate immune signaling pathways has been increasingly investigated. This comprehensive review delves into the emerging field of unconventional PTMs and highlights their pivotal role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dejun Qi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haorui Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Wenlong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Velez-Brochero M, Behera P, Afreen KS, Odle A, Rajsbaum R. Ubiquitination in viral entry and replication: Mechanisms and implications. Adv Virus Res 2024; 119:1-38. [PMID: 38897707 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitination process is a reversible posttranslational modification involved in many essential cellular functions, such as innate immunity, cell signaling, trafficking, protein stability, and protein degradation. Viruses can use the ubiquitin system to efficiently enter host cells, replicate and evade host immunity, ultimately enhancing viral pathogenesis. Emerging evidence indicates that enveloped viruses can carry free (unanchored) ubiquitin or covalently ubiquitinated viral structural proteins that can increase the efficiency of viral entry into host cells. Furthermore, viruses continuously evolve and adapt to take advantage of the host ubiquitin machinery, highlighting its importance during virus infection. This review discusses the battle between viruses and hosts, focusing on how viruses hijack the ubiquitination process at different steps of the replication cycle, with a specific emphasis on viral entry. We discuss how ubiquitination of viral proteins may affect tropism and explore emerging therapeutics strategies targeting the ubiquitin system for antiviral drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Velez-Brochero
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate Immunity and Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Padmanava Behera
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate Immunity and Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Kazi Sabrina Afreen
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate Immunity and Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Abby Odle
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate Immunity and Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate Immunity and Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.
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6
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Bonacci T, Bolhuis DL, Brown NG, Emanuele MJ. Mechanisms of USP18 deISGylation revealed by comparative analysis with its human paralog USP41. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596309. [PMID: 38853827 PMCID: PMC11160589 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene 15) regulates the host response to bacterial and viral infections through its conjugation to proteins (ISGylation) following interferon production. ISGylation is antagonized by the highly specific cysteine protease USP18, which is the major deISGylating enzyme. However, mechanisms underlying USP18's extraordinary specificity towards ISG15 remains elusive. Here, we show that USP18 interacts with its paralog USP41, whose catalytic domain shares 97% identity with USP18. However, USP41 does not act as a deISGylase, which led us to perform a comparative analysis to decipher the basis for this difference, revealing molecular determinants of USP18's specificity towards ISG15. We found that USP18 C-terminus, as well as a conserved Leucine at position 198, are essential for its enzymatic activity and likely act as functional surfaces based on AlphaFold predictions. Finally, we propose that USP41 antagonizes conjugation of the understudied ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 (HLA-F adjacent transcript 10) from substrates in a catalytic-independent manner. Altogether, our results offer new insights into USP18's specificity towards ISG15, while identifying USP41 as a negative regulator of FAT10 conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bonacci
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Derek L Bolhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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7
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Qin Y, Wang M, Meng X, Wang M, Jiang H, Gao Y, Li J, Zhao C, Han C, Zhao W, Zheng X. ISGylation by HERCs facilitates STING activation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114135. [PMID: 38652662 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimal activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein is crucial for host defenses against pathogens and avoiding detrimental effects. Various post-translational modifications control STING activity. However, the function of interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 modification (ISGylation) in controlling STING stability and activation is unclear. Here, we show that the E3 ISGylation ligases HECT domain- and RCC1-like domain-containing proteins (HERCs; HERC5 in humans and HERC6 in mice) facilitate STING activation by mediating ISGylation of STING at K150, preventing its K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation. Concordantly, Herc6 deficiency suppresses herpes simplex virus 1 infection-induced type I IFN responses and facilitates viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 protein papain-like protease cleaves HERC5-mediated ISGylation of STING, suppressing host antiviral responses. These data identify a mechanism by which HERCs-mediated ISGylation controls STING stability and activation and uncover the correlations and interactions of ISGylation and ubiquitination during STING activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qin
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Meng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haojia Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjie Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chaofeng Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Histology and Embryology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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8
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Zhu J, Liu G, Goins CM, Stauffer SR, Gack MU. ISGylation of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein by HERC5 impedes N oligomerization and thereby viral RNA synthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594393. [PMID: 39149229 PMCID: PMC11326284 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein, is covalently conjugated to host (immune) proteins such as MDA5 and IRF3 in a process called ISGylation, thereby limiting the replication of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, whether SARS-CoV-2 proteins can be directly targeted for ISGylation remains elusive. In this study, we identified the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a major substrate of ISGylation catalyzed by the host E3 ligase HERC5; however, N ISGylation is readily removed through de-ISGylation by the papain-like protease (PLpro) activity of NSP3. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that the N protein undergoes ISGylation at four lysine residues (K266, K355, K387 and K388), and mutational analysis of these sites in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 replicon (N-4KR) abolished N ISGylation and alleviated ISGylation-mediated inhibition of viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, our results indicated that HERC5 targets preferentially phosphorylated N protein for ISGylation to regulate its oligomeric assembly. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the host ISGylation machinery directly targets SARS-CoV-2 proteins to restrict viral replication and illuminate how an intricate interplay of host (HERC5) and viral (PLpro) enzymes coordinates viral protein ISGylation and thereby regulates virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michaela U. Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
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9
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Guo YY, Gao Y, Zhao YL, Xie C, Gan H, Cheng X, Yang LP, Hu J, Shu HB, Zhong B, Lin D, Yao J. Viral infection and spread are inhibited by the polyubiquitination and downregulation of TRPV2 channel by the interferon-stimulated gene TRIM21. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114095. [PMID: 38613787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) contributes to the host's antiviral response by inducing IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, their functional targets and the mechanism of action remain elusive. Here, we report that one such ISG, TRIM21, interacts with and degrades the TRPV2 channel in myeloid cells, reducing its expression and providing host protection against viral infections. Moreover, viral infection upregulates TRIM21 in paracrine and autocrine manners, downregulating TRPV2 in neighboring cells to prevent viral spread to uninfected cells. Consistently, the Trim21-/- mice are more susceptible to HSV-1 and VSV infection than the Trim21+/+ littermates, in which viral susceptibility is rescued by inhibition or deletion of TRPV2. Mechanistically, TRIM21 catalyzes the K48-linked ubiquitination of TRPV2 at Lys295. TRPV2K295R is resistant to viral-infection-induced TRIM21-dependent ubiquitination and degradation, promoting viral infection more profoundly than wild-type TRPV2 when reconstituted into Lyz2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl myeloid cells. These findings characterize targeting the TRIM21-TRPV2 axis as a conducive strategy to control viral spread to bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yao Guo
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yun-Lin Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Xie
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Gan
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Xufeng Cheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Junyan Hu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
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10
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Chu L, Qian L, Chen Y, Duan S, Ding M, Sun W, Meng W, Zhu J, Wang Q, Hao H, Wang C, Cui S. HERC5-catalyzed ISGylation potentiates cGAS-mediated innate immunity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113870. [PMID: 38421872 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is essential to elicit type I interferon cascade response; thus, the activity of cGAS must be strictly regulated to boost the antiviral innate immunity. Here, we report that cGAS is responsible for the DNA-induced ISG15 conjugation system. The E3 HERC5 catalyzes the ISGylation of cytoplasmic cGAS at lysine 21, 187, 219, and 458, whereas Ubl carboxy-terminal hydrolase 18 removes the ISGylation of cGAS. The interaction of cGAS and HERC5 depends on the cGAS C-terminal domain and the RRC1-4 and RRC1-5 domains of HERC5. Mechanically, HERC5-catalyzed ISGylation promotes DNA-induced cGAS oligomerization and enhances cGAS enzymatic activity. Deficiency of ISGylation attenuates the downstream inflammatory gene expression induced by the cGAS-STING axis and the antiviral ability in mouse and human cells. Mice deficient in Isg15 or Herc6 are more vulnerable to herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Collectively, our study shows a positive feedback regulation of the cGAS-mediated innate immune pathway by ISGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Li Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shengnan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Shufang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China.
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11
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Lin C, Kuffour EO, Li T, Gertzen CGW, Kaiser J, Luedde T, König R, Gohlke H, Münk C. The ISG15-Protease USP18 Is a Pleiotropic Enhancer of HIV-1 Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:485. [PMID: 38675828 PMCID: PMC11053637 DOI: 10.3390/v16040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response to viruses is formed in part by interferon (IFN)-induced restriction factors, including ISG15, p21, and SAMHD1. IFN production can be blocked by the ISG15-specific protease USP18. HIV-1 has evolved to circumvent host immune surveillance. This mechanism might involve USP18. In our recent studies, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection induces USP18, which dramatically enhances HIV-1 replication by abrogating the antiviral function of p21. USP18 downregulates p21 by accumulating misfolded dominant negative p53, which inactivates wild-type p53 transactivation, leading to the upregulation of key enzymes involved in de novo dNTP biosynthesis pathways and inactivated SAMHD1. Despite the USP18-mediated increase in HIV-1 DNA in infected cells, it is intriguing to note that the cGAS-STING-mediated sensing of the viral DNA is abrogated. Indeed, the expression of USP18 or knockout of ISG15 inhibits the sensing of HIV-1. We demonstrate that STING is ISGylated at residues K224, K236, K289, K347, K338, and K370. The inhibition of STING K289-linked ISGylation suppresses its oligomerization and IFN induction. We propose that human USP18 is a novel factor that potentially contributes in multiple ways to HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Lin
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Edmund Osei Kuffour
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Taolan Li
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Christoph G. W. Gertzen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.G.W.G.); (J.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Jesko Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.G.W.G.); (J.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany;
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.G.W.G.); (J.K.); (H.G.)
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carsten Münk
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
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12
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Zhai Y, Du Y, Yuan H, Fan S, Chen X, Wang J, He W, Han S, Zhang Y, Hu M, Zhang G, Kong Z, Wan B. Ubiquitin-specific proteinase 1 stabilizes PRRSV nonstructural protein Nsp1β to promote viral replication by regulating K48 ubiquitination. J Virol 2024; 98:e0168623. [PMID: 38376196 PMCID: PMC10949481 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01686-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can lead to severe reproductive problems in sows, pneumonia in weaned piglets, and increased mortality, significantly negatively impacting the economy. Post-translational changes are essential for the host-dependent replication and long-term infection of PRRSV. Uncertainty surrounds the function of the ubiquitin network in PRRSV infection. Here, we screened 10 deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors and found that the ubiquitin-specific proteinase 1 (USP1) inhibitor ML323 significantly inhibited PRRSV replication in vitro. Importantly, we found that USP1 interacts with nonstructural protein 1β (Nsp1β) and deubiquitinates its K48 to increase protein stability, thereby improving PRRSV replication and viral titer. Among them, lysine at position 45 is essential for Nsp1β protein stability. In addition, deficiency of USP1 significantly reduced viral replication. Moreover, ML323 loses antagonism to PRRSV rSD16-K45R. This study reveals the mechanism by which PRRSV recruits the host factor USP1 to promote viral replication, providing a new target for PRRSV defense.IMPORTANCEDeubiquitinating enzymes are critical factors in regulating host innate immunity. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nonstructural protein 1β (Nsp1β) is essential for producing viral subgenomic mRNA and controlling the host immune system. The host inhibits PRRSV proliferation by ubiquitinating Nsp1β, and conversely, PRRSV recruits the host protein ubiquitin-specific proteinase 1 (USP1) to remove this restriction. Our results demonstrate the binding of USP1 to Nsp1β, revealing a balance of antagonism between PRRSV and the host. Our research identifies a brand-new PRRSV escape mechanism from the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economic Business & Management, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenrui He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shichong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Man Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Peking University, Beijing, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Bo Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Zhang ZD, Shi CR, Li FX, Gan H, Wei Y, Zhang Q, Shuai X, Chen M, Lin YL, Xiong TC, Chen X, Zhong B, Lin D. Disulfiram ameliorates STING/MITA-dependent inflammation and autoimmunity by targeting RNF115. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:275-291. [PMID: 38267694 PMCID: PMC10901794 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
STING (also known as MITA) is an adaptor protein that mediates cytoplasmic DNA-triggered signaling, and aberrant activation of STING/MITA by cytosolic self-DNA or gain-of-function mutations causes severe inflammation. Here, we show that STING-mediated inflammation and autoimmunity are promoted by RNF115 and alleviated by the RNF115 inhibitor disulfiram (DSF). Knockout of RNF115 or treatment with DSF significantly inhibit systemic inflammation and autoimmune lethality and restore immune cell development in Trex1-/- mice and STINGN153S/WT bone marrow chimeric mice. In addition, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of RNF115 substantially downregulate the expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ and proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who exhibit high concentrations of dsDNA in peripheral blood. Mechanistically, knockout or inhibition of RNF115 impair the oligomerization and Golgi localization of STING in various types of cells transfected with cGAMP and in organs and cells from Trex1-/- mice. Interestingly, knockout of RNF115 inhibits the activation and Golgi localization of STINGN153S as well as the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells but not in endothelial cells or fibroblasts. Taken together, these findings highlight the RNF115-mediated cell type-specific regulation of STING and STINGN153S and provide potential targeted intervention strategies for STING-related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chang-Rui Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fang-Xu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hu Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xin Shuai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tian-Chen Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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14
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Zheng Y, Yang H, Zhang X, Gao C. Regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antiviral innate immunity by ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like conjugation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194984. [PMID: 37717938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A global pandemic COVID-19 resulting from SARS-CoV-2 has affected a significant portion of the human population. Antiviral innate immunity is critical for controlling and eliminating the viral infection. Ubiquitination is extensively involved in antiviral signaling, and recent studies suggest that ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) modifications also participate in innate antiviral pathways such as RLR and cGAS-STING pathways. Notably, virus infection harnesses ubiquitination and Ubls modifications to facilitate viral replication and counteract innate antiviral immunity. These observations indicate that ubiquitination and Ubls modifications are critical checkpoints for the tug-of-war between virus and host. This review discusses the current progress regarding the modulation of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and antiviral innate immune pathways by ubiquitination and Ubls modifications. This paper emphasizes the arising concept that ubiquitination and Ubls modifications are powerful modulators of virus and host interaction and potential drug targets for treating the infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Huiyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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15
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Sarkar L, Liu G, Gack MU. ISG15: its roles in SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1262-1275. [PMID: 37573184 PMCID: PMC10840963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like pleiotropic protein and one of the most abundant ISGs, has been studied extensively; however, its roles in SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections have just begun to be elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that ISG15 - either in its conjugated or unconjugated 'free' form - acts both intracellularly and extracellularly, and exerts anti- or pro-viral effects. To counteract ISG15's antiviral roles, viruses have evolved sophisticated tactics. Here, we discuss recent advances in ISG15's physiological functions as a post-translational modifier or 'cytokine-like' molecule during SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Furthermore, we highlight the detailed mechanisms viruses use to block ISG15-dependent antiviral defenses. A comprehensive understanding of ISG15 biology in the context of virus infection may spur new therapeutic approaches for a range of viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Sarkar
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA.
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16
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Ding S, Pang X, Luo S, Gao H, Li B, Yue J, Chen J, Hu S, Tu Z, He D, Kuang Y, Dong Z, Zhang M. Dynamic RBM47 ISGylation confers broad immunoprotection against lung injury and tumorigenesis via TSC22D3 downregulation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:430. [PMID: 38036512 PMCID: PMC10689852 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ISGylation is a well-established antiviral mechanism, but its specific function in immune and tissue homeostasis regulation remains elusive. Here, we reveal that the RNA-binding protein RBM47 undergoes phosphorylation-dependent ISGylation at lysine 329 to regulate immune activation and maintain lung homeostasis. K329R knockin (KI) mice with defective RBM47-ISGylation display heightened susceptibility to LPS-induced acute lung injury and lung tumorigenesis, accompanied with multifaceted immunosuppression characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory factors, reduced IFNs/related chemokines, increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and impaired tertiary lymphoid structures. Mechanistically, RBM47-ISGylation regulation of the expression of TSC22D3 mRNA, a glucocorticoid-inducible transcription factor, partially accounts for the effects of RBM47-ISGylation deficiency due to its broad immunosuppressive activity. We further demonstrate the direct inhibitory effect of RBM47-ISGylation on TSC22D3 expression in human cells using a nanobody-targeted E3 ligase to induce site-specific ISGylation. Furthermore, epinephrine-induced S309 phosphorylation primes RBM47-ISGylation, with epinephrine treatment exacerbating dysregulated cytokine expression and ALI induction in K329R KI mice. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the dynamic regulation of RBM47-ISGylation in supporting immune activation and maintaining lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Ding
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiquan Pang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Huili Gao
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junqiu Yue
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zepeng Tu
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong He
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Youyi Kuang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 232, Hesong Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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17
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Lin C, Kuffour EO, Fuchs NV, Gertzen CGW, Kaiser J, Hirschenberger M, Tang X, Xu HC, Michel O, Tao R, Haase A, Martin U, Kurz T, Drexler I, Görg B, Lang PA, Luedde T, Sparrer KMJ, Gohlke H, König R, Münk C. Regulation of STING activity in DNA sensing by ISG15 modification. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113277. [PMID: 37864791 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA is mediated by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling axis. Signal transduction and regulation of this cascade is achieved by post-translational modifications. Here we show that cGAS-STING-dependent HIV-1 sensing requires interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15). ISG15 deficiency inhibits STING-dependent sensing of HIV-1 and STING agonist-induced antiviral response. Upon external stimuli, STING undergoes ISGylation at residues K224, K236, K289, K347, K338, and K370. Inhibition of STING ISGylation at K289 suppresses STING-mediated type Ⅰ interferon induction by inhibiting its oligomerization. Of note, removal of STING ISGylation alleviates gain-of-function phenotype in STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). Molecular modeling suggests that ISGylation of K289 is an important regulator of oligomerization. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ISGylation at K289 is crucial for STING activation and represents an important regulatory step in DNA sensing of viruses and autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Lin
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Edmund Osei Kuffour
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina V Fuchs
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Center for Structural Studies (CSS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jesko Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Xiao Tang
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Michel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ronny Tao
- Institute for Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Haase
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute for Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris Görg
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Carsten Münk
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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18
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Wang Y, Li F, Wang Z, Song X, Ren Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zheng K. Luteolin inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 infection by activating cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-mediated antiviral innate immunity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155020. [PMID: 37632997 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successive outbreaks of large-scale infectious diseases due to virus infection have been a major threat to human health in recent decades. Herpes simplex virus I (HSV-1) is a widely-disseminated DNA virus that infects the central nervous system to cause herpes labialis, keratitis and herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE), resulting in recurrent lifelong clinical or subclinical episodes. Luteolin is a plant flavone that has been extensively used in the treatment of various human diseases, including carcinogenesis, inflammation and chronic degenerative diseases. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral molecular mechanism of luteolin against HSV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The antiviral effect of luteolin in cell lines was examined by viral plaque assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot and time-of-addition assay. The interaction between luteolin and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) was evaluated by molecular modeling and semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis. The efficacy of luteolin on HSE was evaluated in the HSE mouse model by analyzing weight loss, neurodegenerative symptoms and histopathological scores. Cytokine expression and protein levels were examined by RT-qPCR, Western blot and ELISA. RESULTS Luteolin inhibited the early process of HSV-1 infection, without affecting the infection of acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strains. In addition, luteolin enhanced antiviral type I interferon production and activated the cytoplasmic DNA-sensing cGAS-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway. Luteolin directly bound the active substrate binding site and promoted the oligomerization of cGAS. Luteolin also inhibited HSE-related weight loss, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in mice caused by HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, luteolin enhanced type I interferon expression and stimulated the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in vivo. CONCLUSION Luteolin inhibited the post-entry process of HSV-1 by activating the cGAS-STING pathway to promote antiviral interferon production. These results provided the rationale for luteolin as a potent cGAS activator and antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial biotechnology drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, National Engineering Research Centre for Modernization of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial biotechnology drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, National Engineering Research Centre for Modernization of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Freedman AN, Roell K, Engwall E, Bulka C, Kuban KCK, Herring L, Mills CA, Parsons PJ, Galusha A, O’Shea TM, Fry RC. Prenatal Metal Exposure Alters the Placental Proteome in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns: Links to Gestational Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14977. [PMID: 37834424 PMCID: PMC10573797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to toxic metals is associated with altered placental function and adverse infant and child health outcomes. Adverse outcomes include those that are observed at the time of birth, such as low birthweight, as well as those that arise later in life, such as neurological impairment. It is often the case that these adverse outcomes show sex-specific responses in relation to toxicant exposures. While the precise molecular mechanisms linking in utero toxic metal exposures with later-in-life health are unknown, placental inflammation is posited to play a critical role. Here, we sought to understand whether in utero metal exposure is associated with alterations in the expression of the placental proteome by identifying metal associated proteins (MAPs). Within the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort (n = 230), placental and umbilical cord tissue samples were collected at birth. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn) concentrations were measured in umbilical cord tissue samples via ICP-MS/MS. Protein expression was examined in placental samples using an LC-MS/MS-based, global, untargeted proteomics analysis measuring more than 3400 proteins. MAPs were then evaluated for associations with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, including placental weight and gestational age. We hypothesized that metal levels would be positively associated with the altered expression of inflammation/immune-associated pathways and that sex-specific patterns of metal-associated placental protein expression would be observed. Sex-specific analyses identified 89 unique MAPs expressed in female placentas and 41 unique MAPs expressed in male placentas. Notably, many of the female-associated MAPs are known to be involved in immune-related processes, while the male-associated MAPs are associated with intracellular transport and cell localization. Further, several MAPs were significantly associated with gestational age in males and females and placental weight in males. These data highlight the linkage between prenatal metal exposure and an altered placental proteome, with implications for altering the trajectory of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N. Freedman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.N.F.); (E.E.)
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Kyle Roell
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Eiona Engwall
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.N.F.); (E.E.)
| | - Catherine Bulka
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Karl C. K. Kuban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Laura Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (L.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Christina A. Mills
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (L.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Patrick J. Parsons
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; (P.J.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12222, USA
| | - Aubrey Galusha
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; (P.J.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12222, USA
| | - Thomas Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.N.F.); (E.E.)
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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20
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Kumar V, Bauer C, Stewart JH. Cancer cell-specific cGAS/STING Signaling pathway in the era of advancing cancer cell biology. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151338. [PMID: 37423035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are critical to recognizing endogenous and exogenous threats to mount a protective proinflammatory innate immune response. PRRs may be located on the outer cell membrane, cytosol, and nucleus. The cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a cytosolic PRR system. Notably, cGAS is also present in the nucleus. The cGAS-mediated recognition of cytosolic dsDNA and its cleavage into cGAMP activates STING. Furthermore, STING activation through its downstream signaling triggers different interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs), initiating the release of type 1 interferons (IFNs) and NF-κB-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines and molecules. Activating cGAS/STING generates type 1 IFN, which may prevent cellular transformation and cancer development, growth, and metastasis. The current article delineates the impact of the cancer cell-specific cGAS/STING signaling pathway alteration in tumors and its impact on tumor growth and metastasis. This article further discusses different approaches to specifically target cGAS/STING signaling in cancer cells to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in conjunction with existing anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA.
| | - Caitlin Bauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; Louisiana Children's Medical Center Cancer Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA.
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21
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Liu X, Cen X, Wu R, Chen Z, Xie Y, Wang F, Shan B, Zeng L, Zhou J, Xie B, Cai Y, Huang J, Liang Y, Wu Y, Zhang C, Wang D, Xia H. ARIH1 activates STING-mediated T-cell activation and sensitizes tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4066. [PMID: 37429863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) only achieves complete response in some patients, illustrating the need to identify resistance mechanisms. Using an ICB-insensitive tumor model, here we discover cisplatin enhances the anti-tumor effect of PD-L1 blockade and upregulates the expression of Ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1 (ARIH1) in tumors. Arih1 overexpression promotes cytotoxic T cell infiltration, inhibits tumor growth, and potentiates PD-L1 blockade. ARIH1 mediates ubiquitination and degradation of DNA-PKcs to trigger activation of the STING pathway, which is blocked by the phospho-mimetic mutant T68E/S213D of cGAS protein. Using a high-throughput drug screen, we further identify that ACY738, less cytotoxic than cisplatin, effectively upregulates ARIH1 and activates STING signaling, sensitizing tumors to PD-L1 blockade. Our findings delineate a mechanism that tumors mediate ICB resistance through the loss of ARIH1 and ARIH1-DNA-PKcs-STING signaling and indicate that activating ARIH1 is an effective strategy to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xufeng Cen
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ronghai Wu
- Hangzhou PhecdaMed Co.Ltd, 2626 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Fengqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bing Shan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, 50# Huzhou Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Bojian Xie
- Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yangjun Cai
- Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Biomedical big data center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yingjiqiong Liang
- Biomedical big data center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Youqian Wu
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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22
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Wang Y, Liu P, Cai Y, Li Y, Tang C, Zhu N, Wang P, Zhang S, Wu J. PbrBZR1 interacts with PbrARI2.3 to mediate brassinosteroid-regulated pollen tube growth during self-incompatibility signaling in pear. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2356-2373. [PMID: 37010117 PMCID: PMC10315279 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility (SI) prevents self-fertilization and promotes outbreeding to ensure genetic diversity in many flowering plants, including pear (Pyrus sp.). Brassinosteroids (BRs) have well-documented functions in cell elongation, but their molecular mechanisms in pollen tube growth, especially in the SI response, remain elusive. Here, exogenously applied brassinolide (BL), an active BR, countered incompatible pollen tube growth inhibition during the SI response in pear. Antisense repression of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (PbrBZR1), a critical component of BR signaling, blocked the positive effect of BL on pollen tube elongation. Further analyses revealed that PbrBZR1 binds to the promoter of EXPANSIN-LIKE A3 (PbrEXLA3) to activate its expression. PbrEXLA3 encodes an expansin that promotes pollen tube elongation in pear. The stability of dephosphorylated PbrBZR1 was substantially reduced in incompatible pollen tubes, where it is targeted by ARIADNE2.3 (PbrARI2.3), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is strongly expressed in pollen. Our results show that during the SI response, PbrARI2.3 accumulates and negatively regulates pollen tube growth by accelerating the degradation of PbrBZR1 via the 26S proteasome pathway. Together, our results show that an ubiquitin-mediated modification participates in BR signaling in pollen and reveal the molecular mechanism by which BRs regulate S-RNase-based SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiling Cai
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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23
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Yu K, Guo YY, Liuyu T, Wang P, Zhang ZD, Lin D, Zhong B. The deubiquitinase OTUD4 inhibits the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Paneth cells to support intestinal inflammation and bacterial infection. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100100. [PMID: 37193092 PMCID: PMC10123543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier causes microbial invasion that would lead to inflammation in the gut. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the intestinal epithelial barrier, while the regulatory mechanisms of AMPs expression are not fully characterized. Here, we report that the ovarian tumor family deubiquitinase 4 (OTUD4) in Paneth cells restricts the expression of AMPs and thereby promotes experimental colitis and bacterial infection. OTUD4 is upregulated in the inflamed mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients and in the colon of mice treated with dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS). Knockout of OTUD4 promotes the expression of AMPs in intestinal organoids after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN) and in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of mice after DSS treatment or Salmonella typhimurium (S.t.) infection. Consistently, Vil-Cre;Otud4fl/fl mice and Def-Cre;Otud4fl/fl mice exhibit hyper-resistance to DSS-induced colitis and S.t. infection compared to Otud4fl/fl mice. Mechanistically, knockout of OTUD4 results in hyper K63-linked ubiquitination of MyD88 and increases the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs to promote the expression of AMPs. These findings collectively highlight an indispensable role of OTUD4 in Paneth cells to modulate AMPs production and indicate OTUD4 as a potential target for gastrointestinal inflammation and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu-Yao Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tianzi Liuyu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Wang J, Xiang Y, Fan M, Fang S, Hua Q. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Tumor Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082385. [PMID: 37190313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, which is considered a hallmark of cancer, can maintain the homeostasis of the tumor environment and promote the proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. For instance, increased glucose uptake and high glucose consumption, known as the "Warburg effect," play an essential part in tumor metabolic reprogramming. In addition, fatty acids are harnessed to satisfy the increased requirement for the phospholipid components of biological membranes and energy. Moreover, the anabolism/catabolism of amino acids, such as glutamine, cystine, and serine, provides nitrogen donors for biosynthesis processes, development of the tumor inflammatory environment, and signal transduction. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been widely reported to be involved in various cellular biological activities. A potential role of UPS in the metabolic regulation of tumor cells has also been reported, but the specific regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we review the role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination modification on major metabolic enzymes and important signaling pathways in tumor metabolism to inspire new strategies for the clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuandi Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shizhen Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingquan Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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25
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Munnur D, Banducci-Karp A, Sanyal S. ISG15 driven cellular responses to virus infection. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1837-1846. [PMID: 36416643 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of antiviral responses to infection is the production of interferons and subsequently of interferon stimulated genes. Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is among the earliest and most abundant proteins induced upon interferon signalling, encompassing versatile functions in host immunity. ISG15 is a ubiquitin like modifier that can be conjugated to substrates in a process analogous to ubiquitylation and referred to as ISGylation. The free unconjugated form can either exist intracellularly or be secreted to function as a cytokine. Interestingly, ISG15 has been reported to be both advantageous and detrimental to the development of immunopathology during infection. This review describes recent findings on the role of ISG15 in antiviral responses in human infection models, with a particular emphasis on autophagy, inflammatory responses and cellular metabolism combined with viral strategies of counteracting them. The field of ISGylation has steadily gained momentum; however much of the previous studies of virus infections conducted in mouse models are in sharp contrast with recent findings in human cells, underscoring the need to summarise our current understanding of its potential antiviral function in humans and identify knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Munnur
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K
| | - Adrianna Banducci-Karp
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K
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