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Bourcier G, Ousaid SM, Balac S, Lumeau J, Moreau A, Bunel T, Mussot A, Conforti M, Llopis O, Fernandez A. Optimization of a fiber Fabry-Perot resonator for low-threshold modulation instability Kerr frequency combs. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3214-3217. [PMID: 38824366 DOI: 10.1364/ol.523291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
We report a theoretical and experimental investigation of fiber Fabry-Perot cavities aimed at enhancing Kerr frequency comb generation. The modulation instability (MI) power threshold is derived from the linear stability analysis of a generalized Lugiato-Lefever equation. By combining this analysis with the concepts of power enhancement factor (PEF) and optimal coupling, we predict the ideal manufacturing parameters of fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) cavities for the MI Kerr frequency comb generation. Our findings reveal a distinction between the optimal coupling for modulation instability and that of the cold cavity. Consequently, mirror reflectivity must be adjusted to suit the specific application. We verified the predictions of our theory by measuring the MI power threshold as a function of detuning for three different cavities.
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Tang C, Nie M, Chen JY, Ma Z, Li Z, Xie Y, Sua YM, Huang SW, Huang YP. Broadband frequency comb generation through cascaded quadratic nonlinearity in thin-film lithium niobate microresonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2449-2452. [PMID: 38691741 DOI: 10.1364/ol.523920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Broadband frequency comb generation through cascaded quadratic nonlinearity remains experimentally untapped in free-space cavities with bulk χ(2) materials mainly due to the high threshold power and restricted ability of dispersion engineering. Thin-film lithium niobate (LN) is a good platform for nonlinear optics due to the tight mode confinement in a nano-dimensional waveguide, the ease of dispersion engineering, large quadratic nonlinearities, and flexible phase matching via periodic poling. Here we demonstrate broadband frequency comb generation through dispersion engineering in a thin-film LN microresonator. Bandwidths of 150 nm (80 nm) and 25 nm (12 nm) for center wavelengths at 1560 and 780 nm are achieved, respectively, in a cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation (doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator). Our demonstration paves the way for pure quadratic soliton generation, which is a great complement to dissipative Kerr soliton frequency combs for extended interesting nonlinear applications.
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Nie M, Musgrave J, Jia K, Bartos J, Zhu S, Xie Z, Huang SW. Turnkey photonic flywheel in a microresonator-filtered laser. Nat Commun 2024; 15:55. [PMID: 38168081 PMCID: PMC10761980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) microcomb has emerged as an enabling technology that revolutionizes a wide range of applications in both basic science and technological innovation. Reliable turnkey operation with sub-optical-cycle and sub-femtosecond timing jitter is key to the success of many intriguing microcomb applications at the intersection of ultrafast optics and microwave electronics. Here we propose an approach and demonstrate the first turnkey Brillouin-DKS frequency comb to the best of our knowledge. Our microresonator-filtered laser design offers essential benefits, including phase insensitivity, self-healing capability, deterministic selection of the DKS state, and access to the ultralow noise comb state. The demonstrated turnkey Brillouin-DKS frequency comb achieves a fundamental comb linewidth of 100 mHz and DKS timing jitter of 1 femtosecond for averaging times up to 56 μs. The approach is universal and generalizable to various device platforms for user-friendly and field-deployable comb devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Nie
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
| | - Jonathan Musgrave
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jan Bartos
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
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Bunel T, Ziani Z, Conforti M, Lumeau J, Moreau A, Fernandez A, Llopis O, Bourcier G, Perego AM, Mussot A. Impact of pump pulse duration on modulation instability Kerr frequency combs in fiber Fabry-Pérot resonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5955-5958. [PMID: 37966761 DOI: 10.1364/ol.506100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental investigation on the impact of the pump pulse duration on the modulation instability process in fiber Fabry-Pérot resonators. We demonstrate that cross-phase modulation between the forward and the backward waves alters significantly the modulation instability process. By varying the pump pulse duration, we show the modification of the modulation instability threshold and frequency. These experimental observations are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
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Cao B, Gao C, Liu K, Xiao X, Yang C, Bao C. Spatiotemporal mode-locking and dissipative solitons in multimode fiber lasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:260. [PMID: 37903756 PMCID: PMC10616099 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Multimode fiber (MMF) lasers are emerging as a remarkable testbed to study nonlinear spatiotemporal physics with potential applications spanning from high energy pulse generation, precision measurement to nonlinear microscopy. The underlying mechanism for the generation of ultrashort pulses, which can be understood as a spatiotempoal dissipative soliton (STDS), in the nonlinear multimode resonators is the spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) with simultaneous synchronization of temporal and spatial modes. In this review, we first introduce the general principles of STML, with an emphasize on the STML dynamics with large intermode dispersion. Then, we present the recent progress of STML, including measurement techniques for STML, exotic nonlinear dynamics of STDS, and mode field engineering in MMF lasers. We conclude by outlining some perspectives that may advance STML in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaosheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Changxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chengying Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Cui W, Liu X, Zhou H, Wang W, Qiu K, Geng Y. Ultra-low time jitter transform-limited dissipative Kerr soliton microcomb. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37154-37161. [PMID: 38017850 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Microresonator soliton frequency combs offer unique flexibility in synthesizing microwaves over a wide range of frequencies. Therefore, it is very important to study the time jitter of soliton microcombs. Here, we fabricate optical microresonators with perfect transmission spectrum that characterizes highly uniform extinction ratio and absence of mode interactions by laser machining high-purity silica fiber preforms. Based on such perfect whispering-gallery-mode cavity, We demonstrate that K-band microwave with ultra-low phase noise (-83 dBc/Hz@100 Hz; -112 dBc/Hz@1kHz; -133 dBc/Hz@10kHz) can be generated by photo-detecting the repetition rate of a soliton microcomb. Also, with the Raman scattering and dispersive wave emission largely restricted, we show that ultra-low time jitter soliton has a wide existence range. Our work illuminates a pathway toward low-noise photonic microwave generation as well as the quantum regime of soliton microcombs.
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Sun Y, Parra-Rivas P, Milián C, Kartashov YV, Ferraro M, Mangini F, Jauberteau R, Talenti FR, Wabnitz S. Robust Three-Dimensional High-Order Solitons and Breathers in Driven Dissipative Systems: A Kerr Cavity Realization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:137201. [PMID: 37832004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a general approach to excite robust dissipative three-dimensional and high-order solitons and breathers in passively driven nonlinear cavities. Our findings are illustrated in the paradigmatic example provided by an optical Kerr cavity with diffraction and anomalous dispersion, with the addition of an attractive three-dimensional parabolic potential. The potential breaks the translational symmetry along all directions, and impacts the system in a qualitatively unexpected manner: three-dimensional solitons, or light bullets, are the only existing and stable states for a given set of parameters. This property is extremely rare, if not unknown, in passive nonlinear systems. As a result, the excitation of the cavity with any input field leads to the deterministic formation of a target soliton or breather, with a spatiotemporal profile that unambiguously corresponds to the given cavity and pumping conditions. In addition, the tuning of the potential width along the temporal direction results in the existence of a plethora of stable asymmetric solitons. Our results may provide a solid route toward the observation of dissipative light bullets and three-dimensional breathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Parra-Rivas
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Carles Milián
- Institut Universitari de Matemàtica Pura i Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Yaroslav V Kartashov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
| | - Mario Ferraro
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangini
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael Jauberteau
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco R Talenti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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Chen T, Kang Z, Yang Y, Zhao S, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang K. Geometrical optical analysis of a gradient refractive index microresonator. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:1208-1214. [PMID: 37706774 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.484595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical microresonators confine light to small volumes through resonant circulation. Herein, whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators have high Q factors among these microresonators, which have significant research value in the fields of fundamental physics research and optoelectronic devices. However, maintaining a very high surface finish on the side of the microresonator is necessary, as is keeping a coupling distance of tens of nanometers between the microresonator and the coupling waveguide. Thus, this makes the fabrication, coupling, and packaging of the microresonator very difficult and seriously hinders the practical application of the microresonator. In this study, the concept of gradient refractive index (GRIN) microresonator is proposed, and the radial GRIN is introduced to change the light direction and form a closed optical path within the microresonator. Herein, the mode field position of the GRIN microresonator is derived from the light transmission equation, and the theoretical result is proved by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation. Hence, there are several advantages to using this novel optical microresonator, including its high Q factor, strong coupling stability, and ease of integration.
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