1
|
Iwata S, Pollard AJ, Tada Y, Omoto S, Shibata RY, Igarashi K, Hasegawa T, Ariyasu M, Sonoyama T. A phase 3 randomized controlled trial of a COVID-19 recombinant vaccine S-268019-b versus ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in Japanese adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9830. [PMID: 38684712 PMCID: PMC11059267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed S-268019-b, a recombinant spike protein vaccine with a squalene-based adjuvant, for superiority in its immunogenicity over ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine among adults in Japan. In this multicenter, randomized, observer-blinded, phase 3 study, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-naïve participants (aged ≥ 18 years, without prior infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2) were randomized (1:1) to receive either S-268019-b or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 as two intramuscular injections given 28 days apart. Participants who provided consent for a booster administration received S-268019-b at Day 211. The primary endpoint was SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer on Day 57; the key secondary endpoint was the seroconversion rate for SARS-CoV-2 NAb titer on Day 57. Other endpoints included anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody titer and safety. The demographic and baseline characteristics were generally comparable between S-268019-b (n = 611) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (n = 610) groups. S-268019-b showed superior immunogenicity over ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, based on their geometric mean titers (GMTs) and GMT ratios of SARS-CoV-2 NAb on Day 57 by cytopathic effect assay (GMT [95% confidence interval {CI}] 19.92 [18.68, 21.23] versus 3.63 [3.41, 3.87]; GMT ratio [95% CI] 5.48 [5.01, 6.00], respectively; two-sided p-values < 0.0001). Additionally, NAb measured using a cell viability assay also showed similar results (GMT [95% CI] 183.25 [168.04, 199.84] versus 24.79 [22.77, 27.00]; GMT ratio [95% CI] 7.39 [6.55, 8.35] for S-268019-b versus ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, respectively; p < 0.0001). The GMT of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein IgG antibody was 370.05 for S-268019-b versus 77.92 for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 on Day 57 (GMT ratio [95% CI] 4.75 [4.34, 5.20]). Notably, immune responses were durable through the end of the study. S-268019-b elicited T-helper 1 skewed T-cell response, comparable to that of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. After the first dose, the incidence of solicited systemic treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was higher in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, but after the second dose, the incidence was higher in the S-268019-b group. Headache, fatigue, and myalgia were the most commonly reported solicited systemic TRAEs, while pain at the injection site was the most frequently reported solicited local TRAE following both doses in both groups. No serious treatment-related adverse serious TRAEs events were reported in the two groups. S-268019-b was more immunogenic than ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and was well tolerated (jRCT2051210151).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Yukio Tada
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Omoto
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Risa Y Shibata
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Igarashi
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hasegawa
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Ariyasu
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takuhiro Sonoyama
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grigoryan L, Feng Y, Bellusci L, Lai L, Wali B, Ellis M, Yuan M, Arunachalam PS, Hu M, Kowli S, Gupta S, Maysel-Auslender S, Maecker HT, Samaha H, Rouphael N, Wilson IA, Moreno AC, Suthar MS, Khurana S, Pillet S, Charland N, Ward BJ, Pulendran B. AS03 adjuvant enhances the magnitude, persistence, and clonal breadth of memory B cell responses to a plant-based COVID-19 vaccine in humans. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi8039. [PMID: 38579013 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi8039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants increase the breadth of serum antibody responses, but whether this is due to the generation of antigen-specific B cell clones with distinct specificities or the maturation of memory B cell clones that produce broadly cross-reactive antibodies is unknown. Here, we longitudinally analyzed immune responses in healthy adults after two-dose vaccination with either a virus-like particle COVID-19 vaccine (CoVLP), CoVLP adjuvanted with AS03 (CoVLP+AS03), or a messenger RNA vaccination (mRNA-1273). CoVLP+AS03 enhanced the magnitude and durability of circulating antibodies and antigen-specific CD4+ T cell and memory B cell responses. Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in the CoVLP+AS03 group at day 42 correlated with antigen-specific memory B cells at 6 months. CoVLP+AS03 induced memory B cell responses, which accumulated somatic hypermutations over 6 months, resulting in enhanced neutralization breadth of monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the fraction of broadly neutralizing antibodies encoded by memory B cells increased between day 42 and 6 months. These results indicate that AS03 enhances the antigenic breadth of B cell memory at the clonal level and induces progressive maturation of the B cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Grigoryan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yupeng Feng
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Bushra Wali
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Madison Ellis
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mengyun Hu
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sangeeta Kowli
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sheena Gupta
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sofia Maysel-Auslender
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hady Samaha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Hope Clinic of Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alberto C Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Stéphane Pillet
- Medicago Inc., Québec, QC G1V 3V9, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie St., Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | | | - Brian J Ward
- Medicago Inc., Québec, QC G1V 3V9, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie St., Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lemmer Y, Chapman R, Abolnik C, Smith T, Schäfer G, Hermanus T, du Preez I, Goosen K, Sepotokele KM, Gers S, Suliman T, Preiser W, Shaw ML, Roth R, Truyts A, Chipangura J, Magwaza M, Mahanjana O, Moore PL, O'Kennedy MM. Protective efficacy of a plant-produced beta variant rSARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine in golden Syrian hamsters. Vaccine 2024; 42:738-744. [PMID: 38238112 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for heightened protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, we engineered a prototype vaccine utilizing the plant expression system of Nicotiana benthamiana, to produce a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine presenting the S-protein from the Beta (B.1.351) variant of concern (VOC). This innovative vaccine, formulated with either a squalene oil-in-water emulsion or a synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant, demonstrated efficacy in a golden Syrian Hamster challenge model. The Beta VLP vaccine induced a robust humoral immune response, with serum exhibiting neutralization not only against SARS-CoV-2 Beta but also cross-neutralizing Delta and Omicron pseudoviruses. Protective efficacy was demonstrated, evidenced by reduced viral RNA copies and mitigated weight loss and lung damage compared to controls. This compelling data instills confidence in the creation of a versatile platform for the local manufacturing of potential pan-sarbecovirus vaccines, against evolving viral threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolandy Lemmer
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Next Generation Health, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Ros Chapman
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Celia Abolnik
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria (UP), South Africa
| | - Tanja Smith
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Next Generation Health, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria (UP), South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Trust Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ilse du Preez
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Next Generation Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kruger Goosen
- La-Bio Research Animal Laboratory (a Division of Disease Control Africa), 33 Eland Street, Koedoespoort Industrial, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kamogelo M Sepotokele
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Next Generation Health, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria (UP), South Africa
| | | | - Tasnim Suliman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wolfgang Preiser
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Megan L Shaw
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robyn Roth
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Next Generation Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alma Truyts
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Next Generation Health, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - John Chipangura
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Magwaza
- Tautomer Pty Ltd., Woodmead North Office, 54 Maxwell Drive, Block B, Ground Floor Woodmead, 2191 Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Osborn Mahanjana
- 3Sixty Biopharmaceuticals Pty Ltd., 23 Impala Road, Block B, Chislehurston, Sandton, Gauteng 2196, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Martha M O'Kennedy
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Next Generation Health, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria (UP), South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin L, Tang R, Wu S, Guo X, Huang H, Hou L, Chen X, Zhu T, Gou J, Zhong J, Pan H, Cui L, Chen Y, Xia X, Feng J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Xu X, Li Z, Zhang X, Chen W, Li J, Zhu F. Antibody persistence and safety after heterologous boosting with orally aerosolised Ad5-nCoV in individuals primed with two-dose CoronaVac previously: 12-month analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2155251. [PMID: 36503413 PMCID: PMC10519268 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2155251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody persistence and safety up to 12 months of heterologous orally administered adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in individuals who were primed with two-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) previously, has not been reported yet. This randomized, open-label, single-centre trial included Chinese adults who have received two-dose CoronaVac randomized to low-dose or high-dose aerosolised Ad5-nCoV group, or CoronaVac group. In this report, we mainly evaluated the geometric mean titres (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against live wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and omicron BA.4/5 pseudovirus at 12 months after the booster dose and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) till month 12. Of 419 participants, all were included in the safety analysis and 120 (28.64%) were included in the immunogenicity analysis. Serum NAb GMT against live wild-type SARS-CoV-2 was 204.36 (95% CI 152.91, 273.14) in the low-dose group and 171.38 (95% CI 121.27, 242.19) in the high-dose group at month 12, significantly higher than the GMT in the CoronaVac group (8.00 [95% CI 4.22, 15.17], p < 0.0001). Serum NAb GMT against omicron BA.4/5 pseudovirus was 40.97 (95% CI 30.15, 55.67) in the low-dose group and 35.08 (95% CI 26.31, 46.77) in the high-dose group at month 12, whereas the GMT in the CoronaVac group was below the lower limit of detection. No vaccine-related SAEs were observed. Orally administered aerosolised Ad5-nCoV following two-dose CoronaVac priming has a good safety profile and is persistently more immunogenic than three-dose CoronaVac within 12 months after the booster dose.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05043259..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lairun Jin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Tang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiling Guo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Donghai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Gou
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Donghai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Pan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xia
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialu Feng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoYu Xu
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuopei Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ouaked N, Demoitié MA, Godfroid F, Mortier MC, Vanloubbeeck Y, Temmerman ST. Non-clinical evaluation of local and systemic immunity induced by different vaccination strategies of the candidate tuberculosis vaccine M72/AS01. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143:102425. [PMID: 38180028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A new efficacious tuberculosis vaccine targeting adolescents/adults represents an urgent medical need. The M72/AS01E vaccine candidate protected half of the latently-infected adults against progression to pulmonary tuberculosis in a Phase IIb trial (NCT01755598). We report that three immunizations of mice, two weeks apart, with AS01-adjuvanted M72 induced polyfunctional, Th1-cytokine-expressing M72-specific CD4+/CD8+ T cells in blood and lungs, with the highest frequencies in lungs. Antigen-dose reductions across the three vaccinations skewed pulmonary CD4+ T-cell profiles towards IL-17 expression. In blood, reducing antigen and adjuvant doses of only the third injection (to 1/5th or 1/25th of those of the first injections) did not significantly alter CD4+ T-cell/antibody responses; applying a 10-week delay for the fractional third dose enhanced antibody titers. Delaying a full-dose booster enhanced systemic CD4+ T-cell and antibody responses. Cross-reactivity with PPE and non-PPE proteins was assessed, as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) virulence factors and evasion mechanisms are often associated with PE/PPE proteins, to which Mtb39a (contained in M72) belongs. In silico/in vivo analyses revealed that M72/AS01 induced cross-reactive systemic CD4+ T-cell responses to epitopes in a non-vaccine antigen (putative latency-associated Mtb protein PPE24/Rv1753c). These preclinical data describing novel mechanisms of M72/AS01-induced immunity could guide future clinical development of the vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ouaked
- GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330, Rixensart, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Focus on Marine Animal Safety and Marine Bioresources in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Crisis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315136. [PMID: 36499463 PMCID: PMC9737530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 as a zoonotic virus has significantly affected daily life and social behavior since its outbreak in late 2019. The concerns over its transmission through different media directly or indirectly have evoked great attention about the survival of SARS-CoV-2 virions in the environment and its potential infection of other animals. To evaluate the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and to counteract the COVID-19 disease, extensive studies have been performed to understand SARS-CoV-2 biogenesis and its pathogenesis. This review mainly focuses on the molecular architecture of SARS-CoV-2, its potential for infecting marine animals, and the prospect of drug discovery using marine natural products to combat SARS-CoV-2. The main purposes of this review are to piece together progress in SARS-CoV-2 functional genomic studies and antiviral drug development, and to raise our awareness of marine animal safety on exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|