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Xie H, Zhong X, Chen J, Wang S, Huang Y, Yang N. VISTA Deficiency Exacerbates the Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting Th17 Differentiation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3983-3999. [PMID: 38911987 PMCID: PMC11194012 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s458651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD), characterized by pulmonary fibrosis (PF), represents the end-stage of various ILDs. The immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PF. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint with immune suppressive functions. However, its specific role in the development of PF and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Methods We assessed the expression of VISTA in CD4 T cells from patients with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). Spleen cells from wild-type (WT) or Vsir -/- mice were isolated and induced for cell differentiation in vitro. Additionally, primary lung fibroblasts were isolated and treated with interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Mice were challenged with bleomycin (BLM) following VISTA blockade or Vsir knockout. Moreover, WT or Vsir -/- CD4 T cells were transferred into Rag1 -/- mice, which were then challenged with BLM. Results VISTA expression was decreased in CD4 T cells from patients with CTD-ILD. Vsir deficiency augmented T-helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, IL-17A enhanced the production of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the differentiation and migration of lung fibroblasts. Both VISTA blockade and knockout of Vsir increased the percentage of IL-17A-producing Th17 cells and promoted BLM-induced PF. In addition, mice receiving Vsir -/- CD4 T cells exhibited a higher percentage of Th17 cells and more severe PF compared to those receiving WT CD4 T cells. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the significant role of VISTA in modulating the development of PF by controlling Th17 cell differentiation. These insights suggest that targeting VISTA could be a promising therapeutic strategy for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuexin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuefang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Niansheng Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
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Geng Q, Yan L, Shi C, Zhang L, Li L, Lu P, Cao Z, Li L, He X, Tan Y, Zhao N, Liu B, Lu C. Therapeutic effects of flavonoids on pulmonary fibrosis: A preclinical meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155807. [PMID: 38876010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of flavonoid supplementation in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis has been demonstrated. PURPOSE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of flavonoids in animal models of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN Relevant studies (n = 45) were identified from English- and Chinese-language databases from the inception of the database until October 2023. METHODS Methodological quality was evaluated using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool. Statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0. Lung inflammation and fibrosis score were the primary outcome indicators. RESULTS Flavonoids can alleviate pathological changes in the lungs. The beneficial effects of flavonoids on pulmonary fibrosis likely relate to their inhibition of inflammatory responses, restoration of oxidative and antioxidant homeostasis, and regulation of fibroblast proliferation, migration, and activation by transforming growth factor β1/mothers against the decapentaplegic homologue/AMP-activated protein kinase (TGF-β1/Smad3/AMPK), inhibitor kappa B alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B (IκBα/NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, interleukin 6/signal transducer/activator of transcription 3 (IL6/STAT3), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) pathways. CONCLUSION Flavonoids are potential candidate compounds for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. However, extensive preclinical research is necessary to confirm the antifibrotic properties of natural flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Geng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Changqi Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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Li Y, Wang X. The role of DNA and RNA guanosine oxidation in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107187. [PMID: 38657843 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) persist as a prominent cause of mortality worldwide, with oxidative stress constituting a pivotal contributory element. The oxidative modification of guanosine, specifically 8-oxoguanine, has emerged as a crucial biomarker for oxidative stress, providing novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of CVD. 8-Oxoguanine can be directly generated at the DNA (8-oxo-dG) and RNA (8-oxo-G) levels, as well as at the free nucleotide level (8-oxo-dGTP or 8-oxo-GTP), which are produced and can be integrated through DNA replication or RNA transcription. When exposed to oxidative stress, guanine is more readily produced in RNA than in DNA. A burgeoning body of research surrounds 8-oxoguanine, exhibits its accumulation playing a pivotal role in the development of CVD. Therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative 8-Oxoguanine damage to DNA and RNA, encompassing the modulation of repair enzymes and the development of small molecule inhibitors, are anticipated to enhance CVD management. In conclusion, we explore the noteworthy elevation of 8-oxoguanine levels in patients with various cardiac conditions and deliberate upon the formation and regulation of 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-G under oxidative stress, as well as their function in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Bao L, Liu Q, Wang J, Shi L, Pang Y, Niu Y, Zhang R. The interactions of subcellular organelles in pulmonary fibrosis induced by carbon black nanoparticles: a comprehensive review. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1629-1643. [PMID: 38536500 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the widespread use and improper emissions of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs), the adverse effects of CBNPs on human health have attracted much attention. In toxicological research, carbon black is frequently utilized as a negative control because of its low toxicity and poor solubility. However, recent studies have indicated that inhalation exposure to CBNPs could be a risk factor for severe and prolonged pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. At present, the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis induced by CBNPs is still not fully elucidated, but it is known that with small particle size and large surface area, CBNPs are more easily ingested by cells, leading to organelle damage and abnormal interactions between organelles. Damaged organelle and abnormal organelles interactions lead to cell structure and function disorders, which is one of the important factors in the development and occurrence of various diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of organelle structure, function, and interaction mechanisms, while also summarizing the research advancements in organelles and organelle interactions in CBNPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
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Wu W, Jia H, Chen S, Ma X, Zhou S, Qiu L, Wu X, Li P, Chu H, Zhang G. Inhibition of OGG1 ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis via preventing M2 macrophage polarization and activating PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Mol Med 2024; 30:72. [PMID: 38822247 PMCID: PMC11143656 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), a well-known DNA repair enzyme, has been demonstrated to promote lung fibrosis, while the specific regulatory mechanism of OGG1 during pulmonary fibrosis remains unclarified. METHODS A bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model was established, and TH5487 (the small molecule OGG1 inhibitor) and Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) were used for administration. Histopathological injury of the lung tissues was assessed. The profibrotic factors and oxidative stress-related factors were examined using the commercial kits. Western blot was used to examine protein expression and immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to assess macrophages polarization and autophagy. The conditional medium from M2 macrophages was harvested and added to HFL-1 cells for culture to simulate the immune microenvironment around fibroblasts during pulmonary fibrosis. Subsequently, the loss- and gain-of function experiments were conducted to further confirm the molecular mechanism of OGG1/PINK1. RESULTS In BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, OGG1 was upregulated while PINK1/Parkin was downregulated. Macrophages were activated and polarized to M2 phenotype. TH5487 administration effectively mitigated pulmonary fibrosis, M2 macrophage polarization, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction while promoted PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in lung tissues of BLM-induced mice, which was partly hindered by Mdivi-1. PINK1 overexpression restricted M2 macrophages-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy inactivation in lung fibroblast cells, and OGG1 knockdown could promote PINK1/Parkin expression and alleviate M2 macrophages-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in HFL-1 cells. CONCLUSION OGG1 inhibition protects against pulmonary fibrosis, which is partly via activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and retarding M2 macrophage polarization, providing a therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hongxia Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xinhui Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, 450064, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Heying Chu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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Li D, Zhang X, Song Z, Zhao S, Huang Y, Qian W, Cai X. Advances in common in vitro cellular models of pulmonary fibrosis. Immunol Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 38714318 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of in vitro models is essential for a comprehensive understanding and investigation of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) at both cellular and molecular levels. This study presents a literature review and an analysis of various cellular models used in scientific studies, specifically focusing on their applications in elucidating the pathogenesis of PF. Our study highlights the importance of taking a comprehensive approach to studing PF, emphasizing the necessity of considering multiple cell types and organs and integrating diverse analytical perspectives. Notably, primary cells demonstrate remarkable cell growth characteristics and gene expression profiles; however, their limited availability, maintenance challenges, inability for continuous propagation and susceptibility to phenotypic changes over time significantly limit their utility in scientific investigation. By contrast, immortalized cell lines are easily accessible, cultured and continuously propagated, although they may have some phenotypic differences from primary cells. Furthermore, in vitro coculture models offer a more practical and precise method to explore complex interactions among cells, tissues and organs. Consequently, when developing models of PF, researchers should thoroughly assess the advantages, limitations and relevant mechanisms of different cell models to ensure their selection is consistent with the research objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Lung Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqiong Song
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weibin Qian
- Department of Lung Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinrui Cai
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhou Z, Li C, Li C, Zhou L, Tan S, Hou W, Xie C, Wang L, Shen J, Xiong W. Mitochondria-Targeted Nanoadjuvants Induced Multi-Functional Immune-Microenvironment Remodeling to Sensitize Tumor Radio-Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400297. [PMID: 38704675 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
It is newly revealed that collagen works as a physical barrier to tumor immune infiltration, oxygen perfusion, and immune depressor in solid tumors. Meanwhile, after radiotherapy (RT), the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) overexpression and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) excessive secretion would accelerate DNA damage repair and trigger T cell exclusion to limit RT efficacy. However, existing drugs or nanoparticles can hardly address these obstacles of highly effective RT simultaneously, effectively, and easily. In this study, it is revealed that inducing mitochondria dysfunction by using oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors like Lonidamine (LND) can serve as a highly effective multi-immune pathway regulation strategy through PD-L1, collagen, and TGF-β co-depression. Then, IR-LND is prepared by combining the mitochondria-targeted molecule IR-68 with LND, which then is loaded with liposomes (Lip) to create IR-LND@Lip nanoadjuvants. By doing this, IR-LND@Lip more effectively sensitizes RT by generating more DNA damage and transforming cold tumors into hot ones through immune activation by PD-L1, collagen, and TGF-β co-inhibition. In conclusion, the combined treatment of RT and IR-LND@Lip ultimately almost completely suppressed the growth of bladder tumors and breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shuo Tan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Weibin Hou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Congying Xie
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, Zhejiang-Hong Kong Precision Theranostics of Thoracic Tumors Joint Laboratory, Wenzhou key Laboratory of Basic Science and Translational Research of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Zhou S, Zhang Q, Yang H, Zhu Y, Hu X, Wan G, Yu L. Targeting type I PRMTs as promising targets for the treatment of pulmonary disorders: Asthma, COPD, lung cancer, PF, and PH. Life Sci 2024; 342:122538. [PMID: 38428571 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and lung cancer, seriously impair the quality of lives of patients. A deeper understanding of the occurrence and development of the above diseases may inspire new strategies to remedy the scarcity of treatments. Type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) can affect processes of inflammation, airway remodeling, fibroblast proliferation, mitochondrial mass, and epithelial dysfunction through substrate methylation and non-enzymatic activity, thus affecting the occurrence and development of asthma, COPD, lung cancer, PF, and PH. As potential therapeutic targets, inhibitors of type I PRMTs are developed, moreover, representative compounds such as GSK3368715 and MS023 have also been used for early research. Here, we collated structures of type I PRMTs inhibitors and compared their activity. Finally, we highlighted the physiological and pathological associations of type I PRMTs with asthma, COPD, lung cancer, PF, and PH. The developing of type I PRMTs modulators will be beneficial for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiangsheng Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Honglin Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoquan Wan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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He Z, Wang R, Song C, Liu J, Chen R, Zheng M, Liu W, Jiang G, Mao W. Exploring the causal relationship between immune cells and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:145. [PMID: 38509507 PMCID: PMC10956372 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential pathogenic mechanism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is widely recognized to involve immune dysregulation. However, the current pool of studies has yet to establish a unanimous agreement regarding the correlation between various types of immune cells and IPF. METHODS By conducting a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using publicly available genetic data, the study examined the causal relationship between IPF and 731 immune cells. To ensure the reliability of the results, combined sensitivity analyses and inverse Mendelian analyses were conducted. Moreover, within subgroups, multivariate Mendelian randomization analyses were utilized to investigate the autonomous causal connection between immune cell characteristics and IPF. RESULTS After adjusting for false discovery rate, it was discovered that 20 immunophenotypes exhibited a significant association with IPF. After subgrouping for multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis, there were six immunophenotypes that remained significantly associated with IPF. These included CD33 + HLA DR + CD14dim (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99, P = 0.033), HLA DR + NK (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.98, P = 0.017), CD39 + CD8 + T cell %T cell (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.99, P = 0.024), CD3 on activated & secreting Treg (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.98, P = 0.026), PDL-1 on CD14- CD16 + monocyte (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.95, P = 8 × 10-4), and CD45 on CD33 + HLA DR + CD14- (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15, P = 0.011). CONCLUSION Our study reveals a noteworthy association between IPF and various immune cells, providing valuable insights for clinical research and aiding the advancement of immunologically-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Chenghu Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Ruo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Mingfeng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Weici Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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10
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Pan L, Boldogh I. The potential for OGG1 inhibition to be a therapeutic strategy for pulmonary diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:117-130. [PMID: 38344773 PMCID: PMC11111349 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2317900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary diseases impose a daunting burden on healthcare systems and societies. Current treatment approaches primarily address symptoms, underscoring the urgency for the development of innovative pharmaceutical solutions. A noteworthy focus lies in targeting enzymes recognizing oxidatively modified DNA bases within gene regulatory elements, given their pivotal role in governing gene expression. AREAS COVERED This review delves into the intricate interplay between the substrate-specific binding of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) and epigenetic regulation, with a focal point on elucidating the molecular underpinnings and their biological implications. The absence of OGG1 distinctly attenuates the binding of transcription factors to cis elements, thereby modulating pro-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic transcriptional activity. Through a synergy of experimental insights gained from cell culture studies and murine models, utilizing prototype OGG1 inhibitors (O8, TH5487, and SU0268), a promising panorama emerges. These investigations underscore the absence of cytotoxicity and the establishment of a favorable tolerance profile for these OGG1 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Thus, the strategic targeting of the active site pocket of OGG1 through the application of small molecules introduces an innovative trajectory for advancing redox medicine. This approach holds particular significance in the context of pulmonary diseases, offering a refined avenue for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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11
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Chen Y, Li Z, Ji G, Wang S, Mo C, Ding B. Lung regeneration: diverse cell types and the therapeutic potential. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e494. [PMID: 38405059 PMCID: PMC10885188 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue has a certain regenerative ability and triggers repair procedures after injury. Under controllable conditions, lung tissue can restore normal structure and function. Disruptions in this process can lead to respiratory system failure and even death, causing substantial medical burden. The main types of respiratory diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Multiple cells, such as lung epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, are involved in regulating the repair process after lung injury. Although the mechanism that regulates the process of lung repair has not been fully elucidated, clinical trials targeting different cells and signaling pathways have achieved some therapeutic effects in different respiratory diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the cell type involved in the process of lung regeneration and repair, research models, and summarize molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung regeneration and fibrosis. Moreover, we discuss the current clinical trials of stem cell therapy and pharmacological strategies for COPD, IPF, and ARDS treatment. This review provides a reference for further research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of lung regeneration, drug development, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Chen
- The Department of Endovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhen Li
- The Department of Endovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Gaili Ji
- Department of GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shaochi Wang
- Department of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bi‐Sen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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12
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Vlahopoulos S, Pan L, Varisli L, Dancik GM, Karantanos T, Boldogh I. OGG1 as an Epigenetic Reader Affects NFκB: What This Means for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:148. [PMID: 38201575 PMCID: PMC10778025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1), which was initially identified as the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the DNA base excision repair pathway, is now also recognized as a modulator of gene expression. What is important for cancer is that OGG1 acts as a modulator of NFκB-driven gene expression. Specifically, oxidant stress in the cell transiently halts enzymatic activity of substrate-bound OGG1. The stalled OGG1 facilitates DNA binding of transactivators, such as NFκB to their cognate sites, enabling the expression of cytokines and chemokines, with ensuing recruitment of inflammatory cells. Recently, we highlighted chief aspects of OGG1 involvement in regulation of gene expression, which hold significance in lung cancer development. However, OGG1 has also been implicated in the molecular underpinning of acute myeloid leukemia. This review analyzes and discusses how these cells adapt through redox-modulated intricate connections, via interaction of OGG1 with NFκB, which provides malignant cells with alternative molecular pathways to transform their microenvironment, enabling adjustment, promoting cell proliferation, metastasis, and evading killing by therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Garrett M. Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA;
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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13
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Zhang S, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang H, Wu J, Cai H, Mo C, Yang J. Machine learning identified MDK score has prognostic value for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on integrated bulk and single cell expression data. Front Genet 2023; 14:1246983. [PMID: 38075691 PMCID: PMC10704369 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1246983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease that poses a significant challenge to medical professionals due to its increasing incidence and prevalence coupled with the limited understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we employed a novel approach by integrating five expression datasets from bulk tissue with single-cell datasets; they underwent pseudotime trajectory analysis, switch gene selection, and cell communication analysis. Utilizing the prognostic information derived from the GSE47460 dataset, we identified 22 differentially expressed switch genes that were correlated with clinical indicators as important genes. Among these genes, we found that the midkine (MDK) gene has the potential to serve as a marker of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis because its cellular communicating genes are differentially expressed in the epithelial cells. We then utilized midkine and its cellular communication-related genes to calculate the midkine score. Machine learning models were further constructed through midkine and related genes to predict Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis disease through the bulk gene expression datasets. The midkine score demonstrated a correlation with clinical indexes, and the machine learning model achieved an AUC of 0.94 and 0.86 in the Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis classification task based on lung tissue samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, respectively. Our findings offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, providing new therapeutic directions and target genes for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Zhang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqiu Wang
- Systems Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyang Cai
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Nie Y, Li J, Zhai X, Wang Z, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhao P, Yan G. Elamipretide(SS-31) Attenuates Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Nrf2-Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2022. [PMID: 38136142 PMCID: PMC10740969 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fatal lung disease with a limited therapeutic strategy. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in macrophages is directly linked to IPF. Elamipretide(SS-31) is a mitochondrion-targeted peptide that has been shown to be safe and beneficial for multiple diseases. However, whether SS-31 alleviates IPF is unclear. In the present study, we used a bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse model followed by SS-31 injection every other day to investigate its role in IPF and explore the possible mechanism. Our results showed that SS-31 treatment significantly suppressed BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation, with improved histological change, and decreased extracellular matrix deposition and inflammatory cytokines release. Impressively, the expression percentage of IL-1β and IL-18 was downregulated to lower than half with SS-31 treatment. Mechanistically, SS-31 inhibited IL-33- or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/IL-4-induced production of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages by suppressing NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) was dramatically upregulated along with improved mitochondrial function after SS-31 treatment in activated macrophages and BLM-induced mice. Conversely, there was no significant change after SS-31 treatment in Nrf2-/- mice and macrophages. These findings indicated that SS-31 protected against pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation by inhibiting the Nrf2-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. Our data provide initial evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of SS-31 in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.N.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.N.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiaorun Zhai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.N.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhixu Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.N.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.N.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yaxian Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.N.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.N.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Gen Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361000, China
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15
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Pakhomova A, Pershina O, Bochkov P, Ermakova N, Pan E, Sandrikina L, Dagil Y, Kogai L, Grimm WD, Zhukova M, Avdeev S. Anti-Inflammatory and Antifibrotic Potential of Longidaze in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1932. [PMID: 37763335 PMCID: PMC10532531 DOI: 10.3390/life13091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most common forms of interstitial lung disease, characterized by progressive parenchymal fibrosis and respiratory failure. In a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity of Longidaze (Bovhyaluronidase Azoxymer), which contains a conjugate of the hyaluronidase enzyme with a high molecular weight synthetic carrier azoxymer bromide, was investigated. Experiments were conducted in male C57BL/6 mice. Longidaze was administered at different doses by intranasal and intramuscular routes. Histology, hematology, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used in the study. The use of Longidaze reduced pulmonary fibrosis, as evidenced by an improvement in histopathologic damage to the lungs, a decrease in the area of connective tissue, and the levels of profibrotic factors (TGF-β1, hydroxyproline, collagen I) in lung tissue. In addition, Longidaze inhibited the inflammatory response in pulmonary fibrosis, and decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and hyaluronic acid in lung tissue and the recruitment of inflammatory cells into lung tissue. The highest therapeutic efficacy was observed with the use of Longidaze at doses of 120 and 1200 U/kg intramuscularly, which was superior to that of the reference drug pirfenidone axunio. The data presented in this study suggest that Longidaze is a new and promising drug for the treatment of IPF that warrants further investigation in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (A.P.)
| | - Olga Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (A.P.)
| | - Pavel Bochkov
- NPO Petrovax Pharm LLC, Moscow 123112, Russia; (P.B.); (Y.D.)
| | - Natalia Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (A.P.)
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (A.P.)
| | - Lubov Sandrikina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (A.P.)
| | - Yulia Dagil
- NPO Petrovax Pharm LLC, Moscow 123112, Russia; (P.B.); (Y.D.)
| | - Lena Kogai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (A.P.)
| | - Wolf-Dieter Grimm
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Mariia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (A.P.)
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Department of Pulmonology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia, 8/2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 28, Orehovyy Bul., Moscow 115682, Russia
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16
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Pan L, Vlahopoulos S, Tanner L, Bergwik J, Bacsi A, Radak Z, Egesten A, Ba X, Brasier AR, Boldogh I. Substrate-specific binding of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) reprograms mucosal adaptations to chronic airway injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186369. [PMID: 37614238 PMCID: PMC10442650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have uncovered the non-random distribution of 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua) induced by reactive oxygen species, which is believed to have epigenetic effects. Its cognate repair protein, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), reads oxidative substrates and participates in transcriptional initiation. When redox signaling is activated in small airway epithelial cells, the DNA repair function of OGG1 is repurposed to transmit acute inflammatory signals accompanied by cell state transitions and modification of the extracellular matrix. Epithelial-mesenchymal and epithelial-immune interactions act cooperatively to establish a local niche that instructs the mucosal immune landscape. If the transitional cell state governed by OGG1 remains responsive to inflammatory mediators instead of differentiation, the collateral damage provides positive feedback to inflammation, ascribing inflammatory remodeling to one of the drivers in chronic pathologies. In this review, we discuss the substrate-specific read through OGG1 has evolved in regulating the innate immune response, controlling adaptations of the airway to environmental and inflammatory injury, with a focus on the reader function of OGG1 in initiation and progression of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions in chronic pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- Horemeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arne Egesten
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Xue Y, Pan L, Vlahopoulos S, Wang K, Zheng X, Radak Z, Bacsi A, Tanner L, Brasier AR, Ba X, Boldogh I. Epigenetic control of type III interferon expression by 8-oxoguanine and its reader 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161160. [PMID: 37600772 PMCID: PMC10436556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are secreted cytokines with the ability to activate expression of IFN stimulated genes that increase resistance of cells to virus infections. Activated transcription factors in conjunction with chromatin remodelers induce epigenetic changes that reprogram IFN responses. Unexpectedly, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (Ogg1) knockout mice show enhanced stimuli-driven IFN expression that confers increased resistance to viral and bacterial infections and allergen challenges. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the DNA repair protein OGG1 recognizes 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua) in promoters modulating IFN expression. We found that functional inhibition, genetic ablation, and inactivation by post-translational modification of OGG1 significantly augment IFN-λ expression in epithelial cells infected by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Mechanistically, OGG1 bound to 8-oxoGua in proximity to interferon response elements, which inhibits the IRF3/IRF7 and NF-κB/RelA DNA occupancy, while promoting the suppressor NF-κB1/p50-p50 homodimer binding to the IFN-λ2/3 promoter. In a mouse model of bronchiolitis induced by RSV infection, functional ablation of OGG1 by a small molecule inhibitor (TH5487) enhances IFN-λ production, decreases immunopathology, neutrophilia, and confers antiviral protection. These findings suggest that the ROS-generated epigenetic mark 8-oxoGua via its reader OGG1 serves as a homeostatic thresholding factor in IFN-λ expression. Pharmaceutical targeting of OGG1 activity may have clinical utility in modulating antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- Horemeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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18
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Ayilya BL, Balde A, Ramya M, Benjakul S, Kim SK, Nazeer RA. Insights on the mechanism of bleomycin to induce lung injury and associated in vivo models: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110493. [PMID: 37331299 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury leads to the development of chronic conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma as well as alveolar sarcoma. Various investigations are being performed worldwide to understand the pathophysiology of these diseases, develop novel bioactive compounds and inhibitors to target the ailment. Generally, in vivo models are used to understand the disease outcome and therapeutic suppressing effects for which the animals are chemically or physically induced to mimic the onset of definite disease conditions. Amongst the chemical inducing agents, Bleomycin (BLM) is the most successful inducer. It is reported to target various receptors and activate inflammatory pathways, cellular apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transition leading to the release of inflammatory cytokines, and proteases. Mice is one of the most widely used animal model for BLM induced pulmonary associated studies apart from rat, rabbit, sheep, pig, and monkey. Although, there is considerable variation amongst in vivo studies for BLM induction which suggests a detailed study on the same to understand the mechanism of action of BLM at molecular level. Hence, herein we have reviewed various chemical inducers, mechanism of action of BLM in inducing lung injury in vivo, its advantages and disadvantages. Further, we have also discussed the rationale behind various in vivo models and recent development in BLM induction for various animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakthavatchalam Loganathan Ayilya
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akshad Balde
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugadoss Ramya
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkhla University, 90112 Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 11558, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Rasool Abdul Nazeer
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Chang X, Liu C, Han YM, Li QL, Guo B, Jiang HL. Efficient transfected liposomes co-loaded with pNrf2 and pirfenidone improves safe delivery for enhanced pulmonary fibrosis reversion. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:415-431. [PMID: 37159604 PMCID: PMC10163678 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an interstitial lung disease with complex pathological mechanism, and there is currently a lack of therapeutics that can heal it completely. Using gene therapy with drugs provides promising therapeutic strategies for synergistically reversing PF. However, improving the intracellular accumulation and transfection efficiency of therapeutic nucleic acids is still a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Herein, we developed lipid nanoparticles (PEDPs) with high transfection efficiency coloaded with pDNA of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (pNrf2) and pirfenidone (PFD) for PF therapy. PEDPs can penetrate biological barriers, accumulate at the target, and exert therapeutic effects, eventually alleviating the oxidative stress imbalance in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs II) and inhibiting myofibroblast overactivation through the synergistic effects of Nrf2 combined with PFD, thus reversing PF. In addition, we systematically engineered various liposomes (LNPs), demonstrated that reducing the polyethylene glycol (PEG) proportion could significantly improve the uptake and transfection efficiency of the LNPs, and proposed a possible mechanism for this influence. This study clearly reveals that controlling the composition ratio of PEG in PEDPs can efficiently deliver therapeutics into AECs II, improve pNrf2 transfection, and synergize with PFD in a prospective strategy to reverse PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
- Technological Innovation Center of Liaoning Pharmaceutical Action and Quality Evaluation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Yu-Mo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Bin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
- Technological Innovation Center of Liaoning Pharmaceutical Action and Quality Evaluation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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20
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Yang C, Wang G, Zhan W, Wang Y, Feng J. The identification of metabolism-related subtypes and potential treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173961. [PMID: 37274115 PMCID: PMC10232787 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is caused by aberrant repair because of alveolar epithelial injury and can only be effectively treated with several compounds. Several metabolism-related biomolecular processes were found to be involved in IPF. We aimed to identify IPF subtypes based on metabolism-related pathways and explore potential drugs for each subtype. Methods: Gene profiles and clinical information were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE70867 and GSE93606). The enrichment scores for 41 metabolism-related pathways, immune cells, and immune pathways were calculated using the Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) package. The ConsensusClusterPlus package was used to cluster samples. Novel modules and hub genes were identified using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were plotted, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to evaluate the model in the training and validation cohorts. A connectivity map was used as a drug probe. Results: Two subtypes with significant differences in prognosis were identified based on the metabolism-related pathways. Subtype C1 had a poor prognosis, low metabolic levels, and a unique immune signature. CDS2, LCLAT1, GPD1L, AGPAT1, ALDH3A1, LAP3, ADH5, AHCYL2, and MDH1 were used to distinguish between the two subtypes. Finally, subtype-specific drugs, which can potentially treat IPF, were identified. Conclusion: The aberrant activation of metabolism-related pathways contributes to differential prognoses in patients with IPF. Collectively, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into subtyping IPF based on the metabolism-related pathway and potential treatments, which would help clinicians provide subtype-specific individualized therapeutic management to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yang
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guixin Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Zhan
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubao Wang
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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21
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De Rosa M, Barnes RP, Nyalapatla PR, Wipf P, Opresko PL. OGG1 and MUTYH repair activities promote telomeric 8-oxoguanine induced cellular senescence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536247. [PMID: 37090589 PMCID: PMC10120708 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are prone to formation of the common oxidative lesion 8-oxoguanine (8oxoG), and the acute production of 8oxoG damage at telomeres is sufficient to drive rapid cellular senescence. OGG1 and MUTYH glycosylases initiate base excision repair (BER) at 8oxoG sites to remove the lesion or prevent mutation. Here, we show OGG1 loss or inhibition, or MUTYH loss, partially rescues telomeric 8oxoG-induced senescence, and loss of both glycosylases results in a near complete rescue. Loss of these glycosylases also suppresses 8oxoG-induced telomere fragility and dysfunction, indicating that single-stranded break (SSB) intermediates arising downstream of glycosylase activity impair telomere replication. The failure to initiate BER in glycosylase-deficient cells suppresses PARylation at SSB intermediates and confers resistance to the synergistic effects of PARP inhibitors on damage-induced senescence. Our studies reveal that inefficient completion of 8oxoG BER at telomeres triggers cellular senescence via SSB intermediates which impair telomere replication and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria De Rosa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan P. Barnes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Peter Wipf
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia L. Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Inoue R, Yasuma T, Fridman D’Alessandro V, Toda M, Ito T, Tomaru A, D’Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Tsuruga T, Okano T, Takeshita A, Nishihama K, Fujimoto H, Kobayashi T, Gabazza EC. Amelioration of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076695. [PMID: 37047672 PMCID: PMC10095307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal disease with a poor prognosis. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is involved in the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in lung fibrosis is unclear. This study evaluated whether overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 affects the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was induced by bleomycin in wild-type mice and transgenic mice overexpressing human matrix metalloproteinase-2. Mice expressing human matrix metalloproteinase-2 showed significantly decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells and inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines in the lungs compared to wild-type mice after induction of lung injury and fibrosis with bleomycin. The computed tomography score, Ashcroft score of fibrosis, and lung collagen deposition were significantly reduced in human matrix metalloproteinase transgenic mice compared to wild-type mice. The expression of anti-apoptotic genes was significantly increased, while caspase-3 activity was significantly reduced in the lungs of matrix metalloproteinase-2 transgenic mice compared to wild-type mice. Active matrix metalloproteinase-2 significantly decreased bleomycin-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 appears to protect against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting apoptosis of lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Inoue
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ito
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomaru
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuki Tsuruga
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohito Okano
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takeshita
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kota Nishihama
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujimoto
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Esteban C. Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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