1
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Li Z, Wu Q, Yan N. A structural atlas of druggable sites on Na v channels. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2287832. [PMID: 38033122 PMCID: PMC10732651 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2287832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels govern membrane excitability by initiating and propagating action potentials. Consistent with their physiological significance, dysfunction, or mutations in these channels are associated with various channelopathies. Nav channels are thereby major targets for various clinical and investigational drugs. In addition, a large number of natural toxins, both small molecules and peptides, can bind to Nav channels and modulate their functions. Technological breakthrough in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has enabled the determination of high-resolution structures of eukaryotic and eventually human Nav channels, alone or in complex with auxiliary subunits, toxins, and drugs. These studies have not only advanced our comprehension of channel architecture and working mechanisms but also afforded unprecedented clarity to the molecular basis for the binding and mechanism of action (MOA) of prototypical drugs and toxins. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent advances in structural pharmacology of Nav channels, encompassing the structural map for ligand binding on Nav channels. These findings have established a vital groundwork for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqiang Li
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiurong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Liu J, Li B, Lu G, Wang G, Zheng J, Huang L, Feng Y, Xu S, Jiang Y, Liu N. Toward Selective Transport of Monovalent Metal Ions with High Permeability Based on Crown Ether-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Framework Sub-Nanochannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26634-26642. [PMID: 38722947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Achieving selective transport of monovalent metal ions with high precision and permeability analogues to biological protein ion channels has long been explored for fundamental research and various applications, such as ion sieving, mineral extraction, and energy harvesting and conversion. However, it still remains a significant challenge to construct artificial nanofluidic devices to realize the trade-off effects between selective ion transportation and high ion permeability. In this work, we report a bioinspired functional micropipet with in situ growth of crown ether-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) inside the tip and realize selective transport of monovalent metal ions. The functional ion-selective micropipet with sub-nanochannels was constructed by the interfacial growth method with the formation of composite MOFs consisting of ZIF-8 and 15-crown-5. The resulting micropipet device exhibited obvious monovalent ion selectivity and high flux of Li+ due to the synergistic effects of size sieving in subnanoconfined space and specific coordination of 15-crown-5 toward Na+. The selectivity of Li+/Na+, Li+/K+, Li+/Ca2+, and Li+/Mg2+ with 15-crown-5@ZIF-8-functionalized micropipet reached 3.9, 5.2, 105.8, and 122.4, respectively, which had an obvious enhancement compared to that with ZIF-8. Notably, the ion flux of Li+ can reach up to 93.8 ± 3.6 mol h-1·m-2 that is much higher than previously reported values. Furthermore, the functional micropipet with 15-crown-5@ZIF-8 sub-nanochannels exhibited stable Li+ selectivity under various conditions, such as different ion concentrations, pH values, and mixed ion solutions. This work not only provides new opportunities for the development of MOF-based nanofluidic devices for selective ion transport but also facilitates the promising practical applications in lithium extraction from salt-like brines, sewage treatment, and other related aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Baijun Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangwen Lu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Liying Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yueyue Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shiwei Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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3
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Chen H, Xia Z, Dong J, Huang B, Zhang J, Zhou F, Yan R, Shi Y, Gong J, Jiang J, Huang Z, Jiang D. Structural mechanism of voltage-gated sodium channel slow inactivation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3691. [PMID: 38693179 PMCID: PMC11063143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels mediate a plethora of electrical activities. NaV channels govern cellular excitability in response to depolarizing stimuli. Inactivation is an intrinsic property of NaV channels that regulates cellular excitability by controlling the channel availability. The fast inactivation, mediated by the Ile-Phe-Met (IFM) motif and the N-terminal helix (N-helix), has been well-characterized. However, the molecular mechanism underlying NaV channel slow inactivation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the removal of the N-helix of NaVEh (NaVEhΔN) results in a slow-inactivated channel, and present cryo-EM structure of NaVEhΔN in a potential slow-inactivated state. The structure features a closed activation gate and a dilated selectivity filter (SF), indicating that the upper SF and the inner gate could serve as a gate for slow inactivation. In comparison to the NaVEh structure, NaVEhΔN undergoes marked conformational shifts on the intracellular side. Together, our results provide important mechanistic insights into NaV channel slow inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhanyi Xia
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Beijing StoneWise Technology Co Ltd., 15 Haidian street, Haidian district, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing StoneWise Technology Co Ltd., 15 Haidian street, Haidian district, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianke Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juquan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Daohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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4
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Arratia LM, Bermudes-Contreras JD, Juarez-Monroy JA, Romero-Macías EA, Luna-Rojas JC, López-Hidalgo M, Vega AV, Zamorano-Carrillo A. Experimental and computational evidence that Calpain-10 binds to the carboxy terminus of Na V1.2 and Na V1.6. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6761. [PMID: 38514708 PMCID: PMC10957924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) are pivotal proteins responsible for initiating and transmitting action potentials. Emerging evidence suggests that proteolytic cleavage of sodium channels by calpains is pivotal in diverse physiological scenarios, including ischemia, brain injury, and neuropathic pain associated with diabetes. Despite this significance, the precise mechanism by which calpains recognize sodium channels, especially given the multiple calpain isoforms expressed in neurons, remains elusive. In this work, we show the interaction of Calpain-10 with NaV's C-terminus through a yeast 2-hybrid assay screening of a mouse brain cDNA library and in vitro by GST-pulldown. Later, we also obtained a structural and dynamic hypothesis of this interaction by modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. These results indicate that Calpain-10 interacts differentially with the C-terminus of NaV1.2 and NaV1.6. Calpain-10 interacts with NaV1.2 through domains III and T in a stable manner. In contrast, its interaction with NaV1.6 involves domains II and III, which could promote proteolysis through the Cys-catalytic site and C2 motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Arratia
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biofísica Computacional, Doctorado en Biotecnología, SEPI-ENMH Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Fracc. La Escalera, Ticomán, Gustavo A. Madero, 07320, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan David Bermudes-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Biofísica Computacional, Doctorado en Biotecnología, SEPI-ENMH Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Fracc. La Escalera, Ticomán, Gustavo A. Madero, 07320, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Armando Juarez-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Biofísica Computacional, Doctorado en Biotecnología, SEPI-ENMH Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Fracc. La Escalera, Ticomán, Gustavo A. Madero, 07320, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erik Alan Romero-Macías
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Edo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Luna-Rojas
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex, Mexico
- Maestría en Neurobiología, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Edo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol López-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Biofísica Computacional, Doctorado en Biotecnología, SEPI-ENMH Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Fracc. La Escalera, Ticomán, Gustavo A. Madero, 07320, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Victoria Vega
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex, Mexico.
| | - Absalom Zamorano-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Biofísica Computacional, Doctorado en Biotecnología, SEPI-ENMH Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Fracc. La Escalera, Ticomán, Gustavo A. Madero, 07320, Mexico City, Mexico.
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5
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Liu J, Lu J, Ji W, Lu G, Wang J, Ye T, Jiang Y, Zheng J, Yu P, Liu N, Jiang Y, Mao L. Ion-Selective Micropipette Sensor for In Vivo Monitoring of Sodium Ion with Crown Ether-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Framework Subnanopores. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2651-2657. [PMID: 38306178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In vivo sensing of the dynamics of ions with high selectivity is essential for gaining molecular insights into numerous physiological and pathological processes. In this work, we report an ion-selective micropipette sensor (ISMS) through the integration of functional crown ether-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) synthesized in situ within the micropipette tip. The ISMS features distinctive sodium ion (Na+) conduction and high selectivity toward Na+ sensing. The selectivity is attributed to the synergistic effects of subnanoconfined space and the specific coordination of 18-crown-6 toward potassium ions (K+), which largely increase the steric hindrance and transport resistance for K+ to pass through the ISMS. Furthermore, the ISMS exhibits high stability and sensitivity, facilitating real-time monitoring of Na+ dynamics in the living rat brain during spreading of the depression events process. In light of the diversity of crown ethers and MOFs, we believe this study paves the way for a nanofluidic platform for in vivo sensing and neuromorphic electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiahao Lu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangwen Lu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tingyan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yisha Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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6
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Wu D, Chen Q, Yu Z, Huang B, Zhao J, Wang Y, Su J, Zhou F, Yan R, Li N, Zhao Y, Jiang D. Transport and inhibition mechanisms of human VMAT2. Nature 2024; 626:427-434. [PMID: 38081299 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) accumulates monoamines in presynaptic vesicles for storage and exocytotic release, and has a vital role in monoaminergic neurotransmission1-3. Dysfunction of monoaminergic systems causes many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, hyperkinetic movement disorders and depression4-6. Suppressing VMAT2 with reserpine and tetrabenazine alleviates symptoms of hypertension and Huntington's disease7,8, respectively. Here we describe cryo-electron microscopy structures of human VMAT2 complexed with serotonin and three clinical drugs at 3.5-2.8 Å, demonstrating the structural basis for transport and inhibition. Reserpine and ketanserin occupy the substrate-binding pocket and lock VMAT2 in cytoplasm-facing and lumen-facing states, respectively, whereas tetrabenazine binds in a VMAT2-specific pocket and traps VMAT2 in an occluded state. The structures in three distinct states also reveal the structural basis of the VMAT2 transport cycle. Our study establishes a structural foundation for the mechanistic understanding of substrate recognition, transport, drug inhibition and pharmacology of VMAT2 while shedding light on the rational design of potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihao Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoya Yu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Beijing StoneWise Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Su
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing StoneWise Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Daohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
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7
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Catterall WA. Voltage gated sodium and calcium channels: Discovery, structure, function, and Pharmacology. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2281714. [PMID: 37983307 PMCID: PMC10761118 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2281714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels initiate action potentials in nerve and muscle, and voltage-gated calcium channels couple depolarization of the plasma membrane to intracellular events such as secretion, contraction, synaptic transmission, and gene expression. In this Review and Perspective article, I summarize early work that led to identification, purification, functional reconstitution, and determination of the amino acid sequence of the protein subunits of sodium and calcium channels and showed that their pore-forming subunits are closely related. Decades of study by antibody mapping, site-directed mutagenesis, and electrophysiological recording led to detailed two-dimensional structure-function maps of the amino acid residues involved in voltage-dependent activation and inactivation, ion permeation and selectivity, and pharmacological modulation. Most recently, high-resolution three-dimensional structure determination by X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy has revealed the structural basis for sodium and calcium channel function and pharmacological modulation at the atomic level. These studies now define the chemical basis for electrical signaling and provide templates for future development of new therapeutic agents for a range of neurological and cardiovascular diseases.
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8
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Eltokhi A, Catterall WA, Gamal El-Din TM. Cell-cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary enhances transient voltage-gated ion channel expression in human and insect cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100559. [PMID: 37751687 PMCID: PMC10545908 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of recombinant ion channel subunits in cell lines is often limited by the presence of a low number of channels at the cell surface level. Here, we introduce a combination of two techniques: viral expression using the baculovirus system plus cell-cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary using either thymidine or hydroxyurea. This method achieved a manifold increase in the peak current density of expressed ion channels compared with the classical liposome-mediated transfection methods. The enhanced ionic current was accompanied by an increase in the density of gating charges, confirming that the increased yield of protein and ionic current reflects the functional localization of channels in the plasma membrane. This modified method of viral expression coordinated with the cell cycle arrest will pave the way to better decipher the structure and function of ion channels and their association with ion channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA.
| | - William A Catterall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA
| | - Tamer M Gamal El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA.
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9
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Zhang J, Liu S, Fan J, Yan R, Huang B, Zhou F, Yuan T, Gong J, Huang Z, Jiang D. Structural basis of human Slo2.2 channel gating and modulation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112858. [PMID: 37494189 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium-activated Slo2.2 channel is abundantly expressed in the brain, playing a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability. The Na+-binding site and the underlying mechanisms of Na+-dependent activation remain unclear. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human Slo2.2 in closed, open, and inhibitor-bound form at resolutions of 2.6-3.2 Å, revealing gating mechanisms of Slo2.2 regulation by cations and a potent inhibitor. The cytoplasmic gating ring domain of the closed Slo2.2 harbors multiple K+ and Zn2+ sites, which stabilize the channel in the closed conformation. The open Slo2.2 structure reveals at least two Na+-sensitive sites where Na+ binding induces expansion and rotation of the gating ring that opens the inner gate. Furthermore, a potent inhibitor wedges into a pocket formed by pore helix and S6 helix and blocks the pore. Together, our results provide a comprehensive structural framework for the investigation of Slo2.2 channel gating, Na+ sensation, and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Zhang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junping Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Beijing StoneWise Technology Co Ltd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing StoneWise Technology Co Ltd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianke Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Daohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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