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Fang H, Wu H, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Xu J. Evaluating dynamic models for rigid-foldable origami: unveiling intricate bistable dynamics of stacked-Miura-origami structures as a case study. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20240014. [PMID: 39370796 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in origami science and engineering have particularly focused on the challenges of dynamics. While research has primarily focused on statics and kinematics, the need for effective and processable dynamic models has become apparent. This paper evaluates various dynamic modelling techniques for rigid-foldable origami, particularly focusing on their ability to capture nonlinear dynamic behaviours. Two primary methods, the lumped mass-spring-damper approach and the energy-based method, are examined using a bistable stacked Miura-origami (SMO) structure as a case study. Through systematic dynamic experiments, we analyse the effectiveness of these models in predicting bistable dynamic responses, including intra- and interwell oscillations, in different loading conditions. Our findings reveal that the energy-based approach, which considers the structure's inertia and utilizes dynamic experimental data for parameter identification, outperforms other models in terms of validity and accuracy. This model effectively predicts the dynamic response types, the rich and complex nonlinear characteristics and the critical frequency where interwell oscillations occur. Despite its relatively increased complexity in model derivation, it maintains computational efficiency and shows promise for broader applications in origami dynamics. By comparing model predictions with experimental results, this study enhances our understanding of origami dynamics and contributes valuable insights for future research and applications. This article is part of the theme issue 'Origami/Kirigami-inspired structures: from fundamentals to applications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Fang
- Institute of AI and Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Yiwu , Zhejiang 322000, People's Republic of China
- MOE Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Institute of AI and Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Yiwu , Zhejiang 322000, People's Republic of China
- MOE Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuolin Liu
- Institute of AI and Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- MOE Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Institute of AI and Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Yiwu , Zhejiang 322000, People's Republic of China
- MOE Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of AI and Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- MOE Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li Z, Liu K, Li C, Liu Y, Du Y, Li T, Sun Z, Zhao L, Yang J. Active encoding of flexural wave with non-diffractive Talbot effect. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22573. [PMID: 39343825 PMCID: PMC11439909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a flexural Mikaelian lens in thin plate is designed by using conformation transformation. The propagation characteristics of flexural waves in the lens are investigated through rays trajectory equation, simulation analyses, and experimental tests, confirming the self-focusing properties of the Mikaelian lens. Additionally, the study explores the Talbot effect for flexural waves, revealing through simulation studies that the Talbot effect within the Mikaelian lens exhibits nearly diffraction-free properties. Building on the non-diffractive nature of the Talbot effect within the Mikaelian lens, we explore the potential for encoding flexural waves using active interference sources. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate the good performance of the designed active encoding system. This work opens up new avenues for the encoding of flexural waves, presenting promising implications for applications in communication such as structural health monitoring, wireless communication in solid media and data transmission in robotics and other areas related to flexural wave technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Kaiming Liu
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yongquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanping Du
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Ting Li
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Zhaoyong Sun
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 1 Xinghua Avenue (Band 2), Beijing, 102600, China.
| | - Liuxian Zhao
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Park B, Jeong C, Ok J, Kim TI. Materials and Structural Designs toward Motion Artifact-Free Bioelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6148-6197. [PMID: 38690686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics encompassing electronic components and circuits for accessing human information play a vital role in real-time and continuous monitoring of biophysiological signals of electrophysiology, mechanical physiology, and electrochemical physiology. However, mechanical noise, particularly motion artifacts, poses a significant challenge in accurately detecting and analyzing target signals. While software-based "postprocessing" methods and signal filtering techniques have been widely employed, challenges such as signal distortion, major requirement of accurate models for classification, power consumption, and data delay inevitably persist. This review presents an overview of noise reduction strategies in bioelectronics, focusing on reducing motion artifacts and improving the signal-to-noise ratio through hardware-based approaches such as "preprocessing". One of the main stress-avoiding strategies is reducing elastic mechanical energies applied to bioelectronics to prevent stress-induced motion artifacts. Various approaches including strain-compliance, strain-resistance, and stress-damping techniques using unique materials and structures have been explored. Future research should optimize materials and structure designs, establish stable processes and measurement methods, and develop techniques for selectively separating and processing overlapping noises. Ultimately, these advancements will contribute to the development of more reliable and effective bioelectronics for healthcare monitoring and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghak Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanho Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehyung Ok
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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4
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Huang X, Bu T, Zheng Q, Liu S, Li Y, Fang H, Qiu Y, Xie B, Yin Z, Wu H. Flexible sensors with zero Poisson's ratio. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae027. [PMID: 38577662 PMCID: PMC10989663 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible sensors have been developed for the perception of various stimuli. However, complex deformation, usually resulting from forces or strains from multi-axes, can be challenging to measure due to the lack of independent perception of multiaxial stimuli. Herein, flexible sensors based on the metamaterial membrane with zero Poisson's ratio (ZPR) are proposed to achieve independent detection of biaxial stimuli. By deliberately designing the geometric dimensions and arrangement parameters of elements, the Poisson's ratio of an elastomer membrane can be modulated from negative to positive, and the ZPR membrane can maintain a constant transverse dimension under longitudinal stimuli. Due to the accurate monitoring of grasping force by ZPR sensors that are insensitive to curvatures of contact surfaces, rigid robotic manipulators can be guided to safely grasp deformable objects. Meanwhile, the ZPR sensor can also precisely distinguish different states of manipulators. When ZPR sensors are attached to a thermal-actuation soft robot, they can accurately detect the moving distance and direction. This work presents a new strategy for independent biaxial stimuli perception through the design of mechanical metamaterials, and may inspire the future development of advanced flexible sensors for healthcare, human-machine interfaces and robotic tactile sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianzhao Bu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingyang Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Han Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuqi Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhouping Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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5
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Tang Y, Ye W, Jia J, Chen Y. Learning Stiffness Tensors in Self-Activated Solids via a Local Rule. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308584. [PMID: 38483019 PMCID: PMC11109665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials are often designed with particular properties for specific load-bearing functions. Alternatively, this study aims to create a class of active lattice metamaterials, dubbed self-activated solids, that can learn desired stiffness tensors from the elastic deformations they experienced, a crucial feature to improve the performance, efficiency, and functionality of materials. Artificial adaptive matters that combine sensory, control, and actuation elements can offer appealing solutions. However, challenges still remain: The designs will rely on accurate off-line and global computations, as well as intricate coordination among individual elements. Here, a simple online and local learning strategy is initiated based on contrastive Hebbian learning to gradually guide self-activated solids to possess sought-after stiffness tensors autonomously and reversibly. During learning, the bond stiffness of the active lattice varies depending only on its local strain. The numerical tests show that the self-activated solid can not only achieve the desired bulk, shear, and coupling moduli but also manifest uni-mode and bi-mode extremal materials by itself after experiencing the corresponding elastic deformations. Further, the self-activated solid can also achieve the desired time-varying moduli when exposed to temporally different loads. The design is applicable to any lattice geometries and is resistant to damage and instabilities. The material design approach and the physical learning strategy suggested can benefit the design of autonomous materials, physical learning machines, and adaptive robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Tang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong
| | - Jingjing Jia
- Institute of Materials EngineeringBeijing Institute of Collaborative InnovationBeijing100094China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong
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6
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Wu L, Pasini D. Zero modes activation to reconcile floppiness, rigidity, and multistability into an all-in-one class of reprogrammable metamaterials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3087. [PMID: 38600069 PMCID: PMC11006655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Existing mechanical metamaterials are typically designed to either withstand loads as a stiff structure, shape morph as a floppy mechanism, or trap energy as a multistable matter, distinct behaviours that correspond to three primary classes of macroscopic solids. Their stiffness and stability are sealed permanently into their architecture, mostly remaining immutable post-fabrication due to the invariance of zero modes. Here, we introduce an all-in-one reprogrammable class of Kagome metamaterials that enable the in-situ reprogramming of zero modes to access the apparently conflicting properties of all classes. Through the selective activation of metahinges via self-contact, their architecture can be switched to acquire on-demand rigidity, floppiness, or global multistability, bridging the seemingly uncrossable gap between structures, mechanisms, and multistable matters. We showcase the versatile generalizations of the metahinge and remarkable reprogrammability of zero modes for a range of properties including stiffness, mechanical signal guiding, buckling modes, phonon spectra, and auxeticity, opening a plethora of opportunities for all-in-one materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Damiano Pasini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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7
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Hu JD, Wang T, Lei QL, Ma YQ. Transformable Superisostatic Crystals Self-Assembled from Segment Colloidal Rods. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8073-8082. [PMID: 38456633 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Transformable mechanical structures can switch between distinct mechanical states. Whether this kind of structure can be self-assembled from simple building blocks at microscale is a question to be answered. In this work, we propose a self-assembly strategy for these structures based on a nematic monolayer of segmented colloidal rods with lateral cutting. By using Monte Carlo simulation, we find that rods with different cutting degrees can self-assemble into different crystals characterized by bond coordination z that varies from 3 to 6. Among these, we identify a transformable superisostatic structure with pgg symmetry and redundant bonds (z = 5). We show that this structure can support either soft bulk modes or soft edge modes depending on its Poisson's ratio, which can be tuned from positive to negative through a uniform soft deformation. We also prove that the bulk soft modes are associated with states of self-stress along the direction of zero strain during uniform soft deformation. The self-assembled transformable structures may act as mechanical metamaterials with potential applications in micromechanical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qun-Li Lei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
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8
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Groß MF, Schneider JLG, Chen Y, Kadic M, Wegener M. Dispersion Engineering by Hybridizing the Back-Folded Soft Mode of Monomode Elastic Metamaterials with Stiff Acoustic Modes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307553. [PMID: 37769647 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In many cases, the hybridization of two or more excitation modes in solids has led to new and useful dispersion relations of waves. Well-studied examples are phonon polaritons, plasmon polaritons, particle-plasmon polaritons, cavity polaritons, and magnetic resonances at optical frequencies. In all of these cases, the lowest propagating mode couples to a finite-frequency localized resonance. Herein, the unusual metamaterial phonon dispersion relations arising from the hybridization of an ordinary acoustical phonon mode with a back-folded soft or easy phonon mode of a monomode elastic metamaterial are discussed. Conceptually, the single easy mode can have strictly zero wave velocity. In reality, its wave velocity is very much smaller than that of all other modes. Considering polymeric three-dimensional printed elastic monomode metamaterials at ultrasound frequencies, it is shown theoretically and experimentally that the resulting pronounced avoided crossing, with a frequency splitting comparable to the mid-frequency, leads to backward-wave behavior for the lowest band over a broad frequency range, conceptually at zero loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Groß
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonathan L G Schneider
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Muamer Kadic
- Université de Franche-Comté, Institut FEMTO-ST, UMR 6174, CNRS, Besançon, 25000, France
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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van Mastrigt R, Coulais C, van Hecke M. Emergent nonlocal combinatorial design rules for multimodal metamaterials. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:065002. [PMID: 38243469 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Combinatorial mechanical metamaterials feature spatially textured soft modes that yield exotic and useful mechanical properties. While a single soft mode often can be rationally designed by following a set of tiling rules for the building blocks of the metamaterial, it is an open question what design rules are required to realize multiple soft modes. Multimodal metamaterials would allow for advanced mechanical functionalities that can be selected on the fly. Here we introduce a transfer matrix-like framework to design multiple soft modes in combinatorial metamaterials composed of aperiodic tilings of building blocks. We use this framework to derive rules for multimodal designs for a specific family of building blocks. We show that such designs require a large number of degeneracies between constraints, and find precise rules on the real space configuration that allow such degeneracies. These rules are significantly more complex than the simple tiling rules that emerge for single-mode metamaterials. For the specific example studied here, they can be expressed as local rules for tiles composed of pairs of building blocks in combination with a nonlocal rule in the form of a global constraint on the type of tiles that are allowed to appear together anywhere in the configuration. This nonlocal rule is exclusive to multimodal metamaterials and exemplifies the complexity of rational design of multimode metamaterials. Our framework is a first step towards a systematic design strategy of multimodal metamaterials with spatially textured soft modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan van Mastrigt
- Institute of Physics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corentin Coulais
- Institute of Physics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Hecke
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerling Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Kanegae S, Okugawa M, Koizumi Y. Martensitic Phase-Transforming Metamaterial: Concept and Model. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6854. [PMID: 37959452 PMCID: PMC10648936 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We successfully developed a mechanical metamaterial that displays martensitic transformation for the first time. This metamaterial has a bistable structure capable of transitioning between two stable configurations through shear deformation. The outer shape of the unit cell of this structure is a parallelogram, with its upper and lower sides forming the bases of two solid triangles. The vertices from these triangles within the parallelogram are linked by short beams, while the remaining vertices are linked by long beams. The elastic energy of the essential model of the metamaterial was formulated analytically. The energy barrier between these two stable configurations consists of the elastic strain energy due to the tensile deformation of the short beams, the compressive deformation of the long beams, and the bending deformation of the connecting hinges. One example of a novel metamaterial was additively manufactured via the materials extrusion (MEX) process of thermoplastic polyurethane. The metamaterial exhibited deformation behaviors characteristic of martensitic transformations. This mechanical metamaterial has the potential to obtain properties caused by martensitic transformation in actual materials, such as the shape memory effect and superelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masayuki Okugawa
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Yuichiro Koizumi
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
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11
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Sim J, Wu S, Dai J, Zhao RR. Magneto-Mechanical Bilayer Metamaterial with Global Area-Preserving Density Tunability for Acoustic Wave Regulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303541. [PMID: 37335806 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
2D metamaterials have immense potential in acoustics, optics, and electromagnetic applications due to their unique properties and ability to conform to curved substrates. Active metamaterials have attracted significant research attention because of their on-demand tunable properties and performances through shape reconfigurations. 2D active metamaterials often achieve active properties through internal structural deformations, which lead to changes in overall dimensions. This demands corresponding alterations of the conforming substrate, or the metamaterial fails to provide complete area coverage, which can be a significant limitation for their practical applications. To date, achieving area-preserving active 2D metamaterials with distinct shape reconfigurations remains a prominent challenge. In this paper, magneto-mechanical bilayer metamaterials are presented that demonstrate area density tunability with area-preserving capability. The bilayer metamaterials consist of two arrays of magnetic soft materials with distinct magnetization distributions. Under a magnetic field, each layer behaves differently, which allows the metamaterial to reconfigure its shape into multiple modes and to significantly tune its area density without changing its overall dimensions. The area-preserving multimodal shape reconfigurations are further exploited as active acoustic wave regulators to tune bandgaps and wave propagations. The bilayer approach thus provides a new concept for the design of area-preserving active metamaterials for broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Sim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jize Dai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ruike Renee Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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12
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Wang L, Martínez JAI, Ulliac G, Wang B, Laude V, Kadic M. Non-reciprocal and non-Newtonian mechanical metamaterials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4778. [PMID: 37553322 PMCID: PMC10409733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Newtonian liquids are characterized by stress and velocity-dependent dynamical response. In elasticity, and in particular, in the field of phononics, reciprocity in the equations acts against obtaining a directional response for passive media. Active stimuli-responsive materials have been conceived to overcome it. Significantly, Milton and Willis have shown theoretically in 2007 that quasi-rigid bodies containing masses at resonance can display a very rich dynamical behavior, hence opening a route toward the design of non-reciprocal and non-Newtonian metamaterials. In this paper, we design a solid structure that displays unidirectional shock resistance, thus going beyond Newton's second law in analogy to non-Newtonian fluids. We design the mechanical metamaterial with finite element analysis and fabricate it using three-dimensional printing at the centimetric scale (with fused deposition modeling) and at the micrometric scale (with two-photon lithography). The non-Newtonian elastic response is measured via dynamical velocity-dependent experiments. Reversing the direction of the impact, we further highlight the intrinsic non-reciprocal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P.R. China
- Université Franche-Comté, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besançon, 25000, France
| | | | - Gwenn Ulliac
- Université Franche-Comté, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besançon, 25000, France
| | - Bing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P.R. China.
| | - Vincent Laude
- Université Franche-Comté, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besançon, 25000, France
| | - Muamer Kadic
- Université Franche-Comté, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besançon, 25000, France.
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