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Jones CW, Overbey EG, Lacombe J, Ecker AJ, Meydan C, Ryon K, Tierney B, Damle N, MacKay M, Afshin EE, Foox J, Park J, Nelson TM, Suhail Mohamad M, Byhaqui SGA, Aslam B, Tali UA, Nisa L, Menon PV, Patel CO, Khan SA, Ebert DJ, Everson A, Schubert MC, Ali NN, Sarma MS, Kim J, Houerbi N, Grigorev K, Garcia Medina JS, Summers AJ, Gu J, Altin JA, Fattahi A, Hirzallah MI, Wu JH, Stahn AC, Beheshti A, Klotz R, Ortiz V, Yu M, Patras L, Matei I, Lyden D, Melnick A, Banerjee N, Mullane S, Kleinman AS, Loesche M, Menon AS, Donoviel DB, Urquieta E, Mateus J, Sargsyan AE, Shelhamer M, Zenhausern F, Bershad EM, Basner M, Mason CE. Molecular and physiological changes in the SpaceX Inspiration4 civilian crew. Nature 2024; 632:1155-1164. [PMID: 38862026 PMCID: PMC11357997 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Human spaceflight has historically been managed by government agencies, such as in the NASA Twins Study1, but new commercial spaceflight opportunities have opened spaceflight to a broader population. In 2021, the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission launched the first all-civilian crew to low Earth orbit, which included the youngest American astronaut (aged 29), new in-flight experimental technologies (handheld ultrasound imaging, smartwatch wearables and immune profiling), ocular alignment measurements and new protocols for in-depth, multi-omic molecular and cellular profiling. Here we report the primary findings from the 3-day spaceflight mission, which induced a broad range of physiological and stress responses, neurovestibular changes indexed by ocular misalignment, and altered neurocognitive functioning, some of which match those of long-term spaceflight2, but almost all of which did not differ from baseline (pre-flight) after return to Earth. Overall, these preliminary civilian spaceflight data suggest that short-duration missions do not pose a significant health risk, and moreover present a rich opportunity to measure the earliest phases of adaptation to spaceflight in the human body at anatomical, cellular, physiological and cognitive levels. Finally, these methods and results lay the foundation for an open, rapidly expanding biomedical database for astronauts3, which can inform countermeasure development for both private and government-sponsored space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Jones
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eliah G Overbey
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for STEM, University of Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied Nanobioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Adrian J Ecker
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista Ryon
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Braden Tierney
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namita Damle
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan E Afshin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore M Nelson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael C Schubert
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nabila N Ali
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mallika S Sarma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadia Houerbi
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirill Grigorev
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Sebastian Garcia Medina
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander J Summers
- Center for Applied Nanobioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Center for Applied Nanobioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - John A Altin
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ali Fattahi
- Center for Applied Nanobioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammad I Hirzallah
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jimmy H Wu
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander C Stahn
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Remi Klotz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Ortiz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Patras
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley S Kleinman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anil S Menon
- University of Texas, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorit B Donoviel
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emmanuel Urquieta
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH), Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Shelhamer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied Nanobioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Bershad
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Mousseau F, Féraudet Tarisse C, Simon S, Gacoin T, Alexandrou A, Bouzigues CI. Multititration: The New Method for Implementing Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Multiplexed In-Field Immunoassays Despite Cross-Reactivity? Anal Chem 2023; 95:13509-13518. [PMID: 37639578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The accurate in-field titration of multiple pathogens is essential to efficiently describe and monitor environmental or biological contamination, isolate, act, and treat adequately. This underscores the requirement of portable, fast, quantitative, and multiplexed detection technologies, which, however, have not been properly developed so far, notably because it has been hindered by the phenomenon of cross-reactivity. In this work, we proposed a new analytical method based on the imaging through a portable device of lanthanide-based nanoparticles (YVO4:Eu) for spatially multiplexed detection, relying on a multiparameter analysis, i.e., a simultaneous analysis of all of the luminescence signals through the comparison to a calibration surface built in the presence of multiple analytes of interest. We then demonstrated the possibility to simultaneously quantify by multiplexed lateral flow assay (xLFA) the three enterotoxins SEG, SEH, and SEI in unknown mixtures, over two concentration decades (from a dozen of pg·mL-1 to few ng·mL-1). Assays were performed in less than an hour (25 min of strip migration followed by 30 min of drying at room temperature), the time during which the presence of the operator was not required for more than 5 min, in order to dip the strip and have it imaged by the reader. The concepts of nominal concentration recovery, coefficient of variation (CV), limit of blank (LOB), and limit of detection (LOD) were discussed in detail in the context of multiplexed assays. With our new definitions, quantitative results demonstrated a high recovery of the nominal concentrations (115%), reliability (CV = 20%), and sensitivity (LOBs of 3, 27, and 6 pg·mL-1 for SEG, SEH, and SEI respectively, and LODs of 6, 48, and 11 pg·mL-1 for SEG, SEH, and SEI, respectively). Based on this method, we observed an increase in sensitivity of 100 compared to the other multiplexed LFA labeled with gold particles and we approached the sensitivity of the simplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed with the same capture and detection antibodies. To conclude, our results, which are applicable to virtually any kind of multiplexed test, pave the way to the next generation of in-field analytical immunoassays by providing fast, quantitative, and highly sensitive multiplexed detection of biomarkers or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mousseau
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cécile Féraudet Tarisse
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antigoni Alexandrou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cédric Ismael Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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