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Sun Y, Xu S, Hang H, Xi J, Dong H, Jiao B, Zhou G, Yang X. The third strategy: modulating emission colors of organic light-emitting diodes with UV light during the device fabrication process. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8506-8513. [PMID: 38846396 PMCID: PMC11151860 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The modulation of emission color is one of the most critical topics in the research field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Currently, only two ways are commonly used to tune the emission colors of OLEDs: one is to painstakingly synthesize different emitters with diverse molecular structures, the other is to precisely control the degree of aggregation or doping concentration of one emitter. To develop a simpler and less costly method, herein we demonstrate a new strategy in which the emission colors of OLEDs can be continuously changed with UV light during the device fabrication process. The proof of concept is established by a chromene-based Ir(iii) complex, which shows bright green emission and yellow emission before and after UV irradiation, respectively. Consequently, under different durations of UV irradiation, the resulting Ir(iii) complex is successfully used as the emitter to gradually tune the emission colors of related solution-processed OLEDs from green to yellow. Furthermore, the electroluminescent efficiencies of these devices are unaffected or even increased during this process. Therefore, this work demonstrates a distinctive point of view and approach for modulating the emission colors of OLEDs, which may prove great inspiration for the fabrication of multi-colored OLEDs with only one emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Sun
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Shipan Xu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Huaiteng Hang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jun Xi
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Hua Dong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Bo Jiao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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Sun SQ, Tai JW, He W, Yu YJ, Feng ZQ, Sun Q, Tong KN, Shi K, Liu BC, Zhu M, Wei G, Fan J, Xie YM, Liao LS, Fung MK. Enhancing Light Outcoupling Efficiency via Anisotropic Low Refractive Index Electron Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400421. [PMID: 38430204 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to the extensive efforts toward optimizing perovskite crystallization properties, high-quality perovskite films with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield are successfully achieved. However, the light outcoupling efficiency of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is impeded by insufficient light extraction, which poses a challenge to the further advancement of PeLEDs. Here, an anisotropic multifunctional electron transporting material, 9,10-bis(4-(2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-yl)phenyl) anthracene (BPBiPA), with a low extraordinary refractive index (ne) and high electron mobility is developed for fabricating high-efficiency PeLEDs. The anisotropic molecular orientations of BPBiPA can result in a low ne of 1.59 along the z-axis direction. Optical simulations show that the low ne of BPBiPA can effectively mitigate the surface plasmon polariton loss and enhance the photon extraction efficiency in waveguide mode, thereby improving the light outcoupling efficiency of PeLEDs. In addition, the high electron mobility of BPBiPA can facilitate balanced carrier injection in PeLEDs. As a result, high-efficiency green PeLEDs with a record external quantum efficiency of 32.1% and a current efficiency of 111.7 cd A-1 are obtained, which provides new inspirations for the design of electron transporting materials for high-performance PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Qiao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Tai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - You-Jun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Macau Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Ning Tong
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kefei Shi
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guodan Wei
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Min Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macau Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Man-Keung Fung
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macau Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
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3
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Yin Y, Lai X, Ma Q, Ma H, Zhu W, Lee JY, Wang Y. HLCT-Type Acceptor Molecule-Based Exciplex System for Highly Efficient Solution-Processable OLEDs with Suppressed Efficiency Roll-Offs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313656. [PMID: 38315898 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Exciplex systems are promising candidates for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules because of the small energy difference between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST). However, realizing high-efficiency and low-external-quantum-efficiency (EQE) roll-off in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using an exciplex system remains a formidable challenge. In this study, two (HLCT)-type isomers with a spiro skeleton, 2-tBuspoCz-TRZ and 10-tBuspoCz-TRZ, are designed and synthesized as acceptors of exciplexes, where tert-butylspirofluorene indole is regarded as a donor and the triazine unit as an acceptor. Green exciplex emissions are observed for the 2-tBuspoCz-TRZ:TAPC and 10-tBuspoCz-TRZ:TAPC exciplexes, indicating distinct TADF characteristics with a very small ΔEST of 35 ± 5 meV. By using the TADF exciplex system based on the HLCT acceptor as an emitter, solution-processable OLEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 20.8%. Furthermore, a high EQEmax > 25% with a very low-efficiency roll-off (≈3.5% at 1000 cd m-2) is obtained for solution-processable phosphorescent devices using HLCT-based exciplexes as the host matrix of phosphors. This study paves the way for a novel strategy for designing acceptor exciplex molecules for effective TADF molecules and host matrices in solution-processable OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Yin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Lai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
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Meng QY, Wang R, Shao HY, Wang YL, Wen XL, Yao CY, Qiao J. Precise Regulation on the Bond Dissociation Energy of Exocyclic C-N Bonds in Various N-Heterocycle Electron Donors via Machine Learning. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4422-4429. [PMID: 38626393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Heterocycles with saturated N atoms (HetSNs) are widely used electron donors in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials. Their relatively low bond dissociation energy (BDE) of exocyclic C-N bonds has been closely related to material intrinsic stability and even device lifetime. Thus, it is imperative to realize fast prediction and precise regulation of those C-N BDEs, which demands a deep understanding of the relationship between the molecular structure and BDE. Herein, via machine learning (ML), we rapidly and accurately predicted C-N BDEs in various HetSNs and found that five-membered HetSNs (5-HetSNs) have much higher BDEs than almost all 6-HetSNs, except emerging boron-N blocks. Thorough analysis disclosed that high aromaticity is the foremost factor accounting for the high BDE of 5-HetSNs, and introducing intramolecular hydrogen-bond or electron-withdrawing moieties could also increase BDE. Importantly, the ML models performed well in various realistic OLED materials, showing great potential in characterizing material intrinsic stability for high-throughput virtual-screening and material design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Liang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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5
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Bai Z, Wang J, Zou P, Jiang R, Yang D, Ma D, Tang BZ, Zhao Z. Creating Efficient Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials with Cyano-Substituted 11,12-Diphenyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine Acceptors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303990. [PMID: 38060300 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Red luminescent materials are essential components for full color display and white lightening based on organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology, but the extension of emission color towards red or deep red region generally leads to decreased photoluminescence and electroluminescence efficiencies. Herein, we wish to report two new luminescent molecules (2CNDPBPPr-TPA and 4CNDPBPPr-TPA) consisting of cyano-substituted 11,12-diphenyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine acceptors and triphenylamine donors. As the increase of cyano substituents, the emission wavelength is greatly red-shifted and the reverse intersystem crossing process is promoted, resulting in strong red delayed fluorescence. Meanwhile, due to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, the molecular structures become rigidified and planarized, which brings about large horizontal dipole ratios. As a result, 2CNDPBPPr-TPA and 4CNDPBPPr-TPA can perform as emitters efficiently in OLEDs, furnishing excellent external quantum efficiencies of 28.8 % at 616 nm and 20.2 % at 648 nm, which are significantly improved in comparison with that of the control molecule without cyano substituents. The findings in this work demonstrate that the introduction of cyano substituents to the acceptors of delayed fluorescence molecules could be a facile and effective approach to explore high-efficiency red or deep red delayed fluorescence materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ruming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Zhao X, Liu H, Mu Q, Fan J, Xu Y, Cai L. Modulating excited state properties of thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules by hybrid long-range and short-range charge transfer strategy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123684. [PMID: 38039645 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Balancing the rapid radiative decay process and the fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule remains a great challenge and efficient molecular design strategies are highly desired. Herein, from a theoretical perspective, excited state properties of three reported TADF molecules (1TICz, 1BOICz and 2BOICz) are investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations coupled with the thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) method. Results indicate that, by introducing the multi-resonance (MR) acceptor, 1BOICz possesses hybrid long-range and short-range charge transfer features, balanced small energy gap (ΔEST) and large oscillator strength (f) is obtained. Furthermore, by incorporating double equivalent MR acceptors in 2BOICz, largely enhanced f with slightly changed ΔEST is achieved, inner mechanism for remarkable photophysical property is illustrated. Keep this strategy, seven new TADF molecules (2pDBA-bICz-1, 2pDBA-bICz-2, 2OSBA-bICz, 2DQAO-bICz, 2QAO-bICz, 2SQAO-bICz and 2OQAO-bICz) are theoretically designed, detailed physical parameters are analyzed and excited state energy consumption process is studied. Strong electrophilicity on acceptor is determined and the strength of nucleophilic sites on the bridge-phenyl of 2DQAO-bICz, 2QAO-bICz, 2SQAO-bICz and 2OQAO-bICz is increased, this promotes the short-range charge transfer property. In addition, the excitation processes for all studied molecules are dominated by long-range charge transfer from donor to acceptors, and supplemented by the short-range charge transfer on the bridge-phenyl with MR effect. Compromise energy gap and oscillator strength as well as large spin orbit coupling (SOC) constant are obtained for designed molecules. Thus, by regulating the long-range and short-range charge transfer ratios, excited state properties are successfully modulated and new efficient TADF molecules are proposed. Our research aims to provide deeper insight into long-range and short-range charge transfer features in balancing small ΔEST and large f, which could facilitate the development of novel efficient TADF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huanling Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qingfang Mu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Science, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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7
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Wang W, Bian J, Chen K, Li C, Long Y, Huang H, Jiang L, Zhao J, Liu S, Chi Z, Xu J, Zhang Y. Achieving Record External Quantum Efficiency of 11.5 % in Solution-Processable Deep-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Utilizing Hot Exciton Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202318782. [PMID: 38354089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
High performance solution-processable deep-blue emitters with a Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of CIEy≤0.08 are highly desired in ultrahigh-definition display. Although, deep-blue materials with hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) excited-state feature are promising candidates, their rigidity and planar molecular structures limit their application in solution-processing technique. Herein, four novel deep-blue solution-processable HLCT emitters were first proposed by attaching rigid imide aliphatic rings as functional units onto the HLCT emitting core. The functional units not only improve solubility, enhance thermal properties and morphological stability of the emitting core, but also promote photoluminescence efficiency, balance charge carrier transport, and inhibit aggregation-caused quenching effect due to the weak electron-withdrawing property as well as steric hindrance. The corresponding solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) substantiate an unprecedented maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 11.5 % with an emission peak at 456 nm and excellent colour purity (full width at half maximum=56 nm and CIEy=0.09). These efficiencies represent the state-of-the-art device performance among the solution-processable blue OLEDs based on the "hot exciton" mechanism. This simple strategy opens up a new avenue for designing highly efficient solution-processable deep-blue organic luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jinkun Bian
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Kaijin Chen
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chuying Li
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Long
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Huang
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Long Jiang
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- PCFM Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Liu
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, GD HPPC Lab, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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8
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Tang X, Xie M, Lin Z, Mitrofanov K, Tsagaantsooj T, Lee YT, Kabe R, Sandanayaka ASD, Matsushima T, Hatakeyama T, Adachi C. A Rigid Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Core Toward Stable Electroluminescence and Lasing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315210. [PMID: 37991245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic laser devices with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules is emerging due to the potential of harnessing triplets. In this work, a boron/nitrogen multiple-resonance TADF polycyclic framework fusing carbazole units (CzBNPh) was proposed. CzBNPh exhibited a narrowband emission (<30 nm), a unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and a fast radiative rate. Consequently, CzBNPh demonstrated a low distributed feedback (DFB) lasing threshold of 0.68 μJ cm-2 . Furthermore, the stimulated emission zone of CzBNPh was effectively separated from its singlet and triplet absorption, thereby minimizing the singlet-triplet annihilation under long-pulsed excitation ranging from 20 μs to 2.5 ms. Significantly, the enhanced rigid molecular conformation, thermal stability, and photo-stability resulted in improved lasing and electroluminescence stability compared to that of 5,9-diphenyl-5,9-diaza-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene (DABNA)-core. These findings indicate the potential of CzBN-core as a promising framework for achieving long-pulsed wave and electrically-pumped lasing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tang
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mingchen Xie
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Zesen Lin
- Organic Optoelectronics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kirill Mitrofanov
- Organic Optoelectronics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tuul Tsagaantsooj
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, 70 Linhsi Rd., Shihlin, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ryota Kabe
- Organic Optoelectronics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Atula S D Sandanayaka
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Toshinori Matsushima
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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9
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Han W, Liu J, Ran C, Huang Z, Gao G, You J, Bin Z. Alignment of Heptagonal Diimide and Triazine Enables Narrowband Pure-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Low Efficiency Roll-Off. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312297. [PMID: 37815880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The endeavor to develop high-performance narrowband blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll-off represents an attractive challenge. Herein, we introduce a hetero-acceptor design strategy centered around the heptagonal diimide (BPI) building block to create an efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizer. The alignment of a twisted BPI unit and a planar diphenyltriazine (TRZ) fragment imparts remarkable exciton dynamic properties to 26tCz-TRZBPI, including a fast radiative decay rate (kR ) of 1.0×107 s-1 and a swift reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC ) of 1.8×106 s-1 , complemented by a slow non-radiative decay rate (kNR ) of 6.0×103 s-1 . Consequently, 26tCz-TRZBPI facilitates the fabrication of high-performance narrowband pure-blue TADF-sensitized fluorescence OLEDs (TSF-OLEDs) with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 24.3 % and low efficiency roll-off even at a high brightness level of 10000 cd m-2 (EQE10000 : 16.8 %). This showcases a record-breaking external quantum efficiency at a high luminance level of 10000 cd m-2 for narrowband blue TSF-OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
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10
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Hua J, Zhan Z, Cheng Z, Cao W, Chai Y, Wang X, Wei C, Dong H, Wang J. High-efficiency all-fluorescent white organic light-emitting diode based on TADF material as a sensitizer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31632-31640. [PMID: 37908666 PMCID: PMC10614037 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05680e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of TADF materials as both sensitizers and emitters is a promising route to achieve high-efficiency all-fluorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). In this study, the thermally-activated delayed-fluorescent (TADF) material DMAC-TRZ (9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine-2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine) was selected as a sensitizer for the conventional fluorescent emitter DCJTB (4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran), which was co-doped in a wide bandgap host of DPEPO (bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide) to fabricate WOLEDs. For the emitting layer of DPEPO:DMAC-TRZ:DCJTB, the DPEPO host can dilute the exciton concentration formed on the DMAC-TRZ sensitizer, which benefits the suppression of exciton quenching. The effect of the doping concentration of DCJTB on the carrier recombination and energy transfer process was investigated. With an optimized doping concentration of DCJTB as 0.8%, highly efficient WOLED was achieved with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE), power efficiency (PE), and current efficiency (CE) of 11.05%, 20.83 lm W-1, and 28.83 cd A-1, respectively, corresponding to the Commission Internationale de I' Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.45, 0.46). These superior performances can be ascribed to the fact that the hole-trapping effect of the emitter and Dexter energy transfer (DET) from sensitizer to emitter can be suppressed simultaneously by the extremely low doping concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hua
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Zhuolin Zhan
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Zeyuan Cheng
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Wanshan Cao
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Yuan Chai
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Chunyu Wei
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - He Dong
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
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11
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Poriel C, Rault-Berthelot J. Dihydroindenofluorenes as building units in organic semiconductors for organic electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6754-6805. [PMID: 37702538 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to discuss organic semiconductors constructed on dihydroindenofluorene positional isomers, which are key molecular scaffolds in organic electronics. Bridged oligophenylenes are key organic semiconductors that have allowed the development of organic electronic technologies. Dihydroindenofluorenes (DHIFs) belong to the family of bridged oligophenylenes constructed on a terphenyl backbone. They have proven to be very promising building blocks for the construction of highly efficient organic semiconductors for all OE devices, namely organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), phosphorescent OLEDs, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), solar cells, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Poriel
- UMR CNRS 6226-Université Rennes 1-ISCR-Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France.
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